Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Commerce électronique – Afrique du Nord'
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Chikhi, Kamal. "Le droit et l'informatique : manifestation et remèdes : étude comparative entre les législations des pays du Magreb et de l'Union européenne." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0729.
There one day which passes without that we hear about Internet? Internet is a phenomenon of company (society). Internet is a new media. On the technical plan: it is the fleuron of the new information technologies. On the economic plan: it is the sign of the new economy and the globalization. On the social plan: two billion web pages, and more than two hundred million Internet users. Figures are exceeded before the end of their reading. The expansion of the net upsets not only the production of the knowledge, but exchanges also the legal rules. It is the objective to which we hope to contribute modestly with this study. " The developments relative to this subject appeared according to the following structure: In a first part(party), we bent over the e-commerce (definitions, reality, problems put by this new mode of business, meeting of the wills, assent, proof) As for the second part(party), we dedicated him(it), As for the second part(party), we dedicated him(it), completely, on examination of computer crime (malpractices, problems, application). La understanding of the functioning of internet and its history, seems necessary to encircle well the subject, and a study on the presence of the net on the market of the States of the Maghreb seems compulsory to see the dimension of the phenomenon. We dedicated a preliminary part (party) to the functioning and the inventory of fixtures. The countries of the Maghreb do not suffer from a gap in the law but from a legal lack, the State is invited to find solutions and to take advantage of the experience (experiment) of the countries which are exceeded to us to find solutions of the new legal and practical obstacles which put the internet. .
Ahmed-Boumaza, Amina. "Production et réception de la communication numérique persuasive des PME de luxe au Maghreb : l’influence des e-leaders sur les réseaux sociaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0578.
For twenty years, Internet use in the Maghreb has experienced strong growth. The increase in Internet users in this region of the world has brought about significant changes in Maghreb society in the political but also economic fields. The democratization of the Internet in the Maghreb has taken place through social networks as access was initially often limited to social platforms. Our thesis is intended to study the influencing devices set up on social networks by luxury companies in the Maghreb. We study the production methods of these persuasive devices but also their reception and their effects on social users / consumers. Digital social networks have been able to acquire a new dimension while keeping certain bases specific to the traditional social network. These platforms have been able to significantly impact businesses in the Maghreb and amplify the influence characteristics of the traditional social network very focused on the community and the group in this region. Thus, our thesis, which is part of SIC, offers a detailed analysis, on the one hand, of the conception of persuasive communication on social networks with the use of e-ledares by luxury SMEs in the Maghreb, producers of affecting. On the other hand, we are looking at the reception of this persuasive digital communication by consumers. We use a qualitative methodology and in particular semi-structured interviews to question, on the one hand, decision-makers in luxury SMEs in the Maghreb and, on the other hand, consumers. The goal is to understand how everyone perceives this communication on social networks and its influence
Jellali, Zohra, and Zohra Jellali. "Commerce agricole et agroalimentaire des pays Nord-Africain : déterminants et potentiel." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37221.
L’objectif cette étude est d’analyser les déterminants du commerce des biens agricoles et agroalimentaires ainsi que le niveau d’efficacité et le potentiel des pays Nord Africains avec leurs partenaires de l’Europe du Moyen Orient ainsi qu’entre eux. Pour ce faire un modèle de gravité à frontière stochastique à effet fixes inspiré de l’économie de production a été employé. Nos résultats montrent que l’effet des variables explicatives sur les flux commerciaux suit celui trouvé dans la littérature tant pour les variables économiques que pour variables qui caractérisent les relations bilatérales. L’hypothèse d’existence d’inefficacité commerciale était confirmée. Une estimation des scores d’efficacité par pays variant dans le temps était effectuée. Les résultats montrent que la Mauritanie est le pays plus inefficace suivi par l’Algérie, ceci pour l’ensemble des pays pris en considération. Le Maroc et la Tunisie sont les plus intégrés dans le marché Nord-Africain avec les scores d’efficacité les plus élevés. Tenant compte de l’ensemble des pays de destination, la Tunisie, le Maroc et l’Egypte sont les plus intégrés mais avec des variabilités importantes des scores selon les pays de destination. Ces pays possèdent encore des potentiels importants avec l’ensemble pays. Les estimations soulignent l’importance de l’amélioration des politiques commerciales pour une meilleure intégration dans le marché.
