Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Commensalism'
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Storelli, Gilles. "Caractérisation de l’interaction mutualiste liant Drosophila melanogaster à son symbionte Lactobacillus plantarum." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1041.
Full textSymbiotic bacterial populations (also called the “microbiota”) have a dramatic impact on their host’s physiology. However, our understanding of the mechanisms shaping host/microbes mutualism remains limited. We took advantage of Drosophila tractability to characterize the host’s and the microbial factors engaged in mutualism. During my PhD, I focused on the impact of the microbiota during the Drosophila larval phase, which constitutes its juvenile growth period. Drosophila larval phase is influenced by nutrition, but also by symbiotic microbes: specific association with the bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum buffers the deleterious effects of nutrient scarcity on the host’s juvenile growth, by sustaining greater growth rates and hastening maturation. L.plantarum mediate these effects by modulating the activity of the steroid hormone Ecdysone and the Insulin/Insulin-like Signaling pathway in its host. In return, L.plantarum benefits from Drosophila presence, as larvae ensure its long-term persistence in the niche (the niche being the nutritive substrate, the larvae and the bacteria dwelling on it). To characterize the mechanisms engaged in this mutualistic relationship, we described the host’s transcriptomic and metabolic responses to L.plantarum presence and characterized the metabolic perturbations occurring in the niche. Our results put forward the optimization of amino-acids extraction from the nutritive substrate as a cornerstone of mutualism. L.plantarum activates the expression of the host’s digestive proteases via IMD/NF-κB signaling and would benefit in return from an enhanced AA availability, which would help sustaining its long-term persistence. Altogether, our studies contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms regulating host/microbiota interaction and could lead to numerous therapeutic applications, notably aiming at counteracting the deleterious effects of nutritional imbalances
Sood, Prashant. "Tools to study the transition from fungal commensalism to systemic infection." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2019. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=240695.
Full textRice, Kevin Barry Eubanks Micky. "Mutualisms, commensalisms, and predation the direct and indirect effects of fire ants on arthropods and plants /." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1392.
Full textDefaye, Arnaud. "Etude des intéractions hôte-microbes chez la drosophile." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4047/document.
Full textBecause they are constantly exposed to contact with the various type of microorganisms present in their environment, multicellular organisms have evolved an immune system that allow them to sense their presence and control their growth. Close contact with these microbes naturally occurs in body parts that are exposed to the environment, like external body surfaces and internal mucosa, and at least two diffrerent kind of relations can be described. In the first case both the two parts do not harm the other, eventually allowing the relationship to go for a mutual benefit. In the second case, one part is agressive towards the other and lead it to induce a response to this stressful situation in order to preserve it's integrity and ultimately it's survival. From the host point of view, this response involves the immune system and most frequently aims at the eradication of the microbes. Using the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster as a model for the host side, i was interested in studying host-microbe interactions. A first project i worked on focused on drosophila circulating cells, the plasmatocytes, about which we knew some activities (secretion of cytokines, cloting factors, phagocytosis) but whose functional relevance to resist infection has never been tested. By generating plasmatocytes-depleted flies, I show that these cells are required for the survival of the adult upon some type of systemic bacterial infections, including Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium, but not all
Barrett, Lauren Michelle. "Commensalism in yeast bacteria interactions: a study of the relationship between Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Oenococcus oeni." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17933.
Full textThis research work addresses the under explored interaction between malolactic bacteria and non-Saccharomyces yeast, specifically commercial strains of Metschnikowia Pulcherrima and Oenococcus oeni. Chemically defined media and two chardonnay juices were used to evaluate sequential and co-inoculated malolactic fermentation strategies, investigating the effect of M. Pulcherrima on O. oeni viability and malolactic fermentation kinetics. L-malic acid consumption, and bacteria viability were tracked during fermentation, along with sampling for organic acid analysis. Our findings showed the addition of M. pulcherrima significantly influenced malolactic fermentation kinetics and increased O. oeni bacteria viability in chemically defined media, and select Chardonnay treatments. Further work is investigating the source of commensalism between M. pulcherrima and O. oeni. Exploring alternative strain pairs and understanding non- Saccharomyces and bacteria interactions will help increase winemakers control when implementing co-inoculation strategies for malolactic fermentation. This has a promising application in the industrial production of sparkling base wine, increasing malolactic fermentation efficiency and closing the gap for potential spoilage associated with conducting malolactic after alcoholic fermentation
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Hulme-Beaman, Ardern. "Exploring the human-mediated dispersal of commensal small mammals using dental morphology : Rattus exulans and Rattus rattus." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=215116.
