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Cobb, Matthew Adam. "Roman trade in the Indian Ocean during the Principate." Thesis, Swansea University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678420.
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Lally, Jagjeet. "Indo-Central Asian trade, c.1600-1900." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648595.
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Anandpadmanabhan, Narayanan. "Value Added Services in India." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-47484.
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Value Added Services (VASs) have become one of the major revenue generators in the telecom industry. Most of the telecom subscribers have started using VAS and it has become an important service for the customers. The objective of the project is to evaluate and analyse the need for value added services in India. The report begins with a discussion of existing VAS provided by 2G wide area cellular technologies and how these will change with the introduction of 3G technology. Following this the value chain of VAS is discussed. Next new trends, drivers, and challenges of the VAS are discussed in detail. The impact of content developers and software development on VAS are discussed. Then a method to analyse VAS is discussed, followed by method of analysing the ringback tones with respect to a company is provided followed by the method to analyse the importance of the content providers in the value chain. Then the Mobile commerce VAS is analysed in detail and ringback tone service provided by OnMobile Company is analysed in detail, followed by an analysis of the role of content providers in value chain. A survey on different services provided through VAS is taken among few of the VASs users in India and the results are included with graphs in the report. The thesis analysis results are very important in the modern telecommunication industry as VAS plays a major role in generating huge revenue and currently many industries are focusing on to provide mobile commerce services to its customers. The thesis answers various questions like, what are the different M-commerce services that are provided to the customers in the telecom industry. Why OnMobile Company provides different varieties of ringback tones to the user? Why the role of content providers is very important in the Value chain? The report concludes with conclusions explaining the different insights that are gained from the analysis of the VAS (M-Commerce), Ringback tones provided by OnMobile, role of content providers in the Value chain and the survey results. It is followed by the some suggestions and possible future work concerning Value Added Services in India.Value Added Services (VASs) har blivit en av de största inkomst generatorerna i telekombranschen. De flesta av Telecom abonnenter har börjat använda VAS och det har blivit en viktigare service för kunderna. Målet med projektet är att utvärdera och analysera behovet av mervärdestjänster VAS i Indien. Rapporten inleds med en diskussion av befintliga VAS från 2G stort mobil teknik område och hur dessa kommer att förändras med införandet av 3G-tekniken. Efter detta kommer värdekedjan för VAS att diskuteras. De nästkommande nya trenderna, drivrutiner och utmaningar inom VAS diskuteras mer i detalj. Effekterna från innehållsutvecklare och mjukvaruutvecklingen inom VAS diskuteras också. Sedan kommer metoden för att analysera VAS att diskuteras, följt av en analys av ringsignaltjänsten med avseende på företag och en metod för att analysera betydelsen av innehållsutvecklare inom värdekedjan. Då mobil handel VAS analyseras i detalj och tillbaka ringningston tillhandahålls av OnMobile företag analyseras i detalj, följt av en analys av den roll som leverantörsrollen av innehåll i värdekedjan. En undersökning om olika tjänster som tillhandahålls via VAS tas bland några av de VASS användare i Indien och resultaten visas i grafer i rapporten. Avhandlingen analysresultaten är mycket viktiga i den moderna telekomindustrin som VAS spelar en viktig roll i att genererar stora inkomster och för närvarande många branscher fokuserar på att tillhandahålla mobil handel tjänster till sina kunder. Avhandlingen besvarar frågor som: Vilka är de olika mobila-handelstjänster som tillhandahålls inom telekomindustrin, varför OnMobile tillhandahåller olika typer av ringsignaltjänster till användaren? och Varför innehållsutvecklare är viktiga inom värdekedjan? Rapporten avslutas med slutsatser som förklarar de olika insikter som erhålls från analysen av VAS (M-Commerce), tillbaka ringningstoner från OnMobile, den roll som leverantörer av innehåll i värdekedjan och enkätresultat. Det följs av några förslag och möjliga framtida arbete om Value Added Services i Indien.
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Mukherjee, Soumyatanu. "Liberalisation, wages and sector growth : general equilibrium analysis for India." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33309/.
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This doctoral thesis enlightens different channels through which liberalised trade policies can have differential impact on the organisation of production in different sectors that subsequently seep into the relatively larger share of the workforce, employed in the agricultural or non-agricultural informal sectors with wage earnings below or just above the poverty line. In the four core chapters, this thesis brings together salient features of a developing dual economy like India, such as the dualism observed in domestic factor markets and co-existence of internationally non-traded goods, within the realm of general equilibrium framework that captures structural features of trade and production patterns for a typical developing country (DC hereafter) like India. Chapter 3 explains why a DC like India may experience a jobless growth in the organised sectors during liberalised regime within the framework of a three-sector mobile capital version of Harris-Todaro (HT hereafter) type general equilibrium model describing rural-urban migration with agricultural dualism and a non-traded intermediate input. Main findings support the fact that as a consequence of different trade reform policies, organised sectors have experienced increased competition from foreign markets which has forced them to relax labour laws, with the freedom to switch towards relatively capital-intensive techniques of production, resulting in retrenchment of relatively less productive workers and ending up with jobless pattern of growth in these organised urban sectors during the liberalised regime. These results are particularly interesting for their contradiction to the predictions of the standard HT model. Chapter 4 explores a controversial policy debate in DCs including India, concerning acquisition of agricultural land to set up Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in order to promote industrialisation. This essay critically analyses the implications of this policy, using a three-sector HT type general equilibrium model with the SEZ sector characterised with increasing returns to scale (IRS) sector, having an imperfectly competitive market. It is found that following an inflow of foreign capital due to the government policy of easing the entry criteria for FDI, the industry expands through spillover effects and in turn, the agricultural sector may expand for a sufficiently higher degree of scale economies in the SEZ sector through the general equilibrium implication on resource reallocation. The magnitude of urban unemployment may fall, albeit the workers in general will be worse-off due to reduction in the wage income. National income of the economy may increase and export by the SEZ sector may rise simultaneously, given a negligible income-elasticity of demand for the SEZ-good. These results are particularly interesting for their stark contradiction with the standard general equilibrium models of production and trade developed yet in this context and their policy implications. Motivated by a set of stylised facts based on provincial data for India, Chapter 5, by utilising a four-sector general equilibrium framework with segmented labour and capital markets (domestic), proposes that factor-specific technological progress only in the capital-intensive segment of the urban formal sectors may affect the urban informal workers adversely, while a technological progress (trade-induced) in the vertically integrated skill-intensive formal sector benefits them. The quantitative analysis demonstrates that when both of the formal sectors undergo capital-using technological progress, urban informal wage may improve, provided the vertically integrated formal sector could save more on the capital cost of production compared to the relatively capital-intensive formal sector and capital flows to the informal sectors. This helps understand trends in urban poverty given the strong association between urban informal wage and the degree of urban poverty. Finally, Chapter 6 develops a multi-sector full-employment general equilibrium model with internationally non-traded goods and international fragmentation in skill-intensive production, to understand the mechanism how trade-induced productivity improvement in the skill-intensive sector gets channelized to the informal sector(s) (in terms of real wages and employment conditions) through the existence of finished non-tradable and the corresponding domestic demand-supply forces. The underlying developing economy is characterised by dual unskilled labour market with unionised formal and non-unionised informal sectors, consistent with the empirical literature on developing economies like India. Numerical analysis has also been performed to simulate how the changes in elasticities of factor substitution in production of different sectors account for the movement in informal wage and therefore the movement in skilled–unskilled wage gap. This essay challenges the view that the relative wage-inequality in a DC like India with rigid organised sector labour market has unequivocally been governed only by the increase in the skilled wages. An extension with involuntary unemployment of skilled labour using the ‘fair wage hypothesis’ has also been presented that effectively demonstrates the robustness of the results obtained under the full-employment model.
