Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Combustion hydrogène'
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Guiberteau, Clément. "Οxycοmbustiοn de l'hydrοgène et de mélanges hydrοgène-méthane : étude des caractéristiques de flamme." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR04.
Full textThe decarbonation of high-temperature industrial combustion processes (to produce iron, glass, cement . . .) is considered using alternative fuels. Among them, hydrogen is considered. Compared to methane, hydrogen has a lower density and lower energy density for an equivalent volume. Its combustion is characterized by an increase of laminar flame speed, water vapor content in flue gases and flame temperature, this latter one more significant in air combustion than in oxycombustion. A progressive replacement of methane by hydrogen induces significant changes in flame structure and combustion features that need to be explored. The objective of this work is to study these effects by an experimental approach on acoaxial diffusion oxyflame, characterizing the consequences of increase of the hydrogen proportion in the (CH₄ − H₂) fuel blend up to pure hydrogen. This is done in a lab-scale facility reproducing industrial furnace operating conditions and allowing in-flame measurements thanks to modular optical accesses.The study characterize spontaneaous emissions from hydrogen oxyflame and particularly its orange candoluminescents properties. Reaction zones structure and flame length are studied with OH∗ and CH∗chemiluminesences. Interactions between flame and flow are studied with synchronized planar laser induced fluorescence and particles images velocimetry. Finally, consequences of hydrogen proportion increase on thermal transfer and nitrogen oxydes are mesured. These experimental results are sustained by monodimensionnal numerical thermokinetical and radiative transfer calculations. The applied methodology used in this work having experimental results, together with numerical calculations allowed to understand the significant modifications of flame characteristics when transitioning gaseous fuel from methane to hydrogen with pure oxygen oxidizers
Laribe-Mourey, Sylvie. "La chaudière chimique à hydrogène : conception et mise en œuvre." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD408.
Full textFarjon, Philippe. "Développement et mise en œuvre de méthodes d’optimisation sur des chambres de combustion aéronautiques fonctionnant à l’hydrogène." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESAE0052.
Full textThe need to decrease the climate impact of aviation motivates aircraft manufacturers to find new technologies to decarbonize aviation. One of the possible solution concerning aircraft propulsion is to replace the use of kerosene by hydrogen. The combustion of hydrogen does not emit CO2 but it involves in-depth modifications of the injectors of the combustion chamber. Historically, injector design are based on a trial and error method. This approach was successful for legacy kerosene injectors but is fundamentally limited because it is both costly and tedious to explore all the given parameter space by hand. Nowadays, with the advances in computing science, CFD simulations can be considered massively in the combustor design process combined with the use of optimization techniques. In this thesis, we propose a new design method for the design of H2-air injectors. Firstly, it is necessary to begin with three preliminary steps. Starting from a baseline version of the MICADO injector that we want to improve, several CFD methodologies are compared to reference simulations in order to find the best trade-off accuracy/restitution time. This comparison leads us to retain a high fidelity approach based on LES simulations and a low fidelity approach based on RANS simulations. An automatic CFD workflow is developped simultaneously to ease the optimization studies. Then, the last preliminary step is to check the applicability of a multi-fidelity strategy, knowing that such a strategy can reduce the total cost of the optimization study. After these preliminary steps, several optimization studies of two and four dimensions are performed in order to determine the most efficient algorithm at a fixed budget between different Bayesian optimization methods. This comparison between the different studies shows the capabilities and the limits of the selected algorithms to identify promising injectors
Ayoub, Mechline. "Etude de l’extension du régime de combustion sans flamme aux mélanges Méthane/Hydrogène et aux environnements à basse température." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAM0010/document.
Full textMild flameless combustion is a massively diluted combustion regime associating high energy efficiency and very low pollutant emissions from industrial furnaces. The fuel composition and walls temperature are two very influential parameters of this combustion regime. In previous works realized at CORIA, flameless combustion of methane - hydrogen mixtures at 18% of excess air has shown very promising results. In another hand, high walls temperature is an essential element for flameless combustion stabilization. Within the framework of the project CANOE in collaboration with GDF SUEZ and ADEME, the objective of this PhD thesis is to complete the study of flameless combustion for methane-hydrogen mixtures in operating conditions similar to classical operating conditions of burners (10% of excess air), and in another hand, to study the stability limits of this combustion regime in low temperature environment like in industrial boiler.Experiments realized on the CORIA high temperature pilot facility, have proved that hydrogen addition in the fuel keep flameless combustion regime stable for all methane - hydrogen proportions, with very ultra-low pollutant emissions. An increase of excess air is however necessary for some operating conditions.Experiments realized with wall temperature progressive decrease allowed to study the influence of this parameter on flameless combustion, and to reach its stability limits. Similar results are obtained on the semi-industrial facility of GDF SUEZ. With hydrogen addition, flameless combustion is less sensitive to wall temperature decrease. An analytical representation of confined turbulent jets has been then developed to represent interaction between the reactant jets and their environment in the combustion chamber allowing reaching fameless combustion regime by entrainment, dilution and preheating. The effect of each parameter on the development of the jets can be then studied, which can be used as convenient tool of flameless combustion burners design. The heat quantity necessary for the low wall temperature stabilization has been quantified. On this base, a burner adapted to the configurations with cold walls has been designed. The applicability of the flameless combustion with this burner has been studied in a combustion chamber with low wall temperature specially designed for this purpose during this thesis. A mild diluted combustion regime has been achieved, but the high levels of unburnt gases have to be reduced
Malet, Fabrice. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de la propagation de flammes prémélangées turbulentes dans une atmosphère pauvre en hydrogène et humide." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2050.
Full textEl, Ahmar Elise. "Combustion assistée par hydrogène et radicaux générés par plasmas non thermiques." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2030.