This study aims to analyze the determinants of trade in agricultural and agri-food goods as well as the level of efficiency and potential of North African countries with their partners in Middle Eastern Europe as well as between them. This is based on the fixed-effect stochastic border gravity model inspired by the economy of production. Our estimations have shown that the effect of the explanatory variables on trade flows follows the one found in the literature for both the economic variables and the variables that characterize the bilateral relations between the partners. The hypothesis of commercial inefficiency was confirmed. An estimate of efficiency scores by country varying over time was carried out. The results show that Mauritania is the most inefficient country followed by Algeria, for all the countries taken into consideration. Morocco and Tunisia are the most integrated in the North African market with the highest efficiency scores. Taking into account all countries of destination, Tunisia, Morocco and Egypt are the most integrated but with significant variability of the scores according to the countries of destination. These countries have significant potential remains to exploit. These estimates highlight the importance of improving trade policies for better integration into the market.
This study aims to analyze the determinants of trade in agricultural and agri-food goods as well as the level of efficiency and potential of North African countries with their partners in Middle Eastern Europe as well as between them. This is based on the fixed-effect stochastic border gravity model inspired by the economy of production. Our estimations have shown that the effect of the explanatory variables on trade flows follows the one found in the literature for both the economic variables and the variables that characterize the bilateral relations between the partners. The hypothesis of commercial inefficiency was confirmed. An estimate of efficiency scores by country varying over time was carried out. The results show that Mauritania is the most inefficient country followed by Algeria, for all the countries taken into consideration. Morocco and Tunisia are the most integrated in the North African market with the highest efficiency scores. Taking into account all countries of destination, Tunisia, Morocco and Egypt are the most integrated but with significant variability of the scores according to the countries of destination. These countries have significant potential remains to exploit. These estimates highlight the importance of improving trade policies for better integration into the market.
Sanni, Yaya Mouhamadou. "Le droit de l'OHADA face au commerce électronique." Thèse, Paris 11, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5876.
Le droit de l’OHADA face au commerce électronique (OHADA law pertaining to e-commerce) is an epistemological reflection on the legal issues raised by e-trade conducted among members of the Organisation for the Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). This forward looking analysis of the organization’s legal framework governing e commerce draws upon relevant experiments carried out notably in North America (Canada-Québec) and Europe. In Africa, as elsewhere, the new information technologies pose certain legal challenges. During the past several years, various regional and national initiatives have addressed these challenges. However, the heterogeneous nature of the different laws implemented impairs the regional-level legal security sought by OHADA. Building on legal transplant, this dissertation proposes, within the context of OHADA, a true harmonization that will ensure that “African specificities” are taken into account while making the Common Court of Justice and Arbitration (CCJA) in Abidjan the highest community jurisdiction in matters of e-commerce.
Yayi, Lipem Joseph Emmanuel. "Essai sur la recherche d'un régime juridique du commerce électronique dans les pays francophones d'Afrique subsaharienne." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT4006.
Electronic commerce refers to all economical transactions through electronic networks by any person, even if those to whom they are intended receive no financial consideration. Electronic commerce is beyond the law. This does not mean that online exchanges are devoid of any particularity. Electronic commerce does not create a new right. It leads to the emergence of new concepts, new practices, new relationships that appear in a cyberspace environment devoid of any corporeality. The e-commerce system is split depending on whether access to exercise. Access to e-commerce is subject to traditional law. The situation is different when reflection is toward the realization of trade. The difficulties posed by the conclusion and implementation of e-commerce contract require new solutions. The offer and the acceptance of electronic undergo mutations that distinguish them from conventional conditions of contract. Technical intermediation whose exercise engages a distinct lean responsibility of the responsibility of other internet service providers. Dematerialization and internationality internet disrupt the geographic location of operations and the objective connecting litigation. These obstacles the normative and jurisdictional connection directed faces invigorate the prestige of autonomy in determining the law and the competent judge for e-Commerce disputes
DIALLO, ABDRAMANE. "Les relations commerciales et diplomatiques entre l'occident chretien et le maghreb a la fin du moyen age (13e - 16e siecles)." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010684.