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Das, Gupta Bejoy. "Exports and exchange rate policy : the case of India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306744.
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Kutaula, Smirti. "Antecedents and outcomes of psychological contract fulfillment : an empirical study conducted in India." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/70304/.
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Although human resources have been positioned as a key enabler for gaining and maintaining competitive advantage for organisations, the processes through which such advantage is achieved are poorly understood. As the psychological contract is considered a central construct in studying the employee-organisation relationship, this thesis proposes that it is likely to be an important mechanism explaining the relationship between HRM practices and employee outcomes. A framework in which psychological contract fulfillment acts as a mediator of the relationship between both human and structural agents (HRM practices, frontline management leadership behaviour and co-worker support) and employee outcomes (affective commitment, job satisfaction, intention to quit and absenteeism) is proposed and empirically tested. Theories of social exchange, organisational support, signalling and social information processing are used to explain these relationships. Data were collected through a staff survey based on 1,051 frontline employees employed in 35 private-sector work units in India. The proposed model was tested using PLS-SEM. A unique methodological contribution of this thesis is the treatment of high performance work systems and psychological contract fulfilment (facet) as formative constructs. The results largely support the proposed theoretical framework. Specifically, HRM practices, frontline management leadership behaviour and co-worker support had significant positive relationships with psychological contract fulfillment. In turn, psychological contract fulfillment was found to be positively linked to affective commitment and job satisfaction and negatively related to intention to quit and absenteeism. Moreover, the results provide substantial support for the partial mediation hypotheses, thus psychological contract fulfillment is an important conduit of the relationships between the three antecedents and employee outcomes. This thesis also considered two-way and three-way interactive associations among HRM practices, frontline management leadership behaviour and co-worker support while predicting psychological contract fulfillment. A significant positive interaction effect was observed for HRM practices and co-worker support, and a negative interaction effect between frontline management leadership behaviour and co-worker support. Thus, where co-worker support was high, the effects of HRM practices on psychological contract fulfillment was stronger. Whereas, co-worker support reduced the effects of frontline management leadership behaviour on psychological contract fulfillment, thus acted as a substitute.
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Faisal, Syed Mohammed. ""We are always in debt" : commerce and belonging amongst Muslims in South India." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/77295/.
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Parikh, Neeraj. "Strategies for E-Commerce Platform Adoption in the Manufacturing Sector in Western India." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2618.
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While 95% of Indian SME leaders have not adopted an e-commerce platform, the few SME leaders having adopted such platforms reported 64% higher sales and 65% higher profits. The purpose of this multi-case study, guided by the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory, was to explore the strategies that Indian SME leaders used to adopt e-commerce platforms to expand their businesses. Data for this study emerged from conducting face-to-face, semistructured interviews with 3 SME leaders who operated in the manufacturing industry in western India. The data analysis process included validating, coding, interpreting, and summarizing data and generating themes. Methodological triangulation of data obtained from interviews, observations, and document review resulted in 4 major themes: leveraging the marketplace model, dealing with tedious governmental requirements, finding well-trained employees, and handling fraudulent product returns. The study results may contribute to positive social change in western India by generating greater employment opportunities and increasing e-commerce literacy among online shoppers. Wider e-commerce adoption by SME leaders can generate a large number of employment opportunities for people living in western India resulting in a better quality of life. Increased use of e-commerce activities among online shoppers can result in higher awareness about online frauds, identity theft, malware threats, and overall online security.
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Chandra, Ramesh. "The impact of trade policy on growth in India." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20361.
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The objective of this research is to study the impact of trade policy on growth in India in a time-series framework. This has been done in several steps. In the first step, a time-series index of trade policy was constructed and its relationship with growth was examined. In the second step, the impact of trade policy on exports was examined. In the next step, we investigated the issue of causality between export growth and income growth to see if the export-led-growth hypothesis is valid even for a 'large' country such as India. Finally, the alternative hypothesis of government-led-growth was also tested since the governmental intervention in India was expected to engineer an economic take-off in India. If this latter thesis is rejected by the data, then, by contrast, the earlier thesis of export-led-growth (if accepted) would be rendered even more remarkable. In carrying out the above steps we have made use of cointegration and errorcorrection modelling. This is an appropriate me thodology to use for our purpose as it helps us to handle non-stationary time series and at the same time preserves the longrun information. More specifically, the Engle-Granger two-step approach, Johansen's Maximum Likelihood procedure and Granger-causality technique have been employed. The time period of our study is 1950-96. It emerges from this research that liberal trade policy leads to faster economic growth in India. Secondly, the elasticities of exports with respect to the real effective exchange rate and world income are quite large, signifying that world demand conditions were not significant in constraining Indian exports. Further, the available evidence suggests that the export-led-growth thesis is valid even for a 'large' country like India. In this context, what we actually find is that a two-way causality between export growth and output growth. Finally, the evidence presented by us suggests that the expansion of the government sector is detriment he government led-growth thesis is rejected by the data. An examination of this thesis at a disaggregated level shows that while the expansion of government investment has a negative impact on growth, the impact of growth in government consumption is insignificant. An interesting finding emerging from our study is that the investment ratio has an insignificant impact on growth in India The impact of trade policy on growth appears to be via higher productivity rather than through higher investment. The policy conclusion emerging from this study is that export pessimism of the past was misplaced and India would do well to pursue export expansion much more vigorously than hitherto. This would require policies aimed at offsetting the earlier anti-export bias, such as an aggressive exchange rate policy, lowering the degree and dispersion of protection further, de-reservation of (removal of reservation status for) the small-scale sector and liberalisation of the agricultural and consumer goods sectors. This would also require a strategy to tackle infrastructural bottlenecks, which are posing a serious constraint on India's growth and exports.
