Academic literature on the topic 'Combined stressing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Combined stressing"
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He, Huan An, Wei Dong, and Zhi Min Wu. "Study on Long-Term Expansive Deformation of Self-Stressing Concrete with Combined Restrictions of Steel Fibers and Steel Bar." Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.533.
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Self-stressing concrete is sort of expansive concrete with high expansion energy which can induce prestresses with restriction in concrete, and steel fibers also enhance tensile strength of concrete. The combination of these two high performance concrete can be used to improve the cracking resistance of concrete significantly. However, like mechanical prestressed concrete, a stable long-term prestresses (self-stresses) level is a key to exploit the particular advantage of steel fiber reinforced self-stressing concrete. Self-stresses are created by restricting the expansion of self-stressing concrete with steel bars or/and steel fibers, therefore, in this paper a series of tests on long-term expansive deformation of concrete were carried out by means of measuring restrict expansive deformation of self-stressing concrete with restriction of steel fibers. The results of tests showed, based on the three-year recording, that the expansive deformation of steel fiber reinforced self-stressing concrete almost kept the same as that of 28-day without remarkable rebound which indicated that losses of self-stresses were not significant and can meet the design requirements on self-stresses level. In addition, it is proposed on the relationship between restrict expansive deformation and reinforcement ratio of steel rebars under different steel fiber volume fraction from 0-2%.
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He, Huan An, and Cheng Kui Huang. "Study on Restrained Expansive Deformation of Steel Fiber Reinforced Self-Stressing Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 385-387 (July 2008): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.385-387.305.
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A new sort of high performance concrete is introduced which combines most advantages of prestressed concrete and steel fiber concrete, named steel fiber reinforced self-stressing concrete(SFFRSSC for short). Self-stressing concrete is actually a kind of expansive concrete which self-stresses, namely pre-compressive stresses, are induced by dint of some restrictions generally provided by steel bars to concrete expansion after hydration of expansive cement. As a result of chemical reaction, concrete archived prestresses by itself different from mechanical prestressed concrete, so called self-stressing concrete. By distributing short-cut steel fibers into self-stressing concrete at random, prestresses( self-stress) are created in concrete under combined restriction of steel bars and steel fibers. Thank to the pre-stresses tensile strength of concrete are significantly increased as well as cracking strength. In addition, expansive deformation of SFFRSSC can compensate the shrinkage of concrete to decrease shrinkage crack, and the steel fibers play an important role in post-crack behavior. On the other hand, self-stressing concrete can avoid the troubles of construction compared with conventional mechanical prestressed concrete. For purpose of understanding the properties of SFFRSSC, in this paper some researches were carried out to investigate the special expansive behaviors of restrained expansive deformation with restriction of steel bar as well as steel fiber. The test results indicated that steel bar and steel fiber both provide effective restrict to self-stressing concrete as result of forming prestresses in concrete.
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Gomon, Petro. "INNOVATIVE METHOD FOR FORWARD STRESSING OF COMBINED REINFORCEMENT OF WOODEN BEAMS." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 79 (April 11, 2022): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2022.79.77-86.
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The article describes the basic methods of front tensioning of steel reinforcement and composite smuga behind the help of special outbuildings when folding forward stressed wooden elements and structures.
For the essential advancement of the hardness of the elements from the village, which is necessary to apply to the core: increase the strength of the squeezed zone of reinforcement with accessible reinforcement with the highest modulus of springiness, that is, steel; create a buoyant wig for the front tension of the composite stitching made of carbon fiber by Sika CarboDur.
The sequence of front tensioning of steel reinforcement and composite smuga without special attachments is broken down. In the new model, it was changed to change the bending of the glued-reinforced combination to the reinforcement of the beam with a track of the front tension of the string reinforcement, which is used in the splice of simple steps without the addition of additional special outbuildings. The buttstock of the front tensioning of the composite reinforcement Sika CarboDur S- 512 was placed on the wood of the stretched zone of the beam without special attachments. Shown is one of the methods of anchoring the composite strіchkovo reinforcement Sika CarboDur S-512.
