Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Combined Physical and Cognitive Training'
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Joubert, Clemence. "Impacts des entraînements cognitifs sur la cognition chez les adultes âgés : quel avantage de l'entraînement combiné ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2101/document.
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Notre société occidentale fait face actuellement à une hausse de l’espérance de vie, ce qui amène à un vieillissement de la population. Malgré les avancées médicales, il s’opère une dégradation des fonctions cognitives et des capacités physiques, responsable d’une baisse de la qualité de vie et de la perte d’autonomie. De plus, le nombre de pathologies dégénératives, dont le premier facteur de risque est l’âge, ne cesse d’augmenter. A l’heure actuelle, il n’existe encore aucun moyen pharmacologique permettant de contrer efficacement le déclin cognitif et physique lié à l’âge. Ainsi, l’objectif de ce travail de thèse était de tester l’impact de méthodes non-pharmacologiques sur la cognition, particulièrement au niveau de la mémoire de travail et des fonctions exécutives, la qualité de vie, et l’autonomie. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur les entraînements cognitifs et physiques, en émettant l’hypothèse principale qu’une combinaison de ces deux sphères au sein d’un même entraînement serait plus efficace qu’un entraînement seul (i.e. cognitif ou physique) dans la mesure où ils engendreraient des bénéfices différents mais complémentaires. Ce travail de thèse s’organise donc autour de trois études : l’Etude 1, qui a pour but d’investiguer l’impact d’un entraînement cognitif simple comparé à un entraînement combiné cognitif-et-physique sur la cognition ; l’Etude 2, qui compare l’impact de ces deux mêmes entraînements mais cette fois à un niveau fonctionnel cérébral ; l’Etude 3 qui investigue l’impact d’une prise en charge multidimensionnelle dans la maladie d’Alzheimer. Les résultats de ce travail de thèse nous montrent, en ce qui concerne le vieillissement normal, des bénéfices des deux types d’entraînement au niveau comportemental, en termes de transfert et de maintien à long-terme. En revanche, si l’entraînement combiné a engendré un transfert plus important, l’entraînement cognitif seul produit un meilleur maintien des bénéfices dans le temps. Par rapport au niveau fonctionnel cérébral, des bénéfices ont été montrés sur la composante P100, qui reflète le recrutement attentionnel uniquement pour le groupe d’entraînement cognitif seul. Ensuite, nous avons observé des bénéfices dans le vieillissement pathologique au niveau de la cognition. Pour conclure, ce travail de thèse nous a permis de montrer des effets bénéfiques des entraînements cognitifs et/ou physiques dans le vieillissement normal et pathologique, même si à l’heure actuelle nous ne pouvons pas conclure par une supériorité de l’entraînement combiné comparé à un entraînement cognitifOur western society is currently facing an increase in life expectancy, which is leading to a growing aging population. Despite medical advances, there is a deterioration of cognitive functions and physical abilities, which is responsible for a decline in life quality and a loss of autonomy. In addition, the number of neurodegenerative diseases, whose first risk factor is age, is increasing. Today, there is no pharmacological means to effectively counter agerelated cognitive and physical decline. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to test the impact of non-pharmacological methods on cognition, particularly on working memory and executive functions, quality of life, and autonomy. We focused on cognitive and physical training, with the main hypothesis that a combination of these two aspects within the same training would be more effective than a single workout (ie cognitive or physical) insofar as they would generate different but complementary benefits. This thesis work is organized around three studies : Study 1, which aims to investigate the impact of a simple cognitive training compared to a combined cognitive-and-physical training on cognition ; Study 2, which compares the impact of these two same trainings but this time at a cerebral functional level ; Study 3 which investigates the impact of multidimensional intervention in Alzheimer's disease. The results of this thesis work showed, with regard to normal aging, the benefits of both types of training at the behavioral level, in terms of transfer and long-term maintenance. On the other hand, if combined training has resulted in greater transfer, cognitive training alone produces better benefits maintenance over time. Relative to brain function level, benefits were shown on the P100 component, which reflects attentional recruitment solely for the cognitive training group alone. Then, we observed benefits in pathological aging at the level of cognition. To conclude, this thesis work allowed us to show the beneficial effects of cognitive and / or physical training in normal and pathological aging, even if at present we cannot conclude for the superiority of combined training compared to cognitive training
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Revell, Emily. "Combined cognitive remediation and social cognition training in first episode psychosis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/combined-cognitive-remediation-and-social-cognition-training-in-first-episode-psychosis(a309c184-9478-4763-b2a2-2547463e08da).html.
