Journal articles: 'Commercial construction design'

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Yan, Yang, Xin Wu, Jun Lu, and Yue Lin Xi. "Design Analysis of Commercial Complexes of Modern Urban Architectures." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 2615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2615.

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Since the national economics has developed rapidly, construction systems of the commercial complex has gradually been established towards the right track and obtained great achievements. On one hand, the constructions and “achievement projects” are in need of commercial complex innovation, on the other hand, there are always such needs in urban construction activities, resources distributions and the quality of life. In the essay, the author analyses how to make a good design with the development of some aspects: design conception, general structure and functional layout. It means to present some references for the commercial complex designs in the future.

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Brown, M. Judson. "Optimization of Thermal Mass in Commercial Building Applications." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 112, no. 4 (November 1, 1990): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929934.

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Based on results from a one-year intensive monitoring project of a Northern New York commercial building with energy-conserving design features, a thermal storage project was undertaken to optimize the design of a thermal mass storage system for a moderately sized commercial building and transfer the technology to the commercial building sector. A generic commercial building design of 27,000 square feet (2508 m2) was selected for the optimization project. Several different types of thermal mass designs were considered as potentially practical for a commercial building. These included a “sandmass” design such as the mass incorporated in the previously monitored commercial building mentioned above, a foundation slab of sufficient thickness to serve as a significant building thermal mass, and the use of poured cement in interior wall and floor construction. Five different office building thermal designs were selected which represented various thermal storage features and two different building insulation levels (R10 and R20). Energy performance of the five thermal designs was modeled in building energy simulations using DOE 2.1C (Department of Energy 2.1C) energy simulation code. Results of the simulations showed a reduction in peak heating and cooling loads would be experienced by the HVAC equipment. The reduction in peak heating and cooling loads was anticipated because thermal mass within a building serves to average peak heating and cooling loads due to the capacity of the thermal mass to store and release heat from all building heat sources over a period of time. Peak heating loads varied from 1972 kBtuh (578 kW) for the R-10 light construction base case to a minimum of 980 kBtuh (287 kW) for the R-20 heavy construction sandmass storage case. Peak cooling loads dropped from 772 kBtuh (226 kW) for the R-20 light construction case to 588 kBtuh (172 kW) for the R-20 heavy construction sandmass storage case. Results of the simulations also showed annual energy savings for the high thermal mass designs. Energy savings varied from 20 percent [16.0 kBtu/ft2 (50 kWh/m2)] for the R-10 high thermal mass design in comparison to its base case to 18 percent [12.2 kBtu/ft2 (39 kWh/m2)] for the R-20 high thermal mass design in comparison to its base case. The annual energy savings are due to the ability of the thermal mass to absorb heat from all sources of heat generation (lights, occupancy, solar, and auxiliary) during occupied periods and release the heat during unoccupied periods. An optimized thermal design was developed based on results from the DOE 2.1C simulations. The initial cost for the optimized thermal storage design is lower than the initial costs for light construction office buildings, since the lower initial cost of the down-sized HVAC system for the optimized thermal storage design more than offsets the increased cost of wall and floor systems incorporated in the optimized design. Annual energy savings are realized from the high thermal mass system in both cooling and heating modes due to the interaction of building HVAC systems operation in the simulated 27000 ft2 (2508 m2) office building. Annual operating savings of $3781 to $4465 per year are estimated based on simulation results.

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MIZUNO, Masayuki, Akiko NANBU, Kayoko WAKAMATSU, Ken MATSUYAMA, Hiroaki NOTAKE, Yoshifumi OHMIYA, Hideo KOBAYASHI, Taiki TOMATSU, Kazunori HARADA, and Takeyoshi TANAKA. "FIRE SAFETY DESIGN OF A COMMERCIAL COMPLEX." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 7, no. 13 (2001): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.7.91.

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Pathan, Abrarkhan M., Dhawal H. Agrawal, Pina M. Bhatt, Hitarthi H. Patel, and U. S. Joshi. "Design and Construction of Low Temperature Attachment for Commercial AFM." Solid State Phenomena 209 (November 2013): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.209.137.

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With the rapid advancements in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology, scanning probe microscopy has become an integral part of a typical R&D lab. Atomic force microscope (AFM) has become a familiar name in this category. The AFM measures the forces acting between a fine tip and a sample. The tip is attached to the free end of a cantilever and is brought very close to a surface. Attractive or repulsive forces resulting from interactions between the tip and the surface will cause a positive or negative bending of the cantilever. The bending is detected by means of a laser beam, which is reflected from the backside of the cantilever. Atomic force microscopy is currently applied to various environments (air, liquid, vacuum) and types of materials such as metal semiconductors, soft biological samples, conductive and non-conductive materials. With this technique size measurements or even manipulations of nano-objects may be performed. An experimental setup has been designed and built such that a commercially available Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) (Nanosurf AG, Easyscan 2) can be operated at cryogenic temperature under vacuum and in a vibration-free environment. The design also takes care of portability and flexibility of AFM i.e. it is very small, light weight and AFM can be used in both ambient and cryogenic conditions. The whole set up was assembled in-house at a fairly low cost. It is used to study the surface structure of nanomaterials. Important perovskite manganite Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3thin films were studied and results such as morphology, RMS area and line roughness as well as the particle size have been estimated at cryogenic temperature.

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Havlíček, Peter, and Július Šoltész. "Applicability of Commercial Software for Bridge Design with Consideration of Seismic Loading Effects." Solid State Phenomena 272 (February 2018): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.272.313.

