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Journal articles on the topic 'COMMERCIAL BANKS IN INDIA'

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Published: 10 November 2023

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1

R.ILAMATHI, R. ILAMATHI. "Role of Techology Development in Commercial Banks in India." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 9 (October 1, 2011): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/sept2013/26.

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2

Bhatia, Aparna, and Megha Mahendru. "Cost efficiency analysis of scheduled commercial banks: empirical evidence from India." Journal of Management Development 37, no. 7 (August 13, 2018): 586–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-01-2017-0037.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze and evaluate cost efficiency (CE) scores of Indian Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) in India over a period of 22 years, i.e. 1991–1992 to 2012–2013. Design/methodology/approach Data envelopment analysis (DEA) – a non-parametric approach is used to calculate efficiency scores of banks. Further the efficiency scores are decomposed into technical and allocative efficiency. The differences in the efficiency scores across ownership as well as across reformatory and post-reformatory era are examined by applying Panel Tobit Regression. Findings The paper also identifies the reason for cost inefficiency among Indian banks. In addition, the nature of their return to scale of all SCBs has also been evaluated. The results of the paper depict that Indian SCBs have never achieved full CE score of 1 in any of the years of study. The dominant reason identified behind cost inefficiency is allocative inefficiency. Surprisingly, the results also highlight that SCBs exhibit higher CE scores in reformatory era as compared to the post-reformatory era. Originality/value With specific reference to India, even lesser literature is found on CE. Indian banking sector has witnessed many changes on account of liberalization, privatization and globalization (LPG). Before banks adapted to the new environment, the global financial crisis acted as a fuel to fire affecting the performance of banks. Thus, a reassessment over a longer period would help to know a wholistic view of the issue of cost inefficiency, which has always been a troubling factor for Indian banks.
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Datar, M. K. "Liquidity Risk in Commercial Banks in India." Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics 44, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21648/arthavij/2002/v44/i1/115835.

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4

Sangeetha, R., and Chinu Moorarka. "Macroeconomic variables and Commercial banks in India." Asian Journal of Management 10, no. 1 (2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-5763.2019.00005.2.

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Bhatia, Aparna, and Megha Mahendru. "Assessment of revenue efficiency of Indian scheduled commercial banks." International Journal of Law and Management 60, no. 6 (November 12, 2018): 1234–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-04-2017-0084.

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Purpose This paper aims to endeavour to assess revenue efficiency (RE) scores of Scheduled Commercial Banks operating in India. Differences in RE are studied across varying ownership as well. The study also determines the nature of return to scale of Indian SCBs as whole as well as classified across ownership. Number of banks operating as leaders and laggards has also been calculated. Design/methodology/approach RE of banks is calculated by using the non-parametric approach, namely, data envelopment analysis (DEA). Further, the differences in the efficiency scores are examined by applying Panel Tobit Regression. Findings The results of DEA suggest that none of the banks has ever achieved full RE score of 1 in any of the years under study. An inconsistent pattern of RE is seen. Private sector banks have performed better than their counterparts in public and foreign sector. Maximum number of banks operating on decreasing return to scale are from public sector, and the highest number of banks operating on constant return to scale belong to Foreign Sector. More number of banks operates as laggards in the Indian financial system. Thus, there still exists room for improvement for banks in all sectors. Originality/value With specific reference to India, less empirical work has been carried out with respect to RE. As only two studies so far from the literature are available that consider RE exclusively, namely, Ram Mohan and Ray (2004) and Bhatia and Mahendru (2015). However, Ram Mohan and Ray (2004) considered only the reformatory phase, whereas Bhatia and Mahendru (2015) analyzed the performance for specific points of time only. None of the study has been able to give any concrete findings according to sector-wise performance of banks in terms of RE parameters.
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Ibrahim, M. Syed. "Trend of Non-performing Assets (NPAS) of Indian Commercial Banks-An Analysis." International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics 8, no. 5 (August 30, 2019): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31270/ijame/v08/i05/2019/1.

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Banking and financial institutions play a pivotal role in the development of an economy especially in the mobilization and allocation of resources. The sound financial position of a bank is the guarantee not only to its depositors but equally important for the whole economy of any country. Stability of banking sector is considered to be an essential aspect of any country in the world. The banks are lending funds as loans and advances to various sectors such as agriculture, industry, personal and housing and other to meet the productive use of these funds. In recent situations, the banks are facing the problems of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) and the banks need to be very cautious in extending loans to the needy people, the reason being mounting of NPAs. Now -a –days Non-Performing Assets has been the single largest cause of nuisance of the Indian banking sector. Non-Performing Assets are those assets on which the interest or principal have not been paid by the borrower for the specified period in accordance with the directions/guidelines issued by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) which is the Central Bank of India. The paper emphasizes the conceptual framework of Non-Performing Assets known as NPA in the banking sector. It further discusses and analyses the trend of NPAs in the three sectors of banks namely public sector banks, new private sectors banks and foreign banks for the preceding period of ten years (2007-08 to 2016-17). Finally, this study covers the measures to be taken to reduce the menace of NPA in banks. Keywords: Non-Performing Assets, Scheduled Commercial Banks, Advances, Gross NPA, Net NPA.
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Bhatia, Aparna, and Megha Mahendru. "Financial Efficiency Evaluation of Indian Scheduled Commercial Banks." Jindal Journal of Business Research 8, no. 1 (March 24, 2019): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278682118823308.