If such a design is put into operation, then when the cob is occupied, її cobs will be extinguished, the forward stresses will be called out, and the last thing will be more likely to bend. In this way, one and the same value of the deflection will be reached with greater equalization of tension, lower without forward tension.
The advantage of this method is its simplicity, even if it is not necessary to adjuncts for tensile reinforcement. In addition, for the front tension of the reinforcement in this way, a change in the bending of the gap with the design behind the prototype is up to 30%.
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He, Huan An, Bo Xin Wang, and Jian Ting Lin. "Performance on Steel Fiber Reinforced Self-Stressing Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 400-402 (October 2008): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.400-402.427.
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In this paper a new sort of high performance concrete is introduced which combines most advantages of prestressed concrete and steel fiber concrete, named steel fiber reinforced self-stressing concrete(SFFRSSC for short). Self-stressing concrete is actually a kind of expansive concrete which self-stresses, namely pre-compressive stresses, are induced by dint of some restrictions generally provided by steel bars to concrete expansion after hydration of expansive cement. As a result of chemical reaction, concrete archived prestresses by itself different from mechanical prestressed concrete, so called self-stressing concrete. By distributing short-cut steel fibers into self-stressing concrete at random, self-stresses are generated in concrete under combined restriction of steel bars as well as steel fibers. Thank to the pre-stresses tensile strength of concrete are significantly increased as well as cracking strength. In addition, on the one hand, expansive deformation of SFFRSSC can compensate the shrinkage of concrete to decrease non-loaded cracks resulting from shrinkage, and even when cracking, the steel fibers play an important role in resistance to crack development. On the other hand, self-stressing concrete can avoid the troubles of construction compared with conventional mechanical prestressed concrete. Therefore, above-mentioned advantages of SFFRSSC over ordinary concrete imply a better prospect in using SFFRSSC in civil engineering. For purpose of understanding the properties of SFFRSSC, in this paper some researches were carried out to investigate the special expansive behaviors with ages and tensile strength. The test results indicated that at early age the expansion of SFFRSSC developed rapidly but 14 day the 90% of overall expansive deformation basically fulfilled and subsequently expansion kept stable. Axial tensile test result showed that tensile strength were improved 2-3 times for self-stressing concrete specimens restrained by steel bars as well as steel fibers.
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Keblish, Peter A. "Amputation Alternatives in the Lower Limb, Stressing Combined Management of the Traumatized Extremity." Clinics in Plastic Surgery 13, no. 4 (October 1986): 595–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-1298(20)31539-x.
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Keblish, P. A. "Amputation alternatives in the lower limb, stressing combined management of the traumatized extremity." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 81, no. 1 (January 1988): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198801000-00054.
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Würfl, Joachim, Paul Kurpas, Frank Brunner, Michael Mai, Matthias Rudolph, and Markus Weyers. "Degradation properties of MOVPE-grown GaInP/GaAs HBTs under combined temperature and current stressing." Microelectronics Reliability 41, no. 8 (August 2001): 1103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-2714(01)00081-6.
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Vetrova, E. A. "Formation of roughness of the surface layer of non-rigid parts of hollow cylinder type during combined machining and surface plastic deformation." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 6, no. 2-2 (March 20, 2012): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-68404.
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The forming of surface roughness of non-rigid parts such as hollow cylinder while combined machining intervenes three phases. The magnitude of surface roughness depends on shape and size of deformed elements, magnitude of axial feed, radial forcing, number of stressing cycles, physical and mechanical parameters of the material, etc.
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Senna, M., Y. Fujiwara, T. Isobe, and J. Tanaka. "Molecular dynamic–molecular orbital combined study on the solid state interfacial reaction under mechanical stressing." Solid State Ionics 141-142 (May 2001): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2738(01)00717-2.
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Kraus, Dennis H., Michael J. Zelefsky, Heidi A. J. Brock, Jerry Huo, Louis B. Harrison, and Jatin P. Shah. "Combined Surgery and Radiation Therapy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 116, no. 6 (June 1997): 637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(97)70240-7.