Full textGirault, Ivan. "Développements formels et numériques vers la simulation numérique directe avec particules résolues de la combustion d'hydrogène en lit fluidisé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP083.
Full textThis thesis work was carried out as part of the ANR MIMOSAH project, which aims to characterize the combustion of hydrogen in a fluidized bed, in the presence of partially inert particles, taking into account surface reactions. The objective is to model combustion in a particulate environment from micro to macro scale, using a dual numerical and experimental approach. This thesis focuses on the numerical approach at the microscopic scale, particularly the development of a numerical strategy for the direct numerical simulation of hydrogen combustion in the presence of fully resolved particles. The starting point of this work is the RESPECT code, based on the resolution of a single-fluid formulation on Cartesian grids, coupled with a viscous penalization method to handle fluid-solid interaction. Initially, the code had only been validated in an incompressible and anisothermal context, without including models for gaseous combustion phenomena and surface chemistry. This work presents a series of formal and numerical developments aimed at integrating the description of these phenomena into the RESPECT code
Cruz, Garcia Marta de la. "Contrôle actif de la combustion appliqué à la cogénération." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECAP0975.
Full textHydrogen utilization in hydrocarbon flames can be a possible solution to reduce pollutant emissions and to control combustion instabilities. The present research is concerned with some of the issues raised by hydrogen injection and with the possibilities of the technique. A multi-fuel cylindrical burner has been designed and submitted to systematic investigations. The configuration is that of a premixed propane-air annular flame interacting with a central hydrogen jet. The jet permits a multidirectional injection of hydrogen. The hydrogen stream may be introduced in the axial direction, it may be given a finite level of swirl or it may be injected axially and swirled simultaneously. The premixed propane-air flame features two types of combustion instabilities depending on the air flow rate : for low air flow rates one observes a thermo-acoustic instability identified with the quarter wave mode of the combustion chamber. At high air flow rates the instability features a broadband spectral content and combustion appears to amplify the natural level of fluctuations occurring in the reactant jet. The effect of central hydrogen injection depends on the type of combustion instability of the burner. The quarter wave resonance of the combustion chamber instability appearing for low air flow rates can be controlled by a central hydrogen jet with swirl. On the other hand, at high air flow rates, the instability is enhanced by hydrogen injection and can even reach large amplitudes if the jet is swirled. As a result, for low air flow rates the swirl hydrogen injection is strong enough to lift the propane-air flame stabilized on the central injector
Hok, Jean-Jacques. "Stratégie de modélisation pour la simulation aux grandes échelles d'explosions de mélanges hydrogène-air pauvres." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP065.
Full textThe climate crisis the world faces today calls for immediate actions to curb down carbon emissions. In particular, a rapid energy transition towards cleaner sources is necessary. Among many candidates, hydrogen stands out as a carbon-free energy vector. However, its storage and transport in big quantities raise safety concerns. Following a leakage, mixed with the surrounding air, this hydrogen can form a highly flammable mixture. In case of accidental ignition of this mixture, different combustion scenarios and regimes are possible, depending on factors such as geometry (dimensions, confinement, presence of obstacles), mixture composition, temperature, pressure or turbulence level. These regimes range from slow deflagration to the transition to detonation in the worst case. To predict the damage induced by an explosion, Computational Fluid Dynamics has the advantage of being safer than experiments and gives access to quantities hard or impossible to measure empirically. This thesis deals with the prediction of lean hydrogen-air explosions using Large-Eddy Simulation (LES). Lean H2-air mixtures are known for their distinctive sub-unity Lewis number, which characterises an unbalance between molecular and heat diffusion processes with major consequences: (1) lean H2-air flames are strongly sensitive to stretch; (2) they are prone to develop flame front cells due to the thermo-diffusive instability. Both constitute accelerating mechanisms which impact the overpressure generated during the explosion. In this work, we show that the Thickened Flame (TF) approach to simulate sub-unity Lewis number flames: (1) induces an amplification of stretch on the flame; (2) combined with the low grid resolution in LES, filters out flame front instabilities. The coupling of these undesired mechanisms can generate an erroneous flame propagation which questions the predictability of LES for lean H2-air explosions. In this thesis, a modelling strategy is proposed to reliably and accurately predict lean hydrogen-air explosions. A new paradigm is considered to separately correct the amplification of stretch effects and model subgrid phenomena due to the thermo-diffusive instability. These two corrections are first developed on canonical configurations and then extended and validated on more realistic explosion configurations
Robinson, Alexander. "Development and testing of hydrogen fuelled combustion chambers for the possible use in an ultra micro gas turbine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209706.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents the scientific evaluation and development history of different combustion chamber designs based upon the “PowerMEMS” design parameters. With hydrogen as chosen fuel, the non-premixed diffusive “micromix” concept was selected as combustion principle. Originally designed for full scale gas turbine applications in two different variants, consequently the microcombustor development had to start with the downscaling of these two principles towards ì-scale. Both principles have the advantage to be inherently safe against flashback, due to the non-premixed concept, which is an important issue even in this small scale application when burning hydrogen. By means of water analogy and CFD simulations the hydrogen injection system and the chamber geometry could be validated and optimized. Besides the specific design topics that emerged during the downscaling process of the chosen combustion concepts, the general difficulties of microcombustor design like e.g. high power density, low Reynolds numbers, short residence time, and manufacturing restrictions had to be tackled as well.