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The main objective of the article is to analyze and evaluate cost, revenue and profit efficiency scores of Indian scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) in India during 1991–1992 till 2012–2013 by the application of data envelopment analysis (DEA)—a nonparametric approach. The results show that Indian SCBs have profit, revenue and cost efficiency of less than 1 during both the reformatory as well as post-reformatory era depicting that banks are not able to maximize their revenues and minimize their costs simultaneously in order to enhance their net effect. During reformatory and post-reformatory era, SCBs are more efficient in generating revenues and profits rather than in using their resources efficiently reflecting a high level of cost inefficiency. Overall, the results depict that Indian SCBs exhibit higher efficiency scores in reformatory era than in post-reformatory era.
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Singh, Fulbag, and Manpreet Kaur. "Small and Medium Enterprises’ Awareness Regarding Export Credit Delivery System." Management and Labour Studies 39, no. 1 (February 2014): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0258042x14535159.

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Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is a regulating authority for commercial banks. It takes care that consumer interest is not ignored in the greed of making profits by commercial banks. Hence, from time-to-time, it issues guidelines in the form of master circulars to commercial banks on various issues. Commercial banks are required to offer a number of financing products to exporters to meet their varying needs as per RBI guidelines. Exporters can get their finance in Indian rupee or in foreign currency as per their requirements. But as commercial banks are there to make profits, they may not be interested in exporters’ awareness of the products giving lesser profits to the banks. Therefore, in the present study, an effort has been made to analyze the awareness level of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) exporters regarding various forms of export finance issued by commercial banks. Findings revealed a low level of awareness regarding various export financing products among SME exporters. Moreover commercial banks are not implementing RBI guidelines regarding export credit.
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Limbad, Shaileshkumar Jausukhbhai, and Vinod Patel. "Measuring Performance towards Customer Relationship Management Practices in Indian Banking Sector: Study of Conceptual Theories and Focus on Developing CRM Model." Cross Current International Journal of Economics, Management and Media Studies 1, no. 4 (July 18, 2019): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijemms.2019.v01i04.001.

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The intensive competition between retail banks in India and all the banks realized the needs for protecting existing customer base. Maintaining customer relation and build a loyalty has become a business strategy, and banks also realize that customer lifetime value identifies the value of a long-term relationship. This study mainly focused on types of CRM practices deployed in Indian banking sector and the changes needed with evaluation and cut throat competition. It helps to increase the ability to serves customer better and to improve the marketing productivity. It will also help to understand the effectiveness of CRM practices adopted by the various banks. With the theoretical and conceptual background of Customer Relation Management, the present study intends to focus on customers‟ perception towards performance on CRM practices by Indian commercial banks including Public, and Private Sector Banks. There are some research gaps exist in measuring the CRM effectiveness in past; and with special reference to its modern applications in banking organization in present. Many studies done on multiple aspects but dynamic aspects of CRM practices make it older. This research study aims to measure customer perception towards CRM practices apply by various Indian commercial banks, A broad comparison is also attempted between the CRM practices of India‟s top 3 Public Sector Banks and India‟s top 3 Private sector banks. So that here researcher tries to evaluate different models and relationship between different service parameters of CRM
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Babu, Dr O. Hari, A. Srinivasulu, and Dr R. V. S. S. Nagabhushana Rao. "Statistical Analysis of Priority Sector Credit By Commercial Banks in India." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (August 31, 2018): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd15812.

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11

Inoue, Takeshi. "Financial inclusion and poverty reduction in India." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-01-2018-0012.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impacts of financial development through commercial banks on poverty conditions in India. Design/methodology/approach Using unbalanced panel data for Indian states and union territories from 1973 to 2004, and applying the generalized method of moments estimation, the author estimates models in which the poverty ratio is explained by financial inclusion and financial deepening for public sector banks and private sector banks, respectively. Findings The results show that financial inclusion and deepening have statistically significant negative relationships with the poverty ratio for public sector banks, but not for private sector banks. In addition, the coefficients of the interaction term between financial inclusion and deepening are estimated to be negative and statistically significant in most cases of public sector banks. Considering the positive impacts of financial inclusion and deepening on poverty reduction, this result implies that promoting breadth and depth of public sector banks could have a synergistic effect on poverty reduction in India. Originality/value First, unlike previous studies, the author applies both the numbers of bank branches and accounts as the measure of accessibility and usage of banking services. Second, using the interaction term between financial inclusion and deepening, the author empirically analyzes whether, and to what extent, the breadth and depth of the banking sector interact with each other in the process of poverty reduction. Third, the author divide the Indian commercial banks into public sector banks and private sector banks and compares their impacts of financial inclusion and deepening on poverty conditions.
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Dawar, Gaurav, and Swati Goyal. "OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE & RISK IN INDIAN BANKS: A COMPARISON OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC BANKS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 1, no. 1 (May 30, 2012): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v1i1.1453.