Full textHulme-Beaman, Ardern. "Exploring the human-mediated dispersal of commensal small mammals using dental morphology : rattus exulans and rattus rattus." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MNHN0031.
Full textThe distribution of the black rat (Rattus rattus) and the Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) are the direct result of human migration. Their wide distributions across can give us key insights into human movements across the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Using geometric morphometric approaches to trace the distributions of different phenotypes we were able to analyse both modern and archaeological specimens. The results from R. Exulans were very clear, demonstrating the complexity of movement into the Pacific and reflecting the pulse pause nature of this colonisation, as observed from other lines of evidence. The results of R. Rattus are less clear, and is likely the result of extensive and continuous introgression. The results are interpreted in light of the different behavioural traits of each species, and thereby highlighting the role of behaviour in gene-flow across a species distribution
Hockenberry, Alyson Marie, and Alyson Marie Hockenberry. "Dissection of the Type IV Pilus Retraction Motor in Neisseria Gonorrhoeae." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622992.
Full textMosher, Celeste V. "Commensalism and Reproductive Biology of the Brittle Star Ophiocreas oedipus Associated with the Octoral Metallogorgia melanotrichos on the New England Corner Rise Seamounts." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MosherCV2008.pdf.
Full textPoreau, Brice. "Biologie et complexité : histoire et modèles du commensalisme." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063917.
Full textClark, Leisa Anne. "Butterbeer, Cauldron Cakes, and Fizzing Whizzbees: Food in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4012.
Full textBrucker, Kaitlyn M. "An Endemic Commensal Leucothoid Discovered in the Tunicate Cnemidocarpa bicornuta, from New Zealand (Crustacea, Amphipoda)." NSUWorks, 2016. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/407.
Full textMerfield, Charles Norman. "Predator interactions within a trophic level : Phalangium opilio L. (Arachnida: Opiliones) and mites (Arachnida: Acari)." Master's thesis, Lincoln University. Bio-Protection and Ecology Division, 2000. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20060908.204153.
Full textO'Connell, Heather Adele. "The Role of Ecological Interactions in Polymicrobial Biofilms and their Contribution to Multiple Antibiotic Resistance." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_diss/13.
Full textGrine, Ghiles. "Méthanogènes : entre commensalisme et opportunisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0623.
Full textIn the first part of our thesis, we reviewed the literature of all the methanogenic species found in the different microbiota of humans. We also reviewed the various methods used in clinical microbiology to research and identify these microorganisms. In a second part of our thesis, we have shown that the human digestive tract is colonized by M. smithii from the first day of life thus posing the question of potential sources of acquisition of this methanogen. We detected and isolated M. smithii and M. oralis in colostrum and breast milk suggesting mother-to-child contamination by breastfeeding. For vaginal specimens, M. smithii is detected in 97% of the samples collected from patients with bacterial vaginosis. Subsequently, we reported the detection of methanogens, M. oralis and M. smithii in the salivary fluid of individuals with no oral disease. In the third part of our thesis, we have shown for the first time that methanogens are part of the urinary microbiota in which we found M. smithii with a prevalence of 9%. Finally, we have optimized the methods of research and isolation of methanogens. We have developed a chemical method for producing H2. The expertise acquired and the results obtained during this thesis, invite us to continue research work in clinical microbiology of methanogens, questioning more particularly their roles in physiology and oral pathology
Cucchi, T. "Le commensalisme de la souris et les sociétés néolithiques méditerranéennes." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363186.
Full textLa quantification de la variabilité actuelle des morphologies dentaires (analyses de Fourier) du genre Mus en Méditerranée a montré qu'il est possible de discriminer les espèces et sous-espèces du genre à partir du matériel fossile et qu'elle pouvait être un marqueur des flux géniques.
L'application archéozoologique nous a permis d'identifier l'émergence des pratiques de l'économie agricole néolithique (stockage des grains, champs cultivés...) au Proche-Orient comme le facteur déterminant dans l'adaptation de la souris à la niche commensale.
Enfin, nous avons montré que la souris domestique colonisa la Méditerranée occidentale lors de l'intensification conjointe des échanges et de l'urbanisation du premier millénaire av. J.-C., lui permettant de surmonter les barrières écologiques et génétiques qui, auparavant, empêchaient son invasion.
