Journal articles: 'Combined representations'

1

Liu, Jing, Hui Zhang, Tao Yu, Duanyu Ni, Liankun Ren, Qinhao Yang, Baoqing Lu, et al. "Stable maintenance of multiple representational formats in human visual short-term memory." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 51 (December 7, 2020): 32329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006752117.

Full text

Abstract:

Visual short-term memory (VSTM) enables humans to form a stable and coherent representation of the external world. However, the nature and temporal dynamics of the neural representations in VSTM that support this stability are barely understood. Here we combined human intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings with analyses using deep neural networks and semantic models to probe the representational format and temporal dynamics of information in VSTM. We found clear evidence that VSTM maintenance occurred in two distinct representational formats which originated from different encoding periods. The first format derived from an early encoding period (250 to 770 ms) corresponded to higher-order visual representations. The second format originated from a late encoding period (1,000 to 1,980 ms) and contained abstract semantic representations. These representational formats were overall stable during maintenance, with no consistent transformation across time. Nevertheless, maintenance of both representational formats showed substantial arrhythmic fluctuations, i.e., waxing and waning in irregular intervals. The increases of the maintained representational formats were specific to the phases of hippocampal low-frequency activity. Our results demonstrate that human VSTM simultaneously maintains representations at different levels of processing, from higher-order visual information to abstract semantic representations, which are stably maintained via coupling to hippocampal low-frequency activity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Ibarra, Andoni, and Thomas Mormann. "Una teoría combinatoria de las representaciones científicas." Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 32, no. 95 (January 7, 2000): 3–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2000.874.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new concept of scientific representation into philosophy of science. The new concept -to be called homological or functorial representation- is a genuine generalization of the received notion of representation as a structure preserving map as it is used, for example, in the representational theory of measurement. It may be traced back, at least implicitly, to the works of Hertz and Duhem. A modern elaboration may be found in the foundational discipline of mathematical category theory. In contrast to the familiar concepts of representations, functorial representations do not depend on any notion of similarity, neither structural nor objectual one. Rather, functorial representation establish correlations between the structures of the representing and the represented domains. Thus, they may be said to form a class of quite "non-isomorphic" representations. Nevertheless, and this is the central claim of this paper, they are the most common type of representations used in science. In our paper we give some examples from mathematics and empirical science. One of the most interesting features of the new concept is that it leads in a natural way to a combinatorial theory of scientific representations, i.e. homological or functorial representations do not live in insulation, rather, they may be combined and connected in various ways thereby forming a net of interrelated representations. One of the most important tasks of a theory of scientific representations is to describe this realm of combinatorial possibilities in detail. Some first tentative steps towards this endeavour are done in our paper.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Francois-Lavet, Vincent, Yoshua Bengio, Doina Precup, and Joelle Pineau. "Combined Reinforcement Learning via Abstract Representations." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 3582–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33013582.

Full text

Abstract:

In the quest for efficient and robust reinforcement learning methods, both model-free and model-based approaches offer advantages. In this paper we propose a new way of explicitly bridging both approaches via a shared low-dimensional learned encoding of the environment, meant to capture summarizing abstractions. We show that the modularity brought by this approach leads to good generalization while being computationally efficient, with planning happening in a smaller latent state space. In addition, this approach recovers a sufficient low-dimensional representation of the environment, which opens up new strategies for interpretable AI, exploration and transfer learning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Honari-Jahromi, Maryam, Brea Chouinard, Esti Blanco-Elorrieta, Liina Pylkkänen, and Alona Fyshe. "Neural representation of words within phrases: Temporal evolution of color-adjectives and object-nouns during simple composition." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): e0242754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242754.

Full text

Abstract:

In language, stored semantic representations of lexical items combine into an infinitude of complex expressions. While the neuroscience of composition has begun to mature, we do not yet understand how the stored representations evolve and morph during composition. New decoding techniques allow us to crack open this very hard question: we can train a model to recognize a representation in one context or time-point and assess its accuracy in another. We combined the decoding approach with magnetoencephalography recorded during a picture naming task to investigate the temporal evolution of noun and adjective representations during speech planning. We tracked semantic representations as they combined into simple two-word phrases, using single words and two-word lists as non-combinatory controls. We found that nouns were generally more decodable than adjectives, suggesting that noun representations were stronger and/or more consistent across trials than those of adjectives. When training and testing across contexts and times, the representations of isolated nouns were recoverable when those nouns were embedded in phrases, but not so if they were embedded in lists. Adjective representations did not show a similar consistency across isolated and phrasal contexts. Noun representations in phrases also sustained over time in a way that was not observed for any other pairing of word class and context. These findings offer a new window into the temporal evolution and context sensitivity of word representations during composition, revealing a clear asymmetry between adjectives and nouns. The impact of phrasal contexts on the decodability of nouns may be due to the nouns’ status as head of phrase—an intriguing hypothesis for future research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Natesan Ramamurthy, Karthikeyan, Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan, and Andreas Spanias. "Recovering non-negative and combined sparse representations." Digital Signal Processing 26 (March 2014): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2013.11.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Frank, Cornelia, Taeho Kim, and Thomas Schack. "Observational Practice Promotes Action-Related Order Formation in Long-Term Memory: Investigating Action Observation and the Development of Cognitive Representation in Complex Motor Action." Journal of Motor Learning and Development 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2017-0007.

