Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Commerce – Modèles économétriques – Asie'
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Yaseen, Muhammad Rizwan. "Modèles d'équilibre partiel pour les pays d'Asie du Sud : Déterminants et évolution de l'offre et de la demande pour l'alimentation d'humain et des animaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-04136321.
Full textBeing the most populous countries of South Asia, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh together represents about forty percent of the world total undernourished population. Thus, these three countries are of particular interest in food and feed analysis. On supply side, the own and cross gross product elasticities for each crop are calculated by translog model. The crop areas of the major crops (wheat and rice) are weakly gross product responsive as compared to the minor crops. On demand side, revenue elasticities and the own and cross uncompensated price elasticities of main vegetal products and animal products taken separately as well as together are calculated for these countries by using the LA-AIDS model. It appeared that main food products in these countries like wheat, rice, eggs and milk are relatively less price elastic as compared to other food (vegetal oils, sugar). When expenditure rises in these countries, then Pakistani and Indian consumer diversify their consumption from cereals to other products (milk, eggs) more than Bangladeshi. The own and cross price elasticities for different feed products are calculated by using regression model and translog model on pseudo data generated by a feed nutritional formulation for these three countries. It appeared that in these countries, wheat and rice are consumed directly on farm level by animals to some extent. Total brans and molasses are relatively high price elastic in Pakistan and India but relatively inelastic in Bangladesh. Maize is highly price elastic and substitute of brans in three countries. The partial equilibrium model for each of the three countries implemented in the GAMS with nonlinear solver COUENNE has allowed the realization of various scenarios for 2009 and 2025. These scenarios calculated influence of variation in key exogenous parameters (population, per capita income, total cultivated area, animal production and yields of various crops) on domestic prices, area and quantities (, production, consumption, external trade) from the actual situation of 2009. The scenario of limiting the increase in the overall deficit of Southeast Asia between 2009 and 2025 (in order to promote intra-zone exchange) would be more beneficial for Pakistan as compared to the other two countries while the scenario to control and harmonize the evolution of agricultural prices in the three countries would be more beneficial for India compared to the other two countries. In the conclusion the main limitations and some ways of improving these partial equilibrium models are presented with previous qualitative results
Erkel-Rousse, Hélène. "Commerce international et différenciation de produit : modélisation théorique et applications empiriques." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010049.
Full textAbedini, Javad. "Coûts irrécupérables, anticipations et modélisation du commerce bilatéral : une approche théorique et empirique." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT4002.
Full textMany trade theories explain the empirical success of the gravity model. The impact of trade costs has recently been emphasized by the theoretical and empirical literature of the gravity model. In particular, Deardorff (2004) and Anderson & van Wincoop (2003, 2004) suggest the term of local comparative advantages based on relative trade costs to determine the bilateral trade model. However, the impact of trade costs is usually studied through trade barriers. In this thesis, we develop a new theoretical approach using some specific trade costs, notably sunk costs. Based on a theoretical model of entry in the presence of sunk costs, we show that the expectations matter for the firm's decisions to enter a market. This theoretical model makes it possible to introduce "expectations" in trade model. In the same way, we develop, as an example, the gravity model of Anderson & van Wincoop (2003, 2004) to take into account the expected relative trade costs in order to determine the bilateral trade flows. Using our theoretical approach, we present a new interpretation for the impact of monetary union, trade agreements and the institutional factors in the gravity models of trade. In addition, we develop an empirical gravity model to test our theoretical predictions about the role of expectations in trade. This model uses the data of a sample of 37 countries during 1988-2003. Many econometric specifications and tests are presented. The results strongly support our theoretical predictions
Mitraille, Sébastien. "Stratégies de stockage et de vente à terme en concurrence oligopolistique." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10084.
Full textSeveral mineral commodity markets are characterized by a huge concentration in supply, an active trading of forward contracts, or a large use of storage. How producers or traders may combine storage, capacity installation and forward sales when their decisions modify the price formation process ?
Wongchaiwat, Peerapat. "Politique de dividende des entreprises sur les marchés émergents d'Asie." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010057.
Full textBergès-Sennou, Fabian. "L'analyse économique des pratiques commerciales dans l' industrie agroalimentaire." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10015.
Full textThis thesis analyses the determinant factors for some commercial strategies in the agro-food industry :study of the promotional vehicle for coupons, rivate labels (PL); choice of the retailer for its PL production between the national brand (NB) manufacturer and a firm from the competitive fringe; monopoly quality choice in a framework where the unit demand is differentiated horizontally and vertically; impact of a competitor entry when demand is differentiated in two ways
Chiha, Aymane. "Marchés financiers et croissance économique dans les pays de Sud-Est asiatique : un modèle économétrique." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10005.
