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Journal articles on the topic 'Commerce de la soie'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

ΓΕΡΟΛΥΜΑΤΟΥ, Μαρία. "Η Θήβα κέντρο εμπορίου και επικοινωνιών το 12ο αιώνα." BYZANTINA SYMMEIKTA 11 (September 29, 1997): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/byzsym.826.

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<p>Maria Gerolymatou</p><p> Thèbes, centre de commerce et de communications au 12e s.</p><p>Thèbes était une des étapes les plus importantes sur l'axe terrestre transversal qui assurait la communication entre le Péloponnèse et la Grèce centrale et septentrionale. Cet axe qui passait par Corinthe, Thèbes, Zètouni, Larissa et aboutissait à Thessalonique où il faisait jonction avec la Via Egnatia, a acquis une grande importance à partir du Xle siècle, lorsque le danger bulgare fut écarté du sud des Balkans. Il était souvent préféré à la voie maritime pour les déplacements des marchands entre Corinthe, Thèbes, Thessalonique et parfois même Constantinople. Conséquence de la revalorisation de la route terrestre fut le développement de nouveaux centres de commerce et d'échelles maritimes à des endroits où l'axe se rapprochait du littoral.</p><p>La floraison de l'artisanat de soie à Thèbes a entraîné le développement dans cette ville d'une classe aisée d'artisans, différenciée nettement de l'aristocratie locale. Les Vénitiens étant les seuls marchands Italiens qui aient pu obtenir la permission impériale de faire commerce à Thèbes, il est possible que les nouveaux centres de commerce n'aient pas seulement répondu à l'impératif de trouver de nouveaux marchés d'approvisionnement ou de nouveaux débouchés commerciaux; ils ont sans doute permis aux autres marchands étrangers, auxquels l'accès au marché de soieries de Thèbes était interdit, de contrecarrer l'interdiction et de se procurer par les Vénitiens des tissus de soie dans les autres marchés de l'espace géographique de la Grèce centrale où ils pouvaient se rendre sans difficultés et où ils entretenaient même des quartiers. C'était probablement le cas d'Halmyros, à l'entrée du golfe Pagasètikos.</p><p> </p>

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2

Demont, Vincent. "Prendre part au commerce vers l’Asie ? La route russe nordique de la soie (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles)." Revue de Synthèse 139, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2018): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552343-13900005.

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Résumé L’exploitation de nouvelles sources permet une recontextualisation des tentatives visant, au XVIIe siècle, à ouvrir une route de la soie russe, et principalement des projets de Frédéric III de Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf. L’article montre que ces projets, en dépit de leur caractère chimérique, s’inscrivaient dans les réseaux du commerce nord-ouest-européen vers la Russie, mais aussi qu’ils jouaient un rôle dans les évolutions de ceux-ci. Cela souligne la pertinence d’ambitions commerciales extra-européennes comme objet d’histoire européenne.

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3

Dugot, Philippe. "Commerce et culture." Sud-Ouest européen, no. 33 (June 1, 2012): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/soe.364.

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4

Pelus-Kaplan, Marie-Louise. "Négociations et négoce : la politique commerciale française en Russie au début du XVIIe siècle. Nouveaux éclairages sur la mission de Louis Deshayes de Courmenin à Moscou (1629)." Revue de Synthèse 139, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2018): 111–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552343-13900007.

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Résumé Richelieu envoie, en 1629, Louis Deshayes de Courmenin à Moscou afin de signer un traité pour la reprise du commerce français en Russie. Après Hauser (1944) et Zordanija (1960), nous tentons d’éclairer cette mission à l’aide de textes inédits. Un extrait du journal de voyage de Brisacier et d’autres documents montrent que les Français recherchent surtout les produits russes (fourrures et autres peaux, fournitures de marine, céréales). Bien que le tsar leur refuse le droit d’aller en Perse pour acheter la soie brute via la Russie, la mission de Deshayes est néanmoins un succès, économique et aussi politique.

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5

Schwob, Claude. "Keynes, Meade, Robbins et l’Organisation internationale du commerce." L'Actualité économique 83, no. 2 (February 4, 2008): 255–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017519ar.

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Résumé Il a fallu attendre l’année 1994 pour que soit décidée la création d’une organisation internationale chargée d’encadrer le commerce international : l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC). Pourtant des négociations ont commencé sur ce sujet dès 1941. Elles ont eu pour objectif de créer une Organisation internationale du commerce (OIC) et ont abouti en 1948 à la Charte de la Havane instituant une Organisation internationale du commerce. Mais l’OIC n’a jamais vu le jour. À une époque où s’exprime un désenchantement devant les promesses non tenues par les organisations internationales, il est utile de rappeler le contexte intellectuel dans lequel l’idée d’organiser le commerce mondial a émergé. L’article qui suit présente les conceptions des trois principaux économistes britanniques ayant participé à ces négociations : Keynes, Meade et Robbins.

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Karam Skaff, Jonathan. "The Sogdian Trade Diaspora in East Turkestan During the Seventh and Eighth Centuries." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 46, no. 4 (2003): 475–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852003772914866.