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The construction of bridges with use of seismic isolation is a less-used concept in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The concept of seismic isolation of bridges is a way of protecting bridge construction without damaging the pillars and substructure unlike the currently used methodology of consideration and development of plastic joints. When using this concept correctly, it is possible to prevent serious damage of construction and greatly reduce economic losses. Creation of a FEM (Fine Element Method) model, that is capable of correct description of the bridge behavior during a seismic event is often problematic. In this paper, the features of designing and modeling of bridge constructions with use of seismic insulation based on elastomeric bearings are presented. Furthermore, the calculations of stiffness constants required for numerical modeling are presented as well. In this paper are described methods of modeling of seismic isolations in a commonly and commercially available FEM based software. The work also contains a comparison of possibilities as well as limits of these programs. We further present recommendations for correct modeling by use of nonlinear material properties or elastic bonds between elements.

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Jensen, Wayne, Bruce Fischer, and Tim Wentz. "Post-Design LEED Certification for Commercial and Residential Structures." International Journal of Construction Education and Research 3, no. 2 (August 2007): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15578770701429464.

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Konior, J. "Significance Risks Evaluation of Commercial Construction Projects." Archives of Civil Engineering 65, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2019-0016.

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AbstractThe main objective of the article is to present quantified and measurable risks likelihood appearance, impact and significance of inspected and monitored 48 commercial construction projects and their feasibility to be carried out. Original technical, financial and organisational feasibility studies in compliance with a rigorous Bank Investment Supervision requirements have been executed by the author in the period of 2005 – 2018. Methodology of construction project appraisal for financing and execution professional preparation have been laid out – technical documentation, arrangements, realisation. Analysis and assessment of Bank Investment Supervision consisted of project execution plan PEP, geotechnical and environmental conditions, permit design, agreements and decision impacts of local authorities, engineering contract for construction works, project insurance and performance bonds, schedule of execution tasks and their costs, payment plan, investment budget and project economical effectiveness, scope of monthly construction works execution assessed by Earned Value Method approach and handover procedure of construction project. An attempt was made to express numerically the relationship between risks impacts and their level of likelihood. Also, a method of associating the influence of projects risks impacts on the extent of the likelihood of project risk occurrence which makes possible to determine the direction and the strength of this relationship was presented. Finally, risks likelihood appearance, impact and significance variability of commercial construction projects within last two years of booming investment industry have been determined.

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Kereri, James Ogechi, and Simon Adamtey. "RFID use in residential/commercial construction industry." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 17, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 591–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-07-2018-0118.

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Purpose In the past decade, radio frequency identification devices (RFIDs) have attracted the attention of the construction industry, having been proven to be an effective technology for addressing operational challenges in other industries such as health-care, retail and manufacturing. Despite the benefits, the use of RFID in construction industry is limited even in the face of inefficiencies that exist and that the need for improvement is yet to drive the widespread adoption in the residential/commercial construction industry. The purpose of this study is to investigate key drivers and critical success factors for RFID adoption. Design/methodology/approach The study included extensive and systematic literature review, interviews and questionnaire survey. Findings The study revealed that the most important key driver for RFID adoption is productivity improvement, while the most important critical success factors include management support and commitment, having clear RFID strategy, needs and benefits, having strong motivation for improvement, providing adequate funding and proper planning. Practical implications This study provides an exploratory framework that can be used by construction company executives and managers to provide justification for deciding to implement RFID on their projects and to enhance success rates of implementation. Originality/value This study contributes to the knowledge on RFID use in residential/commercial construction industry and provides a basis for further investigation by construction management researchers on the emerging issues regarding RFID use in the construction industry.

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Guo, Bing, Xiang Yu Bai, and Yan Qing Zhang. "A Commercial Bank’s Underground Vault Double-Shear Wall Template Installation Technology." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 6066–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.6066.

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This article particular introduce the double-shear wall template installation construction technology, construction points, construction quality control, safety precautions and the mode of material saving, which is a commercial bank’s integration business building underground vault with a special requirement. Making the construction step, the construction point and inspecting, in accordance with the construction method, construction point, construction procedure, methods of the materials processing, quality criterion, safety measures, materials saving measures, is not only to meet the usage function of the design requirements and requirement of the project quality, but also to save material,achieve the purpose of cost reduction.

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Schulz, Erich J., Richard C. Celotto, Morgan P. O'Connor, and John A. Malone. "Adapting Commercial Shipbuilding Practices to Warship Design – Evaluation of a Hybrid Navy-Commercial Collar Detail." Journal of Ship Production 16, no. 04 (November 1, 2000): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2000.16.4.207.

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An investigation was carried out to determine the applicability of certain commercial construction techniques to naval ships with regard to their capability to withstand weapons effects loads. Typical commercial structural details require less welding and fitting, are less labor intensive, and are therefore less expensive to construct than naval structural details. However, structural details used on naval ships must adequately resist loads that are different from those a commercial ship would encounter, specifically shock and whipping loads due to underwater explosions, and blast from air explosions. This paper documents the limited-scope investigation performed that included design, analysis, and shock testing of a candidate commercial structural detail to replace the Navy standard detail, specifically the collar used in joint connections.

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SMITH, IAN F. C. "Engineering design support challenges." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 21, no. 1 (January 2007): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060407070059.

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After 20 years of personal experience in introducing advanced software into several engineering contexts (engineering consulting firms, construction companies, large diversified companies, and commercial research establishments), some observations may be of interest. Although some development efforts succeeded and software is still in use, not one development effort has met the expectations that were expressed at the beginning of the project. The least successful experiences are design applications.

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Mehrabian, M. A. "Construction, performance, and thermal design of plate heat exchangers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 223, no. 3 (May 14, 2009): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544089jpme270.