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Banking sector is one of dominant sector and represents growth and development of the economy. The sector has been one of the top performers in stock market. Indian Stock Market experienced great volatility during the period of 2007-2008. The study is about the ownership structure and risk in Indian banks which they encountered during the period of slow down in India. This paper examines the effect of ownership on performance and risk of commercial banks in India during the period 2000-2009. The study would examine whether there exists any significant difference in the performance and risk among Public and sector banks and effort has been made to evaluate the performance of bank before and after the period of 2007-2008 to evaluate and understand the ground reality in Indian banking sector. The study investigated that whether any significant difference exists in the performance and risk of ownership groups of private & public banks in India. Regression results would be used to examine the association between the size of the banks and non-performing loans, and between demand deposits & risky loans.
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13

Sharifi, Sirus, Arunima Haldar, and S. V. D. Nageswara Rao. "The relationship between credit risk management and non-performing assets of commercial banks in India." Managerial Finance 45, no. 3 (March 11, 2019): 399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-06-2018-0259.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of credit risk components on the performance of credit risk management and the growth in non-performing assets (NPAs) of commercial banks in India. Design/methodology/approach The data are obtained from primary and secondary sources. The primary data are collected by administering questionnaire among risk managers of Indian banks. The secondary data on NPAs of Indian banks are from annual reports and Prowess database compiled by the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy. Multiple linear regression is used to estimate the models for the study. Findings The results suggest that the identification of credit risk significantly affects the credit risk performance. The results are robust as credit risk identification is negatively related to annual growth in NPAs or loans. There is evidence in support of a priori expectation of better credit risk performance of private banks compared to that of government banks. Practical implications The study has implications for Indian banks suffering from a high level of losses due to bad loans. In addition, it will have implications for the implementation of new Basel Accord norms (Basel III) by the Reserve Bank of India. Social implications The high and rising level of NPAs will have adverse consequences for credit flow in the economy in the absence of appropriate intervention by government and central bank in the form of changes in institutional and regulatory infrastructure. The problems in banking and financial services sector will lead to lower industrial and aggregate economic growth, and lower (or negative) growth in employment. Originality/value There is little evidence on credit risk management practices of Indian banks, and its relationship with credit risk performance and NPA growth. The need for an effective risk management system to manage credit risk assumes importance and urgency in the context of high and rising NPAs of Indian banks, and the consequences for the Indian economy.
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Yuvaraja, U., B. Gururaja, and K. Sampreetha. "Development of Commercial Banks during Pre and Post Globalization Era in India: An Analysis." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v7i1.371.

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Banking is an old business and a central pillar of Indian society. Money lending activities in India had traced back to the Vedic period (according to Central Banking Enquiry Committee-1931). The professional banking system existed long ago- Manu Murthy, Kautilya’s Arthashastra- in India. Initial stage growth of Indian banks was very sluggish and also experienced episodic failure between 1913 and 1948. The banking sector in the pre-reform period was experienced poor performance and caught into deep crisis due to excessive loans in comparison to total deposits having a ratio more than 50 per cent consisting of about 90 per cent of all commercial banks which posed a significant threat to the stability and transparency of the financial system. During those days, the public had lesser confidence in the banks. Government at this juncture decided to introduce comprehensive economic reforms. Environmental and regulatory changes have made this sector more competitive and improved the health of the Indian banking sector. The study's main purpose is to analyse the growth of India scheduled commercial banks during pre and post-globalisation period in three phases viz., a)Early Phase of growth of the CBS: 1936-1969, b) Period of Social Control:1967 -1991 and c)Phase of Globalization:1991-2018. The present study is based on, purely, secondary data.
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Bhati, Shyam, Anura De Zoysa, and Wisuttorn Jitaree. "Factors affecting the liquidity of commercial banks in India: a longitudinal analysis." Banks and Bank Systems 14, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.14(4).2019.08.

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This paper examines the long-term effect of various regulatory, bank-specific and macroeconomic factors on the determination of liquidity in Indian banks. For this purpose, the study uses a random effect panel data regression model and tests it with data on Indian banks for 21 years, covering the period from 1996 to 2016. The model considers the effect of regulatory factors, cash reserve ratio, and statutory liquidity, and incorporates four different liquidity ratios specific to the Indian banking scenario. The results of the analysis show contrasting relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variables measured by four liquidity ratios.It is interesting to note that Indian banks rely more on asset-based liquidity and less on liability-based liquidity. More specifically, the most important liquidity ratio of L1 (liquid assets to total assets ratio) showed a significant relationship with macroeconomic variables of discount rates, call rates, foreign exchange reserve, exchange rate with US dollar, consumer price index and gross domestic product. L1 also showed a significant relationship with bank-specific variables of capital to total assets and bank size. However, the regulatory factors of cash reserve ratio and profitability determined by return on equity (ROE) and non-performing assets were not found to have any effect on liquidity of Indian banks.
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Bhatia, Aparna, and Megha Mahendru. "Revenue efficiency analysis of scheduled commercial banks in a dynamic environment." Indian Growth and Development Review 8, no. 2 (November 9, 2015): 184–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-04-2015-0015.

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Purpose – The paper aims to analyze the revenue efficiency (RE) of Scheduled Commercial Banks in India. The study also determines the nature of Return to Scale (RTS) of banks and thereby identifies the leaders and laggards in the Indian Banking Sector. Design/methodology/approach – RE of banks is calculated by using the non-parametric approach, namely, data envelopment analysis. Further, the efficiency scores are decomposed into technical and allocative efficiency. Findings – Public Sector Banks have higher RE as compared to their counterparts in private and foreign sectors. The choice of operating on incorrect scale is identified as the primary reason of inefficiency. It is suggested that banks should expand their business by opening new branches and also try to increase their customer base. Overall, it is seen that trends in RE are somewhat affected by the dynamism in the environment along with the bank-specific factors. Originality/value – With specific reference to India, less empirical work has been carried out with respect to RE. None of the studies has identified that revenue inefficiency is caused either by mispricing of outputs or giving wrong choice of outputs.
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Mahendru, Megha, and Aparna Bhatia. "Cost, revenue and profit efficiency analysis of Indian scheduled commercial banks." International Journal of Law and Management 59, no. 3 (May 8, 2017): 442–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-01-2016-0008.