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Melazhakam, Mathew Joseph. "Exchange rate regimes of less developed countries : the case of India." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280302.
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Patnaik, Ila. "Consumption, fiscal policy and endogenous growth : the case of India." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/912/.
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Lochindaratn, Pachara. "Essays on preferential trade liberalisation and domestic tax policy : CGE evaluations for Thailand and for India." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10707/.
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This thesis employs the CGE approach to appraise three distinctive issues. Using hypothetical data, Essay 1 estimates how customs union outcomes are sensitive to market size and competitiveness. Further, common external tariffs are adjusted to ensure necessarily welfare-improving outcomes, thereby completely eliminating trade diversion. The results confirm that members’ gains are proportional to the union size, and the degree of market competition significantly alters the welfare outcome. Once common external tariffs are endogenised, members gain less while the whole world gains more as non-members become unaffected by trade diversion. Essay 2 assesses the FTAs Thailand has reached with Japan, China, India, Australia and New Zealand. The model constructed in Essay 1 is extended to accommodate the GTAP 6.0 database. It explicitly determines commodity market competition by sector and labour market paradigm by skill level to better reflect economic reality. Among these FTAs, JTEPA is the best, whilst TNZCEPA is the least beneficial FTA for Thailand. The gains from bilateral FTAs are trivial compared to those from the groupings that include ASEAN. Overall, trade diversion is offset by trade creation, thus the world finds all of the Thailand’s FTAs welfare-improving, albeit marginal. Essay 3 evaluates tax issues for India. It investigates the implications of domestic tax hikes tailored for the rebalancing of government revenue after an FTA among ASEAN, India, China and Japan. Income tax emerges as most effective, whereas production tax appears as least favourable. However, once taking into account the existence of untaxable economic activities, the most benign options measured by real output become consumption, production, income, and factor input taxes, respectively. Hence, the introduction of the substitution elasticity between taxable and untaxable goods largely alters the outcomes, and the informal sector ought not to be neglected if the government is to gauge true effects of domestic tax tools.
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Al-Khalifa, K. K. "Commerce and conflict : The English East India Company factories in the Gulf, 1700-47." Thesis, University of Essex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380560.
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Seth, Gautam. "Ground realities of virtual business a look at India and the United States of America /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2696.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 35 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-35).
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Balakrishnan, Pulapre. "Sectoral price detemination and the inflationary process : the case of India, 1950-80." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328504.
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Crerar, Anne. "Commerce and constitutionalism : the English East India Company and political culture in Scotland and Ireland, 1681-1813." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=201855.
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The examination of Scottish and Irish links with the Atlantic realm of the British Empire has made an important contribution to national histories and imperial historiography. This thesis concentrates on an underdeveloped field of eighteenth- century historical studies of Scotland and of Ireland. Eighteenth-century perceptions of the English East India Company (EIC) in Scotland and Ireland have been analysed throughout this study, an approach offering a number of advantages. By shifting the geographic focus, established conceptualisations of Scottish and Irish provincialism, formulated within the field of Atlantic history, have been reviewed using evidence relating to the Asian Empire. This dissertation also contributes to Scottish and Irish comparative historiography. It exposes distinct similarities and subtle differences in the reactions of Scottish and Anglo-Irish societies to the EIC. Factions within both societies sought access to global trade, particularly once the parliaments of their respective countries had been constitutionally liberated. The monopoly posed fundamental questions in the politics of union and empire in both Scotland and Ireland. It prominently featured in Irish debates over union at the end of the eighteenth century, just as it had in Scotland in 1707. Nonetheless, Scottish and Anglo-Irish societies remained sensitive to the extra- commercial character of the EIC. Proposals for participation in the East Indies trade offer insights into the complexities of their respective political cultures. Responses to the EIC have been used throughout this thesis to test influential theories in imperial historiography, regarding the political culture which promoted overseas expansion. Accepted ideas regarding the role of the British Empire in the construction of North British and Anglo-Irish identity have been challenged. The hypothesis that provinciality was a product of the Atlantic Empire is also contested. This dissertation questions certain aspects of the ‘gentlemanly capitalism’ thesis. The notion that East India patronage inhibited Scottish debate should also be reassessed. Furthermore the thesis contends that the importance of the Eastern Empire to contemporaries has been underestimated in both Scottish and Irish historiography.
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Kastner, Scott L. "Commerce in the shadow of conflict : domestic politics and the relationship between international conflict and economic interdependence /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3089468.
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Rafique, Shaheel. "The role of the migrant moneylenders in North-East India : the Kabuliwallahs of Assam." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266040.
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Efstathopoulos, Charalampos. "Middle power diplomacy in the WTO : India, South Africa and the Doha development agenda." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/51625/.
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The emergence of Southern powers constitutes a defining feature of contemporary global governance. Their rising impact has been particularly evident in the Doha round of WTO negotiations where leading developing countries have come to play an increasingly important role in the negotiating process. India and South Africa are two Southern powers that played a central role in WTO negotiations during 2001-5. Acting as representatives of the global South, the two countries determined to a considerable extent the positions of developing countries in conceding to the agenda being negotiated or blocking different stages of negotiations. They also projected, however, different strategies, interests and world-views, and ultimately achieved, with varying degrees of success, their relocation within the WTO. The experience of India and South Africa in the first four years of the Doha round constitutes a framework for understanding the conditions under which Southern powers are repositioning in the global trading system and in the international political economy. To understand the role of India and South Africa in the Doha round, this thesis will deploy a synthesis of middle power approaches as the theoretical prism for analysing the trade diplomacy of the two countries. Middle power approaches offer an ensemble of conceptual categories which allow for theorising the rise of Southern powers, delineating both the nature of their influence and their broader systemic role. The middle power roles of India and South Africa will be assessed through a detailed analysis of documents and public statements in the period under examination. It will be demonstrated that during the Doha round, both countries emerged as middle powers projecting a reformist world-view of multilateral trade negotiations. Their ability to effect change was severely conditioned by the leadership provided by the two major trading powers, the US and the EU, and their own capacity to sustain broad bases of followership in the global South.
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Smith, Blake. "Myths of Stasis : south Asia, Global Commerce and Economic Orientalism in Late Eighteenth-Century France." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0043.
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Cette thèse analyse la place de l'Inde et des échanges commerciales franco-indiennes dans l'élaboration en la France du dix-huitième siècle de la notion orientaliste que l'Asie n'est pas capable des progrès économiquesThis thesis examines the place of India and of Franco-Indian commercial exchange in the construction in eighteenth-century France of the Orientalist conception that Asia is incapable of economic progress
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Hu, Xiaoling. "Comparative studies between China and India of intra-industry trade and its implications for developing countries." Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285390.
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Le, Pichon Alain. "Le fonds de commerce de jardine, matheson & co : aspects de la civilisation commerciale a canton : 1829-1839." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040046.