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Much of design data for plate heat exchangers remain proprietary. A step by step methodology for determination of the exchanger size and internal geometry from the knowledge of process data is scarce. Commercial computer codes do not give the user accessibility to mathematical modelling. Engineers do not usually understand the terminology and geometry of these exchangers. This article presents a manual method for thermal design of plate heat exchangers based on physically meaningful estimations, calculations, and comparisons. When there is no close agreement, it may be necessary to change one or more of the design parameters, i.e. channel (passage) velocities, wall temperatures, or corrugation inclination angle. Considerable skill and judgment is required by the thermal design engineer at this stage to decide how the tentative design should be changed to provide a rapid solution. The experienced design engineer is often able to judge on the final decision from the first or second trial designs.

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Wu, Nan Wei. "Thinking on the Design Practice of Modern Commercial Complex - Taking Hohhot Jinyu New Field Project as an Example." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.655.

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The JinYu New Field Project is designed to build a large-scale center integrating business, culture, commerce, leisure and entertainment in the emerging development area in the south of Hohhot in the future. After three years of design and construction, the project begins to take shape. Through deep analysis of the commercial form, commercial space, land and traffic organization, fire performance of the commercial building and design difficulties of JinYu New Field Project, this paper summarizes the key points and difficulties of the commercial complex project in the design practice, and proposes the thinking on future development of the commercial complex in China.

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Daidola, John C. "Modularity: Facilitator for Commercial Shipyards in Naval Shipbuilding." Journal of Ship Production and Design 37, no. 02 (May 10, 2021): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.11190059.

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Modularity in the design and construction of naval vessels is considered wherein functional naval system-module installations that provide basic ship structure and ship interfaces are permanently integrated in an otherwise conventional ship envelope during construction. Consideration is given to a paradigm shift consisting of a ship envelope constructed by a primarily commercial shipbuilder, which is then transferred to a naval shipyard integrator for completion, including insertion of those modules which are purely naval mission-oriented. In the context of such consideration, the competitive practices of international commercial shipbuilders, particularly related to large passenger ships, suggest a potential application to naval vessels.

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Yuan, Bo, Zhi Xia Zhang, and Jian Zheng. "Research on Flow Capturing Location of Commercial Complex Based on Double Design Variable Constraint." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 2525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2525.

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Due to the complicated development process, larger operation difficulty, higher development costs of the commercial real estate, the location selection problem is critical to project success or failure. Based on the location variables and design variables as decision variables, the design variables are expanded as double factors variables, combining the spatial interaction model combined with the greedy algorithm, competitive environment of commercial complex intercepting location model is built. Combined with a practical example, the validity of the model for commercial complex location is verified, the average running time is compared between the heuristic algorithms and the enumeration method, the results show that: commercial complex intercepting location model can quickly and effectively locate the commercial facilities, and provide a theoretical basis for locating commercial complex construction projects.

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Perera, M. D. A. E. S., A. V. Gilham, and T. D. J. Clements-Croome. "Natural ventilation in the United Kingdom: Design issues for commercial and public buildings." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 17, no. 1 (February 1996): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014362449601700101.

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Peters, Susan E., Hao D. Trieu, Justin Manjourides, Jeffrey N. Katz, and Jack T. Dennerlein. "Designing a Participatory Total Worker Health® Organizational Intervention for Commercial Construction Subcontractors to Improve Worker Safety, Health, and Well-Being: The “ARM for Subs” Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 5093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145093.

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Background: Evidence supports organizational interventions as being effective for improving worker safety, health and well-being; however, there is a paucity of evidence-based interventions for subcontracting companies in commercial construction. Methods: A theory-driven approach supplemented by formative research through key stakeholder interviews and focus groups and an iterative vetting process with stakeholders, resulted in the development of an intervention for subcontractors in the commercial construction industry. We piloted the intervention in one subcontracting commercial construction company. We used these findings to adapt and finalize the intervention design to be tested in a future large-scale trial. Results: There were several key findings from the formative research, including challenges faced by companies and assets that should be considered in the intervention design. This resulted in a communication infrastructure company-based, continual improvement, participatory intervention design, consisting of a needs assessment and report, committee-led prioritization, action planning and implementation, and worker communication/feedback cycle. The pilot contributed to the final intervention design with modifications made with respect to timing, implementation support, capacity building, adaptability and sustainability. Conclusions: The use of a theory-driven participatory approach to developing an integrated organizational intervention for commercial construction subcontracting companies was important and necessary. It allowed us to consider the empirical evidence and relevant theories and tailor these to meet the needs of our target population. This study gives pragmatic insight into the early development of a complex intervention, with practical experience of how we adapted our intervention at each stage. This intervention will be tested in a future randomized trial.

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Rener, Andrew, Aslihan Karatas, and Benjamin Videan. "Innovative Design and Execution Model for Improving Productivity of Interior Prefabricated Commercial Wall Assemblies." Buildings 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010068.

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Field productivity of building trades is the focus of prefabricated construction practitioners as a path to greater profitability and competitiveness in the marketplace. Construction firms are struggling to meet the demand of the marketplace due to shortages of skilled workers and flat to declining productivity. Human capital and productivity challenges are affecting the ability to both acquire new work and complete the work under contract. This study focuses on the development of an innovative model that defines a process for the design, project site preconstruction planning phase, and fabrication of interior prefabricated wall components that improves onsite productivity. The developed model was tested and implemented in a case study of a single project comprised of four identical buildings located on a singular jobsite while utilizing both traditional and model approaches. The results verify that the productivity model developed in this study is capable of reducing on-site labor hours and, therefore, improving field productivity compared to traditional methods. The application of the model saved between 7–23% man-hours compared to the traditional methods and beat the estimate by 17%. Practitioners and researchers are both incentivized to explore, develop, and implement novel methodologies to address the human capital shortage that is facing the construction industry.