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Purpose This paper aims to analyze the cost, revenue and profit efficiency performance of Indian scheduled commercial banks. The study also determines differences if any related to efficiency among banks on the basis of ownership pattern. Design/methodology/approach Cost, revenue and profit efficiency of banks is calculated by using the non-parametric approach, namely, data envelopment analysis. Further, the differences in the efficiency scores are examined by applying analysis of variance. Findings Indian scheduled commercial banks have not been able to maintain their input-output synchronization in terms of cost, revenue and profits in the year 2012-2013. Foreign sector banks have higher cost and profit efficiency as compared to their counterparts in private and public sector, whereas public sector banks are found to have been more revenue efficient. Originality/value With specific reference to India, less empirical work has been carried out with respect to cost, revenue and profit efficiency. None of the studies have evaluated the sector-wise performance of banks in terms of all three efficiency parameters.
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Maji, Santi Gopal, and Utpal Kumar De. "Regulatory capital and risk of Indian banks: a simultaneous equation approach." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 7, no. 2 (May 5, 2015): 140–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-06-2014-0038.

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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the association between regulatory capital and risk of Indian commercial banks and the impacts of other relevant variables on them. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on a secondary data set on Indian commercial banks collected from “Capitaline Plus” corporate database and annual reports of the respective banks. Total 41 major Indian banks (21 public and 20 private sector banks) are considered in this study. Here absolute values of capital and risk are used as dependent variables along with some relevant bank specific explanatory variables in a system of a two-equation model. Based on the nature of interrelationship and identifiability of the equations, three-stage least squares (3SLS) technique is used to estimate the relationship. Findings – Risk and capital of Indian commercial banks are inversely associated. The influence of profitability on both capital and risk is significantly positive. Moreover, human capital efficiency is negatively associated with the undertaking of risk by the banks. In this respect, Indian private sector banks are found to be more efficient in utilizing human capital for reducing credit risk. Originality/value – It is the first comparative study in India examining the relationship between capital and risk of Indian public and private sector commercial banks covering both Basel I and II periods. Further, the role of human resource in managing risk is considered as a relevant variable in this study.
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Mohanty, Seba, and Jitendra Mahakud. "Causal Nexus Between Liquidity Creation and Bank Capital Ratio: Evidence from India." Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 15, no. 2 (May 2021): 205–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973801021990399.

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This study investigates the interrelationship between bank capital and liquidity creation in the Indian banking sector. The sample considers 68 commercial banks (public, private and foreign banks) operating in India during the period from 1996–1997 to 2013–2014. We employ the generalised method of moments technique in a Granger causality framework and find a bidirectional relationship between bank capital and liquidity creation for the entire sample. Our results support the financial fragility–crowding-out hypothesis, which suggests that Indian banks follow a fragile financial structure to maximise liquidity creation and increase their capital ratio by crowding out deposits to limit liquidity creation. Our results also support the liquidity substitution hypothesis, which suggests that stable liabilities can be substituted for bank capital, while facing more risk. We find similar results with the whole sample regardless of ownership, size, capitalisation and periods. These findings have implications for bank managers and policymakers on formulating appropriate policy for capital and liquidity creation of commercial banks in India. JEL Codes: G20, G21, G33
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RAMACHANDRAN, Dr R. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS OF SCHEDULED COMMERCIAL BANKS IN INDIA." YMER Digital 21, no. 03 (March 25, 2022): 374–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.03/40.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore various motivations of Merger and Acquisitions activities in Indian banking sector. It is also compared pre and post-merger financial performance of merged banks with the help of financial parameters like net profit to total income, net profit to working capital, return on assets and return on equity which includes profitability analysis, current ratio and liquidity ratio which includes liquidity analysis. The study covers the area of performance evaluation of Merger and Acquisitions in Indian banking sector during the period from 1999-2000 to 2019-2020. The researcher want to use in this study was paired t-test to find out the significant relationship between the profitability and liquidity performance of pre and post- Merger and Acquisitions of select scheduled commercial banks in India. The study conclude that the banks have been no greater changes when compare with pre- Merger and Acquisitions period
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Mani, Mukta, and Rachit Agarwal. "Payment Banks in India." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.297851.

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Payment banking system has been established in India with the main objective of financial inclusion and promotion of digital transactions. After 2 to 3 years of their coming into picture, the model is being criticized on various grounds. Studies imply that the payment banks are struggling to succeed because of tough competition with commercial banks and their basic structure. This study is an attempt to analyze the position of payment banks on the basis of customers perception. A primary survey has been carried out through a well-structured questionnaire. The results put forward that customers adore payment banks for their easy, convenience, safety and speed. The male and female users of young and middle age are equally liking and using the payment banks. They widely use these banks for making mobile recharge; ticket booking and bill payments etc. but they don’t use them for all their banking transactions. This study provides an insight into the ground realities related to payment banks. Thus it might be useful for Payment bankers and policymakers for their future decision making.
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Budhedeo, Shradha H. "An Assessment of Profitability and Efficiency of Commercial Banks in India." Asian Journal of Managerial Science 7, no. 2 (August 5, 2018): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2018.7.2.1314.