Full textIn this research task, we present a certain number of empirical results concerning the articulation between the development of the financial markets and the growth rate of the economies of the emergent countries of Southeast Asia. We defend the thesis according to which the existence of a money market in an emergent country can be regarded as a source of economic growth. We show that the financial markets, because their strong growth rate and their high output rate can support the economic growth by ensuring a better adequacy of investment savings, as well as by identifying and diversifying the risk of liquidity. This is not only for the benefit of national and international investors, but all the economy. We underline, that the opening of the financial markets to foreign investment constitutes, for the emergent countries, a great opportunity. The economies of these emerging countries need enormously these flows of capital. However, the size as well as the nature of these flows of capital and the speed to penetrate the economic systems can cause certain problems at the level of macroeconomic management and can have destabilizing effects. The Asian financial crisis points out in a particularly, spectacularly way, that the countries which open their financial markets to foreign capital become, in the case of reversal of the investor's confidence, vulnerable to massive exits of capital; what is likely to involve a strong depreciation of their currency, a destabilization of their financial system and a serious degradation of their economic results. Although the financial crises are inevitable, it is, however, possible to reduce the frequency and gravity of it. Consequently, the prevention of the crises is a priority
Pajot, Michaël. "Investissements directs à l'étranger et échanges de biens : quelles relations ?" Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010059.
Full textChapda, Nana Guy. "Trois essais en commerce international." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29920/29920.pdf.
Full textThis thesis consists of three essays in empirical and theoretical international trade analyzing two main subjects: estimation of Gross National product function and strategic policy in presence of exchange rate pass-through and production risk. The first essay offers an innovative approach for analysis the impact on trade of regional trade agreements (RTA) with application to the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Canada and the United States adopted in 1989, which was extended to Mexico as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. More precisely, we estimate a Translog Gross National Product function and test for endogenously determined structural change allowing for anticipated and lagged responses to regional trade agreements. We found that Canada embarked on a long transition path prior to the implementation of the Canada-US Trade Agreement, a result reminiscent of Magee’s (2008) results concerning RTAs’ trade creation effects. In contrast, the United States experienced an abrupt structural change a year after the North American Free Trade Agreement took effect. This reflects that smaller economies benefitting from larger changes in terms of trade are confronted to more complex adjustment processes than larger economies. In the second essay, we empirically investigate the implications of the choice of dates when imposing local restrictions to maintain convexity in output prices and concavity in factor endowments in the the estimation of a GNP function approximated by a Translog (TL) function. Using macroeconomic data for Switzerland, we compare the TL to a Symmetric Normalized Quadratic (SNQ) function on which global curvature restrictions can be imposed. When the functions are unrestricted for curvature, convexity in prices is violated more often than concavity in factor endowments. The number of points for which both curvature conditions hold is sensitive to the date at which local restrictions are imposed on the TL, but estimated TL elasticities are robust. Through searching for an appropriate date, the TL matched the SNQ’s ability to impose curvature conditions at all points. However, many TL and SNQ elasticities differ in sign and magnitude. The likelihood dominance criterion and in-sample forecasts comparisons favored the TL. Thus, choosing a functional form solely based on the possibility of imposing global curvature conditions is not advised. In the last essay, we develop a strategic policy model inspired by the maple syrup industry. The province of Quebec accounts for 71% of the world’s production. We analyze how strategic policy choices and exchange rate pass-through are influenced by vertical linkages and production shocks which are observed after input prices are determined and “planned production” decisions are made. Downstream competition is modeled as a Bertrand duopoly with a home firm exporting all of its production to the importing country which is also supplied by a domestic downstream firm. We specifically examine two cases depending on whether the input price is negotiated between the input producer and the downstream firm in the exporting country or simply fixed by the input producer. We always assume that the upstream firm sets the input price in the importing country. Our analysis shows that the exporting government should subsidize production/exports and the foreign government should subsidize local production whatever the case chosen. We also show that when there is rationing, the exchange rate pass-through is charaterized by a threshold effect that is quite unlike the sort of theshold effect described in models with menu costs.
Charpiot-Michaud, Frédérique. "Les échanges internationaux de biens agricoles et agro-alimentaires : une application au commerce de la Hongrie et de la Pologne avec l'Union européenne." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010002.
Full textThe dissertation is an analysis of international economics based on two industries : agriculture (raw products) and food industry (processed products). The objective is to test theoretical hypotheses on trade determinants. The theoretical framework must be dual. Indeed it is necessary to separate agricultural trade, which rather depends on Heckscher-Ohlin determinants (factor endowments), and food trade, depending on Lancaster (product differentiation) or Linder (demand) determinants. However the Krugman determinants (size of the economies and distance) are active for both trade categories. The method of analysis is based on estimating a disaggregated gravity equation that has been specified in the Bergstrand model. The estimation is applied to agricultural and food trade between Hungary, Poland and the European union. The various indices of international trade that have been used show that the Hungarian and polish specialization on the European markets is higher in agriculture than in food processing industry, and is declining during the 1990s. Moreover it is more inter-sectoral than intra-indutry. The followed method tests the determinants of trade and at the same time establishes a double taxonomy of the traded goods, based on technology (capital, labour or land intensive goods) and demand (necessary versus luxuous goods). At last the model enables to take into account the protection by integrating the tariff and non-tariff barriers that have been established by the European agreements. Then the results are used to analyse the agricultural integration process of the economies in transition into the European union
Carrère, Anne. "Modélisation économétrique du processus de formation des prix des métaux non ferreux." Toulouse 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10017.
Full textThis document presents a structural model of determination of the prices for aluminium, copper, nickel and titanium. The use of econometric techniques enabled the emphasize of the set of economic variables which are involved in the mechanism of formation of the quotations. From 1955 to the present day, the model reveals that prices are strongly responsive to the world economic environment and to important international political and social events. The prices tend towards a middle term equilibrium, going through transitory phases of unbalance that the metal producers and prices stabilization policies are trying to control
Ksaier, Ahmed. "Crise de change : essai de modélisation prévisionnelle dans les cas de la crises asiatique de 1997." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0013.