Cucchi, Thomas. "Le commensalisme de la souris et les sociétés néolithiques méditerranéennes." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363186.
Full textWe aimed to determine the factors of the anthropisation involved in the mouse commensalism, using both phylogeographical and historical approaches. The quantification of the variability in the molar shape (Fourier analyses) of Mediterranean mice species showed that it is possible to separate species and sub-species of the genus using dental morphology and that this variability might be a marker of genes flow. Zooarchaeological analyses allowed us to identify the emergence of Neolithic farming practices (seeds storage, cultivated fields. . . ) in the Near East as the determining factor for the adaptation of the mouse to the commensal niche. Finally, we showed that the house mouse colonized the western Mediterranean during the intensification of both exchanges and urbanization in the first millennium BC, allowing it to overcome the ecological and genetic barriers which, previously, prevented its invasion
Ganem, Guila. "Commensalisme, fonction corticosurrénalienne et évolution chromosomique chez la souris domestique." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20053.
Full textKomaromi, Haque Judit. "Synchronized Dining Tangible mediated communication for remote commensality." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21898.
Full textAbedania, Jaren. "Spatializing Commensality: The City as Public Dining Room." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397476882.
Full textLackman-Ancrenaz, Isabelle. "Le commensalisme du babouin hamadryas (papio hamadryas hamadryas) en Arabie Saoudite." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MNHN0003.
Full textSkurnik, David. "Adaptation aux variations d'environnement des souches commensales d'escherichia coli." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D024.
Full textWe studied variations of characteristics of human and animal commensal E. Coli to variations of their hosts environment. Prevalence of antibiotic resisance, of integron, of mercury resistance, phylogenetic repartition and intra-host diversity were selected; More animals were ling near humans, more their commensal E. Coli were resistant and more the prevalence of integron was high, while the intra-host diversity decreased. In human commensal E. Coli, characteristics of isolates from expatriates living in French Guyana, were found intermediate between those found in isolates from residents in metropolitan france and those found in natives living permanently in french guyana, probably the result from their living in an environment close to that of the native Guyaneses but with a way of life close to that of residents living in metropolitan france. In conclusion our results suggest that the environment strongly influence the composition of the commensal intestinal flora of humans and animals
Benarfa, Olfa. "Minorité dominante et construction identitaire : L’interaction des modes de consommation locaux, étrangers et globaux. Le cas de la commensalité au Qatar." Thesis, CY Cergy Paris Université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CYUN1054.
Full textDrawing on multicultural and identity theories and based on a critique of studies on ethnic minorities that are exclusively conducted in Western contexts and do not allow for a theoretical consensus, this thesis is an initial attempt to investigate identity projects in a non-Western context, which is the state of Qatar. The current research offers an original and unique perspective on studying minorities by focusing on the local dominant minority group rather than the opposite classic situation where minorities are mainly immigrants who are dominated by a local majority group. Given the collectivistic nature of this context and the centrality of identity in food consumption, this research uses a very unique and an under-researched area of consumption, which is commensality, as a framework to study the symbolic meaning of this dimension and its impact on consumers’ identity negotiation and intentions.The current study uses several qualitative and ethnographic methods (e.g. semi-structured in-depth interviews, focus groups, netnography, photo elicitation, observation, projective techniques, etc.), as well as a new qualitative method borrowed from the psychoanalysis discipline. This technique comes as a response to postcolonial scholars’ calls for rethinking the use of Western ethnographic methods for non-Western communities. The implementation process and the advantages and limitations of this new technique are also discussed.Analyses follow the logic of phenomenology and hermeneutic approaches, and findings show that commensality as a cultural and symbolic practice led to the development and expression of different new identity projects that were not found in previous studies on minorities, and which depend on the contextual, historical and cultural forces. Results also reveal that consumers are continuously negotiating conflicting and competing trajectories of identities with the aim of reducing internal dissonance. Another interesting result emerges and expends Oswald’s idea of identity oscillation and Asckegaard et al.’s metaphor of the oscillating pendulum: it is a dynamic that the author named “the accordion movement”, where individuals not only oscillate between different identity projects, but they scatter and spread out in different directions where each has his/her own personal identity intentions, however they all meet at a common ground in favour of the group identity while putting on hold their personal identities. This elastic movement is akin to the accordion instrument expanding and contracting, and could explain how the Qatari society still manage to remain united despite their minority status, and how Qataris embrace and adopt new cultural codes without harming their cultural cohesion
Brault, Dominique. "Recherche d'un algicide sélectif approprié à la culture de Chondrus crispus (L. ) Stackh." Brest, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BRES0013.