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Efficiency and stability of the banking sector is a pre-requisite to economic growth of the nation. The banking industry has undergone phenomenal transformation over the past six decades since independence. Banks have shifted from traditional methods of banking to newer modern systems. This has led to impressive growth of commercial banks in India. In the year 2007, financial crisis loomed over the global economy with severe adverse effects on many western economies. In comparison, India stood poised as the fastest growing emerging market economy in the face of turmoil and pessimism. Although India stood strong, many banks started witnessing a change in their growth path during the post global financial crisis period. The public sector banks witnessed major setbacks with decline in their financial performance. In this light, the objective of the study is defined; so as to determine the role of efficiency and profitability indicators on the performance of bank groups. The findings of the study reveal that foreign banks have shown outstanding profitability performance and excellent management efficiency. It is the private sector banks that have outperformed the competing bank groups in terms of earning efficiency. Public sector banks have lagged behind with deteriorating profitability and efficiencies during the analysis period.
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Kumar Basu, Udayan. "Banking in India." Foreign Trade Review 40, no. 2 (July 2005): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515050202.

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Commercial banks play a very important role in the economy of any country. They constitute the most useful intermediary in the financial markets, who have a vital role in ensuring the efficacy of all monetary and fiscal measures. Their continued good health and sustained viability are therefore of immense significance for any economy. Measures to ensure their well-being are of paramount importance in order to maintain a high level of investor confidence. In India, financial liberalization has opened up new vistas for the commercial banks and they can now operate as universal banks offering, under one roof, all kinds of financial services including project financing and leasing. Besides, banks are allowed to go in for investment in securities also. However, the guidelines for direct lending have not been touched so far. Consequently, there are restrictions on the ways in which banks in India can deploy their available resources. In this article, an analysis has been carried out to show how such structural restrictions translate into what is often termed as interest rate rigidities for banks. How the loan losses impact on their interest spread as well as the urgent need to improve the framework for recovery of banks' NPAs has also been gone into. Moreover, the scope for moral hazards in banks, which are limited liability entities, has been explored and need for efficient risk management as well as effective risk-based supervision for ensuring their sustained viability has been analyzed and commented upon. A cut-off risk for bankable projects has also been worked out. The findings are interesting because the analysis takes into account the real life constraints faced by the banking sector and the results reflect the realities of this sector.
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Shetty, Chetan, and Anitha S. Yadav. "Impact of Financial Risks on the Profitability of Commercial Banks in India." Shanlax International Journal of Management 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/management.v7i1.550.

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The Indian banking sector is exposed to various types of risks which arise from both the external and internal environments. Banks long-term sustainability and financial feasibility are vulnerable financial risk. Credit risk, operationalrisk, marketrisk, and liquidity risk stances a major challenge, despite growth in the banking system. This study examines the relationship between profitability and financial risks of 43 Indian commercial banks for the period of 11 years, (2008 to 2018). The quantitative research design was adopted in this study and the profitability measures that have been used in this study are the Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) while the financial risks are Interest Rate Risk (IRR) and Foreign Exchange Risk (FER). In this study, Time- Series Cross-Sectional secondary balanced panel data regression analysis of fixed effect and random effect model have been implemented. The findings of the study indicated that the relationship between ROE and IRR were found to be weakly significant, and on ROA the effect of IRR is significant for all the commercial banks. On both profitability measures, the FER was found to have an insignificant impact. The study concludes that there exists an inverse relationship between banks profitability and financial risk. Hence, the commercial banks in India together with the bank supervisors should make a trade-off between profitability and financial risk.
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ZHU, Nan, and Huajie ZHANG. "A Comparative Analysis of Operational Efficiency between Chinese and Indian Commercial Banks." Central European Review of Economics and Management 2, no. 3 (September 27, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29015/cerem.535.

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Aim:The objective of this paper is to make comparative analysis on operational efficiency between Chinese and Indian commercial banks (CBs). Design / Research methods: Following the previous scholars’ study, two models with different sets of input and output variables have been used to show how efficiency scores vary with change in inputs and outputs. The efficiency scores are measured by using data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Conclusions / findings: The mean technical efficiency score of Chinese CBs is always relatively higher than the corresponding score of Indian CBs in 2012-2013, respectively. In terms of technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency, the performance of foreign banks in China is always relatively lower than that of foreign banks in India. Originality / value of the article: While many similar studies have evaluated the performance of banking industries in different countries, very few studies have evaluated the performance of banking sectors between Chinese and Indian economies. The paper would be of interest for OR scholars and practitioners in financial industry. Implications of the research (if applicable): The next step of this study could collect more samples and use Malmquist index method to conduct further study on efficiency, efficiency changing and productivity, in order to conduct further competitive power analysis on both of banking industries of China and India.
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Krishnaswamy, Sai Preethi. "MACROECONOMIC FACTORS, CORRUPTION, NPAS IN 4 PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS: A CROSS STUDY." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 766–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i1.197.

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Banks play a vital role in economic development and growth of a country. A sound and healthy financial institution ensures overall stability of the system. Commercial and cooperative banks together constitute the Indian Banking System. Commercial Banks account for more than 90% of the banking sector’s assets. The public sector banks account for a substantial part of the banking activity in India. The growth in banking sector has been burdened and hindered by increasing non-performing assets. In this paper, we aim to understand the influence of macroeconomic factors such as GDP per capita, Real Interest rates and inflation along with some bank factors such as bank size, diversification of assets and priority sector lending on NPAs of four PSBs - Punjab National Bank, Andhra Bank, Corporation Bank and Indian Bank. This paper also aims to understand whether corruption could be a determinant for NPAs in these banks.
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Bhattacharjee, Sudarshan, and Hariprasad Chic Govinda. "Commercial Banks’ Performance in India during Sub-Prime Meltdown." Asian Journal of Research in Banking and Finance 5, no. 6 (2015): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7323.2015.00074.7.