Full textThe Asian financial crisis triggered in 1997 differs from previous crises by both its intensity and scope. Its unprecedented devastating impacts have affected not only whole Asia but also the rest of the world through its contagion effect. From the experience of the Asian crisis of 1997, the objective of this work is to predict the occurrence of a currency crisis from a set of warning indicators. We open our work by a first chapter, which outlines the theoretical literature’s evolution relating to problems of currency crises. The second chapter is devoted to the development of econometric methodology, which is based on logit model. Indeed, it is used to evaluate the predictive ability of the indicators and identify the most contributory variables to the increased probability of currency crisis’ occurrence. In the third chapter, we sought to understand the dynamics of certain variables that reflect financial panics and other financial market instabilities. To refine the modeling of the complex dynamics that governs the daily returns of these financial series, we focus our attention on long memory process. The objective is to strive for the best possible model in order to improve changes anticipation in future returns and volatility, which is often associated to a measure of financial risk, and thereby minimize the risk of occurrence of a financial crisis. Finally, in light of the Asian crisis of 1997, the fourth chapter shows that currency crises have negative effects on economic growth and foreign direct investment
Jeong, Se-Eun. "Régime de change et taux de change d'équilibre des pays d'Asie de l'Est." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA131006.
Full textThis thesis treats the choice of exchange rate regimes of East Asian countries in the era of free movement of international capital. We recommend intermediate exchange regimes, relatively little volatile and stable around equilibrium exchange rates, and regional cooperative solution. We estimate equilibrium exchange rates for currencies of Japan, China and South Korea over 1980-2000 by using a multinational model describing external trade of these countries with the United States, Euroland and the rest of the world. For another East Asian countries (Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia) a simplified model is used for each of them and articulated with results of multinational model. The Fundamental Equilibrium Exchange Rates developed by Williamson was adopted as theoretical frame of reference. The overvaluation of yen and undervaluation of yuan after 1997-98 Asian financial crises are remarkable results of our simulations
Debbabi, Daassi Sana. "Processus d'influence de la téléprésence dans une publicité en ligne sur la formation de l'attitude à l'égard du produit : essai de modélisation." Toulouse 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU10040.
Full textThe objective of this research consists in modeling the influence’s processes of telepresence in online advertising on attitude formation towards the product. More precisely, our guiding line of inquiry can be stated as follows: in online advertising, how does telepresence influence the formation of the attitude towards the product? In order to answer to this research question, a conceptual model is proposed. This one introduces two cognitive and affective interdependent influence’s processes of telepresence on attitude towards the product. In addition, an external level of contingency is described. This one introduces moderating variables of the relationships’ intensities between telepresence, attitude towards the product and its mediators’ formation. In order to test the theoretical model, a quasi-experimental quantitative study is conducted. The study’s results validate the influence of the telepresence on the attitude towards the product via two interdependent processes. The first one is cognitive, based on product beliefs. The second is affective, based on emotions activated by the navigation in an on-line advertising. The results also bring to light the moderating effects of advertising format (3D vs 2D), product involvement level (low vs high) and product category (geometric vs material) of relationships’ strength between telepresence, attitude towards the product and its mediators’ formation. These results are interpreted and their managerial implications are discussed
Muhammad, Kabeer. "Union monétaire en Asie du Sud (Pays de la SAARC) : Faisabilité et impact." Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090034.
Full textThis thesis is written with focuses on the possibility of monetary union in South Asia (SAARC) countries. The study comprehensively analyzes the idea of Monetary Union in South Asian region with three perspectives. First we analyze the geographical characteristics of the region and compare it with the existing and potential monetary unions and through historical it is realized that the region during its most prosperous era share common currency. Second we apply the hierarchical and fuzzy cluster analysis to find out similar group within region. Finally we run the gravity model to evaluate the welfare effects of regional trade agreements specially the newly signed SAFTA in South Asia. The major outcomes of these studies are; (i). Geographically SAARC is reasonably comparable with European Union and other potential monetary union. (ii). History shows that the region was most thriving region under various dynasties having proper monetary system with single currency in 95% of the region. During these empires the share of world trade is very high as compared to present share of just 2% of the world trade. (iii). Cluster analysis show two or three similar groups in the region. Therefore, the start of monetary union with small group is a good idea. (iv). Similarly, the gravity model regression reflects that SAFTA has a little impact in creating intra-regional trade; however this is because SAFTA is in her infancy. Although we are in agreement with the endogeneity of optimal currency area and believe by creating monetary union will boost intra-region trade as well as economic development of the region
Juan, Sandrine. "Les modélisations économétriques d'estimation de coût dans l'industrie automobile : l'apport des techniques de bootstrap." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE023.
Full textBoylaud, Olivier. "Commerce intra-branche, intégration économique et nouvelle économie internationale : une approche multi-pays et multi-sectorielle." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX24001.
Full textMurcia, Véronique. "Modélisation économétrique de la dynamique du marché communautaire des vins de table : le cas français." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON10034.