Full text

Abstract:

To date, it is commonly agreed that physical practice, as well as mental types of practice, have the potential to bring about improvements in motor performance and to induce motor learning. The perceptual-cognitive representational background of these changes, however, is still being debated. In this experiment, we investigated the influence of observational practice on the performance and the representation of the golf putt. With this we aimed at adding to the ongoing debate on the particular contribution of observational practice to motor learning. Novices were assigned to one of two groups: observational and combined observational and physical practice. Motor performance and mental representation were measured prior to and after practice and after a three-day retention interval. Performance improved in both practice groups from pre- to retention-test. Together with performance improvements, mental representation structures developed functionally and became more elaborate over the course of the experiment. Interestingly, however, the pattern of changes over the course of the experiment and across the two practice types was different. Combined practice led to improvements in motor performance from pre- to post-test with representations developing alongside these improvements. Observational practice alone did not lead to performance improvement until after task execution, as shown by improvements in motor performance from post- to retention-test, even though mental representations changed from pre- to post-test. From this, observational practice seems to promote the development of representational frameworks of complex action, and thus action-related order formation in long-term memory.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

LALMAS, MOUNIA. "COMBINING DOCUMENT REPRESENTATIONS." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 09, no. 04 (December 2000): 427–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021884300000020x.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a formal framework for the combination of document representations based on evidential reasoning. Each indexing method is modelled by an agent referred to as an indexer. Indexing elements re modelled as sentences which are used to describe the content of a document. The modelling of the indexing and its uncertainty provides the document representation. The combination of document representations is expressed as the combination of the indexing and uncertainty as provided by two or more indexers. The resulting indexer is referred to as the combined indexer. The proposed framework allows the capture of the semantics of the indexing vocabularies associated with the indexers and the aggregation of the uncertainty associated with the indexing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Germann, Jürgen, M. Mallar Chakravarty, D. Louis Collins, and Michael Petrides. "Tight Coupling between Morphological Features of the Central Sulcus and Somatomotor Body Representations: A Combined Anatomical and Functional MRI Study." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 3 (December 13, 2019): 1843–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz208.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Pioneering research established the concept of somatotopic organization of the primary motor and somatosensory cortex along the central sulcus as depicted in the widely known schematic illustration (the “homunculus”) by Penfield and colleagues. With the exception of the hand, however, a precise relationship between morphological features of the central sulcus and the representation of various parts of the body has not been addressed. To investigate whether such relations between anatomical features and functional body representations exist, we first examined central sulcus morphology in detail and then conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment to establish somatomotor representations. This study established that the central sulcus is composed of five distinct sulcal segments and demonstrated that each segment relates systematically to the sensorimotor representation of distinct parts of the body. Thus, local morphology predicts the localization of body representations with precision, raising fundamental questions regarding functional and morphological differentiation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Perez-Cortes, Putnam, and Sánchez. "Differential Access: Asymmetries in Accessing Features and Building Representations in Heritage Language Grammars." Languages 4, no. 4 (October 22, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages4040081.

Full text

Abstract:

In this article, we propose that elements of heritage language grammars—both in the form of axiomatic features and larger combined representational units—are not easily lost over the course of the lifespan. This view contrasts with alternative explanations for the steady-state representation of these grammars that suggest truncated acquisition or erosion are the primary culprits of perceived language loss. In production and comprehension processes for heritage bilinguals, particular elements are more difficult to access than others, leading to differential ways to access representations and feature values. To illustrate and support this hypothesis, we build on previous work by examining the interpretation and use of obligatory mood selection in Spanish desiderative constructions in three groups of heritage speakers with different levels of language proficiency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Ma, Hui Fang, and Hui Li Ma. "Combining Burst Detection for Hot Topic Extraction." Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (July 2011): 1283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.1283.

Full text

Abstract:

As traditional text representations are not suitable for online dynamic streams, this paper presents a hot topic extraction technique that can be used for tracking news topics over time. The model combines individual word burst into the document-word vector representation, which can emphasize the temporally features of text streams. An energy ratio threshold based burst detection approach is proposed and TF-PDF is then combined to weigh the terms. Experiment results demonstrate that this model is effective in topic extraction for news stream and it can better improve the clustering performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Tran, Tuan Q., Peter D. Elgin, Keith S. Jones, Kimberly R. Raddatz, and Elizabeth T. Cady. "The Influence of Web-Writing Styles on Reader' Mental Text Representation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 21 (September 2005): 1841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504902105.

Full text

Abstract:

The increasingly popular avenue of web-based distance education places high demand on distance educators to format web pages that facilitate learning. Guidelines regarding appropriate writing styles for web-based distance education, however, do not currently exist. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of four different writing styles on the reader's mental representation of web text. Participants will study hypertext written in one of four web-writing styles (e.g., concise, scannable, objective, and combined) and then be given a cued association task intended to measure participants' mental representations of the studied information. It is hypothesized that the scannable and combined styles will bias readers to scan rather than elaborately read which may result in less dense mental representations relative to the objective and concise writing styles. Further, the use of more descriptors in the objective writing style will lead to better integration of ideas and more dense mental representations than the concise writing style.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

HAMMOUD, MUHSEN, JOÃO PAULO GOIS, DAUBIAN SANTOS, STEPHANIE SAMPRONHA, and CHARLES MORPHY D. SANTOS. "Building combined MRP-matrices with BuM, an automated web-tool." Zootaxa 4567, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.11.

Full text

Abstract:

The most common methods for combining different phylogenetic trees with uneven but overlapping taxon sampling are the Matrix Representation with Parsimony (MRP) and consensus tree methods. Although straightforward, some steps of MRP are time-consuming and risky when manually performed, especially the preparation of the matrix representations from the original topologies, and the creation of the single matrix containing all the information of the individual trees. Here we present Building MRP-Matrices (BuM), a free online tool for generating a combined matrix, following Baum and Ragan coding scheme, from files containing phylogenetic trees in parenthetical format.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Guidotti, Patrick. "Semiclassical fundamental solutions." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2005, no. 1 (2005): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/aaa.2005.45.