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Squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx remains a highly lethal disease. This article documents our experience with 132 patients undergoing surgical management of squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx, of whom 80% received postoperative radiation therapy. Local-regional control was obtained in 61% of the patients. Five-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 30% and 41%, respectively. Prognosis was better in patients with limited disease: local disease permitting larynx-sparing surgery, N0/N1 clinical neck, and stage I/II/III disease. Cancer of the hypopharynx remains an aggressive entity associated with poor prognosis. Novel strategies stressing improved local-regional control with prevention of distant metastasis are warranted.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Combined stressing"
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Гонтарь, Павло Анатолійович. "Удосконалення технології механічного руйнування гірських порід використанням кумулятивного вибухового ядра." Doctoral thesis, Київ, 2017. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/18700.
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Дисертаційна робота присвячена розробці нового енергоефективного вибухо-механічного способу руйнування гірських порід з використанням кумулятивного вибухового ядра. Розроблено математичну модель енергоємності руйнування гірських порід, що враховує параметри вибухо-механічного навантаження вибою і сукупність дії природної та внесеної технологічної тріщинуватостей. Створено повнорозмірний експериментальний пристрій для реалізації комбінованого вибухо-механічного руйнування гірських порід. Пристрій дозволив експериментально встановити зниження питомої енергоємності вибухо-механічного руйнування гірських порід від частоти навантажень кумулятивним вибуховим ядром (на 9…16 %) та температури вибуху (на 4…7 %). При цьому забезпечено зростання коефіцієнта корисної дії з 77 % до 80 % та продуктивності руйнування гірських порід на 9…14 %. Результати досліджень апробовано в технологічному процесі ПП «Давидівський гранкар’єр». Досягнуто зниження питомої енергоємності руйнування граніту з 201 до 188 кВт·год/м³ вибухо-механічним способом за рахунок доповнення природних тріщин внесеними технологічними кумулятивним вибуховим ядром.
Books on the topic "Combined stressing"
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Eric, Overton, and Lewis Research Center, eds. Effects of combined stressing on the electrical properties of film and ceramic capacitors. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1994.
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Hydén, Lars-Christer. Embodied Memories. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391578.003.0006.
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For persons with dementia, engaging in joint activities like storytelling is fraught with challenges related to the fact that fewer linguistic and cognitive resources are available, compared with before the disease. Of particular importance are challenges concerning finding words and names, constructing utterances and stories, as well as remembering events and stories—and the combined effect of these. Having fewer resources available makes it difficult to tell stories in conversations, to listen to others’ storytelling, or to identify and grab a turn in a conversation to put in a word. One alternative is for the person with dementia to use embodied resources. The person with dementia can use other resources in combination with abilities that are still fully functional. Instead of gestures accompanying words in a story, gestures can take the lead role, with words only stressing or supporting bodily gestures, or gestures may even replace words entirely.
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Kontorovich, Vladimir. Reluctant Cold Warriors. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190868123.001.0001.
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The academic study of the Soviet economy in the US was created to help fight the Cold War, part of a broader mobilization of the social sciences for national security needs. The Soviet strategic challenge rested on the ability of its economy to produce large numbers of sophisticated weapons. The military sector was the dominant part of the economy, and the most successful one. However, a comprehensive survey of scholarship on the Soviet economy from 1948-1991 shows that it paid little attention to the military sector, compared to other less important parts of the economy. Soviet secrecy does not explain this pattern of neglect. Western scholars developed strained civilian interpretations for several aspects of the economy which the Soviets themselves acknowledged to have military significance. A close reading of the economic literature, combined with insights from other disciplines, suggest three complementary explanations for civilianization of the Soviet economy. Soviet studies was a peripheral field in economics, and its practitioners sought recognition by pursuing the agenda of the mainstream discipline, however ill-fitting their subject. The Soviet economy was supposed to be about socialism, and the military sector appeared to be unrelated to that. By stressing the militarization, one risked being viewed as a Cold War monger. The conflict identified in this book between the incentives of academia and the demands of policy makers (to say nothing of accurate analysis) has broad relevance for national security uses of social science.