As full scale experimental test campaigns are still mandatory in the field of combustion research, extensive experimental testing of the different prototypes was performed. All test campaigns were conducted with a newly designed test rig in a combustion lab modified for microcombustion investigations, allowing testing of miniaturized combustors according to full engine requirements with regard to mass flow, inlet temperature, and chamber pressure. The main results regarding efficiency, equivalence ratio, and combustion temperature were obtained by evaluating the measured exhaust gas composition. Together with the performed ignition and extinction trials, the evaluation and analysis of the obtained test results leads to a full characterization of each tested prototype and delivered vital information about the possible operating regime in a later UMGT application. In addition to the stability and efficiency characteristics, another critical parameter in combustor research, the NOx emissions, was investigated and analyzed for the different combustor prototypes.
As an advancement of the initial downscaled micromix prototypes, the following microcombustor prototype was not only a combustion demonstrator any more, but already aimed for easy module integration into the real UMGT. With a further optimized combustion efficiency, it also featured an innovative recuperative cooling of the chamber walls and thus allowing an cost effective all stainless steel design.
Finally, a statement about the pros and cons of the different micromix combustion concepts and their correspondent combustor designs towards a possible ì-scale application could be given.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bruet, Xavier. "Mécanismes de relaxation collisionnelle dans l'hydrogène et l'azote en mélange gazeux : application à la thermométrie optique dans les moteurs cryogéniques et les moteurs a combustion interne." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA2049.
Full textSabard, Jérémy. "Etude de l'explosion de mélanges diphasiques : hydrogène et poussières." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2022.
Full textThe context of the study is the safety of the ITER installation. Indeed, studies have shown that it exists a risk for two-phase mixtures of hydrogen and dust can explode and create a safety risk for the ITER installation. This aims to obtain the fundamental data which characterize the explosion of these mixtures and to evaluate the pressure loads they can generate. To do so, experiments in spherical bomb have been carried out for hydrogen - oxygen - nitrogen mixtures at two initial temperatures (303 and 343 K) and pressures (50 and 100 kPa) for different hydrogen concentrations and different N2/O2 ratios. Explosion parameters like maximum combustion pressures (PMAX), deflagration indexes (KG or KST), combustion times (tC), fundamental flame speeds (SL°) and Markstein lengths have been determined. A kinetic modelling of the flame speed, using the COSILAB software was performed based on three detailed kinetic models available in the literature and allowed the calculation of the global activation energy on the basis of the kinetic model which showed the best agreement with the experimental data. Moreover equilibrium calculations were achieved to compare PMAX to the theoretical values. For two-phase mixtures, a new introduction device was tested and set up and experiments characterizing the explosions parameters of the two-phase mixtures have been performed in the spherical bomb. They were able to stress out the fact that, under some circumstances, dust explosion can be concomitant to a hydrogen explosion
Bénard, Pierre. "Analyse et amélioration d'une chambre de combustion centimétrique par simulations aux grandes échelles." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0018/document.
Full textDesigning a meso-scale combustion system remains a challenging scientific and technological issue. Increasing the surface-to-volume ratio promotes wall heat losses, reduces the residence time and turbulence intensity. The main objective of this thesis is to understand the physical phenomena involved in the centimetre-sized asymmetric whirl cubic burner of 8 x 10 x 8 mm3 (millimètre cube) and develop specific adapted numerical tools. The methane/air reactive flow is studied using detailed LES. While fuel and air are injected separately, combustion takes place in the premixed regime. However combustion is far from being complete, causing low combustion efficiency and significant emissions of pollutants. The second objective is to adapt in the best possible way the performances of this burner. Hydrogen enrichment of the fuel mixture showed significant efficiency enhancement and reduced pollutant emissions. Several other combustor geometries are also studied, paving the way for future improvement
Faix-Gantier, Aurélie. "Phénoménologie et calculs numériques de la propagation d'une flamme prémélangée hydrogène-air pauvre dans un milieu turbulent." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2327.
Full textThis thesis concerns the study of flame propagation in a turbulent flow of lean hydrogen-air mixtures. The aim is to precise the characteristics of propagation as well as combustion and turbulence models able to take into account the pecularities of these mixtures. This research work is related to the prevention of firehazards associated with accidental release of hydrogen within the reactor of a nuclear power plant. In a first part, the scales (the flame velocity and thickness) associated with the laminar flame propagation in hydrogen-air mixtures are studied. A specific attention is devoted to the intrinsic instability properties of such flames. Then, the turbulence scales potentially present within a reactor are estimated in order to allow for the determination of the regimes of combustion that might be present within the reactor and among which the flamelet regime appears to be conceivable. In a second part, starting with the analysis of the propagation properties of a mean reaction zone calculated with a flamelet model, we show that, with an adequate tuning of the parameter appearing in the mean reaction rate expression, it is possible to predict numerically the turbulent flame speeds available with the litterature
Rottier, Christiane. "Etude expérimentale de l'influence des mélanges gazeux sur la combustion sans flamme." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557903.
Full textVerreault, Jimmy. "Design of a Shock-Induced Combustion Experiment in an Axisymmetric Configuration with Hydrogen Injection." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24967/24967.pdf.
Full textRocha, Pimentel Carlos Alberto. "Etude numérique de la transition entre une onde de choc oblique stabilisée par un dièdre et une onde de détonation oblique." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2292.
Full textGauthier, Ségolène. "Contribution à l'étude de la combustion de mélanges gaz naturel-hydrogène en milieu poreux catalytique." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAL0050.