Full text

Abstract:

It is the aim of this paper to show how the classical theory, based on fundamental solutions and explicit representations, via special functions can be combined with the functional analytical approach to partial differential equations, to produce semiclassical representation formulae for the solution of equations in cylinder-like domains.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Müsch, Kathrin, Kevin Himberger, Kean Ming Tan, Taufik A. Valiante, and Christopher J. Honey. "Transformation of speech sequences in human sensorimotor circuits." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 6 (January 29, 2020): 3203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910939117.

Full text

Abstract:

After we listen to a series of words, we can silently replay them in our mind. Does this mental replay involve a reactivation of our original perceptual dynamics? We recorded electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity across the lateral cerebral cortex as people heard and then mentally rehearsed spoken sentences. For each region, we tested whether silent rehearsal of sentences involved reactivation of sentence-specific representations established during perception or transformation to a distinct representation. In sensorimotor and premotor cortex, we observed reliable and temporally precise responses to speech; these patterns transformed to distinct sentence-specific representations during mental rehearsal. In contrast, we observed less reliable and less temporally precise responses in prefrontal and temporoparietal cortex; these higher-order representations, which were sensitive to sentence semantics, were shared across perception and rehearsal of the same sentence. The mental rehearsal of natural speech involves the transformation of stimulus-locked speech representations in sensorimotor and premotor cortex, combined with diffuse reactivation of higher-order semantic representations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Andersen, Richard A. "Multimodal integration for the representation of space in the posterior parietal cortex." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1360 (October 29, 1997): 1421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0128.

Full text

Abstract:

The posterior parietal cortex has long been considered an ‘association’ area that combines information from different sensory modalities to form a cognitive representation of space. However, until recently little has been known about the neural mechanisms responsible for this important cognitive process. Recent experiments from the author's laboratory indicate that visual, somatosensory, auditory and vestibular signals are combined in areas LIP and 7a of the posterior parietal cortex.The integration of these signals can represent the locations of stimuli with respect to the observer and within the environment. Area MSTd combines visual motion signals, similar to those generated during an observer's movement through the environment, with eye–movement and vestibular signals. This integration appears to play a role in specifying the path on which the observer is moving. All three cortical areas combine different modalities into common spatial frames by using a gain–field mechanism. The spatial representations in areas LIP and 7a appear to be important for specifying the locations of targets for actions such as eye movements or reaching; the spatial representation within area MSTd appears to be important for navigation and the perceptual stability of motion signals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Fujita, Shinsaku. "Hierarchical enumeration of octahedral complexes by using combined-permutation representations." Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 56, no. 10 (June 20, 2018): 2845–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10910-018-0921-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

García-Cabeza, Belén, and Ana Sánchez-Bello. "Sex Education Representations in Spanish Combined Biology and Geology Textbooks." International Journal of Science Education 35, no. 10 (July 2013): 1725–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2013.795669.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Rodrigues, João, Roberto Lam, and Hans du Buf. "Cortical 3D Face and Object Recognition Using 2D Projections." International Journal of Creative Interfaces and Computer Graphics 3, no. 1 (January 2012): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcicg.2012010104.

Full text

Abstract:

Empirical studies concerning face recognition suggest that faces may be stored in memory by a few canonical representations. In cortical area V1 exist double-opponent colour blobs, also simple, complex and end-stopped cells which provide input for a multiscale line/edge representation, keypoints for dynamic feature routing, and saliency maps for Focus-of-Attention. All these combined allow faces to be segregated. Events of different facial views are stored in memory and combined to identify the view and recognise a face, including its expression. In this paper, the authors show that with five 2D views and their cortical representations it is possible to determine the left-right and frontal-lateral-profile views, achieving a view-invariant recognition rate of 91%. The authors also show that the same principle with eight views can be applied to 3D object recognition when they are mainly rotated about the vertical axis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Moro, Valentina, Michela Corbella, Silvio Ionta, Federico Ferrari, and Michele Scandola. "Cognitive Training Improves Disconnected Limbs’ Mental Representation and Peripersonal Space after Spinal Cord Injury." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 9589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189589.

Full text

Abstract:

Paraplegia following spinal cord injury (SCI) affects the mental representation and peripersonal space of the paralysed body parts (i.e., lower limbs). Physical rehabilitation programs can improve these aspects, but the benefits are mostly partial and short-lasting. These limits could be due to the absence of trainings focused on SCI-induced cognitive deficits combined with traditional physical rehabilitation. To test this hypothesis, we assessed in 15 SCI-individuals the effects of adding cognitive recovery protocols (motor imagery–MI) to standard physical rehabilitation programs (Motor + MI training) on mental body representations and space representations, with respect to physical rehabilitation alone (control training). Each training comprised at least eight sessions administered over two weeks. The status of participants’ mental body representation and peripersonal space was assessed at three time points: before the training (T0), after the training (T1), and in a follow-up assessment one month later (T2). The Motor + MI training induced short-term recovery of peripersonal space that however did not persist at T2. Body representation showed a slower neuroplastic recovery at T2, without differences between Motor and the Motor + MI. These results show that body and space representations are plastic after lesions, and open new rehabilitation perspectives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Pinho, Eduardo, and Carlos Costa. "Unsupervised Learning for Concept Detection in Medical Images: A Comparative Analysis." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (July 24, 2018): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081213.