Book chapters on the topic "Combined stressing"
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Wen, Zitong, Jian Zhou, Jing Dong, and Chizhi Zhang. "Improvement Measures for Structure System Conversions Caused by Utilising SPMTs to Lift Trusses." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 11–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1260-3_2.
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AbstractSince the demand for accelerated construction is increasing these years, much attention has been paid to accelerated bridge construction (ABC) methods. The self-propelled modular transporters (SPMTs) are widely utilised in the ABC method as a versatile transport carrier. However, since the limitation of the SPMTs method, several structural system conversions will happen during truss installation, and tensile stress will potentially appear at the upper chord of the truss. Moreover, it is worth noticing the dynamic effects caused by utilising SPMTs to lift the truss can enlarge the impact of tensile stress. As one type of prestressing, beams prestressed with external tendons can effectively reduce the tensile stress. In order to reduce the impact of cracks caused by tensile stress, the feasibility of adopting temporary external pre-stressing tendons is discussed combined with the simulation results of MIDAS in this research.
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Shneiderman, Ben. "Introduction: High Expectations." In Human-Centered AI, 7–16. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845290.003.0001.
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This book proposes a new synthesis in which AI-based intelligent algorithms are combined with human-centered thinking to make HCAI. This approach will increase the chance that technology will empower rather than replace people. In the past, researchers and developers focused on building AI algorithms and systems, stressing machine autonomy and measuring algorithm performance. The new synthesis gives equal attention to human users and other stakeholders by raising the value of user experience design and by measuring human performance. Researchers and developers for HCAI systems value meaningful human control, putting people first by serving human values such as rights, justice, and dignity, and supporting goals such as self-efficacy, creativity, responsibility, and social connections.
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Wragg, Nicole, and Carolyn Barnes. "Group Work and the Externally-Oriented Capstone." In Collaboration and Student Engagement in Design Education, 305–31. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0726-0.ch014.
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Professional learning, where students gain skills and attributes relevant to their future work, is currently emphasised in tertiary education. Group work is promoted here for preparing students to work with clients and colleagues. We report on two capstone projects undertaken for external clients by teams of design students. In discussing the curricula and pedagogy of professional design education, the chapter addresses the value of group projects in developing graduates' work-readiness and insight into professional practice. Variances in approach, knowledge and perspective between colleagues, combined with differing needs and expectations across the designer-client-end-user divide, make goal setting and project resolution challenging in design. Project work approached from an expanded sense of the group and which delivers implementable proposals for clients provides graduating students with authentic learning around the demands of practice, stressing collaborative problem-solving based on knowledge of the design context and the wider relational systems surrounding industry practice.
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Kohlborn, Thomas, Erwin Fielt, and Maximillian Boentgen. "One-Stop Government Portals." In Public Affairs and Administration, 1386–408. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8358-7.ch068.
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E-government is seen as a promising approach for governments to improve their service towards citizens and become more cost-efficient in service delivery. This is often combined with one-stop government, which is a citizen-oriented approach stressing integrated provision of services from multiple departments via a single access point, the one-stop government portal. While the portal concept is gaining prominence in practice, there is little known about its status in academic literature. This hinders academics in building an accumulated body of knowledge around the concept and makes it hard for practitioners to access relevant academic insights on the topic. The objective of this study is to identify and understand the key themes of the one-stop government portal concept in academic, e-government research. A holistic analysis is provided by addressing different viewpoints: social-political, legal, organizational, user, security, service, data and information, and technical. As an overall finding, the authors conclude that there are two different approaches: a more pragmatic approach focuses on quick wins in particular related to usability and navigation and a more ambitious, transformational approach having far reaching social-political, legal, and organizational implications.
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"Witchcraft and Politics in Muscovy and the Hetmanate." In Witchcraft in Russia and Ukraine, 1000-1900, edited by Valerie A. Kivelson and Christine D. Worobec, 26–78. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501750649.003.0003.