Full textGbagbeu, Vramah Serge Marius. "Analyse des facteurs explicatifs du commerce international de biens environnementaux : Utilisation de modèles de gravité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29719/29719.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of the present study is to analyze the determiners of the trade of goods generally and the environmental goods in particular from the models of gravity of type CES and Translog inspired by the works of Novy (2012). Our results of estimation from these two models allow to say on one hand that the impact of the explanatory variables is more important on the flow of trade when we use the model Translog but this impact is not uniform and on the other hand that this impact is more important on the trade of the environmental goods to compared with the flow of the exchanges of all the goods in a general way. Finally, the value of the coefficients of regression so that of the elasticity cost of the trade from the model Translog are in the neighborhood of the results of the empirical studies which served as reference frame.
Lahet, Delphine. "Les crises financières dans les pays émergents : implication du secteur bancaire dans la crise asiatique." Bordeaux 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR40038.
Full textThis thesis examines the role of the banquing system in the triggering of the Asian financial crisis in 1997-1998. We show that currency crisis and runs models are quite inadequate (but can be withdrawn) to explain that crisis because they don't take into account nether the banking crisis that precedes the exchange rate crisis in Asia nor an encompassing approach of the crisis. By tests, we conclude that banking problems help to predict the asian currency crisis. Thus, we propose models of runs triggered by foreign investors and a cross generation exhange rate crisis. .
Freudenberg, Michael. "Échanges intra-branche et nature des relations internationales des pays de la Communauté européenne." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010037.
Full textThis thesis examines in a detailed mariner the inter- and infra-industry nature of trade of the twelve members of the European union and estimates econometrically the general determinants and the specific impact of the single european market. The theoretical part suggests that the helpman-krugman synthesis -opposing inter, industry trade between different countries and intra-industry trade between similar countries - needs to be overcome. The distinction between horizontal (different varieties) and vertical (different qualities) differentiation is capital: their determinants and adjustment costs can be very different. In the methodological part, we propose using unit values for some 10,000 products to decompose bilateral trade in three "trade types": one-way (i. E. Inter-industry) trade, two-way (i. E. Intra-industry) trade in horizontally differentiated products, and two-way trade in vertically differentiated products. A second indicator is then proposed to examine on which "price-quality ranges" the countries are positioned: up-market, medium-market and down, market goods. The empirical evidence underlines the importance of vertical product differentiation in the rise of two-way trade in europe. The results support neither the optimistic expectations of ex ante studies, where a rising share of two-way trade in similar products should translate in gains in variety with limited adjustment costs, neither the scenario of an inter-industry specialisation with increasing asymmetries among member states, which night have negative implications in the case of the monetary union. Adjustments are taking place within industries along the quality spectrum, rather than between industries. This thesis finds evidence of strong differences in the specialisation of member states in terms of price-quality ranges, suggesting a "qualitatively" division of labour, both within Europe and in trade with non-member states
Cadren, Muriel. "Modélisation à court terme des consommations de produits pétroliers en France." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOE007.
Full textThe analysis of petroleum product demand became a privileged thrust of research following the modifications in terms of structure and level of the petroleum markets since eighties. The greatest importance to econometrics models of energy demand, joint works about nonstationary data, explained the development of error-correction models and the cointegration. In this context, the short term econometric modelling of petroleum product demand doesn't only focus on forecasts but also on the measure of the gain acquired from using error- correction techniques and cointegration. It's fitting to take the influence of technical improvement and environment pressures into account in econometric modelling of petroleum products demand. The first part presents the evolution of energy demand in France and more particularly the petroleum product demand since 1986. The objective is to determine the main characteristics of each product, which will help us to analyse and validate the econometrics models. The second part focus on the recent developments in times series modelling. We study the problem of nonstationary data and expose different unit root tests. We examine the main approaches to univariate and multivariate modelling with nonstationary data and distinguish the forecasts of the latter's. The third part is intended to applications. Its objective is to illustrate the theoretic developments of the second part with a comparison between the performances of different approaches (approach box and Jenkins, Johansen approach's and structural approach). The models will be applied to the main French petroleum market. The observed asymmetrical demand behaviour is also considered
Naccache, Salma. "Hyperconnected e-commerce distribution sustainability : multi-agent simulation based assessment for e-vendors." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27439.