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En 1832, date de sa fondation officielle, jardine, matheson & co. Etait, a canton, l'une des rares maisons de commerce anglo-ecossaises independantes. Comme ses concurrentes, elle exercercait ses divers metiers dans le sillage du commerce officiel de la compagnie des indes orientales britannique : commerce international des denrees -- principalement de l'opium, mais aussi des autres produits orientaux; commerce des instruments financiers; et commerce de l'argent-metal. Neanmoins, cette firme familiale de taille encore tres modeste au debut des annees 1830, fut la seule parmi toutes ses concurrentes a passer sans encombre apparent le cap de la decennie extremement difficile qui preceda immediatement la premiere guerre de l'opium. Mais entre la legende d'un succes facile, et la realite d'un succes commercial authentique, quoique aprement dispute aux deboires et aux erreurs, la difference est considerable. Ce fut seulement grace a son assise commerciale solide, a des appuis politiques habilement recherches puis entretenus par les fondateurs, et a des benefices toujours accrus dans le commerce de l'opium, que la firme reussit a assurer sa perennite et sa croissance jusqu'a l'oree de la cinquieme decennie du xixe siecle. Cette longevite, inhabituelle parmi les firmes cantonaises exercant leur activite a cette epoque, trouve sa principale explication dans les caracteristiques particulieres du fonds de commerce de la firme, tel que le developperent deux fondateurs aux talents complementaires, william jardine et james matheson. Le present travail, essentiellement fonde sur une analyse des archives comptables et discursives de la firme pendant la periode consideree, met en lumiere les caracteristiques du fonds de commerce de la firme a cette etape de son developpement, et l'habilete des fondateurs a reparer les breches repetees qu'y entamerent tour a tour les retentissantes faillites internationales, de meme que la plus grande dereglementation commerciale de l'epoque -- l'abolition par le parlement britannique du monopole de la compagnie des indes orientales pour l'importation du the de chineIn 1832, the year of its official foundation, jardine, matheson & co. Was one of the few scottish independent agency houses operating in canton. Like its competitors, it plied its different lines of business in the wake of the official trade conducted by the british east india company. Its business was made up of trades for which there was international demand -- principally opium, as well as other oriental products; financial instruments; and bullion. The family firm, however, which had remained very small up to the early eighteen thirties, was the only one among its competitors to sail through the extremely stormy waters of the ten years immediately preceding the first opium war with no apparent harm. But there is considerable difference between the legend of an easy success, and the reality of this hard-won commercial success, which was reached only through a constant fight against repeated misfortunes and human errors. A stable commercial foundation, political alliances developed with flair and assiduity by the founders, and ever increasing profits from the opium trade, were among the main reasons which combined to ensure that the firm survived, grew and prospered into the eighteen forties when others faltered and disappeared. This unusual longevity for a canton firm of the period is best explained by the special characteristics of its constituency, as it was developed by two founders endowed with complementary talents, william jardine and james matheson. The current work, which is essentially based on an analysis of the archives of the firm for the relevant period -- both its accounts and its correspondence -- highlights the characteristics of the firm's constituency at that stage of its development, and the founders' skill at organising, and sometimes at improvising, repair-work against the repeated onslaught of international bankruptcies and of the most important commercial deregulation of the time -- the vote by the british parliament to abolish the monopoly of the east india company for china-tea imports
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Kabajulizi, Julian. "The cost of bypassing MFN obligations through GSP schemes: EU-India GSP case and its implications for developing countries." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The principal objective of this research was a critical examination of the Generalised System of Preference schemes as a form of special and differential treatment under the Enabling Clause with specific reference to the complaint brought against the European Union (EU) by India regarding the EU's granting of tariff preferences to developing countries with illegal drug trafficking problem.
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Tahtooh, Hussain Ali. "Commercial relations between the Arab world and India (3rd and 4th/9th and 10th centuries)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2966.
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The present work is mainly concerned with the commercial relations between the Arab world and India in the 3rd and 4th / 9th and 10th centuries. The thesis consists of an Introduction and five chapters. The introduction contains a brief survey of the historical background to the Arab-Indian trade links In the period prior to the period of the research. lt also includes the reasons for choosing the subject, and the difficulties with which the research was faced. The introduction also contains the methods of the research and a study of the main sources. Chapter One deals with the Arab provinces, the main kingdoms of India, the political situation in the Arab world and India, and its effects on the subject. It also deals with the main economic products in the countries concerned. Moreover, the chapter focuses on the factors which encouraged the Arab-Indian trade. Chapter Two deals with the trade routes (Land and Sea routes), the caravans, ships, the sea ports and the commercial cities in the Arab world and India. Chapter Three deals with the trade procedures between the Arab world and India. It also deals with the taxes levied in ports and some land posts. The chapter ends by giving some details of the prices of of goods in both countries. Chapter Four gives a detailed account of goods exported and imported by both sides, and the real causes behind the export and import of these goods. The chapter also gives an account of how sometimes goods are imported by one side from the other in order to meet the local demands or to be exported in a process of trading nn a world wide scale. Chapter Five deals with a conclusion of what has been discussed earlier, in addition to some cultural aspects which have not been dealt with in the chapters above.
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Marwaha, Manisha. "The European Community and South Asia : development, economic cooperation and trade policies with India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, 1973-1993." Thesis, Keele University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319028.
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Van, Lent Wim. "Managing an early modern giant : issues and initiatives at the Dutch East India Company." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESEC0005.