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AbstractEvidence from Chinese documents supports the hypothesis that Sogdians dominated Silk Road trade in East Turkestan during the seventh and eighth centuries. The merchants lived and/or traveled among a diaspora of Sogdians who settled in the oasis cities of the region and also practiced farming and handicraft making. Some traders traveled the entire distance between China and West Asia, but others operated along circumscribed routes that connected to the broader commercial network. Residents of the diaspora facilitated trade by acting as cultural intermediaries for unassimilated merchants. Le témoignage des documents chinois soutient l'hypothèse selon laquelle les Sogdiens dominèrent le commerce sur la route de la soie pendant les VIIe et VIIIe siècles. Les marchands habitèrent et/ou voyagèrent parmi une diaspora de Sogdiens qui s'établit autour des villesoasis de la région et exercèrent l'agriculture ainsi que l'artisanat. Certaines marchands voyagèrent sur toute la distance entre la Chine et l'Asie occidentale, tandis que d'autres travaillèrent sur des chemins courts les reliant à un réseau commercial plus large. Les habitants de la diaspora facilitèrent ce commerce en leur qualité d'intermédiaire culturels au service des marchands étrangers.

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7

Dufour, Sophie. "I Commerce." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 35 (1998): 307–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800006688.

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Le processus d'ouverture des frontières a franchi de nouveaux sommets au cours des années 1995 et 1996. Que ce soit au sein de l'Accord de libre-échange nord-américain (ci-après ALÉNA), de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (ci-après OMC) ou de la zone de libre-échange des Amériques envisagée d'ici l'an 2005, le Canada a grandement contribué à ce processus, tel que nous le verrons dans les paragraphes qui suivent.

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8

St-Amant, Martin. "I Commerce." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 30 (1992): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800005166.

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L’Année 1991 Marque une pause notable dans l’action juridique du Canada au GATT. Les conflits auxquels il fut partie ainsi que l’activité qu’il a déployée cette année là, ont été en effet peu nombreux. Le Canada, en cette période d’incertitude, relativement à la conclusion des négociations commerciales multilatérales de l’Uruguay Round, a ainsi semblé s’en remettre davantage à une mise en oeuvre effective de l’Accord de libre-échange Canada-États-Unis, que ce soil pour accroître l'accès de ses produits et services sur le marché américain ou pour gérer efficacement les différendscommerciaux avec son principal partenaire économique.

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9

Kriedte, Peter. "La Dynastie Von Der Leyen de Krefeld." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 50, no. 4 (August 1995): 725–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1995.279398.

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Les testaments de Friedrich et Heinrich von der Leyen, datant respectivement de 1778 et 1780, contiennent tous deux un passage à peu près similaire : une rétrospective du demi-siècle passé, qui fut largement marqué, à Krefeld, par l'histoire de la firme Friedrich & Heinrich von der Leyen:« Dès le temps de ma jeunesse, ma principale occupation fut d'établir en ces lieux différentes fabriques et manufactures de soie ; de même, je m'efforçai d'attirer ici, à grands frais, les maîtres et les artisans spécialisés les plus habiles venus de contrées étrangères ; mon intention était toujours d'œuvrer en faveur du bien-être commun des habitants de la ville, de remédier au manque de pain, de nourriture et de revenus, d'encourager les artistes et les artisans les plus versés dans ce domaine en les rétribuant convenablement, et d'assurer à la ville elle-même prospérité et prestige parmi les lieux de commerce.

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FREEBAIRN, JOHN. "SOME MARKET EFFECTS OF E-COMMERCE." Singapore Economic Review 46, no. 01 (April 2001): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590801000231.

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An important characteristic of E-commerce is that it is a form of technological change. The effects of E-commerce induced reductions in business production costs and on seller to buyer transaction costs are assessed. Comparative static models for different market structures are used to assess the effects of E-commerce on prices, quantities, aggregate efficiency gains, and the distribution of benefits and costs. Ultimately consumers are the principal beneficiaries via lower prices. Competitive forces and profit incentives induce firms to adopt cost reducing E-commerce technology.

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Normatov, Nuriddin Murodovich. "SOME ISSUES OF INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE PROTECTION OF CONSUMER RIGHTS IN E-COMMERCE." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 04, no. 02 (February 1, 2022): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume04issue02-09.

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The article analyzes aspects of protecting consumer rights in e-commerce, as well as ensuring information security at the same time, which hinders the further development of e-commerce in our country.

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Pecqueur, Bernard. "Commerce et ruralité. La « renaissance rurale » d’un siècle à l’autre ?" Sud-Ouest européen, no. 48 (December 20, 2019): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/soe.6391.

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13

Bjorklund, Eric. "Just One Click Away: The Politics of E-Commerce Sales Tax Policy." Sociological Inquiry 87, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 97–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/soin.12138.

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14

Tkachenko, Olha, and Maksym Hnatiuk. "Some Aspects of E-commerce Business Process Automation." Digital Platform: Information Technologies in Sociocultural Sphere 6, no. 2 (November 13, 2023): 458–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2617-796x.6.2.2023.293620.