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Jha, Dilip Kumar. "Performance of commercial banks in current scenario in India." Asian Journal of Research in Banking and Finance 7, no. 4 (2017): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7323.2017.00020.7.

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Narayanaswamy, T., and A. P. Muthulakshmi. "Productivity and Cost Efficiency of Commercial Banks in India." Indian Journal of Finance 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/ijf/2016/v10i1/85839.

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Singh, Harjinder. "Deregulation and Technical Efficiency of Commercial Banks in India." Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management 5, no. 2 (2015): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7307.2015.00031.6.

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Tripathi, Dr Jai Prakash. "The Practices of HRM in Commercial Banks in India." IOSR Journal of Business and Management 19, no. 03 (March 2017): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/487x-1903014346.

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Venugopal, Nithin, and Benson Kunjukunju. "Corporate Social Responsibility Practices of Commercial Banks in India." HuSS: International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15613/hijrh/2017/v4i2/167548.

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33

Bajaj, Ritu, and Anshu . "A study on Factors affecting Financial performance of Indian Banking Sector." Journal of Business Management and Information Systems 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/jbmis.2021.0702002.

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In India there are different sectors which play the major role of accelerator in the growth of Indian economy. In this study, the area of focus is financial transactions sector specially banking sector which plays a momentous role in the economic growth by regulating and controlling the demand for and supply of money. The Indian banking sector supports the fastest growing economy of the world but it is grappling with multiple challenges. This research work analyzes the different variables that affect the financial performance of scheduled commercial banks in India and establish the relationship between selected macroeconomic variables and financial performance indicator. It also highlights the role of banking in changing economic scenario of India. The present study is empirical by nature. Descriptive cum exploratory research design has been used in this study. It has been found that GDP, CPI, exchange rate and lending interest rates are significant macroeconomic variables for determining the financial performance of scheduled commercial banks in India. It has been revealed that long term relationship exists between the selected macroeconomic variables and financial performance variables.
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Mohanty, Shiba Prasad, Ashish Mahendra, and Santosh Gopalkrishnan. "“Soar” or “Sore”." International Journal of Information Technology Project Management 13, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitpm.313662.

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The study examines the factors affecting the performances of the Indian banking sector, especially after the global financial crisis. The sample constitutes a total of 33 scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) that were operative in India during the period extending from 2002 to 2016 by employing a panel data model. It also reports that leverage and management efficiency as internal determinants do have a significant impact, while inflation as an external determinant affects the bank's profitability. The Indian banking industry has been less affected by the influence of external factors as compared to profitability.
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35

Sreekanth, P. V., and K. B. Kiran. "Adoption of Digital Financial Services and the Performance of Commercial Banks in India – A Camel Rating System Approach." Review of Finance and Banking 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/rfb.15.01.03.

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This paper is dealing with the adoption of digital financial services on the performance of commercial banks in India. The study used camel rating system to measure pre and post adoption performance of commercial banks. The reports says that Indian banks are widely adopted digital financial services during the year 2012-13. Hence, 2004-05 to 2011-12 considered as pre adoption period and 2012-13 to 2019-20 considered as post adoption period for the data analysis. 44 banks were selected for the study based on the data availability. 15 camel ratios were identified and paired t-test used for analysis. The study found that most of the CAMEL (capital adequacy, assets, management capability, earnings, liquidity) variables are found significant to improve the financial performance of banks. The coefficient of digital financial services variables is found to be significant. This indicates that facilities of digital banking could enhance the financial performance of banks.
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Sreekanth, P. V., and K. B. Kiran. "Adoption of Digital Financial Services and the Performance of Commercial Banks in India – A Camel Rating System Approach." Review of Finance and Banking 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/rfb.23.15.01.03.

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This paper is dealing with the adoption of digital financial services on the performance of commercial banks in India. The study used camel rating system to measure pre and post adoption performance of commercial banks. The reports says that Indian banks are widely adopted digital financial services during the year 2012-13. Hence, 2004-05 to 2011-12 considered as pre adoption period and 2012-13 to 2019-20 considered as post adoption period for the data analysis. 44 banks were selected for the study based on the data availability. 15 camel ratios were identified and paired t-test used for analysis. The study found that most of the CAMEL (capital adequacy, assets, management capability, earnings, liquidity) variables are found significant to improve the financial performance of banks. The coefficient of digital financial services variables is found to be significant. This indicates that facilities of digital banking could enhance the financial performance of banks.
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37

Swamy, Vighneswara. "Estimating the Basel III Capital Requirement for Indian Banks." Applied Economics Quarterly: Volume 64, Issue 3 64, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 253–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/aeq.64.3.253.

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Abstract The study estimates the Basel-III capital requirement for Indian banks employing the methodology incorporating the reported tier-1, tier-2 capital, total capital and risk-weighted assets (RWAs) sourced from the Basel disclosures made by the banks on their websites. In order to understand the strategy and the response of different bank groups based on their ownership styles, this study, groups the banks into scheduled commercial banks, public sector banks group, and private banks and considers the data for the period 2002 – 2011. The results suggest that with an assumed growth of RWAs at 10%, banks in India would require additional minimum tier-1 capital of INR 2.51 trillion. With an assumed RWAs growth at 12% and 15%, the requirement would be in the order of INR 3.36 trillion and INR 4.74 trillion respectively. JEL classifications: E44, E61, G2, G21, G28 Keywords: Basel III, capital and liquidity, commercial banks, capital, countercyclical capital buffers, financial (in)stability
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Bansal, Monika, and Sneha . "A Study on Indian Rural Banking Industry - Issues and Challenges." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 2, no. 2 (2014): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.221434.