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Silungwe, Chipozya Tembo, and Festus C. Luwaya. "Feasibility Assessment of Tilt-Up Construction in Commercial Buildings." Journal of Engineering, Project, and Production Management 10, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeppm-2020-0016.

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AbstractConstruction projects are much appreciated by both client and contractor when completed on schedule and within budget so as to avoid cost overruns. The Zambian building sector normally experiences time and cost overruns. This study investigated the feasibility of using tilt-up construction in the construction of commercial building walls. The methodology used consisted of a literature review, a questionnaire survey and a scenario analysis consisting of a hypothetical 4900 square meter commercial building with a height of 8 meters. Sixty-six questionnaires were administered to design professionals operating in the Zambian building sector using simple random sampling and thirty-six were returned giving a response rate of 55%. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Cost analysis was done on a hypothetical building as no contractor was found using tilt-up construction in the construction sector. The study established that tilt-up was, in fact, more expensive than the conventional methods (concrete blocks and in-situ reinforced concrete walls), but it was faster, hence, making it viable in respect to time and not cost in the Zambian construction industry (ZCI). Additionally, necessary expertise was available with the exception of a certified tilt-up practitioner and a sealant sub-contractor in cases where a sealant contractor is needed. The study has identified that currently in the Zambian building sector tilt-up construction can be used when time is more important than the cost. However, challenges such as site size (limited space), the unavailability of building regulation for tilt-up construction and the economic capacity of the client or capacity need to be addressed for enhancing the practical application of tilt-up construction in ZCI.

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Jin, Yin, and Yaojun Zhang. "The Study on Design and Research Complex of Buildings in the City." World Construction 2, no. 1 (March 26, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/wc.v2i1.33.

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<p>In this paper, domestic new commercial complex in the city as the object, focus on city complex building design, as well as to commercial buildings city complex carrier for various uses functions. Structure professional needs in considering structural safety and reasonable at the same time, through structural transformation, increased column and beam combining section steel structure design, to meet the security under the premise of realization of these functions and the need for mutual transformation. Because commercial buildings there is a change in nature, often in the sales process after the completion of the main construction be modified according to the requirements of owners of commercial use, operation of the process and there will be some variability, which adds to the difficulty of the professional work structure.</p>

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Jin, Yin, and Yaojun Zhang. "The Study on Design and Research Complex of Buildings in the City." World Construction 2 (March 26, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/wcj.v2i1.1.

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<p>In this paper, domestic new commercial complex in the city as the object, focus on city complex building design, as well as to commercial buildings city complex carrier for various uses functions. Structure professional needs in considering structural safety and reasonable at the same time, through structural transformation, increased column and beam combining section steel structure design, to meet the security under the premise of realization of these functions and the need for mutual transformation. Because commercial buildings there is a change in nature, often in the sales process after the completion of the main construction be modified according to the requirements of owners of commercial use, operation of the process and there will be some variability, which adds to the difficulty of the professional work structure.</p>

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Triastuti, Nusa Setiani. "METHOD OF STRENGTHENING STRUCTURE OF BUILDING." Applied Research on Civil Engineering and Environment (ARCEE) 1, no. 01 (August 31, 2019): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32722/arcee.v1i01.2312.

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The owner asks the author to see the condition of the commercial building. The author recognizes that Commercial Buildings do not meet the requirements of the structure of strength, stability, and stiffness. Of the substructure and upper structure of commercial buildings in the business center in Riau Province. Even though they have been built, they do not meet the structural requirements. A thorough analysis is needed from the bottom structure to the top structure. This research aim is strengthening under and upper structure, nothing moving the user and operational — survey methodology with collecting primary and secondary data. Substructure and upper structure data are analyzed for the cause of the damage. The solution is the design and construction stages — design of substructure and upper structure strengthening. The right construction stage applies for an essential role in the success of the construction because the condition of the existing structure from the bottom up is weak. The structural improvement achieved successful results

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Wang, Hongfei. "Design of Commercial Building Complex Based on 3D Landscape Interaction." Scientific Programming 2022 (January 17, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7664803.

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The needs of visualization of multidimensional information of the earth, 3D virtual construction, and engineering design are driving research into some technologies of 3D landscape interactive design. The function and availability of the 3D landscape interactive system are largely determined by an efficient interactive algorithm, which is an essential part of the interactive design system of commercial architecture landscape. This paper investigates and evaluates the current state of 3D landscape intersection in landscape design, compares and evaluates existing 3D landscape modeling methods, and proposes some recommendations for the feasibility of a 3D commercial building performance scheme that will serve as a model for future large-scale urban commercial building landscape modeling. When the landscape is represented by objective substances like visual images, people are more likely to actively engage with nature and make automatic decisions based on physiological responses. The introduction of 3D technology has given people’s lives a new lease on life, and it is critical to optimize urban planning and management.

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Forson, F. K., F. O. Akuffo, and M. A. A. Nazha. "Natural convection solar crop-dryers of commercial scale in Ghana: design, construction and performance." International Journal of Ambient Energy 17, no. 3 (July 1996): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.1996.9675231.

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Sivakumar, C., R. Malathy, and P. Sivaprakash. "A Study on Fire Safety on Residential and Commercial Construction Sites." Archives of Civil Engineering 64, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2018-0022.