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Automation of e-commerce business processes is one of the key elements in optimising e-commerce operations. Modern enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and customer relationship management (CRM) systems contribute to the optimisation and automation of e-commerce business operations. The article discusses the benefits of business process automation, such as reduction of time, costs and risks, and data analysis for making informed management decisions. Some aspects of automation of e-commerce business processes are investigated, such as control of stocks of goods, tracking the movement of goods (logistics business processes), analysis of supply and demand, forecasting market trends, and planning and management of resources. The purpose of the article is to study and analyse various systems for automation of business processes, in particular, accounting and sales of goods, e-commerce; to identify existing problems and ways to solve them; to apply an innovative approach to the implementation of information systems for e-business support, which combines the guarantee of a high level of security and excellent performance with a wide range of functionalities that meet modern user requirements. The research methods are the main methodological approaches and technological tools for creating high-performance and user-friendly e-commerce business process automation systems. The novelty of the research is the analysis of modern technologies for developing platforms for supporting e-commerce business processes, the results of which can be used in the development of an in-house software product – a system for automating business processes, in particular, accounting and sales of goods. Conclusions. The paper examines the existing views on the modern approach to the development of e-commerce business process automation systems. The advantages and disadvantages of the known e-commerce business process automation systems are analyzed, and the importance of such systems in achieving the efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises in the modern business environment is noted. The introduction of IT and relevant business process automation information systems makes it possible to increase the accuracy of accounting, reduce the time and cost of operations, improve customer interaction and optimize resource management.

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Dignum, Frank. "E‐commerce in production: some experiences." Integrated Manufacturing Systems 13, no. 5 (August 2002): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060210429739.

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16

Miller, Owen. "Ties of Labour and Ties of Commerce: Corvée among Seoul Merchants in the Late 19th Century." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 50, no. 1 (2007): 41–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852007780323896.

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AbstractThe wealthiest guilds of the Choson Dynasty (1392-1910) capital, Seoul, formed part of the government's provisioning system, providing mainly luxury goods for royal palaces, government offices and tribute gifts to China and Japan. The guild merchants were also expected to provide corvée labour to the government on a regular basis, although by the late nineteenth century much of this labour was commuted to cash payments. Using a collection of surviving documents from the guildhall of the Myonjujon (Guild of Domestic Silk Merchants), this paper looks in detail at the burden of corvée labour, particularly during the politically and economically tumultuous years between 1884 and 1894. It finds that the merchants' corvée reflected the close relationship between guilds and government and also the two-sided nature of this relationship for the merchants. Thus, while they received certain protections and privileges from the government, the guild merchants were also particularly vulnerable to official corruption, which found a damaging outlet in the corvée system. Les guildes les plus riches de la dynastie de Chosaon (1392-1910) Séoul ont fait partie du système de l'approvisionnement du gouvernement, fournissant principalement des marchandises de luxe pour les palais royaux, les bureaux du gouvernement et les cadeaux d'hommage pour la Chine et le Japon. Les guildes était aussi obligés à fournir au gouvernement la corvée régulière, bien que par la fin du dix-neuvième siècle beaucoup de ce travail ait été commuté aux paiements en espèces. En utilisant une collection de documents extant dansla maison de la guilde des marchands en soie domestiques (Myaonjujaon), cet article regarde en détail le fardeau de la corvée, en particulier pendant des années tumultueuses, politiquement et économiquement, entre 1884 et 1894. Il constate que la corvée des marchands reflétait la relation étroite entre les guildes et le gouvernement et également le caractère double de cette relation pour les marchands. Ainsi, alors qu'ils recevaient de certains protections et privilèges du gouvernement, les marchands de guilde étaient particulièrement vulnérables à la corruption officielle qui menait à l'abus du système de la corvée.

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Mikhnevich, E. S. "On some trends in global e-commerce shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic." Obshchestvo i ekonomika, no. 3 (2022): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020736760019062-7.

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The article is based on statistical data; the author examines the main trends which are taking shape in global e-commerce under the COVID-19 pandemic. The dynamics of the global e-commerce market from 2018 to 2021, including the data on leading countries of the world and by region, is shown in the article. It is argued that the economic damage caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been mitigated due to the digitalization of the global economy. The author analyzes the causes of changes in consumer preferences during the pandemic, and in the structure of global e-commerce. The article examines the reasons for conversion rate changes in some countries, including by product category and by type of electronic devices used by customers. The factors that have given a new impetus to the development of e-commerce models such as D2C and mobile commerce are also analyzed.

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CIRAD, CTFT. "Commerce des bois tropicaux." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 150 (December 23, 2020): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft1973.150.a36287.

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Note sur le marché de l'OkouméLa situation de l'approvisionnement du marchéde l'Okoumé n'a fait que s'aggraver depuis notredernière revue de ce sujet.A fin juillet les réceptions par l'Office du Gabonétaient inférieures de 43. 000 tonnes aux prévisionset les perspectives des cinq derniers mois n'étaientguère favorables à tel point que les contrats d'exportationont dû être réduits à 85 % de leurmontant initial.Dans ces conditions il est trop tôt pour évoquerles possibilités de 197 4, mais la reprised'activité en septembre-octobre, l'évolution descours des Bois Divers africains, et l'impactdes arrivages de bois d'Extrême-Orient, donnerontd'ici deux mois de précieuses indicationssur l'évolution probable de la demandeen 1974.Note sur le marché des bois exotiques et tropicauxBien qu' officiellement la période des congés soitterminée, la reprise d'activité est trop récente ettrop brève pour noter des modifications importantespar rapport au calme et à la stabilité descours que nous avons connus depuis deux mois,malgré qu'à l'image de la Côte-d'Ivoire, les Gouvernementsdu Cameroun et du Gabon aient décrétécourant juillet une augmentation des taxes de sortie.Cependant, il est à craindre que la reprise normalede septembre soit différée d'un mois pourdeux raisons principales chargements très importantsdurant juillet/août d'où création de stocksdans les ports européens, et le coût extrêmementimportant de l'argent, coût devenant tel qu'il està prévoir que, contrairement à l'habitude, lesmarchés attendront le tout dernier moment pourrenouveler leurs stocks et leurs contrats.Les trois derniers mois de l'année devraient doncs'annoncer relativement calmes dans leur ensembleavec des cours qui devraient enfin connaître lastabilisation pour le plus grand bien de l'ensemblede la profession.