Full text

Abstract:

As digital medical imaging becomes more prevalent and archives increase in size, representation learning exposes an interesting opportunity for enhanced medical decision support systems. On the other hand, medical imaging data is often scarce and short on annotations. In this paper, we present an assessment of unsupervised feature learning approaches for images in biomedical literature which can be applied to automatic biomedical concept detection. Six unsupervised representation learning methods were built, including traditional bags of visual words, autoencoders, and generative adversarial networks. Each model was trained, and their respective feature spaces evaluated using images from the ImageCLEF 2017 concept detection task. The highest mean F1 score of 0.108 was obtained using representations from an adversarial autoencoder, which increased to 0.111 when combined with the representations from the sparse denoising autoencoder. We conclude that it is possible to obtain more powerful representations with modern deep learning approaches than with previously popular computer vision methods. The possibility of semi-supervised learning as well as its use in medical information retrieval problems are the next steps to be strongly considered.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Takahashi, Masaki, Masahide Naemura, Mahito Fujii, and James J. Little. "Recognizing Human Actions in Basketball Video Sequences on the Basis of Global and Local Pairwise Representation." International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management 5, no. 3 (July 2014): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmdem.2014070102.

Full text

Abstract:

A feature-representation method for recognizing actions in sports videos on the basis of the relationship between human actions and camera motions is proposed. The method involves the following steps: First, keypoint trajectories are extracted as motion features in spatio-temporal sub-regions called “spatio-temporal multiscale bags” (STMBs). Global representations and local representations from one sub-region in the STMBs are then combined to create a “glocal pairwise representation” (GPR). The GPR considers the co-occurrence of camera motions and human actions. Finally, two-stage SVM classifiers are trained with STMB-based GPRs, and specified human actions in video sequences are identified. An experimental evaluation of the recognition accuracy of the proposed method (by using the public OSUPEL basketball video dataset and broadcast videos) demonstrated that the method can robustly detect specific human actions in both public and broadcast basketball video sequences.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Indovina, Iole, and Jerome Sanes. "Combined visual attention and finger movement effects on human brain representations." Experimental Brain Research 140, no. 3 (October 1, 2001): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210100796.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Huntley, G. W., and E. G. Jones. "Relationship of intrinsic connections to forelimb movement representations in monkey motor cortex: a correlative anatomic and physiological study." Journal of Neurophysiology 66, no. 2 (August 1, 1991): 390–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.66.2.390.

Full text

Abstract:

1. Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry were combined to examine the relationship between intrinsic connections and intracortical microstimulation sites eliciting evoked movements in the forelimb representation of adult macaque monkey motor cortex. 2. The distribution of sites from which stimulation-evoked movements about individual forelimb joints were elicited under anesthesia varied considerably among animals. Identical movements could often be elicited from multiple, noncontiguous sites. 3. After single, small extracellular HRP injections at sites from which thumb movement was evoked, small groups of retrogradely labeled cells and dense patches of axon terminations were found scattered across a wide area of the forelimb representation. Terminal patches were discontinuous and arose from horizontal, intracortical axons. 4. Correlating the HRP labeling with the physiologically defined movement maps revealed a profuse set of intrinsic, bidirectional connections that connect digit representations and representations of movements about the wrist, elbow, and shoulder. 5. HRP injections placed in the forelimb representation close to the physiologically defined face representation resulted in virtually no retrogradely labeled cells or terminal fiber labeling that crossed into the face representation. A patch of anterolaterally placed label that was present may be the dissociated rostrolateral arm area of other authors. 6. Taken together, these data suggest that extensive, horizontally oriented, intrinsic axon collaterals provide inputs to many different forelimb movement representations and may be recruited during complex movements to coordinate the activity of motor cortical zones whose predominant output is to forelimb muscle groups acting synchronously.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Schreier, Matthias. "Environment representations for automated on-road vehicles." at - Automatisierungstechnik 66, no. 2 (February 23, 2018): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2017-0104.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractOne of the key challenges of anyAutomated Driving(AD) system lies in the perception and representation of the driving environment. Data from a multitude of different information sources such as various vehicle environment sensors, external communication interfaces, and digital maps must be adequately combined to one consistentComprehensive Environment Model(CEM) that acts as a generic abstraction layer for the driving functions. This overview article summarizes and discusses different approaches in this area with a focus on metric representations of static and dynamic driving environments for on-road AD systems. Feature maps, parametric free space maps, interval maps, occupancy grid maps, elevation maps, the stixel world, multi-level surface maps, voxel grids, meshes, and raw sensor data models are presented and compared in this regard.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Kamke, Marc R., Abbey S. Nydam, Martin V. Sale, and Jason B. Mattingley. "Associative plasticity in the human motor cortex is enhanced by concurrently targeting separate muscle representations with excitatory and inhibitory protocols." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 2191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00794.2015.

Full text

Abstract:

Paired associative stimulation (PAS) induces changes in the excitability of human sensorimotor cortex that outlast the procedure. PAS typically involves repeatedly pairing stimulation of a peripheral nerve that innervates an intrinsic hand muscle with transcranial magnetic stimulation over the representation of that muscle in the primary motor cortex. Depending on the timing of the stimuli (interstimulus interval of 25 or 10 ms), PAS leads to either an increase (PAS25) or a decrease (PAS10) in excitability. Both protocols, however, have been associated with an increase in excitability of nearby muscle representations not specifically targeted by PAS. Based on these spillover effects, we hypothesized that an additive, excitability-enhancing effect of PAS25 applied to one muscle representation may be produced by simultaneously applying PAS25 or PAS10 to a nearby representation. In different experiments prototypical PAS25 targeting the left thumb representation [abductor pollicis brevis (APB)] was combined with either PAS25 or PAS10 applied to the left little finger representation [abductor digiti minimi (ADM)] or, in a control experiment, with PAS10 also targeting the APB. In an additional control experiment PAS10 targeted both representations. The plasticity effects were quantified by measuring the amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded before and after PAS. As expected, prototypical PAS25 was associated with an increase in MEP amplitude in the APB muscle. This effect was enhanced when PAS also targeted the ADM representation but only when a different interstimulus timing (PAS10) was used. These results suggest that PAS-induced plasticity is modified by concurrently targeting separate motor cortical representations with excitatory and inhibitory protocols.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Barton, Adrien, Shabnam Mousavi, and Jeffrey R. Stevens. "A statistical taxonomy and another “chance” for natural frequencies." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 3 (June 2007): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07001665.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe conclusions of Barbey & Sloman (B&S) crucially depend on evidence for different representations of statistical information. Unfortunately, a muddled distinction made among these representations calls into question the authors' conclusions. We clarify some notions of statistical representations which are often confused in the literature. These clarifications, combined with new empirical evidence, do not support a dual-process model of judgment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Ferenczi, Valentin, and Christian Rosendal. "NON-UNITARISABLE REPRESENTATIONS AND MAXIMAL SYMMETRY." Journal of the Institute of Mathematics of Jussieu 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 421–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474748015000195.