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Introduction: Impaired neurocognition, especially social cognition, predicts disability in schizophrenia. Early intervention to target impairment is theoretically attractive as a means to minimise chronic disability. Many trials confirm that Cognitive Remediation (CR) produces meaningful, durable improvements in cognition and functioning but few interventions remediate social cognition or focus on the early stages of schizophrenia. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of CR in first episode psychosis (FEP) was completed. A randomised controlled pilot trial was then conducted to investigate a combined CR and social cognition training (CR+SCT) intervention in FEP compared to CR alone, assessing cognition, functioning and symptoms at baseline and follow-up. Qualitative feedback was also obtained in a nested feasibility and acceptability study to assess engagement, intervention suitability and attrition. Results: In the systematic review and meta-analysis, random effects models revealed a non-significant effect of CR on global cognition in FEP. However, there was a significant effect on functioning and symptoms, which was larger in trials with adjunctive psychiatric rehabilitation and small group interventions. In the pilot trial, the CR+SCT group had significantly better social functioning scores post-treatment, especially on the interpersonal relationships scale, however there was no significant effect on social cognition. CR+SCT also improved visual learning and set-shifting. There was no specific effect on symptoms. The nested feasibility and acceptability study found CR and CR+SCT to be acceptable and feasible for early intervention in psychosis service users, with high engagement rates and high user-reported satisfaction. Users perceived improvements in neurocognition and reported using strategies learnt during CR in daily life. Conclusions: Meta-analysis suggests that CR is beneficial in FEP. Evidence from the pilot trial shows that a CR intervention enhanced with SCT can improve functioning more than CR alone and that such an intervention is feasible and acceptable. A larger RCT is required to explore the full benefits of a CR+SCT intervention compared to CR and treatment as usual.
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Cumming, Jennifer L. "The cognitive and motivational effects of imagery training from different visual perspectives." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0004/MQ45211.pdf.
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Hall, Courtney D., M. Sesay, and K. Echt. "Cognitive Training and Motor Dual-Task Ability in Older Adults: A Preliminary Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2705.
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Fissler, Patrick [Verfasser]. "Healthy cognitive aging through cognitive training, physical exercise, and leisure activities : from theory to new interventions / Patrick Fissler." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1166757439/34.
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Hortz, Brian Vincent. "Evaluation of a social cognitive theory based physical activity intervention targeting leisure time physical exercise." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1123087047.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 339 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 305-315). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Sailor, Scott Ray. "Defining non-cognitive behaviors perceived to interfere with success of athletic training students /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of California, Davis, 2004.Joint doctoral program with California State University, Fresno. Degree granted in Educational Leadership. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses)
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Hutchison, Sara. "Physical and cognitive training in old age : intervention effects on cognition and well-being /." Bern : [s.n.], 2008. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Cervant, Bryan, Erica Haker, Shaila Jiwa, Rhonda Jori, April Pemble, and Janice Eng. "Effectiveness of Combined Vestibular Rehabilitation & Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Dizziness." Irving K. Barber Learning Centre, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/92.
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Recorded by Eugene Barsky, Physiotherapy Outreach Librarian, UBCThis is a Systematic Review Presentation titled - "Effectiveness of Combined Vestibular Rehabilitation & Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Dizziness", created by Master of Physical Therapy Graduating Students, University of British Columbia - 2006, Presented on September 14-15, 2006 , Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Clifford, Angela. "Physical activity and cognition in the elderly." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12494.