Full textIn the present context of environmental problems and the limited disponibility of fossils ressources, we need to develop burners with high efficiency and low pollutants emissions, and to use non-fossils ressources. This study deals with the combustion of natural gas/hydrogen mixtures in catalytic porous media. Indeed, porous radiant burners can show high efficiency and low pollutants emissions. Their behavior is however complex and can be highly affected by the use of hydrogen. The objective of this thesis is to study the behavior of a porous radiant burner made of a foam, catalysed or not, and to understand the physical phenomenas. Then, the influence of the structure and the nature of the porous media is studied in order to optimise the burner. Experimental tests on four different foams and for mixtures containing 100% vol. Of natural gas to 100% vol. Of hydrogen have been made. The working zones for each support have been identified. The use of hydrogen reduces the working zone of the burner. A numerical model has been developped. It can reproduce the experimental working diagrams and reproduces the evolution of the pollutants emissions with the equivalence ratio, the specific power and the quantity of hydrogen. The phenomenas in the burner are highly coupled. They affect the position of the combustion zone and then the efficiency of the burner. The decrease of the thermal conductivity, the heat transfer between the gas phase and the solid phase and the absorption coefficient induce a decrease of the pollutants emissions as well as an increase of the radiative flux. Their change is however limited by a decrease of the ability of the burner to prevent a flashback
Ferrières, Solène de. "Combustion de mélanges gaz naturel/hydrogène dans des flammes laminaires prémélangées : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10109/document.
Full textThis study aims to promote the combustion of natural gas/hydrogen mixtures, an alternative fuel promising to reduce pollutants emission. The goal is to obtain detailed kinetic data (temperature, chemical species concentrations) on the combustion of natural gas/hydrogen blends in flames. The influence of hydrogen proportion, equivalence ratio and pressure on the natural gas combustion kinetics has been investigated. Eighteen laminar premixed CH4/C2H6/C3H8/H2/O2/N2 flames operating at low pressure (0.079 atm) and at atmospheric pressure have been studied. Evolution profiles of molecular species are obtained after microprobe sampling and analysis by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry coupled with infrared spectroscopy. Temperature profiles are measured with a coated thermocouple. This experimental database is used to develop a chemical mechanism GDF-Kin® which includes 192 species involved in 1287 reactions, most of them being reversible. The mechanism predicts with a good accuracy mole fraction profiles of hydrocarbons species analysed, the effect of hydrogen on the kinetic of gas natural oxidation as well as a large number of global and detailed data from literature (ignition delays, flame burning velocity ... ). The effect of hydrogen depends strongly on its initial concentration and on equivalence ratio but not much on pressure. Hydrogen affects main reaction paths of natura! gas oxidation, particularly abstraction reaction by hydrogen atoms
Ferrières, Solène de. "Combustion de mélanges gaz naturel/hydrogène dans des flammes laminaires prémélangées : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10109.
Full textThis study aims to promote the combustion of natural gas/hydrogen mixtures, an alternative fuel promising to reduce pollutants emission. The goal is to obtain detailed kinetic data (temperature, chemical species concentrations) on the combustion of natural gas/hydrogen blends in flames. The influence of hydrogen proportion, equivalence ratio and pressure on the natural gas combustion kinetics has been investigated. Eighteen laminar premixed CH4/C2H6/C3H8/H2/O2/N2 flames operating at low pressure (0.079 atm) and at atmospheric pressure have been studied. Evolution profiles of molecular species are obtained after microprobe sampling and analysis by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry coupled with infrared spectroscopy. Temperature profiles are measured with a coated thermocouple. This experimental database is used to develop a chemical mechanism GDF-Kin® which includes 192 species involved in 1287 reactions, most of them being reversible. The mechanism predicts with a good accuracy mole fraction profiles of hydrocarbons species analysed, the effect of hydrogen on the kinetic of gas natural oxidation as well as a large number of global and detailed data from literature (ignition delays, flame burning velocity ... ). The effect of hydrogen depends strongly on its initial concentration and on equivalence ratio but not much on pressure. Hydrogen affects main reaction paths of natura! gas oxidation, particularly abstraction reaction by hydrogen atoms
Borner, Sebastian. "Optimization and testing of a low NOx hydrogen fuelled gas turbine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209471.
Full textThe micromix combustion principle was invented at Aachen University of Applied Sciences and achieves a significant reduction of the NOx-emissions by the application of multi miniaturized diffusion-type flamelets. Based on the research experiences, gained during the two European hydrogen research programs EQHHPP and Cryoplane at Aachen University of Applied Sciences, the intention of this thesis was to continue the scientific research work on low NOx hydrogen fuelled gas turbines. This included the experimental characterization of the micromix combustion principle, the design of an improved combustion chamber, based on the micromix combustion principle, for industrial gas turbine applications and the improvement of the gas turbine’s control and metering technology.
The experimental characterization of the micromix combustion principle investigated the impact of several key parameters, which influence the formation of the NOx-emissions, and allows therefore the definition of boundary conditions and design laws, in which a low NOx operation of the micromix combustion principle is practicable. In addition the ability of the micromix combustion principle to operate at elevated energy densities up to 15 MW/(m2bar) was successfully demonstrated. The improved combustion chamber design concept includes the experiences gained during the experimental characterization and covers the industrial needs regarding scalability and manufacturability.
The optimization and testing is done with an Auxiliary Power Unit GTCP 36-300. The original kerosene fuelled gas turbine was modified for the hydrogen application. Therefore several hardware and software modifications were realized. The improved gas turbine’s control and metering technology enables stable and comparable operational characteristics as in kerosene reference. An improved hydrogen metering unit, which is controlled by the industrial Versatile Engine Control Box, was successfully implemented.
The combination of the micromix combustion technology and of the optimized control and metering technology allows a stable, secure and low NOx hydrogen fuelled gas turbine operation.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bélanger, Desbiens Alexandre. "Développement d’un système d’actionnement utilisant la combustion d’une source d’énergie chimique pour la robotique mobile." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8841.
Full textMilanovic, Mirjana. "Contribution à l’étude de la réaction sodium-eau : application à la télédétection de l’hydrogène." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100078.