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This chapter analyzes witchcraft and politics in Muscovy and the Hetmanate. Politics at the early modern Russian (or Muscovite) court was very much focused on personal connections of kinship, marriage, and patronage, so the choice of brides for the rulers was of utmost political importance. Witchcraft, or rumors of witchcraft, frequently arose in connection with royal marriages. Witchcraft charges also arose when competition among rival factions at court grew particularly fierce, as during the minorities of rulers, when members of the inner circle jockeyed for position, or when a ruler was selecting his royal bride. While it is true that in many instances witchcraft charges were combined with suspicions of high treason or lese majesty — that is, attacks on the ruler, his family, or his dignity — far from all Russian witchcraft trials or anxieties can be described as “political” in any conventional sense of the word. Instead of stressing the political essence of witchcraft, one could emphasize the personal, familial, or even emotional aspects of political life that emerge from the language and sites of anxiety evident in these texts. Witchcraft thus provides a lens through which to rethink the very nature of politics.
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Nash, John B., Christoph Richter, and Heidrun Allert. "Drawing on Design to Improve Evaluation of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning." In Online Collaborative Learning, 281–310. IGI Global, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-174-2.ch013.
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This chapter addresses theoretical frameworks for the evaluation of computer-supported learning environments. It outlines the characteristics and obstacles this evaluation must face with regard to projects that design learning experiences, stressing the notion that human-computer interaction is imbedded in social context that is complex and dynamic. The authors examine how scenario-based design and program theory can contribute to the design and evaluation of computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) and present a case study in which both approaches are applied. Based on the revealed complementary frameworks, a compelling approach is drafted that combines both of them. Our goal is to make CSCL designers more aware of the benefits of evaluative thinking in their work and to introduce two tangible approaches to evaluation that, when implemented as a design step, can strengthen CSCL initiatives.
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Hepokoski, James. "Beethoven, String Quartet in E Minor, op. 59 no. 2/i (Allegro)." In A Sonata Theory Handbook, 154–77. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197536810.003.0009.
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Chapter 9 combines features of chapters 7 and 8—Beethoven’s middle-period music as intensely hyperdramatized narrative and the conventions and implications of the minor-mode sonata—by closely examining the first movement of the second of his “Razumovsky” Quartets, op. 59 no. 2. The analysis of Beethoven’s quartet movement also throws into high relief that composer’s different concerns and style from those found in Haydn’s quartets (chapter 6). An initial backdrop sets Beethoven’s op. 59 into its historical context, again stressing the new demands placed by such music on both performers and listeners, and once more reminding the reader that Beethoven often approached and treated the classical “default” procedures of the preceding century with distortions or unusual harmonic swerves for effects both eccentric and dramatic. The chapter also considers some of the problems involved with cadential identification: what counts, for instance, as a “structural cadence,” and how might a decision along these lines affect our larger reading to the piece? In play, as always in Beethoven’s minor-mode sonatas, is the charged, dark-and-light tension between the negatively valenced minor and the ongoing struggle to escape from that minor into a contrasting major.
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Buendgens-Kosten, Judith. "Digital storytelling: multimodal meaning making." In Innovative language pedagogy report, 103–8. Research-publishing.net, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2021.50.1243.
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What is it? Robin (n.d.) defines digital storytelling as “the practice of using computer-based tools to tell stories”, stressing that “they all revolve around the idea of combining the art of telling stories with a variety of multimedia, including graphics, audio, video, and Web publishing” (n.p.). Ohler (2009) suggests that “digital storytelling […] uses personal digital technology to combine a number of media into a coherent narrative” (p. 15). Very often, digital storytelling involves some kind of video production (see examples on https://digitalstorytelling.coe.uh.edu). Including stories and storytelling for language learning barely needs justification. The ability to tell a story is important in many life settings, from hanging out with friends to selling a product. But why digital storytelling? In 1996 The New London Group argued that the traditional perspective on literacy should be extended to encompass a broader range of meaning-making practices, including those involving digital media. In a similar vein, The Douglas Fir Group (2016) argues that “language learning is semiotic learning” (p. 27), and goes beyond the acquisition of words and structures. While engaging in digital storytelling, learners practise the target language in a potentially highly motivating context, use the target language and other linguistic resources to engage in discussion and negotiation about the process, and in the production of their stories (e.g. in a task-based language teaching tradition); also extending their repertoire of meaning-making resources through practice and reflection – cf. The New London Group’s (1996) notion of critical framing. Students of many different levels of proficiency can create engaging digital stories – from the A1-level primary school student telling a story via the Puppet Pals app, to the adult language learner engaging in a complex cross-media storytelling project.