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La crise financière récente a réveillé l’intérêt du monde académique pour les préceptes qui sous-tendent le comportement économique “rationnel”. En réponse au besoin d’une meilleure compréhension des fondamentaux du capitalisme, cette thèse prend une perspective historique sur XV quelques considérations managériales essentielles, parmi lesquelles la coordination principal-agent, la redistribution des bénéfices et la maximisation de la fiabilité et de l’efficience. Elle le fait par le biais de multiples analyses longitudinales de la Compagnie Néerlandaise des Indes Orientales (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, la VOC), qui opéra pendant la première vague de mondialisation et fut une pionnière des principes managériaux modernes. Se basant sur une combinaison de données quantitatives et qualitatives, et instruite par la théorie de l’agence et par l’institutionnalisme, cette thèse fait deux contributions théoriques larges. En premier lieu, en soulignant la réactivité de la Compagnie à l’évolution des exigences d’un monde en mutation, elle enrichit l’état des connaissances sur la VOC, qui était jusqu’à présent fortement orienté vers la contextualisation historique et minimisait l’importance de l’action managériale. En deuxième lieu, elle démontre que la gestion de la VOC, bien que guidée par des objectifs organisationnels modernes par essence, tels que le contrôle, la maximisation des revenus, ou l’optimisation opérationnelle, était formatée par des situations politiques et culturelles prémodernes. Ceci confirme de nouveau la thèse selon laquelle les racines de l’action économique “rationnelle” se trouvent d’avantage dans le pragmatisme et la construction sociale que dans une logique économique autonome. Sous cet angle, la lutte de la VOC pour réconcilier les objectifs de long terme et les exigences de court terme éclaire les problématiques stratégiques d’industries dynamiques ou émergeantes, et alimente le débat sur les facteurs, culturels ou politiques, qui ont contribué à l’état actuel du capitalisme occidentalThe recent financial crisis has reinvigorated an academic interest in the precepts upon which “rational” economic behavior is based. Answering to the need for a better understanding of capitalism’s fundaments, this dissertation takes a historical perspective on a number of core managerial issues, including raising capital, controlling agents and improving reliability / efficiency. It does so by means of multiple longitudinal analyses of the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie – VOC), which operated during the first wave of globalization and pioneered modern management principles. Together, the chapters cover all of the Company’s three important domains of activity: the Asian branch, the metropolitan upper echelons and the shipping between Europe and Asia. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative data and drawing on agency theory and institutionalism, the dissertation depicts the VOC as an actively governed organization that consciously addressed trade-offs and dilemmas. Elaborating how social and organizational processes contributed to the modernization of international business, the dissertation suggests that the roots of capitalism and “rational” economic coordination, which are often assumed to obey an autonomous economic logic, can be found in pragmatism and social construction. As such, the VOC’s struggle to reconcile long-term goals with short-term exigencies speaks to current strategic issues in dynamic or emerging industries and feeds into the debate on the factors (culture or political) that have contributed to the current state of western capitalism
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Sridhar, Naren. "Impact of product appearance and other influencing factors in the consumers' decision making : perceptual cycle model of urban young adults in India." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2018. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34769/.
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Product appearance has been considered a significant factor of influence in the consumer behaviour, but its impact alongside other factors like cost, features and intrinsic psychological factors on the decision making has not been in focus. This is especially the case in the Indian urban context where both consumer behaviour and the influencing factors have not been adequately studied. Based on the mixed methods research philosophy, this study employed both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, to empirically study the in-store consumer behaviour of the young urban Indian adults (18-25 years). The product category chosen for this study was both a functional and a fashion accessory: wristwatches. Literature related to the various areas of the cultural, sociological and economical conditions of the Indian consumer context were studied alongside theories of consumer behaviour based on cognitive psychology. Primary data was collected from a combination of 74 questionnaire survey responses, 101 observation episodes and 7 expert interviews. This large amount of data was analysed based on the paradigms of grounded theory coding levels as well as the theoretical foundation of the perceptual cycle model. The findings of the study presented an interesting and new perspective of the Indian consumer filling existing gaps in knowledge. The main finding related to product appearance vis-à-vis other competing factors as ‘stimuli’, was that it has very low influence on the in-store purchase behaviour of the Indian consumer, with limited impact on the final purchase decision, cost factor is the key influencing factor in this decision. However, the other key influencing factors in the ‘exploration’ and ‘schema’ were the socio-psychological factors of peer groups, family influence, conformity and symbolic interaction, each of which were examined independently and together in the perceptual cycle. The finding also augmented the pivotal role of peer and family influences on the decision making. Finally, a new conceptual framework, based on the perceptual cycle model and reasoned action model, in the form of an integrated decision model, amending the deficiencies in both, to include the key factors of emotions, attitudes, beliefs and behavioural intent was developed based on the findings of the study.
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Heeks, Richard Brendan. "State policy, liberalisation and the development of the Indian software industry." Thesis, n.p, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Van, Wyk J. W. "A critical legal and economic analysis of the potential threats and opportunities associated with the outsourcing of e-commerce services in developing countries with specific emphasis on India and selective SADC countries." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This paper has critically investigated the nature of risk posed by regulatory authorities in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-ordination and Development)countries in inhibiting the flourishing growth in the market for the outsourcing of e-commerce services in certain developing countries. In order to illustrate the extent of the benefits contained in the e-commerce outsourcing trade, specific attention was paid to the dramatic trade growth experienced in India, with outsourcing contracts representing a sizeable percentage of the Gross Domestic Product of that country and with all the prospects for continued future growth.
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Saxcé, Ariane de. "Commerce, transferts, réseaux : des échanges maritimes en mer Erythrée entre le IIIe s. av. n.è. et le VIIe s. de n.è." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040028.
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La présente étude explore les relations maritimes établies pour des raisons commerciales entre le monde méditerranéen, l’Inde du Sud et Sri Lanka, entre le IIIe siècle av. n.è. et le VIIe siècle de n.è. Il s’agit dans un premier temps d’élaborer une synthèse quantifiée des imports issus du monde gréco-romain d’après les vestiges archéologiques découverts en Asie du Sud, en les confrontant aux autres types de sources. Cette synthèse nous conduit à nous pencher sur les contacts culturels que les liens commerciaux ont favorisé dans leur sillage : transferts, métissages, imitations et appropriations. Dans un dernier temps, ce sont les flux inverses qui ont fait l’objet de notre attention, décelables à travers les objets exportés par l’Inde et Sri Lanka vers les côtes de l’Arabie, de l’Afrique, du golfe Persique et de la mer Rouge. Il apparaît que les témoignages du commerce n’impliquent pas de très grandes quantités échangées mais n’ont pas été dénués malgré tout d’un impact certain sur les sociétés. Ainsi se tissent des réseaux complexes qui impliquent tous les acteurs de cette zone géographique, dont les extrémités est et ouest que sont l’Asie et la Méditerranée constituent une des facettesThis dissertation deals with the maritime connections that took place between South Asia (South India and Sri Lanka) and the Mediterranean world between the 3rd c. BCE and the 7th c. CE. It first establishes a global account of the archaeological remains found in South Asia that show the importation of Mediterranean products into this area, by comparison with other types of sources (texts, inscriptions, coins). The study then proceeds towards the social and cultural impact that these imported goods may have had on local populations, with regard to their proper way of appropriating foreign sources of inspiration depending on the regional context. Lastly, attention has been drawn on the return flow of goods from East to West, through archaeological vestiges located on the coasts of Egypt, Africa, Arabia and in the Persian Gulf. This leads to a reassessment of the global quantity of commercial goods crossing this large area, which may have been inferior to what was previously considered, whereas the social and cultural impact is not to be denied. The full picture of these interactions gives an image of a very intricate and complex network, involving lots of intermediaries, middlemen and local networks, which would have created a strong background for the direct long-distance links
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Elgin, William Blanke. "The Itinerary of Jan Huygen van Linschoten: Knowledge, Commerce, and the Creation of the Dutch and English Trade Empires." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1617724657737613.