Full textThe common thread of this work has been the safety problems of energy installations, whether they are nuclear, such as the fast neutron channel that uses sodium as a heat transfer fluid, or for hydrogen as a storage medium for renewable energies. An experimental and modelling study undertaken with CEA Cadarache first focused on understanding the poorly understood mechanism of the sodium-water reaction based on the determination of temperature and concentration fields in the immersion of a sodium ball in a volume of water. We have shown that the reaction kinetics characterized by a fairly long latency time, which we have modeled, progresses like the vapour pressure of solid and then liquid sodium until it reaches 250°C, where disintegration occurs and then the explosion, which may be of the Coulomb type. The temperature of the effluent then peaks at 1400°C. In a second part we used the developments we had previously made in the remote sensing of hydrogen by the Raman effect. The remote detection of this odorless and colorless gas is one of the conditions for the development of hydrogen, the "fuel of the future". With the picosecond laser used, and although the Raman effect is particularly weak, we can determine the concentration of a leak and also what is original the temperature of a flame at distances up to a hundred meters
Bellenoue, Marc. "Etude expérimentale de la combustion initiée par effet catalytique d'un mélange hydrogène-air en écoulement supersonique." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2251.
Full textScarpa, Roberta. "Mécanisme d’accélération d’une flamme de prémélange hydrogène/air et effets sur les structures." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2046/document.
Full textFlame acceleration and explosion of hydrogen/air mixtures remain key issues for severe accident management in nuclear power plants. Empirical criteria were developed in the early 2000s by Dorofeev and colleagues providing effective tools to discern possible FA or DDT scenarios. The objectives of the present work are to better understand the mechanisms of acceleration for premixed H2/air flames and to provide a solid base of experimental data for the validation of the codes used for safety analyses. The experiments were performed in an obstacles-laden tube (blockage ratio between 0.3 and 0.6) with 120 mm internal diameter and about 5 m length. The effects of the initial pressure and the nitrogen dilution on lean H2 mixtures have been studied. The results show that pressure promote flame acceleration only for highly reactive mixtures. Moreover, the overpressure induced by the combustion is directly proportional to the initial pressure. Besides, flame-shock interactions and thermo-diffusive instabilities play an important role in flame acceleration. A new technique to track the flame position along the tube has been developed in order to obtain a finer representation of the flame velocity profile. The method consists in performing time-resolved IR absorption measurements by doping the mixture with an alkane. The velocity profile is then derivedby measuring the variation of the extension in depth of the unburnt gas along the tube axis. Finally, analyses on the effects of combustion generated loads on stainless steel structures were performed in order to provide preliminary results for the design of a new experimental device
Villenave, Nicolas. "Étude expérimentale des propriétés fondamentales de la combustion de l'hydrogène pour des applications de propulsion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025ORLE1001.
Full textIn order to reach carbon neutrality by 2050, the European Union is considering hydrogen as a promising energy carrier to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. While fuel cells and electric vehicles already play an important role in decarbonizing the transport sector, hydrogen is also seen as an alternative to conventional fuels for heavy-duty vehicles. Yet, a number of challenges linked to the physico-chemical properties of lean hydrogen combustion are still under investigation: abnormal combustion phenomena, production of nitrogen oxides,instabilities due to thermodiffusive effects, to state a few. This thesis contributes to the understanding of the auto-ignition process in lean hydrogen/air mixtures, as well as the propagation of laminar and turbulent premixed flames. First, measurements of hydrogen/air and hydrogen/air/nitrogen oxides ignition delay times are carried out using a rapid compression machine, to update and validate a kinetic mechanism under spark ignition engine-like conditions. Second, outwardly propagating spherical premixed laminar flames were studiedin a constant-volume combustion chamber, varying the initial temperature and steam dilution, and considering the intrinsic instabilities linked to the physico-chemical properties of hydrogen namely thermodiffusive,hydrodynamic and gravity-related instabilities. Then, expanding premixed turbulent flames are characterized by the generation of a homogeneous and isotropic turbulence zone within a spherical chamber. A parametric study is conducted by varying turbulent intensity, initial pressure and equivalence ratio. Finally, a turbulent correlation is proposed to describe the turbulent propagation of such flames, for use in numerical models
Yhuel, Emilie. "Simulation et analyse de l'interaction entre une flamme hydrogène/air et un choc incident." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR44.
Full textThe energy transition implies the development of the hydrogen sector to decarbonize energy transport and storage. However, hydrogen’s properties make it more difficult to store and transport than hydrocarbons, and its sensitivity to explosions represents a major safety challenge. To better understand and control its behavior, experiments and numerical simulations are essential, using specific methods to capture these complex phenomena. In this manuscript, the SiTCom-B code is used to simulate the interaction of a hydrogen-air flame with an incident shock (FSI), with the aim to reproduce experimental results from the ICARE laboratory. An initial 2D study in a half-channel (h/2 = 3.5 cm) has been carried out to analyze the effect of walls and diffusion models. A planar ignition with detailed chemistry is simulated, resulting in the formation of a “tulip” flame. An incident shock at Mach Ms = 1.4 or 1.9 then interacts with the flame. The phenomena observed in the literature are reproduced : instabilities appear on the flame front and at the walls, and a reactive boundary layer develops after the second FSI. Isothermal walls (300 K) and complex transport are retained for further simulations. In a second stage, a parametric study is carried out using the exact dimensions of the experimental channel (h = 4.5 cm, l = 2.1 cm). Two ignition types (spherical and planar) are studied, leading to “finger-glove” or “tulip” flames. The Soret effect is analyzed and is shown to be non-negligible during hydrogen flame propagation, as well as the gravity that de-symmetrizes the flame and influences the FSI. Two Mach numbers are considered : Ms = 1.9 and 2.4. An initial 1D study shows auto-ignition followed by detonation (DDT) for Ms = 2.4, then observed in 2D and 3D, but earlier due to pressure wave reflections on side walls. Only 3D simulations allows for capturing these reflections with exactitude. For Ms = 1.9, the 2D simulations reveal shock focusing and flame acceleration, influenced by the flame’s initial asymmetry. Finally, the experimental FSI of a finger-glove flame with a shock at Ms = 1.9 is simulated in 3D, incorporating the previous observations. Flame propagation velocity and curvature are accurately reproduced. The numerical schlieren also correspond well to the experimental schlieren, validating the modeling assumptions
Bouajila, Wissam. "Modélisation des chambres de combustion de lanceurs (matériaux & calculs)." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066553.