Ghelam, Abdelghani. "La problématique de la convergence : application aux économies du Maghreb." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2007_in_ghelam_a.pdf.
Just like the many recent works on the literature trying to define the set of factors that may influence the economic growth and the convergence of incomes between country and areas, our study addresses the impact of the international trade on the convergence of per capita income, within a sample gathering Maghreb Countries and their major trade partners. Our research focused more particularly, using various approaches with the examination of the assumption of Ben David (1993, 1996) on the bilateral trade influence the convergence of the incomes per capita (Approach of Ben David et transverse Section); the influence of the geographical characteristics on the evolution of the trade (Frankel and Romer 1999); the direction of causality between trade and convergence (Cyrus Teresa 2004) and impacts of the nature of the productive system on the formation of the clubs of Convergence (Chatterji 1992). The results of our study are in contradiction with Ben David's assumption for the Maghreb countries with their major trade partners. Moreover, our research reveals the importance of the geographical characteristics to justify the international trade, and the existence of a bidirectional causality relationship between the international trade and convergence. However, the application of the methodology of Chatterji (1992) enabled us to demonstrate the absence from a «Club of convergence» for countries having a similar productive system
Fediaevsky, Alexandre. "Etude des fusils à silex dits "Mukhala" algériens et marocains du XIXe siécle des musées français : Leur place dans l'iconographie de l'époque." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040035.
The mukhala a XIX century flintlock gun used in Algeria and Morocco is studied from the typological, social and military points of view. Out of a sampling of 100 items from french museums and private collections, regional types were documented. A new methodology for the study of ancient guns was elaborated. A critical approach of the representation of the mukhala in works of art is proposed
Billong, Billong Abel Henri. "La sécurisation du commerce électronique dans l'espace OHADA." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3005.
Besides the opportunity of a regulation on electronic commerce and its actors, the rules governing the construction process particularly interested observer. Regarding supervision of business law, the position of the common legislator OHADA is not indisputable. New methods to achieve commercial transactions in Africa have indeed revealed the fragility of its foundations. Thus, the balance inherent in the establishment of OHADA is increasingly threatened .The intervention of the common organization was actively expected in order to legally manage the consequences of using the Internet. Those expectations have not been actually entirely satisfied. Indeed, OHADA has not yet released any uniform act dedicated to e-commerce. This leads to the usage of the existing rules, still embryonic. This is the state initiatives whose legitimacy and effectiveness depend on the principles of OHADA. Although likely to fill gaps of the latter, they are nevertheless clearly insufficient. They do not make it possible to grasp all the changes and developments of practices inherent in dematerialization and ubiquity.Yet, as far as their vehicles namely the Internet, the emergence of online economic activity generates important security needs. The control of multiple security risks depends on the emergence of other standard-setting initiatives. The model building should reinforce the coherence of the process as well as the modernization of the rules concerned. In addition to French and community laws, despite the observed imperfections, processes and resulting rules represent a nourishing source of secure e-commerce model in OHADA
Rhozali, Benyounes. "Recherche sur le mode de production au temps des Almohades." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010620.
Smaali, Nasr-Eddîne. "La réussite des Ibadhites : le commerce comme exemple." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081735.
Bramoullé, David. "Les Fatimides et la mer (341-567/953-1171) : du rêve mystique à l'empire du large." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010635.
Pinauldt, Géraldine. "L'or vivant des Somali : des frontières, des troupeaux et des hommes face à la mondialisation des normes : un regard géopolitique sur les exportations de bétail de la Corne de l'Afrique." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084124.
Between 1998 and 2009, Horn of Africa's main livestock importer, Saudi Arabia, imposed a ban on its livestock for sanitary reasons. Since 1991, all the states of the Horn of Africa underwent major territorial and political changes. Livestock trade being one of the main income source, it is an issue for direct or indirect territorial control at different scales. Somaliland, who disunited from Somalia in 1991, is a central element of this commercial system. Its port Berbera is used as an outlet for 80% of the exported livestock. With the introduction of new sanitary standards, and since Somaliland's very existence lies in opposition to persistent geopolitical representations, livestock trade becomes a tool used to destabilize Somaliland. Meanwhile, the introduction of those standards grants Ethiopia access to international fundings which can be used either to rebalance its territory to the east or to increase an unequal development which takes its roots in its stormy history with the Somali world. Globalisation of sanitary standards leads to new trade requirements whereas state regulations and territorial control have not yet been achieved in the region. The point of this thesis is to show how the requirements/constraints become tools that in turn serve geopolitical strategies born from sociospatial representations. Mobile Somali livestock traders' networked sociability enables them to keep a grip on the trade and its geopolitical translations. Acting as ties connecting the territories and the scales, the traders provide an understanding to the complex regional problematics
Haddad, Afef. "Migrations internationales et libre-échange : caractéristiques particulières de l'émigration des compétences et importance de l'effort technologique." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010025.