Full text

Abstract:

We investigate questions of maximal symmetry in Banach spaces and the structure of certain bounded non-unitarisable groups on Hilbert space. In particular, we provide structural information about bounded groups with an essentially unique invariant complemented subspace. This is subsequently combined with rigidity results for the unitary representation of $\text{Aut}(T)$ on $\ell _{2}(T)$, where $T$ is the countably infinite regular tree, to describe the possible bounded subgroups of $\text{GL}({\mathcal{H}})$ extending a well-known non-unitarisable representation of $\mathbb{F}_{\infty }$.As a related result, we also show that a transitive norm on a separable Banach space must be strictly convex.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Novo-Lourés, María, Reyes Pavón, Rosalía Laza, David Ruano-Ordas, and Jose R. Méndez. "Using Natural Language Preprocessing Architecture (NLPA) for Big Data Text Sources." Scientific Programming 2020 (August 1, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2390941.

Full text

Abstract:

During the last years, big data analysis has become a popular means of taking advantage of multiple (initially valueless) sources to find relevant knowledge about real domains. However, a large number of big data sources provide textual unstructured data. A proper analysis requires tools able to adequately combine big data and text-analysing techniques. Keeping this in mind, we combined a pipelining framework (BDP4J (Big Data Pipelining For Java)) with the implementation of a set of text preprocessing techniques in order to create NLPA (Natural Language Preprocessing Architecture), an extendable open-source plugin implementing preprocessing steps that can be easily combined to create a pipeline. Additionally, NLPA incorporates the possibility of generating datasets using either a classical token-based representation of data or newer synset-based datasets that would be further processed using semantic information (i.e., using ontologies). This work presents a case study of NLPA operation covering the transformation of raw heterogeneous big data into different dataset representations (synsets and tokens) and using the Weka application programming interface (API) to launch two well-known classifiers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Preston, G. B. "Monogenic inverse semigroups." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series A. Pure Mathematics and Statistics 40, no. 3 (June 1986): 321–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788700027543.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWe give a survey of some of the realisations that have been given of monogenic inverse semigroups and discuss their relation to one another. We then analyse the representations by bijections, combined under composition, of monogenic inverse semigroups, and classify these into isomorphism types. This provides a particularly easy way of classifying monogenic inverse semigroups into isomorphism types. Of interest is that we find two quite distinct representations by bijections of free monogenic inverse semigroups and show that all such representations must contain one of these two representations. We call a bijection of the form ai ↦ ai+1, i = 1,2,…, r − 1, a finite link of length r, and one of the form ai ↦ ai+1, i = 1,2…, a forward link. The inverse of a forward link we call a backward link. Two bijections u: A → B and r: C → D are said to be strongly disjoint if A ∩ C, A ∩ D, B ∩ C and B ∩ D are each empty. The two distinct representations of a free monogenic inverse semigroup, that we have just referred to, are first, such that its generator is the union of a counbtable set os finite links that are pairwise storongly disjoint part of any representation of a free monogenic inverse semigroup, the remaining part not affecting the isomorphism type. Each representation of a monogenic inverse semigroup that is not free contains a strongly disjoint part, determining it to within isomorphism, that is generated by either the strongly disjoint union of a finite link and a permutation or the strongly disjoint union of a finite and a forward link.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

MYLONAS, PH, D. VALLET, P. CASTELLS, M. FERNÁNDEZ, and Y. AVRITHIS. "Personalized information retrieval based on context and ontological knowledge." Knowledge Engineering Review 23, no. 1 (March 2008): 73–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888907001282.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractContext modeling has long been acknowledged as a key aspect in a wide variety of problem domains. In this paper we focus on the combination of contextualization and personalization methods to improve the performance of personalized information retrieval. The key aspects in our proposed approach are (1) the explicit distinction between historic user context and live user context, (2) the use of ontology-driven representations of the domain of discourse, as a common, enriched representational ground for content meaning, user interests, and contextual conditions, enabling the definition of effective means to relate the three of them, and (3) the introduction of fuzzy representations as an instrument to properly handle the uncertainty and imprecision involved in the automatic interpretation of meanings, user attention, and user wishes. Based on a formal grounding at the representational level, we propose methods for the automatic extraction of persistent semantic user preferences, and live, ad-hoc user interests, which are combined in order to improve the accuracy and reliability of personalization for retrieval.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Madej, Łukasz, Kamil Pasternak, Joanna Szyndler, and Wojciech Wajda. "Development of the Modified Cellular Automata Sphere Growth Model for Creation of the Digital Material Representations." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.489.

Full text

Abstract:

Development of reliable algorithm for generation of statistical representations of microstructure morphologies is the subject of the present work. The implemented cellular automata sphere growth model is presented first. Obtained grain size distribution of digital microstructure is compared with experimental measurements to prove efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Then, the grain growth model was additionally combined with the genetic algorithm optimization to extend its microstructure generation capabilities. Finally, possibilities of practical applications of generated digital material representation for modelling texture evolution during channel die test is presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Lewis, Mike, and Mark Steedman. "Combined Distributional and Logical Semantics." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 1 (December 2013): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00219.