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Rural banking in India started since the establishment of banking sector in India. Rural Banks in those days mainly focused upon the agro sector. Rural India contributes a major chunk to the economy every year. Today, commercial banks and Regional Rural Banks in India are touching every corner of the country and are extending a helping hand in the growth process of the rural sector in the country. To give this sector a stronghold on finance and to enable economic independence, rural banks have special offerings that extend credit facilities to small farmers, agricultural labors and cottage industry entrepreneurs.
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Aggarwal, Tanu, and Priya Solomon. "A study on the mediating effect of residential loans on total real estate loans of banks in India." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 37, no. 5 (August 5, 2019): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-03-2019-0034.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of residential and commercial loans on total real estate sector loans by using partial least square–structured equation modelling (PL–SEM) method. The residential loans as a mediator have been used to know the mediation effect between commercial and total real estate loans of banks in India. The residential loans as a mediator govern the relationship between commercial loans and total real estate loans in India. Real estate sector development is a lucrative opportunity for India. The real estate sector plays a major role in shaping economic conditions of the individuals, firms and family. Design/methodology/approach The research is descriptive in nature. The study on residential loans, commercial loans and total real estate loans has been taken into consideration, and on the other hand the measurement and structural model have been employed to the study the impact of residential loans and commercial loans on total real estate loans in India by using PL–SEM. The residential loans as a mediator have been taken to study the mediation effect of the relationship between commercial loans and total real estate loans in India. Findings The outcome of the structural model that is bootstrapping technique shows that there is an impact of residential and commercial loans by public and private sector banks on total real estate sector development in India. The residential loans show the full mediation effect between commercial loans and total real estate loans as the value of variation accounted for (VAF) is more than 1.93 which shows residential loans govern the nature of variable between commercial loans and total real estate loans. Practical implications The public and private sector banks are contributing to the real estate sector development in India which increases the economic growth of the country. The mediation analysis shows that residential loans are an important aspect between commercial and total real estate loans in India as the demand for residential housing is more in India. The increasing role of banks in the real estate sector strengthens the financial capability in the real estate sector market, and the property buyers will able to purchase more property which leads to increasing demand for real estate sector. Originality/value The research paper is original, and PL–SEM has been used to find the results.
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40

Ibrahim, P. A. "Commercial bank finance for SMEs and credit portfolio of commercial banks in India." International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management 24, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijicbm.2021.117885.

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41

Ibrahim, P. A. "Commercial bank finance for SMEs and credit portfolio of commercial banks in India." International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management 24, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijicbm.2021.117885.

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42

Ibrahim, P. A. "Commercial Bank Finance for SMEs and Credit Portfolio of Commercial Banks in India." International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management 1, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijicbm.2020.10034077.

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43

Bhattacharjee, Sourindra, Bhupat M. Desai, and Gopal Naik. "Viability of Rural Banking by the Nationalized Commercial Nationalized Commercial Banks in India." Indian Economic Journal 47, no. 1 (September 1999): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466219990103.

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44

Acharya, Krishna Prasad. "Impact of Merger on Financial Performance of Nepalese Commercial Bank." Journal of Balkumari College 9, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbkc.v9i1.30093.

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Mergers and Acquisitions have become the most widely used business strategy of restructuring and strong financial institution to achieve competitiveness, to ensure long term existence with suitable profitability, to forge entering in new markets, and to ascertain the capital base etc. Specially, the merger law policy-2068 and monetary policy 2072 issued by Nepal Rastra Bank, the regulatory body of banks in Nepal, have been experienced as the most effective weapons for merger and acquisition in Nepalese Banking industry. This study makes an attempt to the latest Monetary Policy lays down measures meant to encourage banks to merge. By Shrawan 2076, commercial banks are required to maintain an average interest rate spread (the difference between rates on loans and deposits) of 4.4 percent from the current 4.5 percent; banks that complete mergers and acquisitions by that time will get a one-year extension. Also, by Shrawan 2076, commercial banks are required to float at least 25 percent of their paid-up capital in debentures; banks that decide to tie the knot by that deadline will get a one-year reprieve. A merged bank also does not have to seek Nepal Rastra Bank's approval to open new branches. Currently, the board of directors, CEOs and deputy CEOs are required to abide by a cooling-off period of six months during which they cannot join another bank. This restriction will not apply to executives of a merged bank. The argument for mergers and acquisitions go something like this. There are just too many banks and financial institutions in Nepal. As of Ashad 2076, there were 28 commercial banks (Class A), 32 development banks (Class B), 24 finance companies (Class C) and 91 micro-credit companies (Class D). Conceivably, larger banks should be able to fund large infrastructure projects individually. The existence of larger Nepali banks could also make it easier for them to branch into India. Bigger Nepali banks will be able to compete with foreign banks better on Nepali soil.
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45

Bhattacharyya, Surajit, and Ankit Chatri. "Efficiency of Indian Commercial Banks." Indian Economic Journal 60, no. 3 (October 2012): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466220120302.

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46

Ayyappan, S., and M. SakthiVadivel. "Financial Efficacy of Selected Public and Private Sector Banks in India." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 2, no. 2 (April 21, 2013): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v2i2.143.