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AbstractThe construction industry in India is the country’s second largest industrial sector, after agriculture. The construction industry makes a remarkable contribution to the Indian economy and provides employment to a large number of people of India. Fire is a chemical reaction of a combustible substance with oxygen, involving heat and is usually accompanied by a visual flame or incandescence. Ensuring fire safety has always been a challenge to the stakeholders, i.e. building owners, construction companies, contractors and sub-contractors, and government employees due to the multiplicity of the factors involved and their complexity. There are various legal standards and requirements for ensuring fire safety on construction sites. The buildings are normally provided with firewalls during construction and these firewalls separate two structures or divide a structure into smaller portions to prevent the spread of fire. The lightweight construction and trusses are designed to support only their own weight. During a fire, if one fails, a domino effect happens and all fail rapidly within 5 to 10 minutes. Prolonged exposure to fire may result in structural collapse and injury or death of the occupants of the building under construction. Fire safety on construction sites is still in its primitive stages in India. There is a great necessity to improve fire safety on construction sites to protect construction workers and other occupants of the buildings. This study aims to design and implement fire safety systems for construction sites, thereby enhancing the standards to meet the system requirements at par with global standards.

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Astarini, Sulfiah Dwi, Christiono Utomo, and Mohammad Arif Rohman. "Integration Factors of Design Participants in Performance-Based Building Design of Commercial Property." Designs 6, no. 6 (November 4, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs6060111.

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Design practice has shifted towards a performance approach that is based on an awareness of sustainability goals. Achieving this goal requires the integration of all participants through communication, collaboration, and knowledge-sharing (CCKs), specifically at the design stage. The participants are from different stages of the project which are design management (DM), project management (PM), and facility/property management (FM). The current research has not been able to clearly describe the practice in achieving design performance, especially involving the main three stakeholders (DM, PM, and FM). Thus, this study aims to fill the research gap by focusing on the influence of factors CCKs on the design performance of the commercial property, especially retail property. This will form a design, construction, and operational integration model to achieve the performance of retail properties in forming an optimal space. This study uses a method of quantitative study using a questionnaire survey. It was collected from 111 practitioners of the project participants (DM, PM, FM) in retail property development in Indonesia. There are different results in the correlation that the higher the factor value, the lower the space value performance. This correlation occurs in collaboration for PM, communication for DM, and knowledge-sharing for FM. This interesting finding can be explained empirically according to the preferences of each participant. This study contributes to knowledge about the influence of CCKs, which focus on the design of performance-based retail buildings to get the highest space value.

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Yolande Mtsweni, Lindy, Philip Serumaga-Zake, and Jan Kruger. "The Case of Construction Industr An Evaluation of the Lending Model of Commercial Banks in South Africa: The Case of Construction Industry." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 3 (April 9, 2020): 403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.73.7018.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the commercial banks’ lending model for small businesses in South Africa. The multiple case study design and purposive sampling were used to select six small businesses from a bank’s database for the study. The qualitative data was categorised and analysed thematically. It was found that the lending criteria are based on the bank and client’s long-term relationship, client’s background, character, collateral, capital, capacity and affordability, that the lending model is helping to grow small businesses in the country. The commercial banks’ lending policy should allow flexibility, among others, in terms of the minimum deposits and interest rates charged.

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Sriravindrarajah, Rasiah, and Elizebeth Tran. "Waterproofing practices in Australia for building construction." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819501002.

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Waterproofing is an essential component in building construction to maintain the integrity of buildings with reduced maintenance cost. A comprehensive waterproofing system is an integrated combination of factors, and includes product selection, membrane detail, substrate preparation, design, installation and maintenance. It is designed to work under different environmental conditions, substrates and applications. Proper understanding of the issues related to waterproofing membrane systems is important to minimise the waterproofing failures in both commercial and residential buildings. This paper aims to discuss Standards and Codes; membrane systems and performance, waterproofing practices, design and installation techniques, inspection and testing and quality assurance adopted by the waterproofing industry in Australia.

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Sutar, Pritesh. "Design & Analysis of Integrated Battery Mounting Tray for Commercial Vehicle." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 3881–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37228.

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In vehicle battery mounting systems are very important due to different aspects and performance. At the start of improvement, the construction of the battery holder should be promptly checked and accurately analyzed, without sufficient authorization from the vehicle. The battery mounting bracket has been designed as a frame to support the battery. Battery carrier vibration and fatigue has always been a concern that can lead to tray failure if the design is wrong, due to vehicle vibration and stress, the mounting tray will be damaged. This is an important study that requires extensive investigation to understand the structural features and its dynamic behavior. This research presents a Finite Element (FE) analysis of a typical battery mounting tray of a car will be performed and the natural frequency will be determined.

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Flórez-Ruiz, Juan Fernando, Jorge Guillermo Díaz-Rodríguez, Alexander Ramírez-Dueñes, and Félix Antonio Pérez-Rondón. "Design, simulation and construction of a pellets transportation laboratory." ITECKNE 16, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15332/iteckne.v16i2.2352.

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The article presents how three scaled down industrial machinery models were designed and built as an educational tool to present the transport of particulate material. The literature review showed calculation models for equipment at industrial level, not for laboratory level. There were chosen the most representative means of commercial transport for particulate materials: a conveyor screw, a conveyor belt and a bucket elevator. These three machines were calculated and built in polycarbonate to allow visualization of their internal functioning. The three devices are controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC) and connected to each other by a SCADA network. The equipment is modular so as not to alter the order of operation, being able to obtain different work sequences. In addition, a man-machine graphic interface (HMI) was developed to supervise and to control the designed equipment. The results of particulate material mass flow obtained are approximately coincident with those estimated, validating the use of calculation models for much lower levels of work. Finally, it is emphasized that the system obtained is an environment for students to implement control techniques using the sensors and motors used in the designs.