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Lu, Lu. "Anti-dumping actions against China : a comparison of European Community and Indian laws and policies." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1951584.
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Gialdroni, Stefania. "Per una storia giuridica della East India Company : responsabilità limitata e principio maggioritario nel 17. secolo." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0162.
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Le 31 décembre 1600 la reine Elisabeth I ère d'Angleterre fonda la Governor and Company of merchants of London trading into de East-Indies (la Compagnie des Indes Orientales anglaise), mieux connue sous le nom de East India Company (BIC). Dans cette recherche nous avons poursuivi deux buts fondamentaux: combler une lacune et vérifier des lieux communs. La lacune était celle de la description de l'histoire juridique de la EIC pendant le XVIIème siècle. Les lieux communs étaient celui de la présumée responsabilité limitée des membres de la compagnie et celui du présumé caractère soi-disant « démocratique» de son organisation. En traitant de la première question, nous avons constaté que la solution adoptée par la compagnie était très pragmatique: en cas de besoin, on recourrait au prêt externe ou on obligeait les membres à faire des apports de fond au capital (leviations). Le patrimoine des membres, en conclusion, n'était pas attaqué directement par les créanciers, mais seulement par l'intermédiation de la compagnie elle-même. Quant au caractère démocratique de la EIC, nous sommes arrivés à la conclusion que la compagnie était effectivement une organisation démocratique, mais seulement pendant les 57 premières années de son existence. Après, le droit au vote fut lié au montant de la souscription: la transformation d'une majorité numérique à une majorité de capital avait commencéThe Governor and Company of merchants of London trading into the East Indies, better known as East India Company (BIC), was founded by a charter from Queen Elisabeth l on December 31st 1600. This research, which aims to analyse "the mother of the modern corporation" from a strictly legal historical point of view, focuses on two "historical commonplaces": the one of the supposed limited liability enjoyed by the company's adventurers and the one of the supposed "democratic" character of its organisation. About the first point, our conclusion is that the company provided a very pragmatic answer to the liability question: on the one hand it borrowed money from outside, on the other hand, to pay the company's debts, the adventurers were made liable to pay leviations to the company (but not directly to the company's creditors). About the second point, we arrived at the conclusion that the EIC was a democratic organisation, but only until the middle of the 171h century: the passage from a majority of number to a majority of capital didn't take place slowly, during the 19th century (as a number of scholars have sustained), but suddenly, starting from the year 1657, and it grew stronger during the second half of that same 171h century that saw the foundation of the EIC
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Kuiters, Willem G. J. "Les Britanniques au Bengale, 1756-1773 : une société en transition vue à travers la biographie d'un rebelle : William Bolts (1739-1808)." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0021.
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Cette these a pour but de decrire le changement de nature de la presence britannique au bengale entre la bataille de plassey et le vote du regulating act par le parlement britannique en 1773. Cette periode est marquee par une crise de croissance du systeme de gouvernement de l'east india company. La compagnie, prise de court par les resultats imprevus des actes de ses representants au bengale, se vit brusquement placee a la tete d'un grand pays riche et peuple ce qui entraina une augmentation considerable des responsabilites administratives du gouvernement a calcutta qui dut faire appel a un plus grand nombre de servants, provoquant ainsi une forte croissance de la societe europeenne au bengale. L'auteur se propose de retracer cette evolution de la situation au bengale en suivant la carriere de william bolts. Les quatre premiers chapitres de la these dressent le decor des activites de la compagnie et de ses agents pendant la periode etudiee. Les sept chapitres suivants retracent la carriere de william bolts au bengale, en mettant l'accent sur ses entreprises privees, qui sont a l'origine de ses collisions avec ses superieurs hierarchiques. Les trois chapitres qui suivent traitent les actions en justice que bolts intente aupres des cours de la metropole contre ses anciens superieurs hierarchiques, ainsi que le defi public qu'il lance a la compagnie en publiant ses considerations on india affairs, oeuvre extremement critique, qui eut un retentissement considerable dans l'opinion publique londonienne. Enfin, le dernier chapitre resume les critiques formulees par bolts a rencontre de la compagnie elle-meme et de la facon dont elle gouverne ses possessions indiennes. Il est egalement fait etat des solutions qu'il suggere pour remedier aux defauts, anomalies et abus qu'il a expose; au public. Ces deux themes sont ensuite compares aux motifs qu'a le gouvernement britannique d'intervenir dans les affaires de la compagnie en 1772, et aux mesures effectives qui decoulerent de cette intervention, telles qu'elles figurent dans le regulating act de 1773. Bolts a ete le premier a reussir a "populariser" la question de l'inde et a la placer au coeur de l'attention et des debats publics, de meme qu'il fournit au peuple britannique la metaphore la plus repandue pour decrire ce pays, qu'il appelle "le plus riche joyau de la couronne britannique"This thesis describes the development in the nature and circumstances of british presence in india between the defeat of siraj-ud-daula at plassey and the regulating act of 1773. During this period, the english east india company was faced with an enormous growth of its administrational responsibilities caused by the acts of its proper servants in bengal over whom they could exercise but a limited control. This growth of administrational responsibilities provoked a growth of the number of servants in bengal and thus of the british community at calcutta. The company's administrational structures were rapidly overtaken by the circumstances and the company's bengal government experienced great difficulties in restraining its subjects. The author proposes an inside view of this evolution by following the career of william bolts. The first four chapters describe the company itself and the role and activities of its servants in bengal. The next seven chapters follow the career of william bolts paying particular attention to his private trade, which was at the origin of his collisions with the company's bengal executive. Three chapters are dedicated to the judicial actions bolts subsequently brings before the courts of justice in britain against his former superiors. The chapters also describe bolts' public attack on the company in publishing his considerations on india affairs, provoking the outrage of the metropolitan public. The last chapter pays attention to the particular criticisms bolts utters at the company's address and describes the solutions he proposes to repair the damage done and to put british government of india on a sound basis. These two themes are compared to the motives the british government had to interfere in the company's affairs in 1772 and to the measures that resulted from this interference as formulated in the regulating act of 1773. William bolts has been the first to "popularise" indian affairs and to place the subject at the heart of public attention and popular debate. He was the man who furnished the british with that most widespread of metaphors to describe the country they were to govern for more than two centuries: "the richest jewel in the british crown"
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Le, Doudic Kévin. "L'Inde vécue. De l'objet à la société, les français à Pondichéry (1770-1778)." Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIL397.