Full textThe growth of online sales of physical products demonstrates the interest of suppliers for the adoption of B2C e-commerce as an alternative distribution channel to the conventional retail channel. The benefits of B2C are promoted not only by the scientific literature but also by practically grounded professional literature. In fact, Web stores complemented conventional Brick-and-Mortar retail shops, allowing e-vendors to access a wide geographical range of e-consumers through the Internet. On the consumer side, accessing products at any time and home delivery enhance their shopping experience, notably through time and fuel savings. This common vision of B2C distribution benefits considers only «the visible face of the iceberg», confined to the ordering process and the last-mile delivery. In this thesis, we are interested in investigating the impacts of e-commerce distribution over a larger scope that encompasses the entire distribution system of e-vendors. In fact, the complexity of their multi-actor operational environment challenges their ability to manage their distribution operations in a sustainable way, while ensuring ever quicker deliveries to their e-consumers. Moreover, B2C distribution systems inherit the inefficiency symptoms observed through the current logistics environment. Besides, the concept of the Physical Internet (PI or π) enabled hyperconnected distribution is a priori a candidate alternative that allows e-vendors to improve their performance, in contrast with current B2C distribution approaches. Through an exploratory study, this thesis investigates the impacts of a PI-enabled hyperconnected distribution on the sustainable potential of e-vendors, in contrast with current B2C distribution options. To this end, case studies based on multi-agent simulations were developed for modeling e-vendor distribution scenarios, inspired by actual data from our industrial partner South Shore Industries. Through the use of key performance indicators (KPIs), we gradually assessed e-vendor performance starting from the drop-ship distribution approach. Then, we assessed a dynamic B2C deployment approach in the current logistics environment then in a PI-enabled context. The first contribution of this thesis is to close the theoretical gap between research and practice in terms of modeling integrated B2C distribution systems. The second contribution is the development of a generic multi-agent conceptual model for B2C distribution scenario simulations. The third contribution is the proposal of an integrated consolidation based distribution approach allowing e-vendors to improve their performances, while globally reducing e-consumer order delivery times, within a drop-ship distribution based approach. The fourth contribution is the proposal of an e-vendor dynamic inventory balancing model. The last contribution confirms through a simulation-based experiment, that a PI-enabled hyperconnected distribution leverages the sustainable potential of e-vendors.
Diagne, Souleymane Astou. "Institutions et développement économique : Asie de l'Est et du Sud-Est et Afrique Subsaharienne." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131029.
Full textThe importance of institutions in the economic development path was stressed since more than century by Schmoller, Veblen and Commons. Since the beginning of the eighties, there was like a coming out of intuitionalists’ optics to offset the shortcomings of the neoclassical one to explain the development policies failures, which were inspired by the neoclassical ideology. It’s in this context that appears the new institutional economics analysis, looking for including in the economic policies suggestions, a set of new indicators which didn’t belong to economics, like the political institutions (elections, democracy, constitution…). This thesis starts from a statement: the countries of Africa and those of Asian Eastern and Asian Southern-East started almost from the same level of economic development in the sixties. The thesis has, afterward, three objectives: understanding the analyses and the concepts of the institutional economics, searching, thank of a comparative study, the reasons which make the Asian countries much more developed than the African ones, and finally, checking the links between institutions and economic development with econometric and statistical methods. We have assumed that the institutional factors were behind the Asian countries economic success and then behind the economic development. Three main questions underlie the chapters of this work. Understanding how the institutional analysis was born, the definition of the concept “institution” and its derivatives concepts, the way with which the institutional switch acts and understanding the theoretical reach of the institutional economics toolbox. Answers to these questions assume an early knowledge of the mains institutional economics optics, of Veblen, Schmoller, Commons, North, Willamson, Greif and Rodrik
Dubé, Pierre-Luc. "Le règlement des différends à l'Organisation mondiale du commerce selon la théorie des perspectives : une étude empirique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28103.
Full textThe World Trade Organization's dispute settlement mechanism is the best forum for resolving a trade dispute between two WTO members. However, it is possible to note that not all trade disputes seized by the WTO end at the same stage, some settling before the establishment of a panel while others can require a judgment of the Appellate Body, or even more. The time required to resolve disputes also varies from litigation to litigation. This master’s degree thesis tries to demonstrate, using the prospect theory developed by Kahneman and Tversky, that the perception of a complainant state, in relation to the establishment or withdrawal of a measure applied by another State, may influence the stage at which the dispute is resolved or the length of time that is required for its resolution. Using two distinct econometric models, we found out that the complainant State’s perception does not influence the stage at which it will be resolved, but it has an impact on the length required to resolve a dispute involving it. A complainant State perceiving itself to be losing in relation to the introduction of a measure of another State tends, in fact, to reduce the time required for settlement, wanting to see the measure withdrawn as soon as possible. Another finding emerging from these models is that disputes concerning two developed countries will tend to take more time to be settled.
Auclair, Vincent. "Estimation des fonctions d'offre des principaux pays producteurs de pétrole." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28252/28252.pdf.
Full textAtkinson, Gordon. "Communication factuelle et évocations symboliques dans l'action du message publicitaire : une application au marché du vin." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOE007.
Full textAndrianarison, Francis. "Trois essais sur les institutions et le développement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28818/28818.pdf.
Full textVergnaud, Eric. "Structure et exploitation d'un modèle macroéconomique trimestriel." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010027.
Full textAtsin, Aimeric Laurent. "Incidences de la crise économique mondiale sur les pays en voie de développement : cas de la Côte d'Ivoire : analyse macroéconomique en équilibre générale calculable des canaux de transmissions de la crise." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22202.
Full textÖzyurt, Selin. "Croissance, productivité et les retombées positives de l’ouverture aux investissements directs étrangers et au commerce international en Chine." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090024.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the issues associated with China’s rapid economic development and reform initiative over the past three decades. The study presents new empirical evidence which relies on comprehensive data sets and recently developed parametric methods. The major objective of the thesis is to provide a systematic and comprehensive analysis of China’s recent economic growth and productivity performances. The main focus is directed to the investigation of spillovers to Chinese economy arising from openness to foreign direct investment (FDI) and international trade. The major findings of the study are: (i) Over the past three decades, physical capital accumulation has been the main driving force of China’s rapid economic growth, while productivity and technical efficiency gains have also contributed to economic growth; (ii) openness to FDI and international trade exert a positive impact on growth and productivity; (iii) the spatial econometric analyses highlight that regional dynamics and spatial interactions play a crucial role in the process of economic development
Hervé, Karine. "Une nouvelle approche du taux de change d'équilibre à partir des équations du commerce extérieur : une application aux grands pays industrialisés et aux nouveaux états membres de l'Union européenne." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131022.