Full text

Abstract:

We introduce a new approach to semantics which combines the benefits of distributional and formal logical semantics. Distributional models have been successful in modelling the meanings of content words, but logical semantics is necessary to adequately represent many function words. We follow formal semantics in mapping language to logical representations, but differ in that the relational constants used are induced by offline distributional clustering at the level of predicate-argument structure. Our clustering algorithm is highly scalable, allowing us to run on corpora the size of Gigaword. Different senses of a word are disambiguated based on their induced types. We outperform a variety of existing approaches on a wide-coverage question answering task, and demonstrate the ability to make complex multi-sentence inferences involving quantifiers on the FraCaS suite.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Wright, Beverly A. "Combined representations for frequency and duration in detection templates for expected signals." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117, no. 3 (March 2005): 1299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1855771.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Guerra, Thiago, and Itamar Borges. "Adsorption of Trinitrotoluene on a MgO(001) Surface Including Surface Relaxation Effects." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/359202.

Full text

Abstract:

A thorough investigation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) adsorption on a MgO(001) surface was carried out using density functional theory (DFT) combined with periodic boundary conditions. Four different initial orientations of the TNT molecule, adsorbed on two different representations of the MgO(001) surface, were investigated. In the first surface representation, there were two fixed layers of atoms and in the second the surface had three layers, with the uppermost fully relaxed in geometry optimizations. Electron density difference maps for each case were computed and provided a detailed picture of the interactions. The results showed a physical adsorption process for both surface representations. In the most favorable situation—TNT adsorbed on the surface with three layers—the computed adsorption energy was −9.89 kcal/mol. The importance of allowing the uppermost layer of the surface to fully relax upon molecular desorption was shown.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Bader, Uri, Christian Rosendal, and Roman Sauer. "On the cohomology of weakly almost periodic group representations." Journal of Topology and Analysis 06, no. 02 (April 9, 2014): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793525314500125.

Full text

Abstract:

We initiate a study of cohomological aspects of weakly almost periodic group representations on Banach spaces, in particular, isometric representations on reflexive Banach spaces. Using the Ryll–Nardzewski fixed point theorem, we prove a vanishing result for the restriction map (with respect to a subgroup) in the reduced cohomology of weakly periodic representations. Combined with the Alaoglu–Birkhoff decomposition theorem, this generalizes and complements theorems on continuous group cohomology by several authors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Hrast, Špela, and Vesna Ferk Savec. "INFORMATIONAL VALUE OF SUBMICROSCOPIC REPRESENTATIONS IN SLOVENIAN CHEMISTRY TEXTBOOK SETS." Journal of Baltic Science Education 16, no. 5 (October 25, 2017): 694–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/17.16.694.

Full text

Abstract:

This research focuses on the informational value of submicroscopic representations (SMRs) in chemistry textbook sets for Slovenian primary schools (Grade 8 and Grade 9, students’ age 13-15 years). For the purpose of analysis a holistic criteria related to the accompanying descriptors of SMRs in textbook sets was developed. The research revealed four main holistic descriptors accompanying SMRs, i.e. direct descriptor (D), indirect descriptor (I), combined descriptor (C), and SMRs without descriptors (W), which support learners’ recognition of SMRs’ informational value on different levels by providing different accompanying add-ons of SMRs. In-depth analysis identified 14 main categories of the underlying representational types of SMR add-ons. The significance of the research is in initiating a discussion about the holistic criteria for the description of SMRs integrated in the textbook sets, because in practice the learner perceives each SMR as a whole. Keywords: chemistry learning, chemistry textbook sets, informational value, submicroscopic representations, textbook analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Zanzotto, Fabio Massimo, Giorgio Satta, and Giordano Cristini. "CYK Parsing over Distributed Representations." Algorithms 13, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13100262.

Full text

Abstract:

Parsing is a key task in computer science, with applications in compilers, natural language processing, syntactic pattern matching, and formal language theory. With the recent development of deep learning techniques, several artificial intelligence applications, especially in natural language processing, have combined traditional parsing methods with neural networks to drive the search in the parsing space, resulting in hybrid architectures using both symbolic and distributed representations. In this article, we show that existing symbolic parsing algorithms for context-free languages can cross the border and be entirely formulated over distributed representations. To this end, we introduce a version of the traditional Cocke–Younger–Kasami (CYK) algorithm, called distributed (D)-CYK, which is entirely defined over distributed representations. D-CYK uses matrix multiplication on real number matrices of a size independent of the length of the input string. These operations are compatible with recurrent neural networks. Preliminary experiments show that D-CYK approximates the original CYK algorithm. By showing that CYK can be entirely performed on distributed representations, we open the way to the definition of recurrent layer neural networks that can process general context-free languages.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Clozel, Laurent, and Jack A. Thorne. "Level-raising and symmetric power functoriality, I." Compositio Mathematica 150, no. 5 (March 26, 2014): 729–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x13007653.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractAs the simplest case of Langlands functoriality, one expects the existence of the symmetric power $S^n(\pi )$, where $\pi $ is an automorphic representation of ${\rm GL}(2,{\mathbb{A}})$ and ${\mathbb{A}}$ denotes the adeles of a number field $F$. This should be an automorphic representation of ${\rm GL}(N,{\mathbb{A}})$ ($N=n+1)$. This is known for $n=2,3$ and $4$. In this paper we show how to deduce the general case from a recent result of J.T. on deformation theory for ‘Schur representations’, combined with expected results on level-raising, as well as another case (a particular tensor product) of Langlands functoriality. Our methods assume $F$ totally real, and the initial representation $\pi $ of classical type.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Mironov, Timur, Dmitry Andreev, Iuliia Bruttan, Lilia Motaylenko, and Elena Lineva. "ALGORITHMIC PROCEDURES FOR CONSTRUCTING ONTOLOGICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (June 17, 2021): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2021vol2.6624.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper focuses on formalized description of technologies as a category of procedural knowledge. It describes the model of ontological representation of technologies. The authors present the algorithms of staged combined design of unified decomposition constructions that enable to form decomposition structures of technologies. The article introduces the extended algorithm to construct ontological representation of technologies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

HSIEH, CHIH HSUN. "THE NATURAL OPERATIONS OF LINGUISTIC LOGIC." New Mathematics and Natural Computation 04, no. 01 (March 2008): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005708000969.