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Dementia is a common cause of disability in the elderly and, in the absence of a successful long-term treatment, it is important to investigate possible lifestyle interventions to help reduce an individual s risk of developing the condition. This thesis investigated the relationship between physical activity and dementia risk, finding that not all research supports the link. The literature review presented in this thesis (Chapter 2) highlighted several possible mediating factors, specifically the type of physical activity performed, the cognitive domains being studied and participant characteristics. Women seemed most susceptible to the effect of physical activity and some other forms of midlife interventions, possible mechanisms for which were discussed in another review (Appendix A). The cognitive test battery to be used in later studies was evaluated for its relevance to dementia and treatment during a 6-month study of Alzheimer's disease patients and their carers (Chapter 3). Memory tasks were found to be especially sensitive to clinical outcomes of dementia treatment (Chapter 4). An observational study of Indonesian elderly found a positive relationship between physical activity and memory performance on the same tests. This effect was strongest in women and in those with no pre-existing cognitive impairment (Chapter 5). However, the relationship could be further modified by other demographic factors, such as education. Health was independently affected in this model by exercise and its association with engaging in physical activity in this cohort was further investigated in Chapter 6. A randomised controlled trial (Chapter 7) was conducted to assess the effect of a 12-week programme of non-aerobic physical activity in sedentary middle-aged adults. Results indicated that resistance training, but not flexibility exercises, influenced memory but not executive function. Overall, this thesis suggests that several types of physical activity may be effective at slowing cognitive decline in elderly groups who are at increased risk of dementia, such as those in middle age and elderly women (Chapter 8). These findings should be expanded with the aim to improve healthcare advice and influence policy-making.
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Hurst, Christopher. "Combined exercise training in older adults : application of a hydraulic resistance machine for multicomponent fitness improvement." Thesis, Teesside University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/621728.
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Ageing is associated with declines in cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness; yet for older adults the ability to perform the basic tasks of daily living is partly dependent on upperand lower-body fitness. Exercise training is an effective approach to counteract these age associated declines, with combined exercise training and high-intensity interval training (HIT) capable of eliciting improvements in cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness simultaneously. Recently, a new hydraulic resistance exercise machine (Speedflex) has been developed with potential to be a viable training mode for older adults allowing users to perform high speed movements with upper- and lower-body muscles. Accordingly, the aim of this thesis was to evaluate the potential effectiveness of Speedflex as a training strategy in older adults. Initially, this work sought to determine the feasibility of performing exercise training using Speedflex in older adults by quantifying the acute training responses to 1) HIT and 2) strength training and comparing these against criterion exercise modes. Here, the observed physiological and perceptual responses demonstrated that Speedflex is a feasible mode of exercise training in older adults, capable of inducing a high-intensity training stimulus. Following this, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to quantify the effects of same-session combined exercise training in older adults with results demonstrating possibly small to possibly large beneficial effects on measures of fitness. As muscle power appears to be a critical determinant of physical functioning in older adults, chapter five evaluated the reliability of the Nottingham leg extensor power rig, finding it to be reliable both short- and long-term, thereby confirming its suitability as a primary outcome measure for the final study and providing data for sample size estimation. Finally, chapter six evaluated the effects of a 12-week combined upper- and lower-body HIT intervention using Speedflex on physical fitness in older adults. Clear beneficial improvements were observed for participants in the intervention group compared to those in the control group for maximal oxygen uptake (~8%), muscle power (~10%) and muscle strength (~6%). The findings presented in this thesis demonstrate that both same-session combined training and HIT performed using Speedflex are capable of simultaneously improving cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in older adults.
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Burtt, Jonathan. "Pedagogy in performance: An investigation into decision training as a cognitive approach to circus training." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1778.
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This research project represents the first formal research conducted into the potential application of Decision Training in an elite circus arts school environment. The research examines the effects of the introduction of Decision Training—a training model developed for sports applications—into the elite circus arts training program at the National Circus School (NCS), a key circus arts school in one of the world’s most vital circus domains, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Decision Training, a cognitive-based training model, has been shown through extensive sports-based research to support the development of decision-making ability and self-regulatory learning behaviour, both of which are fundamental for the long-term retention and application of physical skills. A key research aim was to investigate whether Decision Training had the potential to enhance existing teaching practice at the NCS.