This thesis is a contribution to the analysis of the relationship between international migration and international trade paying attention to the special characteristics of the brainy migrants. The integration of the human capital externalities and social capital permitted to have considerable results in relation to international trade theory. Although international migration is often considered as a substitute for international trade in goods so that trade liberalization can be a solution for migration problems, in many important cases such as cross country differences in technology, migration costs and adjustment costs, it can be a complement for international flows of commodities. The aim of this thesis is to replace the theory of international migration among the recent developments of international trade by focusing on the special determinants of brain drain. The empirical analysis is focused on a survey of brainy migrants and foreign students in france
Andrianarison, Francis. "Trois essais sur les institutions et le développement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28818/28818.pdf.
Valérian, Dominique. "Bougie, port maghrébin à la fin du Moyen âge (1067-1510)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010693.
Mei, Dan Michal. "Muddling through with Chinese characteristics : Beijing’s energy policy and its oil diplomacy in West Asia and North Africa." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0033.
China’s “energy diplomacy” has been the subject of much debate and controversy ever since the country became a net oil importer in 1993. Observers and analysts watched with unease as Beijing appeared to be unleashing its National Oil companies (NOCs) to compete for global oil resources and lock them up for China’s own use. China’s diplomacy has been said to be put to the service of its energy needs and ever since 1993 and oil supply security was deemed to be the utmost objective of foreign and strategic policy. This dissertation aims to challenge that view and to provide a new way of analysing the interactions between energy and diplomacy in China. It posits that the country’s overseas energy activities in the early 1990s were not the outcome of a comprehensive, rational plan devised in Beijing but rather the result of a series of incremental and disjointed policy steps taken by different actors, each pursuing their own goals and interests. It is the aim of this study to analyse how this energy diplomacy evolved by looking at the actors shaping it and the interactions between them: how did China’s overseas energy activities come about? What were their implications for China’s diplomatic strategy in the Middle East? How, and when, did oil security reach the top of the policy making agenda and what have been the main features of the policy process, from agenda setting to implementation? Is there a “Chinese grand strategy” for locking up oil? What are the tensions underlying China’s oil diplomacy?
Zaouali, Lilia. "Villes portuaires et présences européennes en Barbarie ottomane (XVIe-XVIIe siècles)." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040011.
Louati, Sami. "Les impacts de l'élargissement de l'Union Européenne sur les relations euro-méditérranéennes : le cas de la tunisie." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0861.
The Eastward enlargement of the European Union effective 1 May 2004 is seen by residents South of Mediterranean (including Tunisia) as a warning sign to their traditional relationships for decades with their Northern neighbor In their view, enlargement is pregnant benefice of dual nature : political, strategic and security (not military) on the one hand, and social, economic other, these beneficts bogged down the normal stat e of their relationships with the new Europe of 27. Which looks increasingly towards the East. Face that inevitable reality, the Maghreb countries ( including Tunisia) must urgently must find alternatives fruit of their South-South relations which remain suitable solution and perspective
Saidi, Ali. "Les activités maritimes de la Province d'Afrique romaine (de 46 av. J.-C. – jusqu'en 439 apr. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040062.
This is to reconstitute the entire port landscape. We will also study the different mechanisms of maritime activities which make the port cities of the province of Roman Africa, the real economic centers. In other words, we will try to study the port infrastructure and the aspects of the role played by these cities as points of contact between the world of inland and oversea. In this context, we will try to review several theses on the assessment of the ports role in the process of foreign maritime trade. This reflection leads us to examine aspects of the organization of land road network and the organization of maritime routes, which contributed to the flow of various African products. We also consider the nature of the goods which were the cargo, various ships from the ports. The administrative and legislative organization of transport, especially the annona, as maritime trade, its importance, as it provides information on the procedures used by the Roman central authority to organize this trade, finally the importance of port cities of the province of Africa to Rome
Marshalian, Michelle. "Winners, Losers and the Political Economy of the Middle East and North Africa : A brief look at industrial development, trade, productivity and jobs Productivity, structural change and skills dynamics: Evidence from a half century analysis in Tunisia and Turkey Winners and Losers in Industrial Policy 2.0: An evaluation of the impacts of the Tunisian Industrial Upgrading Program Trade, Tariffs and Missing Imports: Using trade liberalization to understand business-state relations in Egyptian manufacturing." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED056.
The political economy is an important determinant of the successes and failures of public policies. This dissertation explores how the political economy has shaped socio-political outcomes. I use a comparative study, a study of a fiscal subsidies, and a case study of liberalization to elaborate this point. In the comparative study on Turkey and Tunisia, I observe that workforce skills have a measurable impact on productivity in Turkey, a country that abandoned import substitution industrialization at a relatively early stage. Whereas the post-colonial institutional setting of the economy and relatively later import substitution industrialization in Tunisia is not amenable to harnessing the skills of the workforce for productivity --- even if levels of education were historically higher than in Turkey. A case study on government intervention in the form of firm subsidies in Tunisia finds that governments can use firm subsidies to extend control over the private sector, while still reporting measurable and observable positive benefits to the economy. Lastly, a case study on liberalization demonstrated in Egypt that reforms to remove administrative and tariff barriers disproportionately helped firms in industries with no known government cronies and reduced tariff evasion. However, government cronies operating in the historically important natural resource sector still reaped benefits from liberalization reforms
El, houdaigui Nora. "Droit et pratique de l'arbitrage commercial international dans les pays du Maghreb." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CERG0487.
The thesis is on the practice and the law of international commercial arbitration in the countries of the Maghreb.In the first time, it is put into perspective the laws of the arbitration of these countries in the light of the principles and rules to ensure the effectiveness of the arbitration. The analysis of such important concepts: "the arbitration", "the international", "trade" is a prerequisite.And then he is to analyze the behavior of judicial institutions and extra-judicial about the arbitration (national courts, chambers of commerce, agencies employers, local arbitration centers, law professionals, universities of these countries).In a second time, a critical analysis of the act is undertaking in enjoying all the failures. When the latter are serious enough they can then be regarded as the manifestation of a resistance to this mode of private settlement of disputes. We considered that there are two types of resistors: that which is reflected through the law and which is likely to harm to the arbitration and one which is called "quiet" because it is not against the arbitration but reflects a predilection for the other modes deprived of settlement of disputes is also this feature in the whole of the Arab countries).Finally a synthesis of the strengths and failures was provided in order to proceed to the designation of a place of arbitration in the Maghreb (place of a law particularly favorable to the effectiveness of the arbitration and institutional due to a regulation of arbitration procedure that includes the conciliation or mediation)
Ressel, Magnus. "Zwischen Sklavenkassen und Türkenpässen." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010560.
Bouzadi-Daoud, Sultana. "Développement des petites et moyennes entreprises et leur intégration aux échanges extérieurs : cas de l'Algérie." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030032.
The purpose of the thesis is to analyse the strategic choice of the small and medium enterprise in Algeria as an option of change so as to diversify the sources of growth and to export except hydrocarbons. The strategy of industrialization uses once of import- substitution in which there were economic zones disregarding SME. To analyse such experience we need to look at the oil rent at the heart of the economic development of Algeria. The role of hydrocarbons as a factor of development and social organisation. To this end we use the “Duch Disease” theory to see whether it fits the economy of Algeria. Such analysis will be dealt with in using the main international trade theories. This will help to understand the results arrived at since the study of SME development as strategy and login of different conceptions that are sometimes complementary and sometimes even opposed. This study will help to find out the present difficulties of the country in trying to see the set up of an efficient SME sector able to open up to foreign trade. This study; will help to see Algerian’s capacity to adapt to the globalisation and even to the regionalisation. Experiences of other countries will be used to clarify the issues araised, so as to reduce the weaknesses and consolidate the strong points of the present policies of SME promotion in Algeria
Lopez, Olivier. "S'établir et travailler chez l'autre : les hommes de la Compagnie royale d'Afrique au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3019.