Full textThe purpose of this PhD thesis is to estimate the equilibrium exchange rates for the major industrialised countries (the United States, the euro area, Japan and the United Kingdom) and the new Member States of the European Union (EU). Drawing on a critical analysis of the literature on equilibrium exchange rates, we focus on the approach based on trade equations and enrich it. The contribution of the thesis is both empirical and methodological. First, we develop a computation method that aims to adhere to the bilateral exchange rate constraint and minimise the gap between the target rates set ex ante and those observed ex post. Second, we estimate external trade elasticities that take due account of the long-term country asymmetries and of the specificities of the aggregated euro area. Third, we analyse and quantify the impact of current account balances on equilibrium exchange rates, using an application on the new EU Member States. We derive from this computation an analysis that highlights the large misalignments experienced by the nominal exchange rates of major currencies, which reflect the magnitude of the current account imbalances in these economies. The huge current account deficit of the United States has resulted in particular in a high overvaluation of the dollar. As far as the new EU Member States are concerned, the risks stemming from a rapid integration in the euro area should be highlighted. It seems therefore all the more appropriate that these countries keep some leeway with respect to their fiscal and current imbalances, given their huge financing needs
Dondassé, Auguste Apollinaire. "Ouverture commerciale et croissance économique dans la CEDEAO à la lumière de l'expérience des NPI asiatiques : une approche cliométrique à partir des modèles VAR et VECM." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10022.
Full textThe Bretton Woods’s institutions evoke Asian Newly Industrialized countries’s (NIC) experiment to justify liberal policies lied down to the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries. However, in their enforcement, they occult the part of « strategic » protection measures in the success of these countries opening. Within the framework of the setting up of ECOWAS’s Common External Tariff (CET), the question of the role of the protection measures in the insertion of this zone to the world trade arises with acuity. With VAR and VECM models and the Asian NIC’s experiment, we use a cliometric approach and show in three chapters the role of the protection measures in the success of the aforesaid Asia’s countries opening. The first chapter shows that opening is a driving force behind growth and convergence. Nevertheless, it reveals that the poor countries would gain to resort to « strategic » protection measures in their insertion to the world economy. The second chapter shows that the NIC of Asia resorted enormously to « strategic » protection measures. With the developpementalist economists, one notes that government’s presence cannot be regarded as neutral. Finally, the third chapter supports, with CHELEM’s data, that the successful insertion of the Asian’s NIC to the world economy would be explained by their resort to « strategic » protection measures. The test of ELG assumption with VAR and VECM models shows the interest to take account of protection measures in the appreciation of opening’s contribution to growth. On the basis of these elements, we formulate a proposal of policy to ECOWAS’s countries. It hinges on the role that these countries must grant to « strategic » protection measures in the setting up of their CET, in order to open up more effectively to exchanges
Boutin, Jean-Philippe. "Systèmes de réputation et préférences des consommateurs : application de la théorie de la détection du signal au commerce en ligne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28107.
Full textVatan, Antoine. "Interactions of firms in international trade models." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010069.
Full textFirms were introduced into trade theory in the early 1980s. After traditional trade theory failed to explain the importance of intra-industry trade, monopolistic competition (Krugman, 1979, 1980) and oligopolistic competition(Brander,1981)models were developed. These two approaches are in fact grouped under the label "new trade theory". As will be explained further, oligopolistic competition was quite neglected in the last thirty years, while monopolistic competition became the standard framework in the trade literature. These two frame works share a common feature which represents a major change compared to previous perfect competition models: the presence of firms. Nevertheless, a notable difference between the two is that firms are representative in the monopolistic competition framework, while they are able to act strategically in an oligopolistic setting. This partly explains why the former has been the most used. While the first motivation of new trade theory was to provide a rationale for trade patterns, the intuition that firms had to be taken into account was supported by a broad strand of empirical literature in the 1990s-2000s. Thanks to the emergence of firm-level data, trade economists discovered that only a handful of firms are responsible for the bulk of international trade. The most important feature, and probably the best known and most discussed by trade economists, is that firms’ participation in trade is far from random. Only the most productive ones export. Beyond this comparison between exporters and non-exporters, there is also much heterogeneity among exporters themselves. This fact found a rationale thanks to Melitz (2003) who introduced heterogeneous firms into a monopolistic competition model à la Krugman. This model became the most used in trade and is the cornerstone of "new new trade theory". The present Ph.D. dissertation first tries to take part in the debate about the relevance of monopolistic competition models in new new trade theory with respect to exporting firms’ strategies. Second, this dissertation tries to contribute to showing the need to put strategic interactions back into trade models in order to enhance our understanding of exporting and multinational firms. [...]
Noel, Laurent. "Emergence, construction et dynamique du marché de l'art : le cas du marché du mobilier Art Déco." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131003.