Full textViguier, Christophe. "Etude des régimes de combustion induite par une onde de choc oblique hypersonique : cas des mélanges H2/air et CH4/air." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2289.
Full textAyoub, Mechline. "Etude de l'extension du régime de combustion sans flamme aux mélanges Méthane/Hydrogène et aux environnements à basse température." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845666.
Full textFlores-Montoya, Enrique. "Etude expérimentale de la stabilisation des flammes dans des brûleurs poreux : application des diagnostics optiques dans des géométries imprimées en 3D." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP087.
Full textPorous Media Burners (PMBs) are a combustion technology based on heat recirculation where a flame is stabilized within the cavities of an inert porous matrix. In PMBs, heat is transferred upstream from the burned to the unburned gas through the solid matrix yielding a preheating of the reactants.This increases their burning rate allowing for more compact combustion devices and the operation beyond conventional flammability limits. As a result, the stabilization of flames at ultra-lean equivalence ratios is possible, with the subsequent reduction of the flame temperature and NOx emissions. In these burners, a substantial fraction of the power is radiated by the hot solid phase, with radiated power fractions ranging between 20-30 %. This, together with their elevated efficiency and low pollutant emissions, has motivated their commercial use in various infrared heating applications.In the past years, PMBs have received renewed interest owing to their potential as fuel flexible burners. Their ability to stabilize flames over a wide range of burning rates makes them promising candidates to handle the uneven flame properties of hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels.The mechanism of heat recirculation in PMBs is well understood. However, there is still limited knowledge about many pore-scale phenomena that have a critical impact on the macroscopic behavior of the system and its performance.Advanced nonintrusive diagnostics could be used to study local flame stabilization mechanisms and improve current models. However, experimental measurements in PMBs are hindered by the lack of optical access to the interior of the porous matrix.This dissertation presents an experimental study on porous media combustion and is devoted to the application of optical diagnostics. Optically accessible PMBs are produced by combining computer-defined topologies with additive manufacturing techniques. This methodology provides an extensive optical access in a 3D burner configuration without altering the matrix structure. Optical access is leveraged to apply CH* chemiluminescence, Mie-scattering imaging and micro PIV. Topology tailoring is exploited to analyze the influence of the geometrical parameters of the porous matrix. Direct flame visualization enables the tracking of the reaction region as a function of the operating conditions, which can be used for model validation. The present results bring to light several limitations of current low order models and highlight the influence of the pore size on flame stabilization. Flame-front tracking is also used to investigate the effect of H2-enrichment on the behavior of the flame. This technique reveals different stabilization trends in H2-enriched flames that are not well retrieved by current models. Mie-scattering permits the quantification of the re-equilibration distance and the analysis of the flame shape. Micro PIV measurements show the influence of the topology on the interstitial flow and on the contribution of hydrodynamic effects to flame stabilization.This PhD seeks to open new paths for the application of non-intrusive diagnostics in PMBs and to improve the current understanding of flame stabilization mechanisms
Sacadura, Jean-Christian. "Etude expérimentale des flammes non-prémélangées hydrogène-oxygène. Caractérisation des champs dynamiques et scalaires." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES045.
Full textNoh, Dong-Soon. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale d'une flamme turbulente de prémélange hydrogène-air : caractéristique des champs de vitesse et de la structure spatiale du front." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES014.
Full textCoulon, Victor. "Combustion turbulente des flammes prémélangées hydrogène/air pauvres : de l'évaluation numérique des effets du nombre de Lewis à la modélisation par apprentissage profond pour la simulation aux grands échelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025TLSEP001.
Full textWith the current need of transitioning away from fossil fuels, hydrogen is considered a promising alternative. However, lean hydrogen/air premixed flames can exhibit synergistic effects between turbulence and intrinsic instabilities, leading to drastic flame acceleration and posing challenges for numerical simulations. These effects are neglected in current state-of-the-art subgrid-scale (SGS) models for Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and still require development, as they are governed by diffusive phenomena beyond the resolution of LES meshes. Meanwhile, the advent of deep learning (DL) offers new opportunities for combustion modeling, where high-fidelity data can be harnessed to explore new LES modeling strategies. The first part of this work presents a physical analysis of a turbulent lean hydrogen/air premixed flame under atmospheric conditions. Three-dimensional Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) are performed using the AVBP solver to assess Lewis number effects on a thermo-diffusively unstable jet flame compared to a stoichiometric methane/air flame, both sharing the same unstretched laminar flame properties and turbulent flow conditions. The analysis reveals a strong impact of stretch effects on the hydrogen flame structure, resulting in substantial local deviations from the corresponding unstretched laminar flamelet gradients and burning rates. In particular, the preferential diffusion of hydrogen relative to heat induces local variations in equivalence ratio in curved flame regions and sensitivity to strain effects in flat flame regions, causing the lean hydrogen flame to consume reactants twice as fast as the methane flame. Moreover, one-dimensional stagnation counterflow flamelets are shown to fairly estimate the hydrogen burning rates observed in the DNS, despite their simplification with only strain rates normal to the flame direction. In the second part, this work explores new modeling strategies using deep learning (DL) to develop data-driven SGS models for LES. An ad-hoc filtering methodology is proposed to elaborate a training database from instantaneous DNS snapshots of the flame configuration discussed in the first part. Then, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is parametrized within a supervised learning framework to develop two data-driven SGS models based on filtered hydrogen reaction terms. First, an efficiency model dedicated to the Thickened Flame formalism for LES (TFLES) is developed, and its predictive capabilities are evaluated in an offline (or static) context. The model is then tested on the same training configuration in an online (or dynamic) context using a hybrid coupling strategy between LES and DL solvers called AVBP-DL. Coupled calculations indicated insufficient performance compared with a reference TFLES fractal model, motivating the development of a second SGS model aimed at directly predicting the unthickened LES hydrogen source term
Davidenko, Dmitry. "Contribution au développement des outils de simulation numérique de la combustion supersonique." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012170.