Conference papers on the topic "Combined stressing"
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Eltermann, Fabian, Lisa Ziegler, Maike Wiesenfarth, Jürgen Wilde, and Andreas W. Bett. "Performance and failure analysis of concentrator solar cells after intensive stressing with thermal, electrical, and combined load." In 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-13). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5001432.
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Wei, Liwu. "The Numerical Investigation of Plastic Collapse Loads in Cylinders Containing Circumferential Flaws Under a Combined Loading of Internal Pressure, Tension and Bending Moment." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10741.
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Fracture assessment diagram (FAD) based fracture assessment procedures are universally adopted by standards/documents including BS7910, R6, API579-1/ASME FFS-1 and FITNET. In the use of a FAD for structural integrity assessment, one important consideration is to determine the load ratio (Lr) which is defined by two equivalent definitions: Lr is either defined as the ratio of reference stress (σref) to yield strength (σY) as in BS7910, or as the ratio of applied load to plastic limit load as in R6. The solutions of reference stress or limit load are given in the assessment procedures for commonly encountered flawed structures such as a plate containing a surface crack and a cylinder containing an external surface crack. Although the solutions given in the various standards are not all the same, they were invariably derived on the basis of analysis of the force and moment equilibrium with regard to a flawed section and few of them has taken into account the effects of bi-axial stressing on a flawed section, thus remaining a question whether these solutions are still valid in situations involving bi-axial loading such as the presence of pressure in a cylinder in addition to axial tension and bending. In this work, finite element analysis (FEA) of plastic collapse was systematically performed on circumferential internal surface cracks in a cylinder subjected to various combined loads, including combined tension and pressure, combined bending moment and pressure, and combined tension, bending moment and pressure. The focus was on understanding the effects of bi-axial stressing due to pressure on plastic limit load. The investigation of these cases has demonstrated a significant effect in plastic limit load arising from the application of pressure introducing a state of bi-axial stressing. Comparison of the results of plastic limit load obtained from FEA with those derived from BS 7910 reference stress solutions was carried out to assess the applicability when the standard solutions of plastic collapse are used in the applications containing bi-axial stresses.
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Meng, Dongmei, Laura Buck, and James Cargo. "An Overview of Cu Wire Intermetallic Compound Formation and a Corrosion Failure Mechanism." In ISTFA 2012. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2012p0310.
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Abstract Cu needs a higher level of ultrasound combined with bonding force to be bonded to the Al pad properly, not just because Cu is harder than Au, but it is also harder to initiate intermetallic compounds (IMC) formation during bonding. This increases the chances of damaging the metal/low k stack under the bondpad. This paper presents a fundamental study of IMC as well as one example of a failure mode of Cu/Al bonded devices, all based on detailed analysis using scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometers, and transmission electron microscopy. It presents a case study showing a corrosion mechanism of Cu/Al ballbond after 168hr UHAST stress. It is observed that all Cu9Al4 was consumed, while very little copper aluminide remained after 168 hours of UHAST stressing.
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Liang, Shui-Bao, Chang-Bo Ke, Cheng Wei, Min-Bo Zhou, and Xin-Ping Zhang. "Phase field study of the combined effects of electromigration and thermomigration on phase segregation and physical properties of Sn58Bi solder joints under electric current stressing coupled with temperature gradient." In 2018 19th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2018.8480529.
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Daniels, Joel, Elaine Cohen, and David Johnson. "Converting Molecular Meshes Into Smooth Interpolatory Spline Solid Models." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85363.