Full text

Abstract:

A linguistic truth set in which each element is a linguistic truth value is discussed. Ranking linguistic truth values based on Graded Mean Integration Representation method is discussed also. We then give a decreasing linguistic truth set and an increasing linguistic truth set by using the above ranking method, and present a Not function of linguistic truth value combined by the above decreasing linguistic truth set and the increasing linguistic truth set. A minimum function and a maximum function based on representations of linguistic truth values are introduced. In addition, some natural operations of linguistic logic combined by minimum function and maximum function, and Not function are presented. Some properties of our presented natural operations are presented, and are proved. Furthermore, some application examples of linguistic logical statements are discussed finally.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Zlatev, Jordan. "The Mimesis Hierarchy of semiotic development: Five stages of intersubjectivity in children." Public Journal of Semiotics 4, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37693/pjos.2013.4.8842.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper proposes that intersubjectivity develops in children along a progression of five, more or less distinct, stages of semiotic development. The theoretical model within which this is couched is the Mimesis Hierarchy (MH) model (Zlatev & Andrén 2009). As in previous treatments, the MH-model focuses on bodily mimesis, its ―precursors‖ (empathetic perception) and ―post-developments‖ (conventionality, language and narrative). Mimesis is pivotal since it provides the basis for the development of (i) conventions (through imitation), (ii) intentional communication, and (iii) for bringing the two together in communicative, shared representations (signs). The main difference from previous applications is in the treatment of the concepts of representation and communicative intent. Due to recent empirical findings, and a more bodily-enactive and social-oriented perspective, I propose that Stage 2 gives rise to imitation and mimetic schemas (Zlatev 2007, in press), but that the first gestures (or vocalizations) of children are neither externalizations of these "internal representations", nor fully-fledged representations/signs on their own, but action schemas bidirectionally associated with particular contexts. That would explain why the onset of intentional communication occurs in Stage 3 with pointing and other deictic gestures (such as showing), which are not representations or fully-fledged (explicit) signs, but rather performative communicative acts, accompanied with makers of communicative intent. It is first in Stage 4 that the proto-representations of Stage 2 and the communicative intent of Stage 3 are combined to give rise to communicative iconic gestures, and more generally to the "insight" of using communicative, shared representations, or what is commonly referred to as symbols or signs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Radouane, Abdelhadi, Fouad Giri, Abdessamad Naitali, and Fatima Zahra Chaoui. "Multimodel System Identification Based on New Fuzzy Partitioning Similarity Measure." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 9 (July 30, 2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.i9290.0710921.

Full text

Abstract:

The problem of identifying unstructured nonlinear systems is generally addressed on the basis of multi-model representations involving several linear local models. In the present work, local models are combined to get a global representation using incremental fuzzy clustering. The main contribution is a novel vector similarity measure defined in the System Working Space (SWS) that combines the angular deviation and the usual Euclidean distance. Such a combination makes the new metric highly discriminating leading to a better partitioning of the operating space providing, thereby, a higher accuracy of the model. The developed partitioning method is first evaluated by performing linear local model (LLM) based identification of a academic benchmark multivariable nonlinear system. Then, the performances of the identification method are evaluated using experimental tropospheric ozone data. These evaluations illustrate the supremacy of the new method over the standard Euclidian-distance based partitioning approach.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Chan, T. M., K. S. Leung, and K. H. Lee. "TFBS identification based on genetic algorithm with combined representations and adaptive post-processing." Bioinformatics 24, no. 3 (December 6, 2007): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm606.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Sun, Daiwen, and Xinqi Gong. "Tetramer protein complex interface residue pairs prediction with LSTM combined with graph representations." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics 1868, no. 11 (November 2020): 140504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140504.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Bachmayr, Markus, and Vladimir Kazeev. "Stability of Low-Rank Tensor Representations and Structured Multilevel Preconditioning for Elliptic PDEs." Foundations of Computational Mathematics 20, no. 5 (January 23, 2020): 1175–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10208-020-09446-z.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Folding grid value vectors of size $$2^L$$ 2 L into Lth-order tensors of mode size $$2\times \cdots \times 2$$ 2 × ⋯ × 2 , combined with low-rank representation in the tensor train format, has been shown to result in highly efficient approximations for various classes of functions. These include solutions of elliptic PDEs on nonsmooth domains or with oscillatory data. This tensor-structured approach is attractive because it leads to highly compressed, adaptive approximations based on simple discretizations. Standard choices of the underlying bases, such as piecewise multilinear finite elements on uniform tensor product grids, entail the well-known matrix ill-conditioning of discrete operators. We demonstrate that, for low-rank representations, the use of tensor structure itself additionally introduces representation ill-conditioning, a new effect specific to computations in tensor networks. We analyze the tensor structure of a BPX preconditioner for a second-order linear elliptic operator and construct an explicit tensor-structured representation of the preconditioner, with ranks independent of the number L of discretization levels. The straightforward application of the preconditioner yields discrete operators whose matrix conditioning is uniform with respect to the discretization parameter, but in decompositions that suffer from representation ill-conditioning. By additionally eliminating certain redundancies in the representations of the preconditioned discrete operators, we obtain reduced-rank decompositions that are free of both matrix and representation ill-conditioning. For an iterative solver based on soft thresholding of low-rank tensors, we obtain convergence and complexity estimates and demonstrate its reliability and efficiency for discretizations with up to $$2^{50}$$ 2 50 nodes in each dimension.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Cheng, Xiaohan, Aiming Wang, Zongwu Li, Long Yuan, and Yajing Xiao. "An Enhanced Version of Second-Order Synchrosqueezing Transform Combined with Time-Frequency Image Texture Features to Detect Faults in Bearings." Shock and Vibration 2021 (April 26, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5589825.