Full textD'Angelo, Yves. "Analyse et simulation numérique de phénomènes liés à la combustion supersonique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00568711.
Full textMelen, Stéphane. "Modélisation et étude numérique de la combustion supersonique turbulente non-prémélangée, approche probabiliste." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUE5044.
Full textBusquet, Séverine Marie-Pierre. "Etude d'un système autonome de production d'énergie couplant un champ photovoltai͏̈que, un électrolyseur et une pile à combustible : réalisation d'un banc d'essai et modélisation." Paris, ENMP, 2003. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001338.
Full textRakotoniaina, Jean Elysée. "Etude de la célérité fondamentale de flamme laminaire de mélanges préalables par la méthode de la chambre de combustion sphérique." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2355.
Full textCesário, Moisés Rômolos. "Vaporeformage catalytique du méthane : amélioration de la production et de la sélectivité en hydrogène par absorption in situ du CO2 produit." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00999401.
Full textMolet, Julien. "Formation des oxydes d'azote dans les flammes haute pression : étude expérimentale par fluorescence induite par laser : application aux flammes méthane/air et méthane/hydrogène/air." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2066/document.
Full textThe nitric oxide (NO) is a pollutant responsible of detrimental effects on the environment and health. To better control these emissions, it’s crucial to understand and to control their formation, in particular during the combustion process at high pressure, area of industrial applications (gas turbines, engines…).There are four major routes of the NO formation: the thermal route, the prompt-NO route, the NNH route and theN2O route. The aim of this experimental thesis is to complete the existing experimental database which isnecessary to the understanding and the identification of the contribution from each route to the NO formation at high pressure.In this thesis, a facility of two twin counter-flow burners was used to study the structure of the laminar, premixed flames at high pressure. Experimental NO concentration profiles have been measured in CH4/O2/N2 flames for arange of equivalence ratio (from 0.7 to 1.2) and pressures (from 0.1 to 0.7 MPa) by Laser Induced Fluorescence.The effect of adding hydrogen (80%CH4/20%H2: Hythane® application) on the NO formation has been also studied in lean CH4/O2/N2 flames. The GDF-Kin®3.0_NCN kinetic mechanism has been compared to experimental data from the literature and also compared to the simulations from the Gas Research Institute mechanisms (version 2.11 and 3.0). These three mechanisms have been finally compared to the experimental data from this thesis
Techer, Anthony. "Simulation aux grandes échelles implicite et explicite de la combustion supersonique." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0020/document.
Full textThis dissertation is devoted to the Large-eddy simulation (LES) study of a wall hydrogen underexpanded jet in a supersonic crossflow of vitiated air. This configuration is representative of flow conditions encountered in aerospace engines such as supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjets). Indeed, future of high-speed transport systems heavily depends on the development of this type of engine. Under such conditions, the high temperature flow of vitiated air is maintained supersonic in the combustion chamber to reduce effects of heating and dissociation. The mixing and combustion processes that develop downstream of the fuel jet are studied. This work is based on the use of a high fidelity numerical simulation: CREAMS (Compressible REActive Multi-species Solver) which is developed at the Pprime Institute. This computational solver makes use of high precision numerical schemes: a 3rd order Runge–Kutta scheme for the time integration combines with a 7th order WENO and 8th order centered scheme for the spatial discretisation. Non-reactive simulations allow to characterize the importance of shock/turbulence interactions with special attention paid to the description of the unresolved (i.e. sub-grid scale) scalar fluctuations. The reactive simulations allow to perform a detailed analysis of the stabilization mode and turbulent combustion regimes tha are encountered, thus providing valuable information about the possible adequacy of the available representation for these extreme conditions
Delorme, Rodolphe. "Applications des décharges de type streamer nanoseconde aux domaines de la combustion et de la spectroscopie." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES007.
Full textThis thesis work concerns the application of high-voltage discharges, having rise time about the nanosecond, in fields in full expansion nowadays. This study is articulated around two large research orientations which are combustion and spectroscopy. The first of the potential applications in the field of combustion, the ignition of a combustible mixture in configuration point-to-crown, enabled us to validate this technique of ignition and to compare it with a traditional ignition by spark. This type of ignition makes it possible to initiate the combustion of a stoechiometric propane-air mixture, at ambient temperature, for pressures ranging between 1 and 7 bars. The second application relates to the stabilization of turbulent lifted flame at exit of injector, by a discharge sheet in wire-wire configuration with dielectric barrier. This process allows, for a height of stabilization given, to increase the flowing speed of almost 80%. The electric power injected into the streamer discharges corresponds to 1/1000th of the flame energy. The current technical limitation of this type of stabilization is at the level of the discharges repetition rate (< 300 Hz). In the field of spectroscopy, the application of streamer discharges, in wire-wire configuration with dielectric barrier, in a Argon-Hydrogen mixture, makes it possible to generate an emission between 185 and 350 nm due to the dissociative transition from H2 (a3S+g-->b3S+u). The addition of a buffer gas, Helium, makes it possible to increase by 50% the source efficiency
Chaussard, Frédéric. "Effets collisionnels homogènes et inhomogènes dans les spectres Raman rovibrationnels de H2, du régime Doppler au régime collisionnel : applications au diagnostic optique de la température dans les milieux en combustion." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS045.