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Nikou, Tina, and Leidy Klotz. "Application of multi-attribute utility theory for sustainable energy decisions in commercial buildings." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 3, no. 3 (November 11, 2014): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-01-2014-0004.

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Purpose – Despite substantial advances in technologies enhancing the energy efficiency of buildings, they remain the largest consumers of energy in the USA compared with other sectors. In addition, the current rating systems for sustainable buildings do not reflect all potential energy savings during the design, construction, and occupancy of the built environment. The purpose of this paper is to examine the application of multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) as a framework for quantifying energy decisions made during the design phase of a building construction project. Design/methodology/approach – The MAUT method was applied to a case study, and the results were compared with subjective results from the decision makers. Analysis of the results suggested that MAUT is a decision analysis tool that could aid decision makers in communicating their decision criteria and expectations. Findings – Findings from this research suggest that using an analysis method provides the decision makers with a systematic way to include their concerns and preferences and specific requirements of the project along with the criteria for sustainable energy and the built environment at the same time. Using a multi-criteria, decision-making method provides the decision makers with quantitative information, which facilitates the comparison of alternatives. MAUT enabled the various stakeholders of the project to collaborate on the inputs of the problems and allowed the decision makers to communicate their priorities and expectations more effectively. Originality/value – The findings indicated that MAUT provides stakeholders with a quantitative and holistic approach to decision making in which they can track changes in parameters during the process. The implementation of MAUT as a decision analysis tool in designing construction projects ultimately could lead to better decision making for sustainable building designs.

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Sui Pheng, Low, and Daniel L. L. T’ng. "Factors influencing design development time of commercial properties in Singapore." Facilities 16, no. 1/2 (January 1998): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02632779810195848.

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Shan, Jie, and Cui Yuan Yu. "University Data Center Design of IPv6 Deployment." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 1424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.1424.

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With IPv6 industry chain gradually mature and commercial,IPv6 users and network scale expands unceasingly,University data center as the forefront of the information construction and core,the transition to IPv6 is a inevitable choice.In this paper,For university data center IPv6 deployment process,how to solve the problem of IPv4 and IPv6 coexistence and transition put forward the corresponding solutions,For university data center network protocol to IPv6 deployment has played a guiding significance in reality.

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Zhu, Yitong, Wenzhen Huang, and Linhui Hu. "Research on a Commercial Building Space Traffic Flow Design Based on Post-Occupancy Evaluation." Buildings 12, no. 6 (June 15, 2022): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060838.

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The aim of traffic flow design in commercial building space planning is to create a comfortable, easily accessible, and identifiable spatial structure in a complex and changeable business environment. However, modern commercial building spaces often appear to be inconsistent with the usage requirements after they are put into use. To understand the real experience evaluation of users, this study selects the commercial project “Guangzhou Nanpu Times Commercial Building Space” as its subject. Based on post-occupancy evaluation (POE), this study uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to construct an evaluation index system of commercial building space traffic flow. The weights and satisfaction scores of the indexes are calculated through expert interviews and questionnaires to analyze the evaluation and reasons for the commercial building space traffic flow design after using the facilities. We thereby obtain the design points of commercial building space traffic flow to provide a scientific, reasonable, and practical basis for the subsequent design of the same type of traffic flow to drive the prosperity and development of commerce.

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Cruz Júnior, Antenor Oliveira, Cosme Ferreira da Ponte-Neto, and André Wiermann. "Design and construction of an automated and programmable resistivity meter for shallow subsurface investigation." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 12, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-12-15-2023.

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Abstract. Geoelectrical resistivity is an excellent method to investigate the structural composition of shallow subsurfaces. However, existing commercial equipment is typically expensive and often requires proprietary accessories and software to provide full system functionality. The objective of this study was to develop a multichannel, modular, automated, and programmable geo-resistivity meter capable of user customization and programming. To this end, a conceptual prototype was built based on free software and open hardware technologies as a low-cost alternative to commercial equipment while maintaining the accuracy and quality of the data at the same level. The prototype was based on electrode multiplexing to make the switching process more efficient by reducing cabling complexity, whereas synchronous demodulation for signal detection was employed, providing strong rejection of spurious electrical noise, typical of urban areas where such equipment is frequently used. The results demonstrate the feasibility of this project and an important academic contribution to open-source instrumental research.

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Guo, Yu Chen, Lu Wan, and Yuan Yi Wei. "Commercial Form Analysis and Strategy Optimization of Train Station Based on Urban Development." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.425.

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This paper studied commercial space of the Shanghai Railway Station. It summed up construction and development of history railway and railway passenger transportation. It clarified commercial activities of major railway terminal. It summarized appropriate scale and location of different business activities by the tightness of characteristics different commercial activities as well as problems and deficiencies of existing large passenger commercial space. It identified the source of the problem by several field researches on Shanghai Railway Station. This paper summarized different layout features of the passenger terminal commercial space design history and analyzed the differences and reasons. Finally this paper presented specific strategies and ideas of a large railway passenger commercial space design combined with their views of trends for railway passenger comprehensive development.

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Ayvali, Murat, Inge Wickenkamp, and Andrea Ehrmann. "Design, Construction and Tests of a Low-Cost Myoelectric Thumb." Technologies 9, no. 3 (September 3, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies9030063.