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Koli, Bhawna, Chitra Koli, Pawan Bhura, and Manu Umesh. "A STUDY OF SOME OBSERVATIONS OF FDI RULES AND POLICY ON E‐COMMERCE IN INDIA." VIDYA - A JOURNAL OF GUJARAT UNIVERSITY 2, no. 2 (September 28, 2023): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47413/vidya.v2i2.249.

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This research paper delves into the intricate relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) rules and policies and the rapidly evolving landscape of e-commerce in India. The study aims to analyze the impact of FDI regulations on the growth, competitiveness, and structure of the Indian e-commerce sector. By examining historical developments, policy shifts, and their consequences, this research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics between FDI and e-commerce in the Indian context.

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Whigham, Thomas. "Some Reflections on Early Anglo-paraguayan Commerce." Americas 44, no. 3 (January 1988): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1006907.

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Scholars of the British experience in Latin America have given considerable attention to the adventures of the two Scottish merchants John Parish Robertson and his brother William, who visited Paraguay between 1811 and 1814. The image of the taciturn Dictator José Gaspar de Francia attempting to use the two British subjects to establish commercial links with Europe has appeared in virtually all histories of the period. Francia's failure in this regard, we are frequently told, ushered in a period of self-imposed isolation for Paraguay. Few foreigners, merchants or otherwise, were permitted to breech the barriers set up by the Dictator and Paraguay quickly took on the reputation of an “inland Japan.” That these barriers were not as absolute as the traditional portrayal would suggest has been established only in the last fifteen years. With few exceptions, the historical accounts have assumed that, with the departure of the Robertsons, British merchants lost all interest in Paraguay. In fact, however, a strong desire to “open” the trade of that country characterized the British mercantile community of Buenos Aires throughout the life of the Dictator and, on one occasion at the very end of Dr. Francia's reign, a concerted effort was made by certain Britons to reintroduce British commerce to Paraguay.

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Ahamed, Bulbul, SM Monirul Islam, and Kismat Qaom. "Customers Attitude towards E-commerce in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study on Some Selected B2C E-commerce Sites." Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbt.v10i1.26905.

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This study aims at identifying salient attributes of e-commerce sites in Bangladesh. The study tries to assess the perception of customers about the performance of major-e-commerce sites on those attributes. Eighteen potential attributes are preliminarily selected, and after conducting a pre-test on 50 sample respondents eleven salient attributes are selected for the study. Finally 108 respondents are taken as the study sample. Mertin Fishbeins multi-attribute attitude models adopted to measure the customers attitude. Respondents were asked their belief and evaluation towards some B2C ecommerce sites. The benchmark of positive belief is hypothesized as 4 in a 5 point scale. The significance of the difference between observed mean of customers belief and the predetermined benchmark is measured by left tailed Z statistic. It is found that the sample respondents believe that the performance of the B2C e-commerce sites in Bangladesh is up to the benchmark in teams of only two attributes among the eleven. The findings of this study may be used by the existing B2C e-commerce companies as well as by the future e-commerce entrepreneurs in Bangladesh to establish a quality and customer-driven B2C e-commerce industry. Even the customers will be benefitting if the industry considers the findings of the study.Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) Vol.10(1) 2015; 37-54

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Tofan, Mihaela, and Ionel Bostan. "Some Implications of the Development of E-Commerce on EU Tax Regulations." Laws 11, no. 1 (February 10, 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws11010013.

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E-commerce has progressed within Europe before, on the basis of the pre-pandemic raise, with COVID-19 determining an explosion of its evolution. The European e-commerce market is very important, linking together more than 500 million consumers. This paper presents the results of assessing the guidelines and trends observed in the European regulatory process in the current period, when e-commerce is developing appreciably, studying the applicable legal norms and their effects on facilitating the control of remote payments. Compliance with the VAT (value-added tax) regime is addressed in the context described by the two important categories of active legal rules: the rules for consumer protection and the rules related to ensuring data protection. The investigation of the legal framework in this regard started from the presupposition that the necessary changes in regulation for facilitating e-commerce are capable to determine indirect changes in many aspects of financial rules and taxation. While analyzing the regulation of online trade, the various measures undertaken recently in respect to European sources of law and their implications for national legal framework opened additional directions of investigation. This paper points out the indirect effect of e-commerce development on the regulatory framework, both in the area of consumer protection and in line with the difficult balance between the right to information and protection of data. The fiscal effects of e-commerce payments and the challenges for the value-added tax regime are also addressed, both from a theoretical point of view and with input from the Court of Justice of the European Union’s jurisprudence. The analyzed documents show that, in this respect, the legal reform will go deeper and will continue with the rhythm of the development of the online activities.

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Bernard1, Tiphaine. "La lutte contre le commerce illégal d’espèces sauvages." Criminologie 49, no. 2 (December 19, 2016): 71–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1038417ar.