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Les recherches sur les compagnies françaises des Indes orientales connaissent depuis trois décennies un nouvel élan. Si aujourd’hui les volets économiques, administratifs et politiques du fonctionnement de cette aventure mercantile et de la présence française dans l’océan Indien sont bien connus, le cadre de vie quotidien de ses acteurs dans les comptoirs l’est beaucoup moins. Cette thèse propose de se concentrer sur la société française de Pondichéry et sur son environnement quotidien en prenant comme point de départ sa culture matérielle. À partir des archives notariales françaises de l’Inde au XVIIIe siècle, il est possible de redessiner cette société ultramarine et de saisir bien plus que le simple environnement matériel. Les modalités de l’implantation et de l’adaptation des Européens en Inde, peuvent ainsi être précisées. Ensuite, la structure proprement matérielle est identifiable : les approvisionnements des possessions françaises de l’océan Indien qui définissent la consommation, les choix et les logiques d’aménagement intérieur, etc. Enfin, l’environnement culturel dans lequel les européens évoluent dans les comptoirs de l’Inde est accessible, notamment grâce à l’étude du degré d’ancrage des individus dans la culture de l’océan Indien. Ont-ils cherché à préserver leur culture européenne, ou se sont-ils « indianisés » ? Des différences sont-elles visibles selon les époques, les catégories sociales et professionnelles étudiées ? Pour répondre à ces questions, les collections des musées européens et asiatiques, ainsi que le patrimoine architectural des comptoirs français de l’Inde du XVIIIe siècle, viendront enrichir et compléter les sources d’archivesOver the last three decades research on the French East India Company has seen a new impetus. If today the economic, administrative and political functioning components of this mercantile adventure and the French presence in the Indian Ocean are well known, the milieu quotidian of its players in the trading posts are less such. The present thesis focuses on French society in Pondicherry and on its daily environment, material culture being its starting point. Using the French notarial archives of India in the XVIII century, it is possible to redraw this ultramarine society and to understand much more than the simple material environment. The methods of the establishment and of the European adaptation in India can thus be clarified. Afterwards, the strictly material structure is identifiable: the supply of French possessions of the Indian Ocean, which define the consumption, the logic and choices of internal organization, etc. Finally, the cultural environment in which Europeans evolve in the Indian trading posts is accessible, notably as a result of studying individual’s degree of integration into the Indian Ocean culture. Did they seek to preserve their own European culture or were they ‘indianised”? Are there some differences noticeable according to the period, social categories and professionals studied? To answer these questions, the European and Asian museum’s collections, as well as the French trading posts architectural patrimony of India in the XVIII century, will enhance and complete the archive sources
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Yaseen, Muhammad Rizwan. "Modèles d'équilibre partiel pour les pays d'Asie du Sud : Déterminants et évolution de l'offre et de la demande pour l'alimentation d'humain et des animaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-04136321.
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Étant les pays les plus peuplés d'Asie du Sud, l'Inde, le Pakistan et le Bangladesh représentent ensemble environ 37% de la population mondiale sous-alimentée. Ainsi, ces pays sont d'un intérêt particulier pour l'analyse de leurs systèmes agricole et alimentaire et pour la réalisation de divers scenarios. Les principaux paramètres d'importance relatifs à l'évolution du système agricole et à l'état de la sécurité alimentaire de ces trois pays sont présentées dans le premier et deuxième chapitre de cette thèse. Les déterminants de l'offre sont présentés avec leur évolution dans le troisième chapitre de la thèse. Les élasticités directes et croisées d'offre de surfaces relatives aux produits bruts de chaque culture sont calculées par un modèle translog et analysées dans ce même chapitre. Les résultats indiquent notamment que les surfaces cultivée des principales cultures (blé et riz) sont relativement faible élastique au produit brut par rapport aux cultures mineures. Les déterminants de la demande pour l'alimentation humaine sont présentés avec leur évolution dans le quatrième chapitre de la thèse. Dans le même chapitre, les élasticités revenus, ainsi que les élasticités directes et croisées (compensées et non compensées) relatives aux prix des produits végétaux et des produits animaux principaux pris séparément puis, avec une hypothèse de budgétisation à deux niveaux, ensemble sont calculés pour ces pays en utilisant un modèle LA-AIDS. La relation entre les groupes agrégés de produits végétaux et animaux est également analysée. Il est apparu que les principaux produits alimentaires dans ces pays, comme le blé, le riz, les oeufs et le lait sont relativement moins élastiques à leurs propres prix que d'autres aliments (huiles végétales, sucre, etc..). Lorsque les dépenses augmentent dans ces pays, les consommateurs pakistanais et indiens diversifient plus leur consommation qu'au Bangladesh, passant des céréales à plus d'autres produits (lait, oeufs). Les déterminants de la demande pour l'alimentation animale sont présentés avec leur évolution dans le cinquième chapitre. Dans le même chapitre, les élasticités-prix directes et croisées pour les différents produits d'alimentation de l'alimentation animale sont calculés en utilisant d'abord une régression pour estimer la demande totale en fonction des productions animales (notamment de volailles, d'oeufs et de lait) puis une méthode d'estimation translog à partir de pseudo-données générés par un modèle de formulation nutritionnel pour obtenir les élasticités de demande pour ces trois pays. Il est apparu que dans ces pays, certains tonnages de blé et de riz sont consommés directement au niveau de l'exploitation par les animaux. Les utilisations totales de sons et de mélasses sont relativement élastiques à leurs prix au Pakistan et en Inde, mais relativement inélastique au Bangladesh. Le maïs, ingrédient important, est élastique à son prix et substitut des sons dans trois pays. Dans le sixième chapitre, la méthodologie utilisée pour la construction des modèles d'équilibre partiel est présentée ainsi que les modalités de son implémentation dans le logiciel GAMS avec utilisation du solveur non linéaire COUENNE. Les différents scénarios calculés pour 2009 et 2025 montrent l'influence de la variation des principaux paramètres exogènes (population, revenu par habitant, superficie totale cultivée, production animale et rendements des diverse cultures) sur les prix d'équilibre intérieurs, les superficies et les quantités (production, consommation, commerce extérieur) par rapport à la situation réelle de l'année 2009. [...] Suite et fin du résumé dans la thèseBeing the most populous countries of South Asia, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh together represents about forty percent of the world total undernourished population. Thus, these three countries are of particular interest in food and feed analysis. On supply side, the own and cross gross product elasticities for each crop are calculated by translog model. The crop areas of the major crops (wheat and rice) are weakly gross product responsive as compared to the minor crops. On demand side, revenue elasticities and the own and cross uncompensated price elasticities of main vegetal products and animal products taken separately as well as together are calculated for these countries by using the LA-AIDS model. It appeared that main food products in these countries like wheat, rice, eggs and milk are relatively less price elastic as compared to other food (vegetal oils, sugar). When expenditure rises in these countries, then Pakistani and Indian consumer diversify their consumption from cereals to other products (milk, eggs) more than Bangladeshi. The own and cross price elasticities for different feed products are calculated by using regression model and translog model on pseudo data generated by a feed nutritional formulation for these three countries. It appeared that in these countries, wheat and rice are consumed directly on farm level by animals to some extent. Total brans and molasses are relatively high price elastic in Pakistan and India but relatively inelastic in Bangladesh. Maize is highly price elastic and substitute of brans in three countries. The partial equilibrium model for each of the three countries implemented in the GAMS with nonlinear solver COUENNE has allowed the realization of various scenarios for 2009 and 2025. These scenarios calculated influence of variation in key exogenous parameters (population, per capita income, total cultivated area, animal production and yields of various crops) on domestic prices, area and quantities (, production, consumption, external trade) from the actual situation of 2009. The scenario of limiting the increase in the overall deficit of Southeast Asia between 2009 and 2025 (in order to promote intra-zone exchange) would be more beneficial for Pakistan as compared to the other two countries while the scenario to control and harmonize the evolution of agricultural prices in the three countries would be more beneficial for India compared to the other two countries. In the conclusion the main limitations and some ways of improving these partial equilibrium models are presented with previous qualitative results
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Saha, Amrita. "Essays in Indian trade policy." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/65085/.