Founded in 1741, the French Royal African Company succeeds to exclusive trading companies, which only suffered setbacks in Marseille for two centuries in their relations with the Regencies of Barbary. Yet, for more than half a century, this new commercial structure experienced a real success. With officials durably settled primarily in the Alger Regency – trading stations in El Kala, Annaba and Collo –, the Royal African Company organizes and controls the fishery of coral in the Barbarian maritime territories, just like the first Coral Company did in the 16th century; the coral being a cherished product on the north shore of the Mediterranean Sea. However, the primary task of the Royal African Company is to ensure the trading of wheat in order to contribute to supplying the Kingdom of France and intervene as well on other markets. At the time when the Mediterranean becomes a peripheral area of world trade, when the economic thought calls into question the trading monopolies and when the Barbarian Regencies tend to normalize, this Company represents a good observatory to follow the commercial practices of the second half of the 18th century and analyze the strategies of the leading men. Besides, being established and working in the Other’s home, with its advantages and constraints, invites to understanding the relation to otherness. Thus, beyond the study of flows, sea lanes, nautical equipment, products, markets, and men – be it leaders or simple performers –, this research, blending quantitative and qualitative approaches, can also be presented as a reading of the intercultural practices between the various players on both sides of the Mediterranean
Nyama, Annie Laurence. "Le droit alimentaire européen dans les échanges commerciaux entre l'Union européenne et les pays subsahariens." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10028/document.
Food trade between EU and Sub-Saharans, are permanently increasing. This trade is surrounded by some food Law major principles, part of consumer Law. These main principles, deal with: safety, information, conformity, traceability, of food stuffs which have to be respected by all stakeholders in the agro-food business. This huge amount of legal instruments (international, European,) has to be mixed with the local regulations. These rules are used in the frame of the international contracts of importing food. Health and safety questions are a strong demand from consumers. But producers are paying much attention to the evolution of this corpus of rules of consumer protection, as far as they influence production, transformation, transport, storage, and distribution .Of course sub,-Saharan countries occupy a small part of international food trade, but it remains an important partner of EU, and this is an important encouragement mean to develop African production of foodstuffs. African countries cannot anymore apply their local and obsolete regulations, unefficient and lacking with global trade. In fact, European importers stress, by the terms of their contracts, imposed to the African partners, to respecting European sanitary rules. Otherwise they could not put the imported goods into circulation on the EU market. The thesis shows the necessity to up to date legal instruments in Africa . In particular the standards (official and private standards) will be very efficient for helping producers and exporters from developing countries to understand the constraints of mandatory rules, and their technical consequences in terms of modern production and management processes
Sharf, Edden Lamya. "Normes juridiques et pratiques commerciales en ifrīqiyya hafside d’apres les nawāzil al-aḤkām d’al-burzulī et al-mi`yār d’al-wanšarīsī." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3095.
Norm-practice gap or dialectical relationship? That's what this work attempted to show through a selection of fatāwā issued by the fuqahā´ of hafsid Ifrīqiyya. The interest of this research, in which we posed the question of the interaction between norm and practice, is that the hierarchy of norms, Kelsen universal principle, and principal applicable to Islamic is an except with the question of `urf. The fatāwā which are questions and answers, indicate that the fiqh has not quiet settled and the Muslim society is constantly changing/ new practices, new norms. In this work regarding the interaction between legal norms a social practice in the field of commercial transactions in medieval Ifrīqiyya. The first part is devoted to reflection on the concept of norm. The second part, is interested in applying this concept of norm to the classical Arabic normative sources (Coran, Sunna, iǧmā`, qiyās), to identify the referent normative. And the last part is devoted to exposition, translation an analysis of selected fatāwā to illustrate the interaction between norm and practice
Abidi, Salah. "La mer au Maghreb médiéval : pratiques et perceptions." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0647.