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Cet article propose de traiter de la lutte contre le commerce illégal des espèces sauvages. Il y est donc fait état de l’ampleur de ce commerce et notamment de l’implication de groupes criminels organisés dans celui-ci. De plus, l’auteure explique que les conséquences de ce commerce, qui restent encore trop méconnues, sont multiples et inquiétantes. Les conventions et les législations apparaissent dès lors comme inadaptées bien qu’un cadre de référence soit défini par la Convention sur le commerce international des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d’extinction. En outre, la lutte contre les trafics est également le fait d’acteurs non étatiques dont le rôle continue de s’accroître en complément des interventions nationales. Finalement, l’auteure propose des solutions qui pourraient être mises en oeuvre, notamment la prise d’actions sur le plan local qui permettrait de régler le problème de manière globale.

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Pelet, J. E. "BUYING WINE ONLINE OR OFFLINE: SOME DETERMINANTS OF BUYER INTENT FOR FRENCH CONSUMERS." Strategic decisions and risk management 14, no. 1 (July 15, 2023): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2618-947x-2023-1-10-17.

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This paper aims at determining the reasons why customers prefer to buy wine online or offline, the first comprising both mobile-commerce (m-commerce) and e-commerce platforms. In particular, this research strives to understand effects of social influence and enjoyment on the intention to purchase wine from online and offline touchpoints. Moreover, the goal is to find out about the differences in the behaviour of French wine buyers and explain the choice of channel buyers prefer to use when they purchase wine.To answer our research questions, data was collected through an online questionnaire. A theoretical model is suggested and tested by the use of SmartPLS3. Online and offline buyers are compared using multi-group analysis (MGA) technique. Wine buyers are compared by the use of one-way ANOVA through SPSS 19.To date no paper has examined the differences between shopping behaviour in a retail store or on e-commerce or m-commerce platforms considering perceived enjoyment and social influence constructs. Hence, this contribution brings to the fore preliminary results on wine shopping behaviour and reveals what drives consumers to make a decision in favour of buying wine online or offline.The results show that fun and social influence affect intention to buy wine from offline touchpoints. Enjoyment also strongly and significantly affects the intention to buy wine from online touchpoints.

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Ahmed Wani, Bilal, and Noor Azizah BT. MohamadAli. "Covid-19 Sparked the E-Commerce Revolution; Some Benefited, While Others Left in Cold." International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 14, no. 03 (June 30, 2022): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcsit.2022.14309.

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The world economy, and particularly international commerce, has incurred huge losses because of the coronavirus epidemic. Due to the worldwide lockdown, social isolation, and other precautions taken to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers have boosted their purchases on digital services. Therefore, the corporate environment underwent dramatic changes throughout the quarantine period. The COVID-19 crisis sped up the expansion of the digital commerce industry. The digital commerce industries have exploded in growth during the COVID-19 disaster. Businesses and consumers progressively "went online" as lockdowns became routine. It is anticipated that the growth rate of global ecommerce will be 12.2 percent in the year 2022, which will bring the total sales of global e-commerce to $5.542 trillion. Despite this, the pace of increase is slower than it was this time last year. By 2021, growth rates for worldwide e-commerce will have reached 16.3 percent. This is a slowdown compared to the growth rate of 26.4 percent that was seen in 2020, which was also the biggest year-over-year rise those experts anticipate between 2020 and 2025 and may be related to the coronavirus pandemic that occurred in recent years. Consumers in developing economies are the most likely to purchase online. Consumers and companies in many of the world's least developed nations have been unable to take advantage of pandemic-induced e-commerce prospects owing to continuing restrictions. These include high-cost internet services, an overdependence on cash, a lack of customer trust, and a populace with little digital skills. The danger is that the existing massive digital disparities between and within nations would deteriorate further in the aftermath of the epidemic.

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Sungkar, Anna. "Some Thoughts on Urban Living Trends 2022." Dekonstruksi 9, no. 01 (December 19, 2022): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54154/dekonstruksi.v9i01.129.

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The pandemic has accelerated urban people to conduct transactions, commerce, business and online movement. However, before and outside the pandemic, there is a trend towards increasing religiosity, the hijab as a fashion trend, the coffee craze, the corporatization of warteg, the tendency to shop via smartphones, a fondness for antiques, and a sluggishness in contemporary art, which should be noted. There is the L-project, an art project that tries to break free from the frozen art commerce.

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Tadros, Catherine, and Marie-Claire Malo. "Commerce équitable, démocratie et solidarité : Equal Exchange, une coopérative exceptionnelle au Nord." Le dossier : La solidarité internationale 15, no. 1 (May 11, 2004): 76–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008262ar.

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Résumé Le mouvement du commerce équitable promeut un nouveau modèle de commerce international qui reçoit un accueil grandissant. Bien que la certification par un organisme tiers soit maintenant en place, on remarque une asymétrie des conditions imposées aux organisations du Sud comparativement à celles du Nord, notamment quant au mode de gouvernance. Equal Exchange, une coopérative de travailleurs aux États-Unis, pourrait devenir un modèle pour les OCE en Amérique du Nord. En effet, ses structures et pratiques reflètent l’ensemble des principes du commerce équitable, y compris ceux imposés au Sud. On découvre une parente de la coopérative de solidarité québécoise, mais à saveur internationale.