This research investigates how this cognitive training model—developed for use in the world of competitive sports—functions in a performing arts context in which not only physical and technical skills are trained, but also elements connected with performance, such as aesthetic expression and the creation and development of new performance material.
A qualitative action research methodology was employed, consisting of three reflection–action cycles with three case studies of student–teacher pairings. Data collection took place over an extended training period at the NCS from November 2011 to April 2012. Observation, interviews with teachers and students, and group discussions were used to collect data and to provide the impetus for the Decision Training interventions for the three action research cycles.
This qualitative study reveals how teachers implemented the three-step Decision Training model and how students responded to these teaching interventions. This was done through an action research process investigating the lived experiences of the participants involved in each case study. The research findings indicate that incorporating a cognitive training method such as Decision Training into circus pedagogy has the potential benefit of giving students the means of acquiring important skills such as effective decision making in performance situations, and self-regulatory behaviour such as the ability to effectively self-assess their performance. Teachers have the potential to benefit by not having to be the sole providers of feedback or motivation, allowing the rapport between student and teacher to become collaborative and creative. The research findings show that the effectiveness of the Decision Training interventions was influenced by the different learning and teaching backgrounds and styles of the student–teacher pairings, and the different ways in which the teachers integrated Decision Training into their existing teaching practices.
The research findings led to the proposal of an “integrated” pedagogical approach based on a combination of Decision Training and direct teaching. This “integrated” pedagogy would enable a teacher to use the cognitivist, student-centred learning approach of Decision Training to develop self-regulation and effective decision making in students, but switch to aspects of direct teaching at appropriate times: for instance, when a student needs to be directly aware of safety issues or has little foundational knowledge in a circus discipline; in the lead-up to a performance showing; or during the period in which a student is adjusting to the new cognitivist learning and teaching environment.
Recommendations are made for the gradual phasing in of Decision Training into the main training program at the NCS, and implications for future research are discussed.
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Nicholls, Jacqueline Anne. "A cognitive model to support the design of training for physical tasks for enhanced knowledge transfer : the case of manual handling training." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264658.
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Cook, Benjamin G. "Virtual 4-week Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training Intervention Impact on Physical Performance in Women Ages 20-29 Years Old." Ohio Dominican University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oduhonors162006390693786.
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Grassmann, Viviane [UNIFESP]. "Os efeitos do treinamento fisico combinado sobre as funções cognitivas de idosos saudáveis." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9890.
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Publico-061.pdf: 1435875 bytes, checksum: 1afa77ce414913258d6fac6e89cdb379 (MD5)Entre as alterações inerentes ao envelhecimento pode-se observar o surgimento do declínio cognitivo. Contudo, uma vida saudável com a prática de exercícios físicos parece gerar um efeito protetor contra o declínio cognitivo nos idosos. Segundo a literatura, tanto os exercícios aeróbios quanto os resistidos, quando praticados isoladamente, parecem beneficiar a cognição. Contudo, ainda não foi descrito se a combinação de ambas as modalidades acarretaria o mesmo beneficio. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os efeitos que o treinamento combinado traria para a função cognitiva de idosos saudáveis. Foram selecionados trinta e três idosos saudáveis que foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: o Controle (N = 17) e o Combinado (N = 16). O grupo controle foi orientado a manter as suas atividades habituais, e o combinado participou de um programa de treinamento composto por exercícios físicos aeróbio e resistido, três vezes por semana, em dias alternados, por um período de seis meses. Os idosos, no início e ao final do protocolo, foram submetidos a avaliações físicas (ergoespirometria e teste de 1 Repetição Máxima - 1RM), cognitivas (por meio de medidas neuropsicológicas e neurofisiológicas), de humor, e de qualidade de vida, e também a análises sangüíneas (Fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina - IGF-1- e viscosidade do sangue). Os resultados demonstraram que nas avaliações físicas, tanto no consumo de oxigênio (p=0,01) quanto na 1RM (p=0,001), o grupo experimental, após o treinamento, apresentou uma diferença significativa em relação ao grupo controle. As variáveis relativas à composição corporal também tiveram diferenças significativas após a intervenção, ocorrendo uma diminuição da massa de gordura (p=0,016) e um aumento da massa livre de gordura (p=0,016). Além disso, no mesmo tipo de comparação, o grupo combinado, após um período de seis meses, apresentou um melhor desempenho nos seguintes testes: Figura Complexa de Rey e Taylor (p=0,01); Toulouse, no qual obtiveram um percentil maior na qualidade (p=0,045); Semelhanças (p=0,003); e Soma de todas das tentativas no teste de Pares Verbais Associados (p=0,043). Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas nas demais análises. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que o treinamento físico combinado foi capaz de aumentar a força e a capacidade aeróbia de idosos saudáveis, tendo ocorrido também uma melhora na habilidade de abstração, no controle inibitório, na memória de curto prazo e na aprendizagem,
Among the changes associated with aging there is a cognitive decline. However, a healthy life style, such as physical exercise seems to generate a protective effect against this cognitive decline. The literature has shown that both aerobic and the resistance exercise, when practiced in isolation seem to result in benefits to cognition. Yet it is not described if the combination of both methods would result in the same benefit. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combined training on cognitive function in health elderly. Were select thirty-three elderly subjects who were randomly divided into two groups: Control (N = 17) and Combined (N = 16). The control group was instructed to maintain their usual activities and the combined group participated in a training program composed by aerobic and resistance exercise, three times per week on alternate days for a period of six months. Both groups underwent a physical assessment (spirometry and testing of 1 Repetition Maximum - 1RM), cognitive (through neurophysiological and neuropsychological measures), mood, quality of life and blood tests (Insulin-like growth factors type 1- IGF-1 - and blood viscosity) at the beginning and the end of the protocol. The results showed that in the physical assessments, both oxygen consumption (p = 0.01) and 1RM (p = 0.001), the experimental group after training showed a significant difference when compared to the control group. The variables relating to body composition also showed significant differences after the intervention, causing a decrease in fat mass (p = 0.016) and an increase in fat-free mass (p = 0.016). Moreover, the same type of comparison, the combined group, after a period of six months, performed better in the following tests: Rey Complex Figure and Taylor (p = 0.01); Toulouse, which obtained a percentile in the quality (p = 0.045); Similarities (p = 0.003); and Sum of all the attempts to test Verbal Associated Pairs (p = 0.043). There were no statistical differences in the other analysis. Thus, the conclusion is that the combined training can increase both strength and aerobic capacity in healthy elderlies, affecting an improvement in the ability of abstraction, inhibitory control, short-term memory and learning regardless of serum IGF-1 and blood viscosity.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
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del, Hoyo Soriano Laura. "Epigallocatechin-3-gallate combined with cognitive training in young adults with Down syndrome Phase II clinical trial: Important considerations for treatment- efficacy evaluation on cognitive and functional improvement." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/393993.
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Introducción: El síndrome de Down es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo causado por la trisomía 21 que conduce a una serie de déficits cognitivos y funcionales, un alto riesgo de desarrollo precoz de la enfermedad de Alzheimer y deterioro cognitivo en edades tempranas. Debido a un aumento de la esperanza de vida en el síndrome de Down y a la gran variabilidad a nivel cognitivo existente en esta población, es imprescindible evaluar que posibles factores explicarían estas diferencias. Este conocimiento contribuirá a un diseño más eficiente de aquellos ensayos clínicos que tienen por objetivo evaluar la eficacia de nuevas terapias para la mejora cognitiva y funcional en el síndrome de Down.
Objetivos y métodos: Con el fin de detectar posibles factores de confusión en los ensayos clínicos que evalúan las mejoras cognitivas y funcionales asociadas a un nuevo tratamiento en el síndrome de Down, se llevaron a cabo cuatro estudios transversales. Evaluamos la interacción entre biomarcadores (bioquímicos y genéticos), factores del sueño (la calidad del sueño, apnea y roncopatía), el rendimiento cognitivo (la velocidad psicomotora, atención, memoria, función ejecutiva, y el lenguaje) y estado funcional (la conducta adaptativa, la calidad de vida y síntomas tempranos de demencia). Se evaluaron los siguientes biomarcadores: Estudio 1: biomarcadores de amiloidosis (Aß40 y Aß42), Estudio 2: biomarcadores de la función tiroidea (concentraciones de hormona estimulante tiroidea, tiroxina libre y la dosis de T-tiroxina), Estudio 3: el polimorfismo Val158Met de la COMT, y el polimorfismo VNTR de la DAT1 y Estudio 4: el polimorfismo de 5 -HTTLPR.
Resultados: En el Estudio 1, una fluencia semántica más pobre, peores habilidades comunicativas y un mayor índice de síntomas tempranos de demencia se asociaron con mayores concentraciones de Aß42 en plasma. En el Estudio 2 se observó que las concentraciones más altas de tiroxina libre (controlando la dosis de L-tiroxina) fueron parcialmente correlacionadas con un mejor rendimiento en memoria, función ejecutiva y atención. Además el hipotiroidismo se asoció con una peor memoria visuoespacial. El Estudio 3 mostró que los portadores del alelo Met de COMTVal158Met y los homocigotos del alelo 10 de VNTR-DAT1 tienen una mejor flexibilidad mental. Los portadores del alelo Met mostraron un comportamiento adaptativo más pobre y un mayor índice de síntomas sociales tempranos de demencia que los homocigotos del alelo Val. Finalmente en el Estudio 4 se observó que una peor calidad de sueño se asoció a los homocigotos del alelo corto de 5-HTTLPR. Con respecto al rendimiento cognitivo, la mala calidad del sueño y la apnea se asociaron a una peor memoria visual. Además la apnea y el ronquido se asociaron con una peor conducta adaptativa, mientras que únicamente la presencia de ronquidos se asoció a un mayor índice de síntomas tempranos de demencia y una mayor proporción Aß42 / Aß40 en plasma. 5-HTTLPR no se asoció con aspectos cognitivos o funcionales.
Conclusiones: Las concentraciones plasmáticas de Aß y de tiroxina libre, la dosis de L-tiroxina, la calidad del sueño, la presencia de apnea y ronquidos y los polimorfismos genéticos de la dopamina (COMTVal158Met y VNTR-DAT) son factores de interferencia con el fenotipo cognitivo, conductual y funcional del síndrome de Down. El polimorfismo genético de la serotonina 5-HTTLPR únicamente interfiere en la calidad de sueño de esta población. Por lo tanto, estos factores que explican parte de la variabilidad fenotípica deben considerarse en la visita inicial de todo ensayo clínico que evalúe la eficacia de nuevas terapias para la mejora cognitiva, conductual y /o funcional. Este conocimiento nos permitirá balancear los factores asociados con la variabilidad fenotípica entre grupos de tratamiento para no comprometer la evaluación de la eficacia terapéutica.Introduction: Down syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by trisomy 21, which leads to cognitive and functional deficits, high risk for of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment at early ages. Due to the increased life expectancy and the existing large cognitive and functional variability in Down syndrome, it is essential to assess possible factors explaining these differences. This knowledge will contribute to a more efficient design of those clinical trials that aim to evaluate the efficacy of new therapies for cognitive and functional improvement in Down syndrome. Objectives and methods: In order to detect possible confounding factors in the assessment of cognitive and functional improvements in Down syndrome treatment-efficacy clinical trials, four original research cross-sectional studies were performed. We evaluate the interaction between biomarkers (biochemical and genetic) and sleep factors (sleep quality, apnea and snoring disorders), cognitive performance (psychomotor speed, attention, memory, executive function, and language) and functional state (adaptive behavior, quality of life, early symptoms of dementia). The following biomarkers were evaluated: Study 1: amyloidosis biomarkers (Aβ40 and Aβ42), Study2: thyroid function biomarkers (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, free thyroxine and T-thyroxine dosage), Study 3: COMTVal158Met, VNTR-DAT1 polymorphisms and Study 4: 5-HTTLPR polymorphism. Results: In Study 1, poorer semantic verbal fluency strategies, communication skills and a higher rate of early symptoms of dementia were associated with higher plasma Aβ42 concentrations. In Study 2 we observed that higher concentrations of free thyroxine (controlling for L-thyroxine dosage) were partially correlated with a better performance in memory, executive function and attentional span. Hypothyroidism diagnosis was associated to a poorer visuospatial memory. Study 3 showed that COMTVal158Met Met allele carriers and VNTR-DAT1 10-repeat allele homozygotes displayed an improved mental flexibility. Met allele carriers showed poorer adaptive behavior and a higher rate in early social symptoms of dementia than Val allele homozygotes. Finally in Study 4, we observed that a poorer quality of sleep was associated to 5-HTTLPR Short-allele homozygotes. Regarding cognitive performance, poor sleep quality and apnea were both associated to worse visual memory skills. Furthermore apnea and snoring were associated to a lower performance in adaptive behavior, while only snoring was associated to a higher rate of early dementia symptoms and a higher Aβ42/ Aβ40 ratio in plasma. The 5-HTTLPR was neither associated to cognition, adaptive