Full textThe different factors that determine quality in art are difficult to comprehend and make art a complex asset. The art market is a social construction, in general segmented by movements. Participants aim to reduce uncertainty to allow for the functioning of the market. Public and private collections, by the rarefaction of art works, have a strong influence on the price and even the demand for works of a particular movement. The market studied, Art Deco furniture from 1959 to 2004, and the methodology used, the econometric study of the formulation of prices, provide an empirical review of the pertinent issues and the market's evolution. The results demonstrate the closeness of the relationships between the different market participants, in particular between auction houses and galleries, and identify elements that explain prices. The study also shows that the establishment of a market occurs where there is the most efficient regulation, providing the greatest reassurance for buyers. Paris thus dominates the international market in Art Deco furniture. It is the quality and the quantity, rather than the price, an ambiguous indicator, of the works on offer which constitute the regulation. While the market is impacted by the economic and financial climate, exceptional works are relatively unaffected. Finally, while the market in Art Deco furniture offers a return comparable to investment in the financial markets albeit with a greater risk, the impossibility of evaluating transaction costs and the psychological value of owning an asset in the form of an artwork, makes comparisons difficult
Hernandez, Lauriane. "Prévision du chiffre d'affaires pour l'implantation d'un hypermarché : comparaison de deux méthodes." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20229.
Full textGharbi, Moufida. "L' impact du commerce extérieur sur l'économie tunisienne." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0119.
Full textThis work tries, using existing literary resources and some econometric concepts, to explain more significantly the effects of trade on economic growth in a specific country (Tunisia). To provide some answers to this question, we focused on the nature of the causal link between trade and growth. Nevertheless, the study addresses in the first instance, the question of a simultaneous variation between trade and growth, in a second stage, the situation of the major determinants of the Tunisian trade and one last time, we study the effects of foreign trade on economic performance and the welfare in Tunisia. The first chapter discusses the delimitation of the different concepts that will be studied (definitions, motivations, roles, rules. . . Foreign trade) and the presentation of the commonly used instruments analysis. The second chapter presents the available advantages of Tunisia to boost its trade. Therefore, trade policies implemented are reviewed, as well as high-quality infrastructure, human capital skills, the attractiveness and the investment climate. The third chapter provides a descriptive analysis of the evolution and structure of Tunisian foreign trade (physiognomy changes over time, characteristics) between 1961 and 2011. Given the endogeneity of the advantages of the country and the evolution of its foreign trade (findings of two previous chapters), the purpose of the fourth chapter is to identify the main determinants of the Tunisian foreign trade between 1967 and 2011 using a gravitational dynarnic model "enriched" estimated by the method of instrumental variables time series (IV). .
Bui, Duy Tung. "Relation entre les marchés financiers et la politique budgétaire dans les économies émergentes asiatiques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCG006.
Full textPro-cyclical fiscal policy has raised concern in many emerging economies due to its adverse consequences to the economic activities (GDP slowdown, unemployment). This thesis takes a different approach to the issue, which aims to examine the bidirectional relationships between fiscal policy and stock market activities in a panel of 22 emerging Asia-Pacific economies over the period 1990-2015. We estimate a variety of Panel Vector Autoregressive models. The empirical results show that fiscal policies in these countries tend to a pro-cyclical path in responding to stock market movements. The pro-cyclical behavior is found with both government expenditure and government revenue. On the other hand, a fiscal consolidation attempt has a rewarding effect on stock prices. This study also investigates the nonlinear effect of fiscal policy (measured by the total domestic public sector debt) on the level of financial development in the Asia-Pacific region. Government of countries emerging are caracterized by a less developed degee of financial institutions and are very present by intervening in the domestic debt market. This study shows that a better degree of financial institution helps to discipline governments. The results suggest a negative effect of domestic public sector debt on financial development, but only at low level of financial freedom and integration. Higher financial freedom and financial integration would reduce the crowding-out effect of domestic public debt
Mandou, Cyrille. "Les marchés financiers émergents d'Asie du Sud-Est : efficience et gestion quantitative, application d'une stratégie active de market timing." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40044.
Full textPetitpretre, Benoît. "L'apport de la notion de valeur pour le consommateur à la compréhension de l'achat de produits équitables." Paris 2, 2010. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01963460.
Full textBouchard, Joëlle. "Prévision et réapprovisionnement dynamiques de produits de consommation à cycle rapide." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27421.
Full textThe retail industry is in upheaval. Many banners have recently announced their closure, such as Jacob, Mexx, Danier, Smart Set and Target in Canada, to name a few. To remain competitive and ensure their sustainability, companies have to adapt themselves to new consumer buying habits. No doubt that a better understanding of demand is needed. But how to estimate and forecast demand in a context with constantly increasing volatility and ever shorter product lifecycles, where competitive pressure is pervasive and global? Managing demand is a difficult exercise, even in this age when numerous sophisticated tools have been developed. The dynamic environment in which organizations evolve explains in part the difficulty. Through the past 30 years, the customer has gone from passive spectator to leading actor, inevitably changing the consumer-business relationship. Technological development and the advent of e-commerce are also largely responsible for profound changes experienced by businesses. The way of doing business is not the same and forces companies to adapt to these new realities. The challenges are important. Companies able to seize market signals will be better equipped to anticipate demand and make better decisions in response to customer needs. This thesis is articulated according to three main lines of research around this main theme, exploiting a real business testbed. The first theme concerns the development of a daily forecast method adapted to sales data with a double seasonality as well as special days. The second twofold research first presents a forecasting method for using ratio to quickly forecast sales or future demands of a very large number of products and their variations. Then it proposes a method to determine cumulative sales forecasts and confidence intervals for products newly introduced in the chain stores. Finally, the third axis proposes a predictive method to help reorder launching and sizing decision based on the results of a predictive analysis, deployment of targeted products and inventory of potential substitute products. Keywords : Forecasting; seasonality; calendar effect; products without demand history; confidence intervals; replenishment decision; retail network.