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MARCOCI, Petrică Mihail. "Some Considerations Regarding Fraud Investigation in E-Commerce." International Journal of Information Security and Cybercrime 5, no. 1 (June 29, 2016): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19107/ijisc.2016.01.04.

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Pérez Calderón, Rebeca. "Some considerations about informal commerce in Mexico City." Gestión y Estrategia 25 (January 1, 2004): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/uam/azc/dcsh/gye/2004n25/perez.

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Shah, Bharat. "Some Systems Engineering Considerations for e-Commerce Projects." INSIGHT 3, no. 4 (January 2001): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/inst.20013423.

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Nekoteneva, M. V. "E-COMMERCE AND SOME OF THE FEATURES OF CONSUMER PROTECTION RIGHTS UNDER EU LAW." Lex Russica, no. 11 (November 22, 2019): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.156.11.140-145.

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The paper deals with the problems of consumer protection rights in the distance selling and service provision, e-Commerce under the law of the European Union (the main and additional requirements for the information provided at various stages of the agreement; the consequences of non-fulfillment of the information obligations by the counterparties of the consumer provided by the EU law). The provisions of the acts of primary and secondary law of the European Union affecting the regulation of consumer protection rights in the distance selling and provision of services, e-Commerce are analyzed. The responsibility of service providers acting as intermediaries in the implementation of e-Commerce is considered. The classification of prohibited types of unfair influence on the economic behavior of the consumer is provided, i.e. improper influence, unfair commercial activity (and its types), etc. The prospects of studying and adapting the experience of the European Union in the field of regulation of consumer protection in the distance selling and provision of services, e-Commerce for the Russian Federation are noted. Some features of regulation of sale of goods (services) through the Internet are highlighted, and general recommendations on improvement of the current legislation are given.

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Soubaya, Isabelle, Jean-Louis Mucchielli, and Séverine Chédor. "Investissements directs à l'étranger des multinationales françaises et relations commerciales avec leurs filiales. Une analyse sur données individuelles d'entreprises." Revue économique 51, no. 3 (May 1, 2000): 747–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reco.p2000.51n3.0747.

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Résumé Dans le cadre des débats sur la substitution-complémentarité entre les investissements directs à l'étranger et le commerce extérieur, il a souvent été mis en évidence une discordance entre les hypothèses théoriques et les résultats empiriques. Ce débat existe pour l'ensemble des pays et en particulier pour la France. Une précédente étude menée sur données individuelles d'entreprises avait mis en évidence une relation globale de complémentarité entre les investissements à l'étranger des firmes françaises et leurs exportations (Chédor et Mucchielli [1998]). L'objectif de cette nouvelle analyse est d'approfondir cette relation en examinant à quel type d'échanges les investissements directs sont plus directement reliés. Nous avons alors analysé les relations d'échanges des entreprises françaises qui investissent à l'étranger, soit avec leurs propres filiales (échanges intra-firme), soit avec les autres entreprises des pays étrangers (échanges appelés ici inter-firmes). Les nouveaux résultats indiquent que la complémentarité entre les investissements directs et le commerce total des entreprises multinationales françaises s'explique par une forte complémentarité du commerce intra-firme et par une substitution inter-firmes.

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Harrois, Thibaud. "Les nouvelles relations entre le Royaume-Uni et l’Union européenne." Questions internationales 110, no. 6 (December 9, 2021): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/quin.110.0030.

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La signature de l’Accord de commerce et de coopération le 30 décembre 2020 marqua ?épilogue d’un processus commencé quatre ans et demiplus tôt, le 23 juin 2016, lorsqu’une majorité d’électeurs britanniques choisit de sortir de l’Union européenne. La procédure de retrait s’est en réalité achevée avec la sortie effective du Royaume-Uni le 1 er février 2020, moyennant une période de transition d’un an. Mais l’accord ne résout pas tout. Que ce soit à propos des vaccins contre la Covid-19, de l’accès des pêcheurs européens aux eaux territoriales britanniques ou de la question de l’Irlande du Nord, l’actualité ne cesse de rappeler la complexité de nouvelles relations régulièrement sources de crispations.

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Padilla, Joshua, and H. Selim. "Glyphosate Transport in Two Louisiana Agricultural Soils: Miscible Displacement Studies and Numerical Modeling." Soil Systems 2, no. 3 (September 14, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems2030053.

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Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine) (GPS) is currently the most commonly used herbicide worldwide, and is generally considered as immobile in soils. However, numerous reports of the environmental occurrence of the herbicide coupled with recent evidence of human toxicity necessitate further investigation as to the behavior of GPS in the soil environment. Batch sorption studies along with miscible displacement experiments were carried out in order to assess the mobility of GPS in two Louisiana agricultural soils; Commerce silt loam and Sharkey clay. Batch results indicated a high affinity of both soils for solvated GPS, with greater affinity observed by the Sharkey soil. GPS sorption in the Commerce soil was most likely facilitated by the presence of amorphous Fe and Al oxides, whereas the high cation exchange capacity of the Sharkey soil likely allows for GPS complexation with surface exchangeable poly-valent cations. Miscible displacement studies indicate that GPS mobility is highly limited in both soils, with 3% and 2% of the applied herbicide mass recovered in the effluent solution from the Commerce and Sharkey soils, respectively. A two-site multi-reaction transport model (MRTM) adequately described GPS breakthrough from both soils and outperformed linear modeling efforts using CXTFIT. Analysis of extracted herbicide residues suggests that the primary metabolite of GPS, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), is more mobile in both soils, although both compounds are strongly retained.