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Myoelectric signals can be used to control prostheses or exoskeletons as well as robots, i.e., devices assisting the user or replacing a missing part of the body. A typical application of myoelectric prostheses is the human hand. Here, the development of a low-cost myoelectric thumb is described, which can either be used as an additional finger or as prosthesis. Combining 3D printing with inexpensive sensors, electrodes, and electronics, the recent project offers the possibility to produce an individualized myoelectric thumb at significantly lower costs than commercial myoelectric prostheses. Alternatively, a second thumb may be supportive for people with special manual tasks. These possibilities are discussed together with disadvantages of a second thumb and drawbacks of the low-cost solution in terms of mechanical properties and wearing comfort. The study shows that a low-cost customized myoelectric thumb can be produced in this way, but further research on controlling the thumb as well as improving motorization are necessarily to make it fully usable for daily tasks.

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Castañeda-Miranda, Alejandro, and Víctor M. Castaño. "Design and Construction of an Embedded Fuzzy-Optical System to Characterize Metamaterials." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 55, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2018-0026.

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Abstract A fuzzy logic-based embedded system to characterize materials and metamaterials is presented. Trapezoidal and Gaussian profiles, used as membership functions, allow to classify materials despite variations on light intensity. The results on various materials show the capacity of the system to calculate the refractive index as a complex number, through a fourth order equation. Since all the roots of the equarion, including imaginary ones, the system allow to characterize metamaterials. The embedded character of the systems allows to use it as an external module for most commercial equipments.

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Zhao, Heng. "Application of BIM Technology in Data Collection of Large-Scale Engineering Intelligent Construction." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (July 31, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1168579.

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In order to solve the problem of data collection of intelligent construction of large-scale projects, the author proposes the application of BIM technology in the collection of intelligent construction data of large-scale projects; this method proposes to take advantage of the technical advantages of BIM; starting from the needs of the commercial complex operation and management stage, a BIM-based commercial complex operation management model is established, and the application content of this model to improve the efficiency of commercial complex operation and management is studied. The experimental results show that according to the design conditions and the depth of BIM application, the standard elements and variable factors can be divided into 70% and 30%, respectively. Conclusion. BIM can realize the refinement, intelligence, and quality of commercial complex operation.

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Jurgenson, Colby, Debra Fischer, Tyler McCracken, David Sawyer, Matt Giguere, Andrew Szymkowiak, Fernando Santoro, and Gary Muller. "Design and Construction of VUES: The Vilnius University Echelle Spectrograph." Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation 05, no. 02 (May 31, 2016): 1650003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251171716500033.

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In February 2014, the Yale Exoplanet Laboratory was commissioned to design, build, and deliver a high resolution ([Formula: see text]) spectrograph for the 1.65[Formula: see text]m telescope at the Molėtai Astronomical Observatory. The observatory is operated by the Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy at Vilnius University. The Vilnius University Echelle Spectrograph (VUES) is a white-pupil design that is fed via an octagonal fiber from the telescope and has an operational bandpass from 400[Formula: see text]nm to 880[Formula: see text]nm. VUES incorporates a novel modular optomechanical design that allows for quick assembly and alignment on commercial optical tables. This approach allowed the spectrograph to be assembled and commissioned at Yale using lab optical tables and then reassembled at the observatory on a different optical table with excellent repeatability. The assembly and alignment process for the spectrograph was reduced to a few days, allowing the spectrograph to be completely disassembled for shipment to Lithuania, and then installed at the observatory during a 10-day period in June of 2015.

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Xu, Xiao Li, Fang Su, Jing Liang, and Ting Xue. "Research on Space Design in Daqing Commercial Street Based on Ecological and Livable City Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.152.

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Requirements of Daqing ecological and livable city construction were analyzed. The problems of space design in Daqing commercial street including energy-saving, spatial scales, transportation planning, and environmental facilities were analyzed. Space design measures including humane care, high efficiency and low energy-saving, regional expression and diversity space are proposed.

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Huang, Cheng Ming, Wu Xue Jiang, and Yun Qi Yang. "Research on the Database Design of Small and Medium Commercial Bank Credit Management System." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.693.

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The database design is one of three key points for the construction of management information system, which is directly related to the pros and cons of the application systems functional structure, system performance and data safety. In this paper, according to the business operation feature of commercial bank credit management system and combined with the relational database modeling, database design technology and database management operation mechanism, the design key links of commercial bank credit management system was detailed analyzed from the application perspective, and the corresponding solutions were provided.

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Fitzgerald, Brendan, Ilana Danzig, Ross Jardine, and Mehrdad Jahangiri. "Terminus, Vancouver Island: solving a mass timber challenge in a seismic region." Structural Engineer 100, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/bozx8886.

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Martin Zavřel, Vladimír Kindl, Tomáš Kavalír, and Pavel Drábek. "Design and Construction of High-Quality Capacitor for High Frequency and Power Application." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 23, no. 1 (October 27, 2020): C1—C6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2021.1.c1-c6.

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The paper proposes a design and construction of a special plated capacitor exhibiting very good high-frequency characteristics. The capacitor is designed to minimize the parasitic parameters like ESR (equivalent series resistance) and ESL (equivalent series inductance) and to be suitable for power industry applications. The paper describes the fabrication process and discusses technical issues related to technology of manufacturing and assembling. It also provides an experimental verification and the quality evaluation based on frequency characteristics compared to existing commercial high-quality capacitor.

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Poirriez, Catherine, Marine Franceschi, and Yacine Bouzida. "Parametrization, Integration and Buildability: Design and Construction of a 50m Span Freeform Roof in Bangkok." Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2019.202.028.