Bordigoni, Mathieu. "Détermination du rôle de l'énergie dans la compétitivité de l'industrie manufacturière : Études économétriques et modélisation des interdépendances." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00803187.
Full textMalakhovskaya, Oxana. "Essais sur la prévision et modélisation d'une économie riche en ressources pétrolières." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN018/document.
Full textIt is generally agreed that the severity of oil markets shocks tends to decrease as does dependence of developed economies on those shocks. Developed countries are generally energy importers, and the effect of oil market shocks on oil-exporting countries may be different, especially if energy represents a large percentage of the country’s exports. In addition, the focus on commodity exports may change the relative forecasting performance of econometric models that are generally used for forecasting. This thesis studies and develops models for structural analysis and short-term forecasting of an oil-exporting economy using Russian data for all empirical applications. The first chapter is devoted to a construction of a DSGE model for a country with commodity exports. The DSGE model is estimated by Bayesian methods We find that despite a strong impact of commodity export shocks on GDP, the business cycles in Russia are mostly domestically based.. The second chapter discusses how the Bayesian methods may be applied for forecasting with a BVAR model. The third chapter applies these techniques and compares the performance of a group of non-structural models – univariate and multivariate – for forecasting a set of Russian macroeconomic indicators. In the fourth chapter, the forecasting focuses on multivariate structural (DSGE) and non-structural BVAR models. The fifth chapter quantifies the effect of different types of oil market shocks on several Russian macroeconomic variables
Malek, Mansour Jeoffrey H. G. "Three essays in international economics." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210878.
Full textRegarding the approach pursued to tackle these problems, we have chosen to strictly remain within the boundaries of empirical (macro)economics - that is, applied econometrics. Though we systematically provide theoretical models to back up our empirical approach, our only real concern is to look at the stories the data can (or cannot) tell us. As to the econometric methodology, we will restrict ourselves to the use of panel data analysis. The large spectrum of techniques available within the panel framework allows us to utilize, for each of the problems at hand, the most suitable approach (or what we think it is).
Doctorat en sciences économiques, Orientation économie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Tayara, Saeed. "Commerce international et investissements directs étrangers : complémentarité ou substituabilité ?" Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT4001/document.
Full textThis work investigates, theoretically and empirically, the relationship between international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI), which has been one of the key channels of economic globalization, and of the development of global value chains in the international segmentation of production. Theoretical models show that international and FDI may be substitutes or complements. The nature of this relationship may be the consequence of exogenous factors, determinants of country specialization, or the result of the endogenous strategy of firms in the organization of their international activities. The empirical validation relies on an adaptation of the gravity model, using panel econometrics with bilateral data for France during the 1993-2012 period. Estimates show a complementarity relationship between trade and FDI at the most aggregated level. However, a comparative analysis at a more disaggregated level reveals some signs of substitutability or complementarity according to the group of partner countries
Hémou, Dédou Pagnamsi. "L'insertion économique et régionale du Togo en Afrique de l'ouest : les nouveaux enjeux de l'UEMOA dans le contexte de la mondialisation." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40003.
Full textRegional integration has become a way of learning and adapting to a more and more lobalized economy. The revision of the ECOWAS treatry in 1993 and the creation of WEAMU in 1994 fits into a logic of economc integration of west-african countries into worldwide development. This study analyses the capacity of the new integration mechanisms to work towards members countries development. The point is how it predisposes these countries participation to a globalization process, notably towards the regional trade dynamism it underlies
Ouedraogo, Boukary. "Éléments économiques pour la gestion de l'offre et de la demande du bois-énergie dans la région de Ouagadougou." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40035.
Full textHugot, Jules. "A quantitative history of trade globalization : 1827-2012." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0055.
Full textThis thesis relies on a data set that I put together. The data set gathers trade statistics, GDP, exchange rate and tariff data as well as gravity-related variables including distance, colonial and linguistic links. In chapter 2, I show that the globalization of the nineteenth century had already begun in the 1840s in Europe, while it only began in the late nineteenth century for the rest of the world. In chapter 3, I show that the border effect was halved over the course of both the First and the Second Globalization. I also find that the distance effect roughly doubled during both periods of globalization. In chapter 4, I show that the trade elasticity did not change significantly over the course of the First Globalization. In chapter 5, I show that Britain benefited from most of the trade creating effect of the Suez Canal, while the western coast of Latin America benefited from about 40% of the trade effect of the Panama Canal. I also show that time dimension estimates of the distance elasticity make it possible to reconcile the distance elasticity with the common estimates for its components: the trade elasticity and the elasticity of trade costs to shipping distance
Bourque, Jérôme. "Le Nouveau-Brunswick et le conflit du bois d'oeuvre : analyse en équilibre général calculable de l'imposition des tarifs compensatoires et anti-dumping." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21558/21558.pdf.
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