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Wen, Haoyu, Kai S. Koong, and Lai C. Liu. "Some observations on the US e-commerce trade statistics." International Journal of Services and Standards 10, no. 3 (2015): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijss.2015.070693.

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Agoshkov, A. V. "Legal Practices in E-commerce: Some Issues of Application." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 8 (August 31, 2023): 539–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2308-04.

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Economic relations of the last 30 years are characterized by a number of features, among which is digitalization. According to researchers, with all the abundance of definitions of this phenomenon, its main features can be called total computerization and widespread use of the Internet. The technologization of economic activity (electronic document management, online meeting format, computerization of marketing using CRM systems and similar programs) changes the very nature of this activity, making it more flexible and transparent, partially reducing the importance of the human factor. The concentration of actions and communication on the Internet allows us to talk about the formation of the principles of self-government in the network space. The author of this study set as his goal to test the hypothesis about the existence of legal customs that regulate certain economic processes in the context of digitalization.

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Ko, Jai-kil, and Dong-Joo Lee. "Current Status of Cross-Border E-Commerce between China and North Korea and its Implications for Inter-Korean Transactions." Korea International Trade Research Institute 18, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 273–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jiyc.22.5.202210.273.

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Purpose - This study considers a realistic plan for introducing e-commerce between South and North Korea in terms of designing a future-oriented inter-Korean trade system, amid the rapid growth of cross-border e-commerce worldwide. Design/Methodology/Approach - For this purpose, based on the current status of cross-border e-commerce, we examine the progress and revitalization strategies of cross-border e-commerce in China, and provide implications for inter-Korean trade through the analysis of North Korea's e-commerce introduction and multilateral cooperation cases. Findings - As a step-by-step direction for inter-Korean e-commerce cooperation in consideration of internal and external conditions, we suggest a plan to first establish a promotion system between South and North Korea and China, and propose a plan to open and operate dedicated logistics facilities in the North-China border area. Second, it is necessary to improve the system and simplify the procedure to prepare a one-stop system for inter-Korean e-commerce. Third, starting with a B2B method, processes gradually expand to a B2C or C2C method. Fourth, we propose a method of selecting and operating a pilot item group and company, and then examining whether the target items and participants will be gradually expanded. Research Implications - In the meantime, study on the introduction of e-commerce between South and North Korea has been cut off for a long time, and in this situation, this study can be meaningful in that it presents a step-by-step approach to market creation while minimizing risks for the proponents.

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38

Leclair, Jean. "La Constitution par l'histoire : portée et étendue de la compétence fédérale en matière de lettres de change et de billets à ordre." Les Cahiers de droit 33, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 535–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043148ar.

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Dans le présent article, l'auteur tente de démontrer, par le moyen d'une approche historique, que la compétence exclusive attribuée en 1867 au Parlement fédéral en matière de lettres de change et de billets à ordre ne porte que sur le seul droit des effets de commerce au sens strict, soit les facettes purement techniques qui distinguent cette convention des autres contrats. L'histoire révèle qu'au cours de la période préconfédérale les législatures coloniales ont procédé à une uniformisation des pratiques relatives au droit des effets de commerce au sens strict, et ce par le moyen d'emprunts aux concepts du droit anglais. Le Bas-Canada n'a pas échappé à ce mouvement, ce qui a eu pour résultat d'écarter la presque totalité des sources du droit français des effets de commerce qui avaient été réintroduites dans la Province of Quebec en 1774. Le même souci d'uniformisation aurait été à la base de la dévolution au Parlement central en 1867 d'un pouvoir de légiférer en matière de lettres de change et de billets à ordre. L'auteur en déduit que la compétence fédérale ne dépasserait donc pas en étendue le champ occupé par les interventions législatives coloniales préconfédérales. L'Acte des lettres de change, adopté en 1890, vient conforter cette hypothèse. Cette loi, premier texte législatif fédéral d'importance sur les lettres de change et les billets à ordre, entendait « codifier » le droit canadien des effets de commerce. L'objectif était donc d'exercer pleinement la compétence allouée au Parlement central en vertu de l'article 91 (18). Or cette loi ne fera rien de plus que constater l'ensemble des règles propres au droit des effets de commerce au sens strict.

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Belykh, Vladimir, Anna Gubareva, Larisa Dobrynina, and Lubov Gudovicheva. "Some issues of legal regulation of electronic commerce in the Russian Federation." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 01059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817001059.

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Over the past ten years the Internet has developed into the global market space; now the commodities of online shops have already become accessible to the mass consumer on a global scale. The article analyzes the topical aspects of development of e-commerce in the Russian Federation and abroad (in the light of the experience of China). Special attention is devoted to the economic advantages of a segment of trade "business to customer" (B2C) and trans boundary-related legal risks that online-trade participants carry. The article outlines the prospects for the development of this sector in Russia in light of the "Strategy for the development of electronic commerce for the period until 2025".

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Guercini, Simone, Silvia Ranfagni, and Andrea Runfola. "E-commerce internationalization for top luxury fashion brands: some emerging strategic issues." Journal of Management Development 39, no. 4 (February 28, 2020): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-10-2019-0434.