Full textEugênio, Ribeiro Fábio Henrique. "Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Combustion in Situations Relevant to Scramjet Engine Propulsion." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESMA0001/document.
Full textScramjet engines are high-speed air breathing propulsion systems that do not require rotating elements to compress the air inlet stream. The flow is compressed dynamically through a supersonic intake system integrated in the aircraft’s forebody, reaching the required pressure and temperature for combustion to proceed within the combustor in this kind of engine. The combustion chamber is crossed by a supersonic flow, which limits severely the time available to inject fuel, mix it with oxidizer, ignite the resulting mixture and reach complete combustion. Cavities can be used to increase the residence time without excessive total pressure loss and are therefore used as flame holders in supersonic combustors.This thesis focuses in studying the flame stabilization mechanism and turbulence-chemistry interactions for a jet in a supersonic crossflow (JISCF) of vitiated air with hydrogen injection upstream of a wall-mounted squared cavity. The corresponding reactive high-speed flow conditions are scrutinized on the basis of numerical simulations of a scramjet model representative of experiments previously conducted at the University of Michigan. The computations are performed with the high-performance computational solver CREAMS, developed to perform the numerical simulation of compressible reactive multi-component flows on massively-parallel architectures. The solver makes use of high-order precision numerical schemes applied on structured meshes and the combustion chamber geometry is modeled by using the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) algorithm. The present set of computations is conducted within the LES framework and the subgrid viscosity is treated with the wall-adapting local eddy (WALE)model. Two distinct temperatures are considered in the inlet vitiated airstream to study combustion stabilization. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of the reactive flow topology and structure,and the combustion regimes are analyzed on the basis of standard turbulent combustion diagrams
Brossard, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude de l'inhibition de la post-combustion : caractérisation aérothermochimique d'une flamme plane basse pression ensemencée en potassium." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES054.
Full textVincent, Stéphane. "Modélisation de l'allumage en milieu turbulent avec chimie complexe." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES049.
Full textHodille, Etienne. "Etude de l'implantation du deutérium dans les composés face au au plasma constituants du tokamak ITER." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4065.
Full textDuring ITER operation, important flux of Hydrogen Isotopes (HIs) constituting the fuel interact with the plasma facing components (PFC) of the machine. In the case of tungsten (W) making the divertor which is the most exposed area to the plasma wall interaction, the incident flux can be implanted and diffuse inside the bulk material inducing a trapping of the fuel. To safety issue, the tritium inventory retained in ITER’s PFC is limited. In addition, the outgassing of the fuel during plasma operation can impact the edge plasma control.The aim of this PhD project is first to determined relevant trapping parameters of the fuel in W (detrapping energies/temperatures and trap concentrations) by modelling experimental results. The simulations of experimental results shows that under specific condition, the HI implantation can induce the formation of mono-vacancies containing impurities. In addition to this induced trap, 2 intrinsic traps are present in W. This 3 traps retain HIs up to 700 K. Finally, it has been shown that the damaged W by heavy ions or neutrons contains dislocations, dislocation loops and cavities that can trap HIs up to 1000 K.After determining the fuel retention properties of W, the HIs retention during ITER operation is estimated. During this operation, the PFC temperature reaches around 1000 K so the simulations show that the damaged W retains much more HIs than the undamaged W
Recker, Elmar. "Numerical and experimental study of a hydrogen gas turbine combustor using the jet in cross-flow principle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209733.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to investigate the “Micromix” hydrogen combustion principle with the ultimate goal of an improved prediction during the design process. Due to the complex interrelation of chemical kinetics and flow dynamics, the “Micromixing” was analyzed first. Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry was used to provide insight into the mixing process. A “simplified” set-up, that allowed to investigate the flow characteristics in great detail while retaining the same local characteristics of its “real” counterparts, was considered. The driving vortical structures were identified. To further investigate the physics involved and to extend the experimental results, numerical computations were carried out on the same “simplified” set-up as on a literature test case. In general, a number of physical issues were clarified. In particular, the interaction between the different vortical structures was looked into, and a kinematically consistent vortex model is proposed. After demonstrating the development of the mixing, the “cold flow” study was extended to a single injector. The double backward-facing step injector geometry was addressed experimentally and numerically. At design geometry, the flow appeared to behave single backward-facing like, with respect to the first gradation. In terms of varying step configurations, the flow was seen to be dependent on the periodic perturbation arising from the graded series of backward-facing steps. During the second part of the investigation, the “hot flow” was analyzed. Considering combustor similar operating conditions, a test burner was experimented on an atmospheric test rig. NOx emissions were traced by exhaust gas analysis for different working conditions. Particular flame patterns, such as a regular attached flame as well as lifted flames were observed. In parallel with the experimental work, numerical computations on a pair of opposite injectors, permitted to classify the combustion regime and the main factors involved in the NOx formation. Accordingly, NOx emission enhancing design changes are proposed. Finally, the demanding computational effort, worthy of acceptance for academic purposes, is found not agreeable as future design tool and improvements to speed up the design process are projected.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Renou, Bruno. "Contribution à l'étude de la propagation d'une flamme de prémélange instationnaire dans un écoulement turbulent. Influence du nombre de Lewis." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES015.
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