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My thesis explores the political economy of trade protection in India. The first essay outlines the political economy of trade protection in India. My second essay asks: Has Protection really been for Sale in India? To answer this question, I use a unique dataset to explain the political economy of trade protection since liberalisation. The traditional Grossman and Helpman (1992) (GH henceforth) model of Protection for Sale (PFS henceforth) is used with a new measure of political organization. I undertake cross-sectional analysis for several years from 1990-2007 and use the pooled dataset. The third essay outlines the modified PFS framework that introduces a new measure of lobbying effectiveness to analyse how heterogeneity in lobbying affects trade protection. The underlying framework is based on the idea that government preferences or the market structure of the industry can influence lobbying effectiveness. The empirical evidence provides estimates on effectiveness and examines its determinants. The fourth essay explores: Is Protection still for Sale with Lobbying Effectiveness? I undertake an estimation of the modified PFS model against the conventional results presented in my second essay. I examine if differences in lobbying effectiveness can explain the variation in tariff protection levels across Indian manufacturing sectors and construct a direct measure of lobbying effectiveness for Indian manufacturing. Finally, I include additional political factors of importance to Indian trade policy. The fifth essay asks: Join Hands or Walk Alone? I examine the factors that affect the choice of lobbying strategy of Indian manufacturing firms for trade policy and consider the exclusive use of a single strategy, to lobby collectively (Join hands) and lobby individually (Walk Alone), along with the possibility of a dual strategy i.e. a combination of collective and individual lobbying using information from a primary survey across 146 firms. The results are new for India and reveal the overall preference of a dual lobbying strategy.
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Sandhu, Sukhbir Kaur. "What colours them green? An enquiry into the drivers of corporate environmentalism in business organizations in developing and developed countries." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/790.
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Drawing on perspectives from stakeholder, resource dependence, institutional and the resource based theories and using a multiple-case inductive study, this research reframes the drivers of corporate environmentalism in the context of developing and developed countries. Based on case analysis of 23 environmentally responsive organizations in India and New Zealand, corporate environmentalism in this research has been operationalized as a two level construct. Organizations were categorized as being at first order responsiveness when they were observed to recognize the importance of the natural environment and exhibited attempts to decrease their impact on the natural environment through the adoption of programmes aimed at pollution reduction and prevention, decreased resource consumption and recycling of wastes. Organizations at second order responsiveness were observed to exhibit a higher order commitment in integrating environmental issues into their strategic decision making. This involved strategies such as green product development and initiating projects aimed at industrial ecology. Detailed within and cross case analysis revealed fundamental differences in the drivers that propel business organizations in developing and developed countries to be environmentally responsive at each level. The findings of this study reveal that lax enforcement of environmental regulations in developing countries implied that domestic regulations were not a driving factor for corporate environmentalism. Neither was pressure from consumers or communities reported to be a driving factor. Instead first order environmental responsiveness in organizations in developing countries was observed to be driven by pressure arising out of internationalization. Thus pressure from multinational organizational customers in developed countries and the institutional pressures imposed by the liability of foreignness (that arises when these firms set up subsidiaries in developed countries) drives first order responsiveness in the organizations in developing countries. However higher order environmental responsiveness in organizations in developing countries was observed to be associated with deep rooted identities and capabilities based in social responsiveness. In the context of business organizations in developed countries, the necessity to comply with stringently enforced domestic environmental regulations emerged as the primary driver for first order responsiveness. Societal expectations to comply with environmental regulations reinforce the regulatory drivers. Internationalization drives first order responsiveness in organizations in developed countries to the extent that the requirements of the host country are additional to and exceed current regulatory requirements in the parent country. Higher order corporate environmentalism in organizations in developed countries was observed to be associated with environmentally high impact organizations. Such organizations are considered environmental liabilities and are forced by stakeholders (with access to resource needed for continuity of operations) to exhibit higher order responsiveness or face a cancellation of the license to operate. The major contribution of this research lies in extending and reframing the existing theory about the drivers of corporate environmentalism.
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Layton, Simon. "Commerce, authority and piracy in the Indian Ocean world, c. 1780-1850." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608198.
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Kadukoyickal, Jose Jincy. "Behavioural Intention in the M-commerce : A study of the usage of M-commerce applications in Indian market." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Informatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-46784.
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Background: Online shopping through mobile has become very popular around us today because of the unique value proposition of providing easily personalized, local goods and services at any time and anywhere. However, still, there are some challenges for users to adopt m-commerce as whole. This thesis has done to find the factors of the acceptance of m-commerce in India. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of the acceptance of m-commerce applications in India. Method: For this study, quantitative research was used to gather data. The author decided to reach the target groups for the survey through different social media platforms and the survey questions were based on the user acceptance model. Conclusion: The results show that M-commerce has developed in India but still people are not aware about to use this because of the lack of literacy, this may not be barrier for mobile adoption but it’s a huge challenge for the m-commerce where consumers may need to enter their username and password and these should not be compromised to third party.
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Singh, Jitendra Kumar. "Venture capital financing in India." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/770.
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Singh, Sanjay Kumar. "Pricing of new issues in India." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/933.
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Shirur, Srinivas. "Financial strategy of family business in India." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/960.
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Chander, Ramesh. "Performance appraisal of mutual funds in India." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4883.
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Kumar, Subodh. "Sectoral deployment of bank credit in India." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/5216.
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Singh, Radhey Shyam. "Financing of small scale industries in India." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/5299.
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Robert, M. "Profitability in Public Sector Banks in India." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/6040.
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Bansude, Vasant G. "Export potentiality of leather industry in India." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/6312.
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Munjal, Satish. "Performance budgeting in the State Bank of India." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3881.
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Kumar, Harmahinder. "Convertible debenture financing by private corporate sector in India." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3249.
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