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The study and understanding of molecules, once the domain of blackboards and stick-and-ball models, has become more and more exclusively linked to the use of computer-aided visualizations. Our project seeks to return the physical facsimile to the biologists, allowing the use of tactile senses while interacting with and manipulating a physical model, thus aiding educational and research endeavors. To increase the effectiveness of such a tool, the model is constructed such that multiple levels of information are viewable within the single physical form, stressing the interaction between the assorted components within the molecule. We use the term 3-D physical visualizations to refer to the fabricated model, to avoid confusion with the common usage of model as a virtual representation on the computer. To effectively combine multiple components into a smooth manufacturable physical visualization, all components of the model must be in a homogeneous format. Our research sets forth a method for converting triangulated mesh data, as provided by the molecular modeling packages, into spline models. Spline models have the attractive qualities that they are smooth without triangular facets, can be combined using traditional boolean operations (and, or, not), and can be directly fabricated using modern CAD/CAM techniques. Our method divides the polyhedral representation into multiple rectangular grids, then fits interpolatory spline surfaces to the data in each region, while focusing on smoothly stitching the boundaries and corners of the spline surfaces in order to create a near G1 continuous model.
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Tibana, Yehisson, Estatio Gutierrez, M. Arend, and J. E. Gonzalez. "Building Peak Load Management With High Resolution Weather Data." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49233.
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Dense urban environments are exposed to the combined effects of rising global temperatures and urban heat islands. This combination is resulting in increasing trends of energy consumption in cities, associated mostly with air conditioning to maintain indoor human comfort conditions. During periods of extreme summer weather, electrical usage usually reaches peak loads, stressing the electrical grid. The purpose of this study is to explore the use of available, high resolution weather data by effectively preparing a building for peak load management. The subject of study is a 14 floor, 620,782 sq ft building located in uptown Manhattan, New York City (40.819257 N, −73.949288 W). To precisely quantify thermal loads of the buildings for the summer conditions; a single building energy model (SBEM), the US Department of Energy EnergyPlus™ was used. The SBEM was driven by a weather file built from weather data of the urbanized weather forecasting model (uWRF), a high resolution weather model coupled to a building energy model. The SBEM configuration and simulations were calibrated with winter actual gas and electricity data using 2010 as the benchmark year. In order to show the building peak load management, demand response techniques and technologies were implemented. The methods used to prepare the building included generator usage during high peak loads and use of a thermal storage system. An ensemble of cases was analyzed using current practice, use of high resolution weather data, and use of building preparation technologies. Results indicated an average summer peak savings of more than 30% with high resolution weather data.
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Chell, G. Graham, Yi-Der Lee, and Stephen J. Hudak. "Efficient J-Based Failure Assessment Diagrams for Engineering Critical Assessments of Circumferentially Cracked Pipes Subjected to Axial Force, Pressure, and Bending." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10058.
Full textAbstract:
Engineering critical assessments (ECAs) of cracked pipes increasingly involve situations of high strains (e.g., reeling and ratcheting fatigue), multiple loads (combined bending, axial forces, and internal pressure), and multi-axial stressing (due to pressure). In this paper, some of the implications of these loading conditions on ECAs are investigated by generating BS 7910 Level 3C Failure Assessment Diagrams (FADs) from the results of a large matrix of finite element analysis (FEA) J computations for circumferentially cracked pipes. The Level 3C (J-based) FADs (which provide the most accurate FAD approach to ECAs) are compared with the corresponding and more widely employed (but less accurate) Level 2B (material dependent) FADs in order to assess the accuracy of the latter. Use of FEA J solutions in a Level 3C FAD ensures that the effects of material behavior, load type, crack type, crack geometry, and pipe geometry are accurately captured whereas a Level 2B FAD only attempts to accurately capture the effects of material stress-strain behavior. It is demonstrated that under some circumstances a Level 2B assessment will result in non-conservative results compared to the corresponding Level 3C assessment. The current comparison between Levels 3C and 2B addresses the mechanics involved in these approaches and does not take into account the possible differing treatments of material property uncertainties on ECAs within the two approaches. Based on the current results, an efficient J formulation is described that facilitates the practical implementation of a J-based ECA. The novel approach used is based on determining material dependent shift factors that transform Level 3C FADs derived from the fully plastic components of J solutions into Level 3C FADs that represent J behaviors in the linear elastic and fully plastic regimes, and the transition region in-between. This new J formulation treats combined axial forces, pressure, and bending when applied proportionally or non-proportionally and forms the basis of the monotonic and cyclic crack tip driving forces employed in the program FlawPRO. This program performs comprehensive conventional and high strain J-based ECAs that involve reeling, arbitrary strain cycling, ratcheting fatigue, and ductile tearing that are equivalent to a Level 3C FAD approach.