behavior nor early dementia symptoms. Conclusions: Plasma Aβ concentrations, plasma free thyroxine concentrations, L-thyroxine dosage, sleep quality, apnea and snoring diagnosis and genetic polymorphisms of the dopamine (COMTVal158Met and VNTR-DAT) neurotransmission system are factors of interference with the cognitive, behavioral and functional DS phenotype. Finally, the genetic polymorphism of the serotonin (5-HTTLPR) neurotransmission system does not interfere with cognitive or behavioral aspects, but it does with sleep quality in this population. Thus, these factors, which explain part of the phenotype variability, need to be assessed in the screening visit in the context of a drug-efficacy clinical trial for cognitive, behavioral and/or functional enhancement. In addition, it is recommended to balance those factors associated with phenotype variability across groups of treatment leading to a proper efficacy assessment.
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Porter, Shaun. "Exploration and identification of neural correlates in healthy young adults during a graded cognitive, physical, and combined task : an EEG study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60697.
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Returning to play following a sports related concussion remains a controversial process due to the emphasis placed on subjective symptom reporting. The development of an objective measure capable of assessing cortical recovery remains elusive, however EEG has shown promise with its ability to record during exercise. The objective of this pilot study was to examine the association between EEG metrics and behavioural changes in healthy young adults.
The study involved 13 participants who performed a novel graded working memory task, a graded exercise session and a task combining the two together while EEG was recorded over 3 separate sessions. The tasks consisted of 5 levels of increasing difficulty and each participant performed the tasks in a randomized order. Participant heart rate, perceived exertion and accuracy were recorded between levels and tasks. EEG analysis applied power spectrum analysis and graph theoretical analysis to identify cortical activity and cortical networks changes.
When graded exercise and cognition were combined, there was a significant change in behaviour and neural activity compared to when each task was completed individually. The combined task led to significant changes in brain and behavior as seen in EEG activation pattern, power output and frontal functional connectivity measures.
These results suggest that following sports-related concussion individuals would require increased neural resources to complete a combined cognitive and exercise task. Following injury, these additional resources may not be available and result in a decrease in task performance. This data has the potential to be used in addition to existing concussion recovery tests in assuring full recovery prior to the return to play.Medicine, Faculty of
Graduate
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Stevens, Emily Claire. "Evaluation of a social cognitive theory-based adolescent physical activity intervention Plan for exercise, plan for health /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1158096089.
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Murray, Lynda. "The effects of combined creatine monohydrate supplementation and physical training on body composition and muscular function in patients with inflammatory myopathies." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/677.
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Pienaar, Cindy. "Effect of a combined rugby conditioning and plyometric training program on selected physical and anthropometric components of university-level rugby players / Cindy Pienaar." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4489.
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Plyometrics is a specialized, high-intensity training technique for the improvement of power and performances among athletes primarily participating in dynamic, explosive type of team sports such as rugby league and soccer. In spite of the power requirements of rugby union, no studies to date have attempted to determine the possible benefits of a combined rugby conditioning and plyometric training program on the anthropometric, physical and motor performance components of rugby union players. Seen against this background, the objectives of this study were firstly, to determine the effects of a four-week combined rugby conditioning and plyometric training program on selected physical and motor performance components of university-level rugby players compared to the effects of a rugby conditioning training program alone, and secondly, to determine the comparative effects of these programs on the anthropometric components of university-level rugby players.