Full textKaci, Ghalia. "Caractérisation des propriétés anti-inflammatoires de souches commensales de Streptococcus salivarius." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069898.
Full textau, M. Marshall@murdoch edu, and Mary Jeanette Marshall. "Jesus and the banquets : an investigation of the early Christian tradition concerning Jesus' presence at banquets with toll collectors and sinners." Murdoch University, 2002. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051110.163641.
Full textAuffray, Jean-Christophe. "Le commensalisme chez la souris domestique : origine, écologie et rôle dans l'évolution chromosomique de l'espèce." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20027.
Full textAuffray, Jean-Christophe. "Le Commensalisme chez la souris domestique origine, écologie et rôle dans l'évolution chromosomique de l'espèce /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376113537.
Full textRosenblum, Jordan D. ""They sit apart at meals" : early rabbinic commensality regulations and identity construction." View abstract/electronic edition; access limited to Brown University users, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3318358.
Full textAkatshi, Ohamamboya Annie. "Dialogue entre les bactéries commensales et les cellules gingivales : une vision globale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29715/29715.pdf.
Full textDenou, Emmanuel. "Caractérisation préliminaire du commensalisme de Lactobacillus johnsonii dans l’intestin de la souris : du phénotype au génotype." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2088.
Full textThe microbiota complexity in mammal gut seriously hampers the analysis of microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions in situ. Microbes compete for colonization sites on the gut surface and for the use of food resources. At the same time, they cooperate in the digestion of complex food substrates, where the waste of one bacterium becomes the food of another bacterium. Currently, the relative contribution of competition and cooperation at the microbe/microbe interface is not well understood. The aim of this work was to explore the interaction of three common gut commensals, namely Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which were jointly introduced into axenic mice. After determination of their anatomical distribution, the system was disturbed by the introduction of three other strains of Escherichia, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. To obtain an idea about their physiological activity, we performed expression profiling analysis of B. Longum and Lb. Johnsonii along the different gut segments, and the results of this analys supported the nutrient niche theory. Moreover, an important task is to associate the in vivo phenotype, displayed by a bacterium in its ecological niche, with its genotype. Thus, genes affecting the intestinal residence time between two Lb. Johnsonii strains were targeted for analysis. We hypothesized that the underlying genes are specific for the long-persisting strain and are expressed during gut passage of the bacterium. Fusion of datasets from comparative genomic and in vivo expression profiling analysis identified three gene loci that were expressed in vivo and specific to the gut ecotype. Knock-out mutants were constructed for all three loci to investigate their involvement in the gut residence phenotype. The experiments revealed that the deletion of genes annotated as a sugar transporter and an IgA protease decreased the residence time, while a mutant with a deleted exopolysaccharide cluster showed an increased persistence time
Ong, Kevin. "Cooking and Eating: An Exploration of Auditory Cues of Food Preparation During Commensality." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21361.
Full textDorey, Lucy Diane. "Resistance of pig pathogens and commensals to antimicrobial drugs : mechanisms and avoidance." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701671.
Full textDesai, Prerak T. "Molecular Interactions of Salmonella with the Host Epithelium in Presence of Commensals." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1059.
Full textEscribano, Vazquez Unai. "Impact de souches commensales et probiotiques d'Escherichia coli sur la physiopathologie de l'hôte." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS348.