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Whizdom 101 is a new high-end fully integrated and digital mixed-use development comprising both commercial spaces and residential towers. The centre of the commercial space is covered by the big roof, a 50m span freeform steel roof covered with ETFE, forming an aerated and relaxing space for the pedestrians. Several shapes and structural systems have been explored at early stage of the project to best integrate the roof in its environment. The resulting shape is a quiet and smooth surface providing shade and natural ventilation to the spaces below. Although complex, the geometry was generated to fully take into account the buildability - all the steel members were translated in a language of plates and single radii, comprehensible for the fabricator. Initially made of conical surfaces, the edge beams sections geometry was rationalized through parametric modelling in order to be only made of cylindrical surfaces which are developable and therefore easy to fabricate.

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Domljan, Danijela, and Luka Janković. "Design of Sustainable Modular Wooden Booths Inspired by Revitalization of Croatian Traditional Construction and New User Needs Due to COVID-19 Pandemic." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020720.

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The paper presents the results of the first phase of the student project CROSTAND2, whose main goal is to revitalize the traditional construction techniques of vernacular architecture in the Republic of Croatia by developing modern sustainable prefabricated modular wooden buildings/public booths in accordance with users’ needs and habits. To incorporate conceptual design, the literature on Croatian construction and wood protection, prefabricated modular construction, and public urban spaces was analyzed and field research was conducted. Photo documentation was also collected in the village of Donja Kupčina, Zagreb County, Croatia. An online survey questionnaire on socializing habits in public spaces, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, additionally analyzed new requirements for user-centered design. The obtained results, as well as results from previous project research, were used as a basis and inspiration for the design of a conceptual modular building inspired by traditional wooden joints, modular construction, and the emerging needs of users to socialize safely in a healthy environment. Conceptual solutions for a sustainable modular prefabricated wooden building for public use, intended for public urban and rural areas, have been proposed. Such constructions would ensure the sustainability of enjoying the natural environment for personal, tourist, and commercial purposes with the perpetuation of Croatian heritage building traditions.

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Kincheloe, Mason C., John P. Franke, Christian K. Bach, and Craig R. Bradshaw. "Design of a psychrometric coil testing facility for commercial size heat exchanger coils." International Journal of Refrigeration 121 (January 2021): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2020.10.027.

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Teoh, Seong Lin, Shaiful Ridzwan Bin Sapri, Mohd Rafizul Bin Mohd Yusof, Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya, and Srijit Das. "Construction of an Affordable Open-Design Recirculating Zebrafish Housing System." Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 59, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000167.

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Recently, the zebrafish has gained in popularity as a vertebrate animal model for biomedical research. Commercial zebrafish housing systems are available and are designed to maximize stocking density of fish for a given space, but these systems are expensive and purchasing them may not be feasible for emerging laboratories with limited funding. In this article, we describe the construction of a simple and affordable recirculating zebrafish housing system. This system can be constructed in 3 working days, with materials readily available in hardware stores. The cost for construction of the system was only 3,000 MYR (750 USD). The system consists of a water reservoir, a supply line that delivers water to the shelves holding the zebrafish tanks, and a drainage line that receives water from both the supply line and the shelves containing the fish tanks and returns this water to the reservoir. This system also has a 3-stage filtration process to ensure that clean water is delivered to the zebrafish tank. The system can house up to 360 zebrafish. This low-cost housing system may make research using zebrafish feasible some laboratories.

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Stromgren, Chel. "A Comparison of Alternative Bow Configurations." Marine Technology and SNAME News 32, no. 03 (July 1, 1995): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1995.32.3.224.

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Newport News Shipbuilding (NNS) has been preparing for a reentry into the commercial shipbuilding market for several years. Those preparations resulted in the signing of a contract in October of 1994 with Eletson Corporation for the construction of two (with an option for an additional two)46500 dwt product carriers. This is the first contract for a U.S. shipyard to build commercial ships for a foreign owner in 37 years. In developing the hull form for the standard product carrier Double Eagle, NNS performed studies to determine the economic and hydrodynamic effects of alternative bow configurations on a representative modern, high-block tanker. The objectives of the study were to update the NNS commercial ship speed-power database, investigate the application of state of the art computer software, and create a bow design which strikes a balance between hydrodynamic performance and producibility. To achieve these goals, NNS worked with SAIC to use the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) SLAW software to mathematically analyze several candidate bows. These designs were then model tested at the Swedish State Model Basin in Gothenburg to validate the results of the CFD codes. Construction costs were then estimated for each design and finally, the bow forms were compared on an overall economic basis.

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Zhang, Shuaiqing. "Two-Terminal Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells: from Design to Commercial Prospect." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 27 (December 27, 2022): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v27i.3780.

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Tandem Solar Cells (TSCs) with multi-junction are capable to break the SQ limit and achieve high PCE through absorbing larger range of light wavelength by multiple absorber layers with different band gaps. Perovskite solar cells are ideal light absorbing materials for TSC because of its high PCE, high suitability with other absorbers, low cost and easy fabrication. Perovskite-based TSCs have so far outperformed single-junction devices in PCE, garnering considerable interest from both academia and material industry. In this review, the basic science of perovskite Tandem Solar Cells (PTSCs) is presented, as well as the construction and properties of PSC as a top cell. Then three main types of PTSCs are introduced: Perovskite/Si, Perovskite/CIGS, and Perovskite/Perovskite including their design, challenges and fabrication methods. Finally, the current status and future prospects for commercialization of PTSCs are also discussed. According to recent developments, PTSCs are considered to be one of the most promising solar cells. Research on PTSCs could contribute to the development of desirable clean energy sources in order to solve the energy crisis and environmental problems of human beings.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Commercial construction design'

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