This dissertation analyses the relationship of the Maghribis with the sea in the Middle Ages and its role in the enrichment of the economical, social and mental life of the inhabitants of the shore. The Roman Mare nostrum was considered in the first centuries of Islam as the sea of the Byzantines, in opposition to the sea of Darkness, to describe the Atlantic ocean. But during the following centuries, muslims progressively take over the Mediterranean and compete with Byzance and the Latin world to master the technics of navigation and to dominate the maritim trade. Source of wealth, conquests and assertion of power, the sea engendered by the Maghribis both objective and mythological representations. Inherited from ancient civilizations, they have been constantly reshaped and enriched by the Maghribis thanks to their daily practices, but also due to their contacts with external worlds
Madignier, Antoine. "Déterminants du choix des partenaires commerciaux dans les échanges de blé et de produits dérivés du blé des pays du Maghreb." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10043/document.
Last years' rise of commodity price volatility and commodity chain reorganization which began in the 1990's questioned the issue of supply in wheat and wheat products for Maghreb countries. This work will try to understand the different wheat and wheat product import mode and their influence on trade partner choice. We settle our analyze on a theoretical framework in which actors perceive the goods they import, process or sell as a collection of characteristics corresponding to five logics (price, quality, related services, relations with the supplier and the risk of unavailability) and select their favorite variety in terms of these characteristics. Filière organization selects which actors are able to impose their preferences in international markets. A survey among actors shows a preference for the characteristics relating to quality and price on the three other logics, with a greater sensitivity of private actors for quality, public players are more focused solely on price. Finally, an analysis of imports using gravity equations confirms, on the one hand, predominance of variables associated with quality and prices on other variables to explain the choice of trading partner. On the other hand, it shows that the larger the share of imports carried by private companies on a filière, the more the variables associated with quality are influential in the choice of supplier
Ben, Khalifa Rached. "Les entrepreneurs issus de l’immigration maghrébine dans la métropole parisienne : tendances associatives, perspectives d’évolution et activités économiques avec le pays d’origine." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CNAM0808/document.
Absract:We discussed in this thesis the maghrebian entrepreneurial ship in Paris, This capital is known by its cultural diversity . the starting point was the association’s activities that make the business men that we meet. We have identified some entrepreneurial network. These network have as missions to federate des efforts of the maghrebian entrepreneurs to conterbalance the concurrents in France and to guarantee the best conditions for the entrepreneurial return to tha origin country in maghreb.We evoked also in this doctoral work, the aspects of maghrebian diasporas, and the difficulties to transmit the original cultures to the younger generations . the acting with the double culture and or the assimilation full integration in the host society (the frensh community) .We studied also some economic consequences of creating company in the origin country (Tunisia) by the maghrebian business men. Especially the economic desintegration or the integration through out the entrepreneurial establishement either creating compagnies or by some partenarship.Kee words: entrepreneurship, associations, network, diasporas, maghrebian, Paris, identities, culture, economic integration
Meunier, Bogdan. "Complexity, diplomatic relationships and business creation : a cross-regional analysis of the development of productive knowledge, trade facilitation and firm entry in regional markets." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E001/document.
This thesis takes a cross-regional analytical approach of three distinct economic areas to evaluate productive knowledge and diplomacy in the context of regional integration alongside determinants of business creation. From the angle of European integration, we introduce a new synthetic control methodology to evaluate the impact of EU accession on the economic complexity index of new CEE member states its results indicating that accession to the EU acted as a catalyst for the productive knowledge of countries with low levels of complexity before accession, allowing a higher rate of development in the sophistication of their product export space. Expanding our analysis to include all European countries and North African states, we proceed in a second stage to analyse institutional and logistical infrastructure determinants of trade by extending the traditional Gravity model to incorporate elements of diplomacy (including the presence of embassies and ambassadors). Our results demonstrate the benefits of soft and hard infrastructure as well as diplomatic activity on the bilateral trade fixed effect CEE and North African countries, validating their importance of these variables as powerful drivers of regional integration. In a final part, we turn our analysis to the Russian Federation as a regional geography with a panel regression analysis of the determinants of firm entry and exit. The empirical evaluation concludes that institutional failures and the politico-economic environment exhibit statistically significant and economically meaningful effects both on the creation and destruction of Russian firms, with a robust estimate of the world oil price (irrespective of the difference in target regions) suggesting a possible high exposure of each Russian region to a global crisis
Ayadi, Walid. "Les zones franches en Afrique du Nord dans le secteur du textile : impacts commerciaux et juridiques." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2266/1/M10961.pdf.