Full textEscherichia coli's main habitat is the digestive tract of mammals, and is one of the subdominant species of the adult intestinal microbiota. E. coli has a wide spectrum of interactions with the host, whether pathogenic, commensal or probiotic. Under unbalanced conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases or high fat diet, commensal populations of E. coli increase and can be considered pathobionts (commensal microorganisms with a pathogenic potential). However, the role of commensal strains of E. coli in host’s health remains ambiguous. In the first part of this project, to decipher the role of commensal or probiotic E. coli strains in the intestinal mucosa, we worked in a model of gnotobiotic mice mono-associated with each of these strains: CEC15, a commensal E. coli strain isolated in the laboratory; Nissle 1917, an E. coli probiotic strain whose effects are among the most documented and 6 genotypes of E. coli present in the probiotic mixture Symbioflor2®. Then, the effect of CEC15 and Nissle 1917 strains was tested in a situation where the host presents a predisposition to inflammation by working in gnotobiotic mice invalidated for IL10 (Il10-/-). Finally, we tested the effect of these two strains, in a conventional context, in a mouse model of chronic inflammation invalidated for IL10 and treated with a chemical agent, DNBS. Data from mono-associated models show that there is a dynamic transcriptional response of the ileum and colon to each studied E. coli strain. There is a common set of genes that respond to E. coli strains studied in this work. Thus, the expression of genes with a key role in intestinal homeostasis is higher in mono-associated mice than in germfree mice. These genes are involved in the renewal of reactive oxygen species, in the production of antimicrobial peptides and molecules associated with the immune response. In the presence of CEC and Nissle, these host defence mechanisms were further mobilized and strengthened in the ileum and colon of mono-associated IL10-/- mice. In the chronic colitis model, CEC reversed some of the deleterious effects of DNBS and restored a gene expression profile similar to that of the healthy control group. In a second part, we determined the impact of a high fat diet on the interactions between E. coli and the host. Mono-colonized mice by CEC or Nissle strains were fed a standard or high-fat diet and caecal, plasma and urinary metabolomes were analysed by nuclear magnetic resonance. On a standard diet, the host's metabolomic profile is modified at the caecal content and urine in the presence of CEC and Nissle strains. On a high fat diet, the host's metabolomic profile is also modified at the caecal content and urine in the presence of CEC and Nissle strains, and additionally the plasma metabolome is modified. This data suggests that the plasma metabolome is more sensitive to the bacterial status of animals when consuming a high fat diet. In this study, we identified that with a high fat diet, the Nissle strain but not the CEC strain increases circulating and urinary branched-chain amino acids (isoleucine, leucine and valine). This increase in branched-chain amino acids is also accompanied by a higher glucose concentration in animals mono-associated with the Nissle strain. In conclusion, our work shows beneficial effects of E. coli commensal and probiotic strains in intestinal mucosal defence mechanisms and in a chronic colitis inflammation model. We also show that these strains differentially modulate the metabolic trajectory of the host, which can have consequences on the impact of a high-fat diet
Merda, Déborah. "Histoire évolutive de Xanthomonas arboricola, espèce bactérienne composée de souches pathogènes et commensales." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0028/document.
Full textDeciphering the evolutionary history of bacterial populations associated to plants is necessary to understand diseaseemergence in agroecosystems. The aim of this study is to unveil the evolutionary events responsible for pathogeniclineages or pathovar emergences in Xanthomonas arboricola. This species is composed of both plant pathogenic andcommensal strains Population genetics analyses and gain and loss inferences of virulence factors showed that X. arboricola exhibits an epidemic population structure, within which epidemic clones emerged from a recombinogenic background population following virulence factor acquisition. Population genomics and inference of divergence scenarii between epidemic clones and the network of recombinant strains showed persistence of homologous recombination along divergence of these two groups, with an asymmetric gene flux from pathogenic strains to commensal ones. Finally, evolutionary history of the type three secretion system (T3SS), the main virulence factor in Xanthomonas genus, was studied at genus scale and showed that T3SS was ancestrally acquired and lost in commensal strains. Altogether these analyses allowed us to show that the common ancestor of X.arboricola had virulence factors, and that within commensal strains, some lost these virulence factors whereas others kept the ancestral repertoire. These latter strains have a similar repertoire to that of some pathogenic strains, and could represent a risk for new disease emergence. Functional genomics could allow us to validate these hypotheses
Olschewski, Luisa Elvira Belaunde. "Gender, commensality and community among the Airo-Pai of west Amazonia (Secoya western-Tukanoan speaking)." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390445.
Full textKennedy, Jason R. "Terminal Ubaid ceramics at Yenice Yani implications for terminal Ubaid organization of labor and commensality /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
Find full textBelaunde, Olschewski Luisa Elvira. "Gender, commensality and community among the Airo-Pai of West Amazonia (Secoya, Western-Tukanoan speaking)." Online version, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.390445.
Full textPeyret-Lacombe, Alexis. "Etude de l'immuno-réactivité épithéliale gingivale en réponse à deux bactéries commensales : implication du TLR2." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/112/.