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Gabay, Ran, and Izhak Bucher. "On Vibrating Traveling Waves Actuation, Sensing, and Tuning in Finite Structures." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15497.
Full textAbstract:
This work is concerned with a method to generate pure traveling vibration waves in finite structures. Using progressing deformations, i.e. waves, is not common when dealing with forced vibration since structures are naturally vibrating in their, naturally occurring, normal modes. Indeed, natural vibration modes can be referred to standing waves. Since a structure does not lend itself to a traveling wave vibration, the generation of traveling waves in a structure becomes a challenging task. The boundary conditions or external forces must be carefully tuned in an iterative process that necessitates measurement and identification of the traveling and standing wave components. In this work, a method to generate and measure traveling waves is presented for one and two-dimensional structures. Both analytical and experimental results are provided here. A traveling wave is a disturbance that propagates away from its source carrying energy along its path. In finite structures, a wave hitting a boundary experiences an impedance change that gives rise to a partial reflection, thus distorting its original form. For a pure traveling wave to occur, the boundary of the structure must be set to match the impedance of the structure, and thus to absorb the disturbance while preventing any reflected wave from the boundaries. Impedance matching can be accomplished by passive or active means. Active impedance matching is obtained by generating a vibrating wave at one end (a source) and 'pumps' it on the other, active absorbing end, often addressed as a sink. Indeed, active impedance matching sometimes referred as the "active sink" method. Special methods must be used to extract the description of the vibrating wave characteristics from the measured vibration efficiently, and possibly in real-time (for control purposes). A parametric method is employed in this work to describe and analyze the wave vibration from measurements. In reality, the theoretical knowledge of how to excite a vibrating traveling wave is not sufficiently accurate to produce traveling waves. Minute manufacturing imperfections, small structural and actuator asymmetry may cause large deviations from pure traveling waves state. It is shown that a tuning process that relies on the measurements but combined with a physical model, should serve as the basis of the practical implementation. Several experiments on a string-like structure are described stressing the physical implications as well as the refined experimental procedure. The actuation techniques, wave identification methods and the tuning procedure of a vibrating traveling wave are described in some detail for the experimental work.
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Chen, Bicheng, and Cemal Basaran. "Continuous Wavelet Transform Based Nanoscale Strain Field Measurement Using Moire´ Interferometry With Phase Shifting." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89016.
Full textAbstract:
Moire´ Interferometry (MI) provides real-time full strain field measurement for the structure under the dynamic loading. It has been successfully applied to the reliability testing of the electronic packaging under different loadings (e.g. thermal cycling, electrical current stressing and etc). The miniaturization of the microelectronic packaging calls for the operation of MI at a level with higher sensitivity and better resolution. The proposed operation of MI combines two novel methods in the interferometry, phase shifting (PS) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to achieve a 164 nm/pixel spatial resolution. The entire operation procedure is completed automatically by computer programs. A two-level zooming system is designed and implemented in MI to give a high spatial resolution. The idea of combination of CWT and PS here is to put both spatial phase calculation and temporal phase calculation together. By introducing both the spatial and temporal redundancy, the authors show that the hybrid methods take the advantages from both of them. Furthermore, the direct calculation of the spontaneous spatial frequency of the interferogram is carried out using the property of the maximum power ridge of CWT. This method doesn’t require unwrapping and differentiation, which avoid the possible numerical noise introduced in these two steps. In the proposed system, pixel by pixel in-plane strain tensors can be calculated from the intensity map of interferograms using phase-based method for MI in contrast with the traditional fringe counting. The resulting strain tensor can be used to model constitutive relationship or compare with finite element analysis results. A thermal experiment on BGA packaging is used to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed new design.