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The banks in India have over 67,000 branches located across the country. All these are classified into two major categories, nonscheduled banks and scheduled banks. Scheduled banks includes commercial banks and the co-operative banks. The public sector banks are accountable for more than 78 percent of total banking industry in India. Even though private sector banks came later into the market, due to their customer servicing and easy banking features they are also competing equally with already existing public sector banks. so it is very essential to analyze how their financial performance is influenced by number of factors which willfurther suggest them where they need to concentrate more. in this article we have analyzed the correlation between return on total assets and other financial variables of selected private and public banks in India.
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47

Bhatia, Aparna, and Megha Mahendru. "Cost Efficiency Vis-à-Vis Revenue Efficiency Analysis of Indian Scheduled Commercial Banks in a Dynamic Environment." NMIMS Management Review 29, no. 02 (April 12, 2021): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53908/nmmr.290204.

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The paper endeavours to analyze Cost Efficiency vis-à-visRevenue Efficiency of Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) as well as across ownership in India. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been employed to calculate the efficiency scores of SCBs over five points of time i.e. 2000-01, 2004-05, 2008- 09, 2012-13 and 2016-17. The differences in the efficiency scores are examined by applying Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results of Cost and Revenue Efficiency of Indian Scheduled Commercial Banks highlight that the highest level of inefficiency subsist on the cost side as Scheduled Commercial Banks have higher Revenue Efficiency scores in comparison to Cost Efficiency scores. Cost Efficiency across ownership shows that Public Sector Banks have higher Cost Efficiency in 2000-01. Private Sector Banks are cost efficient in 2004-05 while Foreign Sector Banks show higher Cost Efficiency scores in 2008-09, 2012-13 and 2016-17. Revenue Efficiency scores shows that Public Sector Banks have higher scores as compared to Private and Foreign Sector Banks in the 2000-01 and 2004-05. Foreign Sector Banks are revenue efficient in 2008-09 and 2016-17 with Private Sector Banks taking the lead in 2012-13. The results of ANOVA reveal that there exists a statistically significant difference in Cost Efficiency and Revenue Efficiency among banks in different sectors over different points of time.
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48

Shanmugam, RM, and M. Chandran. "A relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in e-banking services- a study with reference to commercial banks in Chennai City." International Journal of Professional Business Review 7, no. 3 (October 14, 2022): e0490. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2022.v7i3.0490.

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Purpose: This paper's main aim is to validate the service quality dimensions offered by commercial banks in the study area and the relationship between service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction provided by commercial banks. Theoretical Framework: In India, three categories of commercial banks are the public sector, private sector, and foreign banks. These banks have heavy competition among themselves in maximising their customer base. Design/Methodology/Approach: The researcher collected 600 responses through convenience sampling. Applied exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, regression analysis and structural equation model to conclude that service quality of electronic banking service is not a unique phenomenon. Findings: E-Banking depends upon the five essential factors: reliability, safety and security, assurance, technological augmentation, and quickness since the electronic banking services offered by commercial banks are entirely based on the Internet process. Research, Practical & Social Implications: The study identifies the customer requirements and how commercial banks could satisfy such requirements with their banking strategies. Also, the study identifies whether any demographic difference exists among the customers of commercial banks in perceiving the quality of e-banking services.
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Birajdar, Bhaskar. "Voyage of Indian Banking Sector: 1979-2007." Journal of Global Economy 6, no. 4 (October 31, 2010): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v6i4.64.

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Observing through the voyage of India Banking Sector, it could be concluded that Indian banking system is operating under competitive state of affairs and earns revenues as if under monopolistic competition, despite not depending on traditional source of fund in the form of deposits as profitability, i.e., return on assets are increasing and approaching towards industry ratio. But still foreign banks functioning in India are on a higher plane with respect to its performance in comparison with other bank groups. Costs of deposits and return on advances of all scheduled commercial banks have declined in the post reform period. However, return on advances was approaching closer to industry average showing competition amongst the banks in making profit on the interest rate front.
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50

Bi, Zohra, and Shyam Lal Dev Pandey. "COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS WITH COMMERCIAL BANKS IN INDIA." Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 01, no. 06 (January 8, 2012): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52283/nswrca.ajbmr.20110106a12.

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Microfinance in India has been viewed as a development tool which would alleviate poverty and enhance growth of the country through financial inclusion. Out of 6 lakh villages in India, only approximately 50000 have access to finance. India is a country which has the highest number of households which are excluded from banking. With the Andhra crisis of microfinance institutions and issues that microfinance institutions have a mission drift, the aim of the paper is to study the performance and efficiency of microfinance. A sample of microfinance institutions in India have been selected based on their ratings given by microfinance information exchange (MIX) for the study. The performance of these sample MFIs as well as their performance with respect to commercial banks in India have been studied using statistically tools. A microfinance institution is measured for financial sustainability based on its good financial accounts and the recognized accounting practices they follow according to Meyer (2002). Data for the microfinance institutions have been collected from Microfinance information exchange (MIX) where few of the MFIs have started reported their financial data. The MIX has classified the MFIs based on various parameters such as level of disclosure, financial parameters etc and rated them accordingly. Out of the 88 MFIs in India reported on MIX, 24 MFIs are taken as samples, these samples taken were five star rated by MIX. The financial parameters of these MFIs are studied and compared with the financial parameters of commercial banks and their financial performance can be analyzed. The various parameters taken for analyzing the financial performance of MFIs and banks include: Financial structure, Profitability and Efficiency.
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