Full text

Abstract:

Signals with multiple components and fast-varying instantaneous frequencies reduce the readability of the time-frequency representations obtained by traditional synchrosqueezing transforms due to time-frequency blurring. We discussed a vertical synchrosqueezing transform, which is a second-order synchrosqueezing transform based on the short-time Fourier transform and compared it to the traditional short-time Fourier transform, synchrosqueezing transform, and another form of the second-order synchrosqueezing transform, the oblique synchrosqueezing transform. The quality of the time-frequency representation and the accuracy of mode reconstruction were compared through simulations and experiments. Results reveal that the second-order frequency estimator of the vertical synchrosqueezing transform could obtain accurate estimates of the instantaneous frequency and achieve highly energy-concentrated time-frequency representations for multicomponent and fast-varying signals. We also explored the application of statistical feature parameters of time-frequency image textures for the early fault diagnosis of roller bearings under fast-varying working conditions, both with and without noise. Experiments showed that there was no direct positive correlation between the resolution of the time-frequency images and the accuracy of fault diagnosis. However, the early fault diagnosis of roller bearings based on statistical texture features of high-resolution images obtained by the vertical synchrosqueezing transform was shown to have high accuracy and strong robustness to noise, thus meeting the demand for intelligent fault diagnosis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Plewa, Markus, Gernot Kaiser, and Evi Hartmann. "Is quality still free?" International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 33, no. 9 (October 3, 2016): 1270–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-11-2014-0189.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence for competing representations of the prevention-appraisal-failure model of quality cost. Design/methodology/approach The authors conduct regression analysis on a secondary data set to reveal relationships among total cost of quality, its components and overall quality performance. Findings Total cost of quality and its failure cost component are significantly lower at higher levels of quality, while the prevention and appraisal cost components are not observed to be significantly higher at higher levels of quality. The authors propose a modification to the modern representation of the prevention-appraisal-failure model. Practical implications In manufacturing, ever higher levels of quality are associated with significantly lower quality cost. Originality/value Using a large, unique data set for secondary analysis, combined with employing a high-level measure for overall quality performance, the authors provide evidence for the aggregate explanatory power of prevalent representations of the prevention-appraisal-failure cost of quality model.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Rolls, Edmund T. "Brain mechanisms underlying flavour and appetite." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1471 (June 15, 2006): 1123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1852.

Full text

Abstract:

Complementary neurophysiological recordings in macaques and functional neuroimaging in humans show that the primary taste cortex in the rostral insula and adjoining frontal operculum provides separate and combined representations of the taste, temperature and texture (including viscosity and fat texture) of food in the mouth independently of hunger and thus of reward value and pleasantness. One synapse on, in the orbitofrontal cortex, these sensory inputs are for some neurons combined by learning with olfactory and visual inputs. Different neurons respond to different combinations, providing a rich representation of the sensory properties of food. In the orbitofrontal cortex, feeding to satiety with one food decreases the responses of these neurons to that food, but not to other foods, showing that sensory-specific satiety is computed in the primate (including human) orbitofrontal cortex. Consistently, activation of parts of the human orbitofrontal cortex correlates with subjective ratings of the pleasantness of the taste and smell of food. Cognitive factors, such as a word label presented with an odour, influence the pleasantness of the odour and the activation produced by the odour in the orbitofrontal cortex. These findings provide a basis for understanding how what is in the mouth is represented by independent information channels in the brain; how the information from these channels is combined; and how and where the reward and subjective affective value of food is represented and is influenced by satiety signals. Activation of these representations in the orbitofrontal cortex may provide the goal for eating, and understanding them helps to provide a basis for understanding appetite and its disorders.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Nguyen, Duoc Tan, A. J. H. M. Reniers, and Dano Roelvink. "Relationship between Three-Dimensional Radiation Stress and Vortex-Force Representations." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 8 (July 22, 2021): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080791.

Full text

Abstract:

In numerical ocean models, the effect of waves on currents is usually expressed by either vortex-force or radiation stress representations. In this paper, the differences and similarities between those two representations are investigated in detail in conditions of both conservative and nonconservative waves. In addition, comparisons between different sets of equations of mean motion that apply different representations of wave-induced forcing terms are included. The comparisons are useful for selecting a suitable numerical ocean model to simulate the mean current in conditions of waves combined with currents.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Zhang, Qingzhi, Panfeng Wu, Xiaohui Du, Hualiang Sun, and Lijia Yu. "Rehabilitation recognition skeleton data depth learning based on RNN." MATEC Web of Conferences 277 (2019): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927702007.

Full text

Abstract:

With the extensive application of deep learning in the field of human rehabilitation, skeleton based rehabilitation recognition is becoming more and more concerned with large-scale bone data sets. The key factor of this task is the two intra frame representations of the combined co-and the inter-frame. In this paper, an inter frame representation method based on RNN is proposed. Pointtion of each joint is joint-coded they are assembled into semantic both spatial and temporal domains.we introduce a global spatial aggregation which is able to learn superior joint co features over local aggregation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Combined representations'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles