Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Commercial activities'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Commercial activities.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Commercial activities.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Vitale, Salvatore. "Commercial outer space activities." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200798.
Full textAbstract:
The history of the Law of the space. Commercial space actions under the conditions of the corpus iuris spatialis. The Law of space, private enterprise and private property. Communications via satellite. Space transportation. Intellectual property rights and outer space activities. Commercialization of outer space and insurances.
2
Yoder, Elliott Cory. "Commercial style market research for Navy activities." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA277038.
Full text
3
Gouesse, Emmanuel. "Responsibility in international law for commercial space activities." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31160.
Full textAbstract:
Space activities are increasingly undertaken by private companies. Space law, however, was mainly developed in the beginning of the space age, at a time where space activities were predominantly state activities. The rules that developed were thus focusing on the duties of states and concerned private entities only through the intermediary of states.This thesis explores the applicable principles of space law and of the international law of responsibility. Taking into account the recent practice of private companies engaged in space business, the work also focuses both on its impact on the responsibility and liability regime as well as on the legal efficiency of the links between private entities and states.
In conclusion, the thesis makes several recommendations to improve the responsibility regime for space activities.
4
Hörl, Kay-Uwe. "Legal aspects of risks involved in commercial space activities." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19485.
Full textAbstract:
Deregulation, globalization, and commercialization are drastically changing the space industry. But commercial space activities entail considerable risks. This thesis is primarily an analysis of the risks that private entities in the space industry need to manage in order to be commercially successful. Due to the trend towards a buyer's market, satellite manufacturers increasingly have been forced to accept risks that do not fall within their traditional core business. Consequently, manufacturing companies become risk managers for a variety of legal space risks. Therefore, the legal framework for the commercial management of legal risks is analyzed and solutions to identified problems are offered. This thesis studies trends in contemporary risk management practices in the private sector, which is dominated by market forces. It is argued that risk management of legal issues should form an integral part of overall space project management, the rationale being that losses in any phase of space activities, while certain to occur, are uncertain in time and scale. This thesis, therefore, scrutinizes legal risk management throughout the life cycle of space projects. Few space applications have become commercially viable. Today, satellite navigation provided by the U.S. GPS is widely used, especially because it is free of direct charges. In Europe, a competing system, Galileo, is being developed. It will provide users with different service levels, ranging from free services to more reliable and accurate navigation services. As this system has both, public and commercial benefits, the industry is expected to participate in a Public Private Partnership for the Galileo satellite constellation. This thesis makes specific proposals to manage the legal risks of the Galileo project. At the same time, the allocation of legal space risks between the various parties is studied. The thesis of the author is that the management process, which is used to control technical space risks, can provide satellite manufacturers with a supportive analogy for dealing with legal space risks. Risks will be studied for all project phases of Galileo, i.e., the feasibility study, the establishment of specifications, development, manufacturing, the launch, operations, replenishment, and the final disposition of satellites.
5
Williams, Janette Angella. "A Reflection of Adults as Child Participants in Commercial Activities." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4990.
Full textAbstract:
Children are being used as marketers and consumers for the purpose of financial gain. Although much research exists about children's stance as consumers, very little is known about their role as marketers. Such lack of information indicates that children's authentic voices about their experiences are seldom articulated, heard, listened to, and acted on. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological heuristic study was to explore the lived experiences of former child participants in commercial activities in order to understand their perceptions as well as, the meaning, and impact of the experiences on their childhood development. The theoretical framework used included the theories of Bandura's social learning, Bronfenbrenner's ecological system, Vygotsky's social constructivism, Knowles' andragogy, and Meziro's transformative learning. The primary questions focused on participants' perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes, as well as the meaning, and impact such lived experiences had on their childhood development. The final sample consisted of 13 adults above age 18 who participated in commercial activities during their childhood and were selected through the snowballing technique. Data were collected, analyzed, and manually coded from multiple individual and focus group interviews. The thematic results and findings are necessary labor, cultural practice, belief system, power of tangible and intangible rewards, independent mobility factor, social dangers of risk factor, participants' affective response, and experiential learning. Implications for social change include the establishment of partnerships among schools, children, parents, and commercial industries to strengthen advocacy for, and effect improved conditions and treatment of child participants in commercial activities.
6
Moruipisi, Dorothy Nametsegang. "Decriminalisation of sexual activities in same-sex relationships between consenting adults in Botswana." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19791.
Full textAbstract:
The Constitution of Botswana under section 3 read in conjunction with section 15, guarantees all Batswana equal enjoyment of fundamental rights and freedoms irrespective of one's race, colour, sex, tribe, status etc. Section 15 (3) further qualifies what conduct will be deemed discriminatory. Section 9 also ensures that every person's right to privacy is protected except where the person has given consent to have their right violated. Notwithstanding, the same Constitution permits limitations to the full enjoyment of these fundamental rights and freedoms on matters of public interest, public morality or for protecting the interests and rights of others. However, limitations in order to pass the constitutional scrutiny, must take place in terms of the authority of the law and have to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society. Criminalisation of same sex conduct which is provided for under the Penal Code is a prima facie violation of the above constitutional provisions, which is, as it will be argued here, not capable of justification. The Penal Code violates section 3 of the Constitution, which aims at promoting equality of all citizens. It does so by criminalising certain sexual conducts committed by a certain group of persons (those involved in same-sex relationships), and not extending the same treatment to heterosexuals−thereby creating a discriminatory act. A prima facie violation of the right to privacy under section 9 is also established by this criminalisation. It will be argued that permitting the law to traverse into the sexual life of grown up people and regulate their sexual behavior, is not only a violation of their privacy but also dignity. Prescribing who people should fall in love with and who they should engage in sexual conduct with, violates individual autonomy―freedom of choice, which freedom should be inherent in every individual. Section 15 of the Constitution is also violated in the sense that, although its objective is to eradicate any form of discrimination, permitting discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation through criminalising same sex sexual conduct between consenting adults, defeats the very purpose that the provision is aimed at achieving. This paper acknowledges the existence of the rights to religious beliefs and practices as well as the culture and morals of the majority in Botswana. Notwithstanding, it will be argued that, taking these rights into consideration, it still does not justify the violations that the Penal Code establishes through criminalisation. This paper will recommend that, because courts are vested with the powers to declare any law or policy which it finds unconstitutional, they should thus declare those provisions of the Penal Code null and void to the extent of their unconstitutionality.
7
Stuyt, Michel L. J. M. "Legal aspects of commercial activities of private enterprise in outer space." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65363.
Full text
8
Abudahesh, Abdulaziz. "Commercial activities in Ayyubid and early Rasulid Yemen (569-694/1173-1295)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496386.
Full text
9
Yu, Kim Stella. "Activities of mid-weight graphic designers during the conceptual design phase a case study /." Swinburne Research Bank, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MDes) - Faculty of Design, Swinburne University of Technology, 2009.[Submitted in total fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of] Master of Design, Faculty of Design, Swinburne University of Technology - 2009. Typescript. Bibliography: p. 178-186.
10
Lindsey, Kieran J. "Privatization and regulatory oversight of commercial wildlife control activities in the United States." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1638.
Full text
11
Cochrane, David Alan, and david cochrane@au ey com. "Maintaining Environmental Values in a Commercial Environment - a Framework for Commercial Development in Victoria's National Parks." RMIT University. Graduate School of Business, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080220.163331.
Full textAbstract:
This research has focussed on the development of a commercial business model (CBM) for providing tourism and support service based commercial activities in Victoria's national parks which also allowed for the protection of the parks natural values. National parks are vital if we as a nation are to retain our natural heritage - but the public sector land stewards of these important assets are facing increasing funding and user pressures. The result is a growing focus on the commercialisation of our national parks to provide services and generate the revenue required to maintain these assets. However, this has resulted in the exacerbation of a long existing conflict - these commercial operators are primarily focus on the achievement of a commercial return, while the land stewards' main responsibility is in the protection of the natural values of these assets. In completing this project an abductive research approach (using grounded theory) has been adopted. Specifically, the research activities undertaken included data collection via a number of techniques including stakeholder interviews, detailed examination of existing commercial arrangements, literature research on international approaches and models, development of a suggested commercial business model based on a synthesise of the research outcomes and, finally, obtaining user feedback. The use of the various data sources, and subsequent sourcing of user feedback facilitated the triangulation of the research results. The findings from this research challenge a number of the practices currently adopted in the structuring of commercial activities suggesting that these practices are inhibiting the quality of the service being provided to the national park visitor along with the level of protection being afforded to the parks natural values. The resulting CBM provides park managers with a framework for identification and structuring of commercial business activities, practical guidance on the actions required in the completion of a concession process and identification of a number of the relevant issues which need to be considered and addressed in establishing and managing a national park concession. The CBM has been developed specifically for application within Victoria's national parks (based on a public/private sector relationship). The output will also provide guidance on methods for embedding natural values on public/private sector relationships in other settings.
12
Clarke, Will A. "Commercial methodologies for acquiring consulting services : can Department of Defense contracting activities follow suit?" Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA401305.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 2001.Thesis Advisor(s): Yoder, E. Coy ; Tudor, Ron B. "December 2001." Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-86). Also available in print.
13
Hemingway, Daryl R. (Daryl Robert) 1971. "Spacewalk Inc. : a business plan for commercial human space flight training for extravehicular activities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91791.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design & Management Program, 2003.At head of title: Executive summary. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-196).
by Daryl R. Hemingway.
S.M.
14
Raine, Gary. "Commercial activities and the promotion of health in primary schools : attitudes, practices and management." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496727.
Full text
15
Ansari, Mohammad Tanvir. "Three essays on banks trading activities." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/78132/1/Md%20Tanvir_Ansari_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
With a fair share of the blame for the subprime crisis pointing to banks' extensive involvement in trading, this thesis examines three closely related issues. The first essay shows that regulatory capital arbitrage, insolvency risk, and non-interest income are all important motivations for banks to become involved in trading. The second essay support the widely held perception that trading activities such as off-balance sheet derivatives, securitization, and assets sales all are making banks more opaque. With banks' business model changing from ''originate and hold'' to ''originate, repackage, and sell'', the last essay show that trading channel exist and it has weakened the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission through banks' capital and lending channel.
16
Ziadeh, Mikati Noma. "Low interest rates, off balance sheet activities and bank risk-taking : evidence from U.S. commercial banks." Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/0a846811-ee16-47d4-b879-d6b6120d6db5/blobholder:0/2013LIMO1005.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This research study focus on two of the widely discussed culprits of instability in the banking system: the first concern the possible relation between policy rates and bank risk-taking incentives, the second investigates off balance sheet activities (OBS) and their implication on bank soundness. The dissertation is divided in two parts: in part 1 I study the transmission channel of monetary policy through the risk-taking channel. Chapter 1 of this part is devoted to present a better understanding of the risk-taking channel, to present the different theoretical foundations that back up this channel and to discuss potential difficulties related to empirical evidence. Chapter 2 and 3 present empirical studies on the risk-taking channel using US loan surey and call report data. The key finding is that loan officers relax lending standards when interest rates are low also longer periods of negative real interest rates are characterised by asset expansion with a move to riskier assets. Part 2 studies banks' OBS activites and investigate their implication for the soundness of US commercial banks. Chapter 1 in Part 2 provides a detailed account of these activites showing the widespread use of credit substitutes and other derivative instruments. Chapter 2 investigates the implication of different types of OBS activites on bank risk exposure and bank failure during the 2001-2010 period. The main finding is that different types of off balance sheet activities impact differently bank risk exposure: Credit subsitutes enhance bank loans portfolio and bank performance but put more pressure on bank liquidity. Derivatives contracts implicate higher risk exposure for small banksCette thèse étudie deux facteurs susceptibles de fragiliser le secteur bancaire : d'une part le laxisme de la politique monétaire pouvant modifier la perception ou l'aversion pour le risque des banques, d'autre part le développement des activités hors bilan et leurs implications sur la stabilité bancaire. La thèse se compose de deux parties : la partie 1 constituée de trois chapitres étudie la transmission de la politique monétaire par la canal de la prise de risque pour le cas des banques commerciales américaines. Les résultats empiriques présentés dans les chapitres 2 et 3 montrent que des niveaux bas de taux d'intérêts sont associés à un assouplissement des politiques d'octroi de crédit pratiquées par les banques et une expansion de l'actif caractérisé par une préférence pour les investissements risqués. La partie 2 étudie l'implication des activités hors bilan des banques commerciales américaines sur la stabilité des banques. Le chapitre 1 présente en détail ces activités montrant la large utilisation des substituts de crédit et autres instruments dérivés par les banques américaines. Le chapitre 2 examine l'implication des différents types d'activités hors bilan sur l'exposition au risque des banques au cours de la période 2001-2010. Les résultats empiriques montrent que l'incidence des activités hors bilan diffère selon le type de l'activité en question : les substituts de crédits diminuent le risque de crédit, améliore la performance des banques en revanche ils mettent plus de pression sur la liquidité bancaire. Les produits dérivés impliquent une plus grande exposition au risque pour les petites banques
17
Sheahan, Christopher. "Commercializing Fitness Activities-An Analysis of Guangzhou City Commercial Health Clubs’ Business Operation and Consumer Behaviors." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1499037283014734.
Full text
18
Hermenault, Léa. "La ville en mouvements : circulations, échanges commerciaux et matérialité de la ville : pour une articulation systémique des facteurs d'évolution du tissu urbain parisien entre le XVè et le XIXè siècle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H006/document.
Full textAbstract:
Dans ce travail nous avons cherché à mieux appréhender les effets des circulations sur le tissu urbain parisien entre le 15e et le premier tiers du 19e siècle, et en particulier à comprendre dans quelle mesure celui-ci évolue en fonction des interactions qui s'établissent à plusieurs échelles entre la matérialité urbaine et les potentialités d'échanges. La cartographie de plusieurs corpus de données planimétriques et écrites nous a permis de construire nos propres données géohistoriques, tandis que leur intégration dans un SIG en a rendu possible la comparaison. Nous avons ainsi pu mettre en évidence des processus différents selon l'échelle à laquelle nous étudions les formes et, à chaque fois, souligner le caractère particulier de l'évolution de la matérialité urbaine à proximité des zones de flux: forte densité du parcellaire et du bâti, reconfigurations fréquentes des circulations intra-îlot, fonction commerciale prépondérante et rythme d'évolution plus rapide. Ces particularités sont la conséquence des interactions systémiques qui s'établissent entre le bâti, la voie et le flux qu'elle supporte, et qui aboutissent à la densification du tissu urbain et à la résilience de la voie. L'attractivité du flux de circulation pour les activités commerciales est selon nous un des facteurs principaux de cette systémique, et, parce que le mode de fonctionnement des échanges commerciaux n'évolue que très peu entre le 15e et le 19e siècle à Paris, elle est aussi un des facteurs importants de la stabilité morphologique du tissu urbain parisien durant cette périodeIn this work, we sought to understand effects of circulations on the Parisian urban fabric between the 15th and the first third of the 19th century, and, in particular, we sought to understand how it is evolving according to the interactions that develop at different scales between the materiality of the city and potentialities of exchange. The mapping of several corpus of planimetric and written data allow us to build our own geohistoric data, while theirs integration in a GIS bas made comparisons of results possible. This way, we were able to highlight different process according to scale choice for forms study, and, every time, to emphasize the particular character of the evolution of materiality of the city nearby traffic flow areas : high density of plots and buildings, frequent resetting of circulations inside blocks, preponderance of commercial activities and faster rhythm of change. These features are the consequence of systemic interactions that develop between buildings, streets and the traffic flow they bear, and lead to a densification of the urban fabric and street resilience. The attractiveness of the traffic flow for commercial activities is, according to us, one of the main factors of this systemic, and because there is little evolution in the operating mode of commercial activities between the 15th and the 19th century in Paris, it is also one of the main factors of morphology stability of urban fabric during this period
19
Omatsu, Michael. "Causes of cost increases incurred by Government contractors performing Coast Guard commercial activities contracted out under OMB Circular A-76." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/25731.
Full text
20
Sinilkina, A. "Main Tools and Tasks of Merchandising as Part of the Marketing Activities of Commercial Companies and their Impact on Buyers." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2017. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8448.
Full text
21
Пак, М. "Аналіз фінансової діяльності комерційних банків." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/43846.
Full textAbstract:
Аналіз фінансової діяльності комерційних банків повинен включати такі напрями вирішення питань: аналіз балансового звіту, аналіз фінансової форми звітності, порівняльний аналіз, визначення джерел, якості та стійкості банківських доходів, дотримання всіх вимог щодо ліквідності, під тримання стану адекватності та достатності капіталу.
22
Singh, Shalona. "The tax consequences of income and expenses arising from illegal activities." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59456.
Full textAbstract:
Income tax in South Africa is levied in terms of the Income Tax Act, 58 of 1962 (the South African Income Tax Act) on taxable income, which by definition, is arrived at by deducting from ''gross income" receipts and accruals that are exempt from tax as well as deductions and allowances provided for in the Act. The South African Income Tax Act provides no guidance with regard to the taxation of income and expenditure from illegal activities. In this mini thesis, case law and legislation is reviewed in an attempt to provide clarity on the tax consequences of income and expenses arising from illegal activities. An overview is provided of the taxation of income and expenditure in respect of illegal activities in the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand. Similarities are found between the American, Australian, New Zealand and South African tax regimes in relation to the taxation of income earned from illegal activities, but there appears to be more certainty in America, Australia and New Zealand with regard to the deduction of expenses arising from illegal activities. In South Africa, taxpayers earning income from ongoing illegal activities will, in principle, comply with the definition of “trade” as defined in section 1 of the South African Income Tax Act. However, this is contrary to the view of the South African Revenue Service that illegal activities do not meet the definition of “trade”, a viewpoint that may not hold if challenged in court. Recommendations are made for the amendment of the South African Income Tax Act to specifically provide for the inclusion in “gross income” of income from illegal activities and to prohibit the deduction of expenditure arising from illegal activities.
23
LUCA, P. DE. "ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF CASEINOPHOSPHOPEPTIDES FROM A COMMERCIAL PURIFIED MIXTURE AND FROM GRANA PADANO AND TRENTIN GRANA, AFTER IN VITRO DIGESTION." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/356090.
Full textAbstract:
Milk and dairy products are an excellent source of bioavailable calcium thanks to the presence of casein phosphopeptides (CPPs), that with their phosporylated serines, bind calcium ions, keeping them in a soluble and bio-absorbable state.
Digestion and absorption are limiting steps for the peptide bioavailability; thus the in vitro digestion procedures combined with the use of intestinal cell models allowed to mimic the physiological milieu, where digestion occurs and the interactions between peptides and intestine determine their fate.
The purpose of this PhD thesis was to identify the biological potential of casein phosphopeptides after in vitro digestion. The first step was about the bio accessibility property of a CPP purified mixture using a culture of intestinal human cells. Next step was about the bioactivity study of a complete food containing CPPs, represented by Grana Padano (GP) and Trentin Grana (TN) at 13, 19 and 26 months of ripening.
Present data show that after in vitro digestion, preformed aggregates (CPP + Ca) in a commercially mixture still maintain their conformation and retain their bioactivity as promoters of
calcium uptake in intestinal cells, regardless of calcium mechanism transport (TRPV6 in Caco2 cells and depolarizing L-type calcium channels in HT-29 cells).
GP and TN digestates, were also able to induce a calcium uptake in a co-culture of Caco2 and HT-29, a model of human intestinal epithelium more complete and useful. Moreover, they shown the capacity to induce the bone mineralization in human osteoblast-like cells.
Since the biological potential after digestion was verified, CPPs could be considered as a nutraceutical and GP and TN cheeses as potential functional foods.
24
Chirambwi, Kudakwashe. "The political economy of policing in Zimbabwe: Changing roles, practice and identities in relationship to peace, security and development." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17225.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT: This thesis examines policing within the context of security and development, with particular reference to ways in which the Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP) operates in the wider political economy of Zimbabwean state in response to decades of financial crisis. Guided by the social constructionist philosophy and structural political economy analysis, the case study demonstrates that, through a range of commercial activities, the ZRP has been able to shift police preoccupation from ‘what is routinely important’ to ‘what works’ as part of resilience and adaptability in one of the world’s distorted economies. In cases where the police lack sufficient budget support from the government they recalibrate into self-organized systems and devise ways in which they raise the much needed revenue for policing. Using interpretive content analysis for secondary data and thematic analysis for in-depth interviews, the other finding relates to the ways in which the ZRP deploys neoliberal registers of ‘sustainable development’ and economic nationalist discourses to legitimise its involvement in commercial activities in farms, mines, tourism and social welfare businesses. Commercial activities involve distribution of wealth, power and interests. As such, what started off as productive entrepreneurship to ‘make ends meet’ slipped into unproductive and destructive entrepreneurship. The latter has made the police institution gets to a breakdown as different categories of officers split into different commercial units as they compete for access and control. To date, there is little literature that foregrounds the experiences and views of the police officers on the political economy of policing and it is to this literature this thesis primarily contributes. Inadvertently, as the ZRP responds to the economic crisis, it sometimes uses violence against citizens. The violence is sometimes quite targeted and deliberate as the police use metal spiked bars to clampdown motorists in demand of bribe money. The findings suggest that the police operating in a context of budget cuts are highly unlikely to be people-oriented.The full text will be available at the end of the embargo, 17th July 2024
25
Petras, Christopher M. "The convergence of U.S. military and commercial space activities : self-defense and cyber-attack, "peaceful use" and the space station, and the need for legal reform." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33058.
Full textAbstract:
The ever-increasing convergence of U.S. military and commercial space activities poses new challenges to the viability of the legal concepts that have traditionally governed the use of outer space, and particularly the military use of space, from the beginning of the space age. This paper will look at two examples of where the melding of U.S. military and commercial space activities necessitates a reexamination of the applicable legal theories. Part I will examine the concept of self-defense in outer space, by considering the legality of the use of conventional military force to defend against "cyber-attack" on its commercial space assets. Part II will examine the concept of the use of outer space for "peaceful purposes" under international law, by focusing on the permissibility of military use of the International Space Station. As private commercial entities increasingly take their place aside State actors in outer space, understanding the impact of space commercialization on the law governing military-related activities in outer space becomes more-and-more important to policymakers, military planners, legal scholars and space law practitioners alike.
26
Seray, Hamad Muhammad Bin. "Arabian Gulf from the 3rd century B.C. to the 1st/2nd century A.D. : with special reference to the commercial activities between Palmyra, Charax and the Gulf." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1993. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529307.
Full text
27
Ochia, Krys Chukwuma. "Commercial Activities and the Geography of Movement in a West African Urban Market: A Study of Market-Stall Traders in Onitsha with Implications for Transport Policy." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1397.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to understand the non home-based travel behavior of urban market traders in Onitsha, Nigeria, where 58-70% of the labor force is engaged in trading.
Relevant trip-inducing variables--gender, location, a means of personal transportation, size of stall and, type of good sold--were selected to assist in theorizing about the travel behavior of traders. Using a systematic sampling methodology, 246 stalls were selected and the MLR model was applied in data analyses.
The results show that a typical stall is occupied by either one or two traders. There are three male traders for every female trader and 89.4% of stalls are occupied exclusively by one gender. The mean trips produced by a stall in a typical business day is 2.7 trips, with a variation from zero to ten trips. In the CBD, an average stall produced 4.4 trips while stalls in the periphery generated an average of 2.1 trips. Small stalls generate two trips, while medium (three occupants) to large stalls generate twice as many trips. While stalls occupied exclusively by males have a mean of 3.0 trips, female-occupied stalls generate only 2.0 trips. On the other hand, stalls which have a personal means of transportation generate more trips than stalls where none existed. Even though the maximum number of a personal means of transportation available to a stall was two, there was a substantial difference between the number of trips produced by stalls with the maximum number of vehicles and stalls where vehicles were unavailable. Finally, while provision goods stalls generate a mean of 3.3 trips, foodstuffs stalls generate about 2.1 trips with intermediate results for other commodities.
For policymaking purposes, there is empirical evidence to show that traders, together with consumers, contribute to off-peak trips which directly impact the urban transportation system. There is the need to evolve policies to minimize the frequency of trips by traders, especially by discouraging multiple tripmaking because, it will contribute to a reduction in the amount of resources allocated to the upkeep of the urban transportation infrastructure.
28
Heuser, Juliana Faccioni. "Impacto de edificações do tipo "construído para alugar" na estratégia e no uso dos espaços urbanos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164052.
Full textAbstract:
Esta pesquisa investiga o impacto de edificações do tipo “construído para alugar” na estética e no uso dos espaços urbanos consolidados e predominantemente residenciais, a partir da avaliação de diferentes grupos de indivíduos. O problema da pesquisa reside na inserção destas estruturas e de suas atividades comerciais em ambientes construídos sem que se saiba seu real impacto na qualidade visual e de uso do ambiente construído. Assim, o objetivo é analisar e comparar níveis de satisfação e preferências estéticas de cenas, nos períodos diurno e noturno, com edificações do tipo “construído para alugar” e cenas com as edificações substituídas, considerando que podem existir diferenças entre as avaliações de indivíduos com diferentes tipos e níveis de formação acadêmica e diferentes níveis de familiaridade. Também, é objetivo identificar os níveis de satisfação com a localização das diferentes atividades das edificações tipo “construído para alugar”, nos entornos predominantemente residenciais, e averiguar se esta tipologia é satisfatória para o desempenho das atividades que abriga, de acordo com diferentes grupos de indivíduos relacionados à estas estruturas. Para tanto, são selecionados nove exemplares localizados na cidade de Porto Alegre-RS. Os métodos de coleta de dados fazem parte dos utilizados na área de estudos Ambiente e Comportamento, sistematizados por meio de levantamentos de arquivo e levantamentos de campo, questionários e entrevistas. A análise de dados é realizada através de testes estatísticos não-paramétricos. Os resultados desta investigação demonstram que a estética das cenas urbanas é avaliada de acordo com o nível de estímulo visual e ordenamento de tais cenas, independentemente do nível de formação ou familiaridade dos indivíduos. Ainda, revelam que a tipologia “construído para alugar” não impacta de maneira positiva na estética dos seus entornos, principalmente para os moradores destes entornos, pois sua aparência tende a carecer de estímulo visual e de relação ordenada com seus entornos. Por outro lado, os resultados demonstram que as atividades comerciais destas edificações, em especial as de primeiras necessidades e de consumo imediato, são percebidas como muito adequadas para os entornos residências, devido à existência de demanda e a sua contribuição para o movimento qualitativo de pessoas nos espaços urbanos. Em complemento, os resultados revelam que as edificações são muito satisfatórias quanto aos espaços internos devido à flexibilidade e quantidade de espaço, e suas localizações têm influência no desempenho de suas atividades, que ocorrem de maneira satisfatória. Contudo, a tipologia tende a possuir acesso para usuários e áreas de estacionamento insatisfatórias, além de apresentar problemas relacionados ao conforto térmico. Por fim, espera-se que os dados obtidos possam contribuir para a qualificação dos espaços urbanos, objetivando atender melhor às necessidades dos indivíduos quanto à estética e ao uso do ambiente construído.This research investigates the impact of "built for rent" buildings on aesthetics and on use of consolidated and predominantly residential urban spaces, based on the evaluation of different groups of individuals. The research problem deals with the insertion of these structures and their commercial activities in built environments without the knowledge of their real impact on the visual quality and use of the built environment. Therefore, the objective is to analyze and compare satisfaction levels and aesthetic preferences of scenes, during day and night periods, of “built for rent” buildings, and scenes with substituted buildings, considering that there may be differences between the evaluations from individuals with different types and levels of education, and different levels of familiarity. The research also intends to identify levels of satisfaction with location of the different activities of "built for rent" buildings within predominantly residential environments, and to investigate if this typology is satisfactory for the performance of its activities, according to different groups of individuals related to these structures. For this purpose, nine buildings located in the city of Porto Alegre-RS are selected. Data gathering procedures are part of those in the Environment and Behavior area of study, which includes archival records, field surveys, questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis was carried out through non-parametric statistical tests. The results of this research demonstrate that urban scenes are evaluated according to the level of visual stimulus and ordering of such scenes, regardless of the level of academic education or familiarity of the individuals. Furthermore, they reveal that the "built for rent" typology does not have a positive impact on the aesthetics of their environments, especially for the residents of these environments, since its appearance tends to lack visual stimulation and orderly relation with their surroundings. On the other hand, the results show that commercial activities of these buildings, especially those of first necessity and of immediate consumption, are perceived as very suitable for residential environments, due to the existence of demand and the contribution to the qualitative movement of people in the urban spaces. In addition, the results show that the interior area of the buildings are very adequate for their activities, due to the flexibility and quantity of space, and their locations have influence the performance of their activities, which occur in a satisfactory way. However, the typology tends to have an unsatisfactory access and parking areas for its users, as well as presents problems related to internal thermal comfort. In conclusion, it is expected that the results obtained can contribute to the qualification of urban spaces, aiming to better meet the needs of individuals regarding to aesthetics and the use of urban space.
29
Садовий, Віктор Олександрович, Виктор Александрович Садовый, Viktor Oleksandrovych Sadovyi, and С. І. Щербакова. "Проблеми захисту прав суб'єктів підприємницької діяльності в господарських судах України." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15421.
Full text
30
Hjärtinge, Johan, and Daniel Nordebo. "Anläggningsarrenden för idrottsändamål." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för Matematik, Data- och Lantmäteriteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-14116.
Full textAbstract:
Nyttjanderätt till fast egendom är en viktig del av svensk historia. Arrende är en sådan form av nyttjanderätt och har funnits i svensk rätt sedan införandet av 1907 års nyttjanderättslag. Sedan år 1970 är nyttjanderättslagen en del av jordabalken. En av de fyra arrendeformerna är anläggningsarrende vilket är ett rättsinstitut som funnits sedan 1968 års reform av nyttjanderättslagen. För att kunna upplåta mark genom anläggningsarrende krävs att ett antal villkor är uppfyllda. Villkoren "förvärvsverksamhet", "byggnad" och "byggnadens betydelse för verksamhetens bedrivande" är alla oklart formulerade i förarbetena till nyttjanderättslagen. I förarbetena exkluderas idrottsanläggningar från anläggningsarrenden och hänvisas i stället tilllägenhetsarrende. Lägenhetsarrende är en arrendeform som saknar indirekt besittningsskydd och därmed rätt till avträdesersättning när arrendet upphör. Någon motivering till varför anläggningar för idrottsändamål exkluderas framgår inte av förarbetena. Rättsläget inom anläggningsarrende för idrottsändamål är därmed osäkert. Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka i vilken mån mark för idrottsändamål kan upplåtas genom anläggningsarrende. Detta examensarbete redogör genom en rättsdogmatisk undersökning för de villkor som måste vara uppfyllda för att anläggningsarrende ska kunna föreligga. Hur mark upplåts för idrottsändamål utreds genom en rättssociologisk undersökning av 228 upplåtelser. Resultatet av examensarbetet visar att mark går att upplåta för idrottsändamål genom anläggningsarrende om verksamhetsutövaren har ett objektivt vinstsyfte med sin verksamhet. Att det är just arrendatorn som bedriver verksamheten på arrendestället är inte avgörande. Resultatetvisar också att mark för idrottsändamål i de undersökta avtalen endast i undantagsfall upplåts genom anläggningsarrende. Av de 228 upplåtelserna var sex stycken upplåtna genom anläggningsarrende vilket motsvarar 3 %. Antalet upplåtelser genom lägenhetsarrende var den dominerande formen med 207 stycken upplåtelser eller 91 %. I 81 % av fallen har det indirekta besittningsskyddet avtalats bort. Examensarbetets slutsats är att mark går att upplåta för idrottsändamål genom anläggningsarrende till alla verksamheter utom de ideella, men att det i praktiken inte används. Istället rubriceras avtalen som lägenhetsarrende. I examensarbetets diskussion förs ett resonemang kring vad som egentligen är huvudfrågan för en idrottsförening som är i behov av mark. Avtalets rubrik bör inte vara det mest intressanta utan huruvida arrendatorn ges rätt till avträdesersättning eller inte när upplåtelsen sägs upp.The right to use real estate is an important part of the Swedish history. Leasehold is such a form of right of use and has existed in Swedish law since the introduction of the 1907 nyttjanderättslag (NJL). Since 1970, NJL is a part of the jordabalk (JB). One of the four leaseforms is commercial ground lease, which is a legal institution that has existed since the 1968 reform of NJL. In order to be able to grant land through commercial ground lease, a number of terms are required. The terms "acquisition activity", "building" and "building's importance for the operation of the business" are all unclear formulated in the preparatory works for the NJL. In the preparatory works, sports facilities are excluded from the commercial groundlease and are instead referred to apartment lease. Apartment lease is a form of lease that does not have indirect possession protection and thus the right to replacement compensation when the lease ceases. Reasons for why sports facilities are excluded do not appear from the prepartory work. The legal situation within the commercial ground lease for sports purposes is therefore uncertain. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate to what extent it is possible to grant land for sports purposes through commercial ground lease. This thesis describes, through a legal doctrinal examination, the terms that must be fulfilled in order for a commercial ground lease to exist. How land has been granted for sports purposes is investigated through a sociological investigation of 228 agreements. The result of the thesis shows that land can be granted for sports purposes through commercial groundlease if the operator has an objective profit objective with his business. The fact that it is the tenant who conducts the business on the lease is not decisive. The result also shows that land for sports purposes in the investigated agreements is only granted in exceptional cases through commercial ground lease. Of the 228 agreements, six were granted through commercial ground lease, which corresponds to 3 %. The number of leases through apartment lease was the dominant form with 207 or 91 %. In 81 % of cases, the indirect protection of possession has been agreed away. The conclusion of the thesis is that land can be granted for sports purposes through commercial ground lease to all operations except the non-profit, but that in practice it is no tused. Instead, the agreements are classified as apartment lease. In the thesis's discussion, a resumption is conducted about what is really the main issue for a sport club in need of land.The title of the agreement should not be the most interesting, but whether the tenant is given the right to replacement compensation or not when the lease ceases.
31
Abela, Joan Angela. "The impact of the arrival of the Knights of St John on the commercial economy of Malta 1530-1565." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/8182.
Full textAbstract:
Much has been written about various aspects of the long presence of the Knights of the Order St John on the island of Malta. Nonetheless, throughout this literature there is one noticeable omission - a study of the commercial development of the harbour area during the first decades of the Order’s rule. Despite Malta’s small size, the presence of the Order of St John (1530 -1798) ensured an inflow of foreign resources which eventually permitted very dense human settlement and an international projection beyond the island’s shores which was largely disproportionate to what would normally have occurred in such a small and sterile island. The maritime nature of the Order and the heavy dependence on imports hastened the creation of an efficient maritime communication system. The development of all these economic activities resulted in a prime economic means of generating wealth and served as a pull factor to a large number of enterprising individuals, both local and foreign. Early modern Hospitaller Malta eventually saw the consolidation of an enterprising business class, which, out of sheer necessity, grew accustomed to operating well beyond its narrow confines. In turn, this contributed to the island becoming more open to connectivity with the outside world. Hence, the main aim of this thesis is to explore in detail various economic activities taking place in Malta during this particular period which spans from 1530 to 1565. The year 1565 has been chosen as a marker since during this year there was a break in the normal chain of events due to the turmoil created by the Great Siege. In order to reach this goal the practical functioning of commerce with its agreements and disputes, its currencies, its trading posts and its nodal points shall be analyzed. Furthermore, this thesis strives to show how notarial evidence, together with that derived from records of various tribunals set up on the island at the time, supplement each other and help to fill in gaps. While discussing different methodological approaches to the study of the Mediterranean, the first chapter of this study shall also assess Malta’s place within the wider Mediterranean historiographical framework. It shall also trace the development of Maltese historiography and its contribution to the study of legal, economic and social issues relating to the sixteenth century. Furthermore, this study shall place the various series of primary sources used for its compilation in their proper context, thus allowing the reader to evaluate better the significance of the information provided. The second chapter shall evaluate how the arrival of the Order provided for the setting up of new institutions and for the promulgation of new laws in order to consolidate its authority over the island despite repeated promises to respect and honour ancient rights and privileges. The following three chapters shall each be dedicated to a particular case study which will try to address specific topics that have been largely neglected in Maltese historiography. Thus, starting with an analysis of the grain trade, which was of the utmost importance for a sterile island with an ever-increasing population, it will be followed by another case study which seeks to evaluate the role of women, their legal persona and how this affected their contribution to the island’s economic activities. The final chapter will try to establish whether there were any commercial links between Malta, often described as the frontier and bulwark of Christianity, and its neighbouring Ottoman North African territories. If such trade existed, how did merchants, both Christian and Muslim, manage to overcome religious antagonism which should have inhibited the easy flow of trade? The objective of this study shall therefore be to shed much-needed light on economic activities taking place in and around the harbour area during a largely unexplored period in Maltese history. Moreover, it shall seek to provide a better understanding of Mediterranean commercial relations since the Maltese harbour was a point of intersection not only for people of different nationalities, but even for people of different faiths, such as Muslims, Jews and Christians of different denominations. All had one common goal which unified them, that is, trading and making profit out of it.
32
Tovar, Jesse. "A factor-based examination of United States Navy human resource officers work activities by commercial activity assignment codes to Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) body of knowledge standards." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FTovar.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): L. Andrew Jones, Suzanne Bosque. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-82). Also available in print.
33
Kim, Hyung Hoon. "The influence of entrepreneurial activities on teaching at Universities in the United States." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24821.
Full textAbstract:
This study is to investigate the influence of entrepreneurial activities on teaching at universities. Specifically, the study focuses on entrepreneurial activities' effect on professors' time allocation. The dataset analyzed was constructed from the survey conducted by University of Illinois at Chicago in 1998. The sample was drawn from American academic professional associations' members of the four fields: experimental biology, physics, mathematics, and sociology.
Based on the data of 133 professors, the study shows that professors with paid consulting work tend to spend less time in teaching when research activities are controlled. Insignificant are the other variables about entrepreneurial activities: patent application, industry funding, and research collaboration with industry. Also, more research time is likely to result in less teaching time. Insignificant are the other research-related variables: research funding at large and collaborative research in general.
In terms of personal and institutional conditions, assistant professors tend to invest more time in teaching than senior professors, but they are likely to reduce more time on teaching than their senior counterparts for increasing research time. Finally, biology and sociology professors tend to allocate less time to teaching than physics and mathematics professors. In a word, entrepreneurial activities and research tend to conflict with teaching at the level of individual professors' time allocation.
34
Navereau, Brice. "Le commerce alimentaire de proximité dans le centre-ville des grandes agglomérations : l’exemple de Toulouse et de Saragosse." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20069/document.
Full textAbstract:
Au-delà de replacer les transformations du paysage commercial alimentaire dans deux contextes urbains différents, cette thèse a pour objectif de montrer qu’à travers le renouvellement de l’appareil marchand de proximité dans les centres-villes, il est possible de mettre en perspective les évolutions plus générales de la ville contemporaine. Qu’elle soit considérée compacte (Saragosse), ou au contraire diffuse (Toulouse), celle-ci présente des points forts et des faiblesses qui révèlent la difficulté de trouver une fabrique idéale de la ville ou plus modestement de promouvoir une organisation commerciale plus qu’une autre. La proximité redessinée au spectre du temps laisse ainsi entrevoir des réajustements incessants qui initiés par les mutations des formes, des formats, et des règlementations restent surtout insufflés par les aspirations versatiles des chalands. Exogènes ou endogènes, mobiles ou «assignés à résidence», ils restent au final, les principaux artisans de la reconfiguration globale de la ville par leur façon d’entreprendre l’espace urbain en général, mais aussi les territoires du quotidien. L’observation des pratiques les plus banales, permettent alors de pointer les disparités socio-spatiales les plus stigmatisantesCommercial activities are key indicators of social and urban changes. Studying the evolution of grocery stores located in city centers, we concentrate our work on the geographic and social analysis of these commercial mutations in two different metropolitan areas. We compare and analyse these dynamics in Zaragoza (Spain), described as a compact city, and in Toulouse (France), considered as a critical example of uncontrolled urban sprawl. The weaknesses, forces and sustainability (in a social and environmental way) of these two urban morphologies are confronted. The contemporary idea of impulsing a perfect urban model, in a sense where all part of cities would be "close" in space and time by controlling the location of commercial activities, emerge as another urban utopia. Even if national and local authorities produce planning documents to reduce commuting related to shopping, consumers habits explain the major part of the urban recombinations observed. Finally, using a common indicator such as grocery stores enhance the usual social and spatial segregation our urban societies have to deal with
35
Anderson, Lori Choyce. "The Meaning of Inherently Govermental in OMB Circualr A-76 from 1966 to 2003: A Change in Governing Approaches?" Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29962.
Full textAbstract:
There is a research deficit in public administration. We do not adequately ask how the essential concepts of governments that are expressed in political thought are operationalized through administrative mechanisms and then implemented into practice. The current study began addressing this deficit by investigating how the notion of governing approaches has been treated in the political thought of Ronald C. Moe and Moe and Robert S. Gilmour and then exploring how the idea of governing approaches and another essential concept of government, that of inherently governmental, have been operationalized in the administrative device, Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-76. I utilized a longitudinal qualitative content analysis to determine whether there was support for a change in governing approaches from a Constitutionalist Governing Approach to an Entrepreneurial Governing Approach in the evolution of the meaning of inherently governmental as it was used in OMB Circular A-76, Performance of Commercial Activities, from 1966 to 2003. All the Circulars showed evidence of the Constitutionalist Governing Approach. The project repositions the notion of inherently governmental as a thick political concept, a normative, context-specific idea that a polity must address. It also proposes a research typology to guide investigations of these kinds of ideas.Ph. D.
36
Vaňková, Markéta. "Finanční analýza Hasičské vzájemné pojišťovny." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-18816.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of the diploma thesis is financial analysis of Fire Mutual Insurance Company from the year 2004 to 2008. The thesis consists of two parts- theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part describes acceptable methods of financial analysis of commercial insurance company. On the basis of specific activities of insurance companies are selected the typical indicators for insurance company. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the application of selected methods of financial analysis for the Fire Mutual Insurance Company.
37
Burmester, Cornejo Antonella Maria, Marzo Lizarraga Mirella De, Danziger Maria Angela Ghio, Gonzales de Orbegoso Vicente Solari, and Sepulveda Julio Alejandro Torrealva. "TrainIN: Plataforma Digital de Entrenamiento." Bachelor's thesis, Repositorio Académico - UPC, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652304.
Full textAbstract:
En el presente trabajo se realizará una startup para el curso de negocio sostenible implementación. Debido a la coyuntura que atraviesa nuestra sociedad se decidió crear un emprendimiento que consiste en la creación de una plataforma virtual que brinda un servicio de distintos tipos de entrenamientos para jóvenes que les gusta hacer deporte, ofreciéndoles la opción de entrenar cuando quieran y donde quieran. Nuestra marca tiene el nombre de “TrainIN” que en español significa entrena-dentro. Las fuentes de ingreso se establecerá con respecto a las suscripciones que realicen nuestros clientes, en este caso será de 35 soles mensuales. La publicidad de nuestra marca se realizará a través de las redes sociales, siendo Instagram la de mayor impacto. Para poder desarrollar el giro de nuestro negocio se tendrá que realizar un inversión de 20 mil soles, que será respaldado en base a los aportes de los fundadores ( 25 %) e inversionistas (75%). Misión: Contribuir con la buena condición física de nuestra comunidad a través de entrenamientos de calidad que podrán realizar desde la comodidad de sus hogares. Visión: Ser el centro de entrenamiento online líder en Perú, brindando un servicio de calidad a nuestros clientes, ofreciendo valor a nuestros colaboradores y promoviendo la vida saludable entre todos nuestros miembros.This research attempts to develop a Start Up based on the needs that have raised because of the pandemic which is a digital training platform named TrainIN that offers multiple exercise options. This way the customers can train whenever and wherever they want. All marketing efforts will be carried out through social network with Instagram having the biggest impact on terms of awareness and reach. On one hand, our income source comes from the monthly subscriptions that have a cost of 35 soles. On the other hand, to get the business going, TrainIN will invest 20,000 soles which will be funded by the founders (25%) and investors (75%). Mission: Contribute with our community’s physical condition providing multiple exercise options for them to do from home or wherever they like. Vision: We dream of leading the online training market in Peru by offering high quality service to our clients and teachers.
Trabajo de investigación
38
Деревянко, Богдан Володимирович, and Bogdan Derevyanko. "Щодо компетенції навчальних закладів у відносинах зі споживачами освітніх послуг." Thesis, Миколаїв : Іліон, 2012. http://dspace.puet.edu.ua/handle/123456789/6739.
Full textAbstract:
Main volume competence educational institutions in dealing with consumers of services and other entities or state bodies determined by law. However, some of the mutual rights and obligations of educational institutions and customers arising from the contract. Among them are the important questions about the size and payments consumer or customer provided educational and other services. The scope of competence educational institutions in relationships with consumers can vary situationally and can not be determined by the rules of any one branch of law. Зобов’язання ВНЗ вести освітню діяльність випливає з чинного законодавства і наявності у нього свідоцтва про державну акредитацію, але ніяк не з договору. Диплом про освіту дається не в силу договору, а у зв’язку з тим, що випускник ВНЗ володіє необхідним рівнем знань, вмінь та навичок і успішно витримав випускні іспити. Не договором, а чинним законодавством визначаються і обов’язки учнів. Проте таку позицію можна підтримати лише в цілому, оскільки договір не може не породжувати прав та обов’язків, а відповідно не бути компетенційним актом. Інакше нівелюється саме значення договору. Дійсно, основний обсяг компетенції НЗ у відносинах із споживачами своїх послуг та іншими суб’єктами господарювання чи державними органами визначається законодавством. Проте окрема частина взаємних прав та обов’язків НЗ і замовників виникає на основі договору. Серед них можна назвати чи не найбільш важливі на сьогоднішній день питання про розмір і порядок оплати споживачем чи замовником наданих освітніх та інших послуг. А загалом обсяг компетенції НЗ у відносинах зі споживачами може ситуативно варіюватися і не може визначатися за правилами будь-якої однієї галузі права.
39
Carpentier, Stéphanie Frédérique Géraldine. "Pratiques et régulation des activités commerciales en entreprises industrielles et système d'information : une contribution à la gestion des ressources humaines des commerciaux." Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO33031.
Full text
40
Salhi, Jamal. "Les Activités commerciales en Maurétanie tingitane à l'époque romaine." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618413z.
Full text
41
Meyer, Frédéric. "La règlement des differends dans les activités spatiales commerciales /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30801.
Full textAbstract:
Various characteristics of commercial space activities, such as their exceptionally rapid development, the special environment and legal framework in which they develop or the significant risks their participants are facing generate for the latter specific needs in terms of dispute settlement methods.A systematic analysis of all existing mechanisms reveals that arbitration is and is likely to remain in the future the mode of settlement which is the most appropriate to the interests of the commercial space actors.
42
Ben, Rbia Khadija. "Les activités commerciales dans la nouvelle Médina de Casablanca." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10043.
Full textAbstract:
La nouvelle medina de casablanca a ete creee et imposee par l'administration francaise afin de cantonner la population autochtone et de permettre le developpement de la ville europeenne. Destinee a l'habitat, la nouvelle medina a accueilli les habitants ainsi que les commerces chasses du centre ville, elle a fini par adopter une double emploi. Une fonction residentielle et une fonction ceconomique incarnee par la presence des activite commerciale dans la nouvelle medina. Le palais royal, la mosquee de moulay youssef, le quartier des habous, la route de mediouna et la station de garage allal ont encourege ces implantations. La structure commerciale de la nouvelle medina est differentes de celle des autre s anciennes medinas maghrebines par l'organisation et par le groupement commercial. La multiplication des etablissements commerciaux et des kissarias s'expliquent par les differentes possibilites qu'offre ce quartier aux consommateurs et notamment la zone d'el haffari; le choix, la qualite, le prix et l'originalite. Cette progression n'est qu'une reponse au dynamisme commercial. Les differentes formes du commerce, greffees sur l'espace residentiel ou implantees dans un espace reserve exclusivement a l'equipement commercial representent l'essenti el de la distribution a des echelles differentes, et constitue un element tres dynamique. L'abondance excessive des petites activites de commerce, prestation de services et d'autres metiers sans locaux exerces dans les differentes rues de la nouvelle medina est l'expression d'un desequilibre socio-economique.
43
Salhi, Jamal. "Les activités commerciales en Maurétanie tingitane à l'époque romaine." Rennes 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN20025.
Full text
44
Castro, Sami. "Les Associations exerçant une activité commerciale contribution à la théorie de l'entreprise /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603705r.
Full text
45
Bourgeois, Frédérique. "Les activités commerciales dans une ville moyenne indienne : Ratlam (Madhya Pradesh)." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010626.
Full textAbstract:
La notion de "ville moyenne" est tout d'abord abordee par une analyse bibliographique menee a deux niveaux, inde et pays en developpement. Elle est ensuite etudiee a travers l'exemple de la ville de ratlam (madhya pradesh). En opposition a l'approche dualiste de l'economie urbaine, les activites commerciales sont analysees selon un angle structurel et a partir d'une enquete realisee directement aupres des commercants. Cette methode a permis de reconstituer l'appareil de distribution commerciale et de comprendre comment et pourquoi se reproduisent ces activites dans une ville comme ratlamWe approached the notion of "medium size town" through a bibliographical abstract conducted at two levels, india and developing countries. Then we studied it through the exemple of ratlam city (madhya pradesh). As opposed to the dualist approach of the urban economy, we analysed the commercial activities according to a structural point of view and from surveys directly conducted close to the shopkeepers. This method allowed us to reconstitute the structure of the commercial distribution system and to understand how and why these activities reproduce themselves in a city like ratlam
46
Gagnet, Philippe. "La Cartographie des activités commerciales contribution à l'analyse géographique du commerce français /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376137456.
Full text
47
El, Ayachi Mounira Tournafond Olivier. "Les fonds professionnels contribution à la distinction des activités civiles et commerciales /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/05CERG0245.pdf.
Full text
48
Gagnet, Philippe. "La cartographie des activités commerciales : contribution à l'analyse géographique du commerce français." Paris 12, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA120052.
Full textAbstract:
Utilisant les concepts de la graphique et de la semiologie graphique, faisant le point sur les nouveaux apports de la cartographie automatisee et en couleur, cette these presente une methodologie de la cartographie des activites commerciales. Une typologie des cartes tant technique (analyse de l'information) que geographique (les differentes echelles d'applications cartographiques) a ete definie. Les contraintes propres a ces divisions de l'espace sont exposees en detail (a l'echelle elementaire, de l'agglomeration et de la region) pour montrer leurs complexites. L'interet de la carte, sa contribution a toute etude de geographie commerciale est pleinement affirmee. La carte voit se developper un besoin considerable chez les professionnels du commerce a cause de la demande croissante en atlas et cartes d'etudes de marche, en plans de centres commerciaux ou des commerces de centre-ville. Les nouvelles possibilites de la cartographie par micro-informatique, en couleur, et les contingences de formation sont des donnees essentielles, a ne pas negliger dans ce domaine. La carte se revele finalement constituer un support a la diffusion et a la valorisation de la recherche en geographie commerciale hors des milieux universitaires, en contribuant a une prise de conscience des possibilites de l'analyse geographiqueUsing concepts of "graphique" and "semiologie graphique", showing the new contributions of color and automatic maps, this thesis describes a methodology of commercial activities maps. After a recall about geography of commercial activities and maps, it contains a technical (information analysis) and geographical models (various scales for making these maps : local, conurbation, geographical region) with much examples. The map interest for a commercial geography study is totally affirmed. Trade professionals are very caller but they don't know the right mapping rules. At last, the map is an excellent stand for the diffusion and developping research in geography of commercial activities, out of universities, conducing to realize gegraphical analysis possibilities
49
El, Ayachi Mounira. "Les fonds professionnels : contribution à la distinction des activités civiles et commerciales." Cergy-Pontoise, 2005. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/05CERG0245.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
La transformation du cadre économique due au processus de globalisation a modifié les conditions du jeu économique. Aussi, la distinction entre activités civiles et libérales, si bien ancrée dans la pensée juridique française, loin de revêtir les formes d'une vérité absolue, doit faire l'objet d'une dialectique juridique. Cette étude a été l'occasion de démontrer le manque de cohérence de cette distinction traditionnelle. Les concepts actuels méritent donc de faire l'objet d'une restructuration d'ensemble. Deux pistes de recherche ont été envisagées : le concept d'entreprise et l'institution de la fiducie afin de constituer une solution opportune sans encourir les critiques inhérentes aux fonds professionnels actuelsThe transformation of the framework due to the globalization process has modified the condition of the economic game. Also, the distinction between commercial or civil activities, which is so well covering in the French legal thinking, far from covering the formes of an absolute truth, has be the object of a legal dialectics. This study will be the occasion to demonstrate the lack of coherence of this traditional distinction. The actual concepts deserved being the object of an overall restructoring. Two tracks of research have been contemplated : the concept of the concern firm and the institution of the trust in order to constitute an opportune solution without the inherent critics to the actual professional funds
50
Giaoui, Franck S. "Indemnisation du préjudice économique en cas d'inexécution contractuelle : étude comparative en common law américaine, droit civil français et droit commercial international : application aux avant-contrats, atteintes à la réputation commerciale et activités sans base établie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D036.
Full textAbstract:
Force est de constater l'absence dans les textes de loi d'une définition précise de la réparation intégrale et a fortiori de règles d'évaluation des dommages-intérêts compensatoires. La doctrine tente bien de pallier ce vide en décrivant les différents types d'indemnisation, notamment aux États-Unis. Pourtant, la difficulté reste entière lorsque le préjudice existe mais que son estimation est délicate ou incertaine. En effet, ces questions sont considérées uniquement comme des questions de faits ; les juges du fond restent donc souverains, ce qui débouche sur une grande imprévisibilité pour les parties. Réduire l'imprévisibilité judiciaire du dommage passe par le choix et la définition d'un cadre de travail commun. S'appuyant notamment sur les résultats d'une analyse empirique comparative de centaines de cas de jurisprudence, l'étude formalise des prescriptions à l'intention des parties qui souhaitent améliorer leurs chances de succès dans le recouvrement des gains manqués et de la perte de chance. Elle évoque aussi la nécessité d'améliorer la pratique judiciaire dans l'application du droit actuel à la réparation intégrale. Surtout, elle aboutit à une conclusion normative fondamentale qui consisterait à considérer le préjudice économique et financier, les dommages intérêts et le calcul du quantum également comme des questions de droit. Dès lors, il relèverait d'une bonne justice que la Cour de cassation préconisa et contrôla l'usage de telle ou telle méthode d'évaluation. Chaque chef de préjudice économique serait ainsi qualifié juridiquement et la notion de réparation intégrale serait élargie pour indemniser plus complètement le préjudice économique difficilement quantifiable.Il ressort enfin que des barèmes référencés d'indemnisation peuvent être construits à partir de l'observation de précédents jugés d'inexécutions contractuelles. L'introduction de ces barèmes pourrait bénéficier aux chercheurs dans leurs débats académiques, aux parties dans la rédaction de leurs contrats, aux conseils dans leurs échanges précontentieux voire aux juges comme outil d'aide à la décision. Si ces barèmes étaient validés et partagés, ils pourraient donner naissance à des modèles d'intelligence artificielle de type machine learning dont la valeur -notamment prédictive -serait sans commune mesure avec ce qu'on en perçoit aujourd'huiLaw statutes and codes lack of a precise definition of the « full compensation » principle, and a fortiori they Jack of rules for assessing compensatory damages. The legal doctrine tries to fil] in the blank by describing the different types of damages awarded, notably in the United States. Yet, the issue remains full when the Joss is certain but its valuation remains complex or uncertain. The assessment of the economic Joss and the calculation methodology for damages are considered to be only matters of facts: trial courts and judges thus retain a sovereign power, resulting in great uncertainty for the parties. Reducing judicial uncertainty requires the choice and creation of a common framework. Based on the results of an empirical law and economics analysis of several hundreds of precedent cases, the dissertation formulates simple and practical suggestions for parties looking to improve their chances of success in recouping lost profits and lost opportunities. It also evidences which improvements of the judicial systems are required in order to actually implement the current right to full compensation. More importantly the research reaches a fundamental nonnative conclusion: economic Joss, compensatory damages and hence, the calculation of the quantum granted should be considered, not as mere matters of facts but also as matters of law. Henceforth, it would be logical that the Cour de cassation ( or the highest court) advises and controls the use of calculation methodology. Each head of damages would thus be legally qualified and the principle of full compensation would be extended in order to better compensate the loss when evaluating its quantum is complex. It finally results that referenced compensatory scales can be practically developed from compiling relevant legal precedents. The introduction of such scales would benefit academics in their debates, parties in the drafting of their contracts and counsels in their pre-trial exchanges. Eventually, judges could use them as tools to assist their rulings. If those scales were to be adopted and shared, they would enable the creation of such artificial intelligence as machine learning which value - notably the predictive value - would far exceed what is perceived today