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PurposeThis article investigates the integration between online and offline channels in the internationalization of top luxury fashion brands. It aims at pointing out the main drivers of such integration, comparing the top international markets for the luxury goods sector.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical investigation regards an analysis on secondary data of eight top luxury players in the fashion industry and 12 top international markets for the luxury goods sector.FindingsThis study shows that the integration between physical and online channels is driven by the market rather than by the company strategies. Moreover, it points out that the e-commerce presence of luxury brands is stronger in developed markets, while in emerging markets it is less pronounced. Moreover, the integration between channels is mainly achieved through logistic rather than technological tools.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has major implications. From the perspectives of luxury brands in the fashion industry, it points out the main drivers for integration between online and offline channels and the main differences among international markets.Practical implicationsThis research deliver insights for marketers interested in benchmarking with top leading luxury brand in fashion and to define e-commerce internationalization policies.Originality/valueThe originality of the article regards the joint consideration of two emerging issues for luxury players, e-commerce internationalization and omnichannel strategies.

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41

Berry, Mark N. "The Impact of Economics on Competition Law in New Zealand Some Reflections on the First Decade." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 26, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v26i1.6180.

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The economic focus of the Commerce Act 1986 is unique in New Zealand, both in terms of its theoretical foundations and its institutional framework. The author reflects on these features of the Act and the impact that economics has had on the decision-making process. This article reviews the New Zealand landscape in terms of the goals of the Commerce Act, its institutional framework, and the manner in which the strict rules of evidence may be relaxed. It then considers, by using Justice Breyer's framework (in S J Breyer "Economics and Judging: An Afterword on Cooter and Wald" (1987) 50 Law and Contemp Probs 245), how economics has impacted upon the content of rules of law and the proof of specific economic facts. The author concludes with a brief assessment of likely and desirable future trends in New Zealand law, arguing that it was likely that economics would continue to have a major impact on the Commerce Act; aside from in the interpretation of dominance principles, the author argues that the foundations are strongly in place for the continued growth of law and economics in this field.

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Ghuge, Kshitij. "AgriSolutions: Innovations in Crop Disease Prediction, Crop Recommendation, and E Commerce." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 4 (April 30, 2024): 5649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.61302.

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Abstract: Crop disease prediction and crop recommendation are important steps towards sustainable agriculture. The use of deep learning, EfficientNet_v2 and image processing technologies can help in improve accuracy in these tasks. Identification of plant diseases and recommendation of crops cannot maximize only yield production but can be supportive for varied types of agricultural practices The existing system of crop recommendation employs data analysis to suggest suitable crops based on soil and climate factors, while disease prediction system utilizes predictive models to anticipate and prevent crop diseases. In this Paper, we propose a model that combines these techniques to accurately identify to recommend suitable crops based on the Soil Parameters and climate conditions of the farm. Our proposed model achieved and classify plant diseases, recommend suitable crops based on the soil condition. To achieve this, we trained a deep neural network on a large dataset of images of healthy and diseased plants, and performed image preprocessing.

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Roy, Sharmistha. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOME MCDM TECHNIQUES FOR E-COMMERCE APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science 9, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26483/ijarcs.v9i1.5361.

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Stoney, Mark A., and Susan Stoney. "The problems of jurisdiction to e‐commerce – some suggested strategies." Logistics Information Management 16, no. 1 (February 2003): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576050310453778.

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45

Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. "Commerce and State Power in Eighteenth-Century India: Some Reflections." South Asia Research 8, no. 2 (November 1988): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026272808800800201.

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46

Hai, Vu Trong, Tran Thi Lan Chi, and Cao Van Quyen. "Some suggestions to improve logistics in Vietnam e-commerce activities." International Journal of Research in Finance and Management 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26175754.2023.v6.i1a.197.

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47

Liu, Peng. "On Some Legal Problems in Postal Administration." Journal of Finance Research 4, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jfr.v4i1.3244.

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With the development of e-commerce, the express delivery industry in China has developed rapidly. In the past, the express logistics service with postal service as the core has gradually developed into a competitive situation among many logistics companies, such as EMS, Shunfeng, and “Four Tong & One Da”(Shentong Express, Yuantong Express, Zhongtong Express, Best Express, Yunda Express). With the rapid development of China’s express industry, and the development of e-commerce, the number of online shopping has increased, express has become an important choice for small goods exchanges. As a new industry in China, express service industry greatly promotes the development of social economy. With the rapid development of express industry, China has surpassed the United States and become the largest express country in the world. The proportion of express industry in GDP has exceeded 1%, which is becoming one of the pillar industries in China. At the same time, the development of the industry is not standardized. Due to the difference of service standards and the lack of service quality, the number of consumer complaints is increasing.

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Flint, David. "Some Regulatory and Legal Issues of US E-Commerce: An Overview." Business Law Review 20, Issue 8/9 (August 1, 1999): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula1999066.

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Bajaj, Kamlesh K. "Asia's Leap into E-commerce: Analysis of Developments in Some Countries." Prometheus 19, no. 4 (December 2001): 363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08109020110091422.

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Jin, Gao. "The Deficiency of E-Commerce Contract and some Propose to Perfect." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 2265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.2265.

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With the development of information technology, electronic data exchange to some extent takes the place of the traditional transaction based on paper contract, which challenged the legal system and the information security system while facilitating the transaction. This paper studied the typical procedures of signing a E-commerce contract, found that there are some problems on legal and operation levels, especially on the TTP system, and put forward some suggestions to improve it.

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