Full textGingival epithelium, exposed to oral microflora, protects underlying tissues in maintaining periodontal homeostasis. To do this, keratinocytes possess Pattern Recognition-Receptors (PRRs) that are able to recognize specifically various bacterial patterns. Communicated cellular informations induce innate immune response, in particular antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) production and inflammation mediators. Our results show that gingival keratinocytes are able to recognize and discriminate true commensal bacteria (S. Sanguinis) or opportunistic bacteria (F. Nucleatum) through a PRR, the Toll-like Receptor 2 in modulating AMP expression, the human ß-defensins 2 and 3 and this of inflammation mediators. This keratinocyte differential activation allow them to provide an adapted response and to maintain periodontal homeostasis
Eager, Heidi M. "Using commensals as proxies for historical inference in the Indian Ocean : genetic and zooarchaeological perspectives." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e6be79c9-3fb8-4a7f-b117-0c607b64c95a.
Full textManara, Serena. "Strain-level (meta)genomic profiling of bacteria from hospital pathogens to non-human primate commensals." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/243715.
Full textManara, Serena. "Strain-level (meta)genomic profiling of bacteria from hospital pathogens to non-human primate commensals." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/243715.
Full textCarlotti, Arnaud. "Interaction "Candida kefir LY496 - levures autochtones" au cours de la production de biomasse de levure à partir de lactosérums bruts : sélection et optimisation d'une culture mixte." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10175.
Full textAndersson, Jill, and Emma Karlsson. "Värdet av den pedagogiska måltiden : En narrativ studie av pedagogers berättelser." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-40047.
Full textSmati, Mounira. "Place de la structure génétique de l'espèce Escherichia coli dans l'état de son commensalisme intestinal et dans l'expression de sa virulence." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132041/document.
Full textEscherichia coli is the most abundant aerobic bacteria of the human microbiota, and a major opportunistic pathogen in humans. It is the clonal species for wich main phylogenetic groups have been described. The aim of this thesis is to study E. coli adaptation through the genetic structure of the specis in two circumstances : the intestinal comensalism, and the extra-intestinal virulence estimated via expression of genes encoding for yersiniabactin, a major siderophore, located on a high patogenicity island (HPI). The repartition of the 4 phylogroups has been studied in faecal microbiota of 100 humans and 137 animals thanks to an original quantitative PCR assay. Three main enterocolitypes, corresponding to associations of phylogroups, have been described. In humans, B2 phylogroup strains were exclusive in 15% of individuals and were shown to be clearly distinct from animal B2 strains on the base of the presence of two virulence factors (sfa/foc and pks). The impact of the genetic background of the B2 sub-groups II, III an IX on the virulence based on HPI was studied in a mice model and in an amoeba model Dictyostelium discoideum. The HPI interacts with the clonality of the species represented by the existence of the B2 subgroups
Elkabir, Mohamed Abdulla. "Oral commensals in health and disease with special reference to candida infection in HIV-infected patients." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333952.
Full textDe, Filippi Sara <1977>. "Importanza dell'interazione tra la dieta, i microrganismi commensali e la microflora patogena, nel suino in svezzamento." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1089/1/Tesi_De_Filippi_Sara.pdf.
Full textDe, Filippi Sara <1977>. "Importanza dell'interazione tra la dieta, i microrganismi commensali e la microflora patogena, nel suino in svezzamento." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1089/.
Full textNepelska, Małgorzata. "Deciphering the molecular language of our intestine : Commensals bacteria and their crosstalk with chosen transcription factors." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066620.
Full textWe aimed at deciphering the molecular mechanisms of the dialogue between the intestinal microbiota and host. This interaction has been shown to have beneficial impact on the host and his health. Thus, we studied the modulation of major immune (NFkB and AP-1) and metabolic (AhR, PPARγ) regulators in the intestinal epithelium by the microbiota using cell-based reporter assays. The study is composed of two parts, one where we studied the cultivable commensal bacteria and the latter where we targeted the total, yet, uncultivable fraction derived from metagenomic libraries. We tested the commensal bacterial conditioned media (CMs) for their effect on AP-1 and PPARγ pathway. Using our approach, we identified 2 putative mechanisms of actions of bacterial metabolites, one linked to SCFA producing bacteria, and the other, as yet unknown metabolite. Moreover the crosstalk between the AhR receptor and clinical isolate derived from patients was studied. In the last part, we present the identification of a bioactive clone originating from the metagenomic libraries, derived from a Gram+ bacteria and presents potential therapeutic interest. This research help us to elucidate the role of the host-gut microbiota cross-talk in the development and maintenance of a healthy gut and identify further mechanisms underlying the dialogue between the intestinal microbiota and their host