Thirty-five (18,94 ± 0,40 years) u/19 rugby players of the North-West University participated in the study. Subjects performed a battery of five physical and motor performance tests, and twenty-six direct and indirect anthropometric measurements were taken prior to and following a four-week combined rugby conditioning and plyometric training program (experimental group) and a non-plyometric training program (control group). Firstly, the descriptive statistics of each test variable were calculated. Next, dependent /-tests were performed to reveal the significant changes between pre and post-test results, after which the independent /-test values were calculated to determine the significance of pre and post-test changes between the control and experimental group. The level of significance was set at p < 0,05. Lastly, the effect size (ES) values were calculated for all of the pre and post-test results that obtained statistically significant results.
With regard to the physical and motor performance components, the dependent /-test results revealed that the control group's upper body explosive power decreased significantly from pre to post-testing. The experimental group showed significant increases in speed over 20 m and agility, as well as in the power and work increments of the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). In spite of these results the independent /-test revealed that speed over 20 m, average power output at 20 s and relative work of the WAnT as well as agility were the only components of the experimental group that improved significantly more compared to the control group. Only small values were obtained when the effect sizes were calculated for each of the significant variables.
The anthropometric results indicated that the control group's skeletal mass and femur breadth increased significantly from pre to post-testing. The wrist breadth of the experimental group also increased significantly during the training period. The significant increase in body stature observed among both groups of players was most likely due to body growth and not due to the training program. No statistically or practically significant differences were, however, observed between the anthropometric measurement changes of the two groups of players.
Hence the conclusion drawn from the above-mentioned results is that a four-week combined rugby conditioning and plyometric training program leads to significantly bigger changes in certain physical and motor performance components of university-level rugby players than a non-plyometric rugby conditioning program alone. However, the combined rugby conditioning and plyometric training program had no significant effect on the anthropometric measurements of players compared to a non-plyometric rugby conditioning training program.Thesis (M.Sc. (Human Movement Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Gould, Trenton E. "A correlational analysis of undergraduate athletic training students' and faculty educators' mind styles and preferences of teaching methods." Ohio : Ohio University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1057073459.
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Fritz, Nora Elizabeth. "Contribution of Motor and Cognitive Factors to Gait Variability and Fall Risk:From Clinical Assessment to Neural Connectivity." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373987431.
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Strandberg, Emelie. "Skeletal Muscle Mass & Function in Older Women : Health-Enhancing Influences of Combined Resistance Exercise & Diet." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-61234.
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Ageing is accompanied by a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength which may lead to impaired ability to perform activities of daily living in older adults. Although the exact cause of the gradual decline in muscle mass is unknown, identifying efficient strategies aiming to prevent age-related loss of muscle mass and strength is important in order to promote healthy ageing. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the effects of resistance training alone or combined with a healthy diet on skeletal muscle mass and function of healthy recreationally active older women and to determine mechanisms by which elevated systemic inflammation may contribute to the age-related decline of muscle mass in older adults. The combination of resistance training and a healthy diet induced gains in leg lean mass as well as greater gains in dynamic explosive force than resistance training alone in healthy recreationally active older women. The observed gains in leg lean mass were accompanied by increases in the size of type IIA muscle fibres together with down-regulation in gene expression of a pro-inflammatory factor (IL-1β) and upregulation in gene expression of a regulator of cellular growth (mTOR) in skeletal muscle of older women. Additionally, reduced muscle protein synthesis and size of muscle cells may mediate the detrimental effects of elevated circulating markers of inflammation on muscle mass in older adults. In conclusion, the present thesis depicts mechanistic links between elevated systemic marker of inflammation and muscle mass and provides new information on the effects of combined resistance training and healthy diet on muscle mass and strength in a group of healthy recreationally active older women. This knowledge is instrumental for development of strategies aiming to prevent age-related loss of muscle mass and function.
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Zorumski, Caryle Hopkins. "The effects of self-care training on the self-concept, self-care behavior, and metabolic control of diabetic children." W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618784.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of self-care training on the self-concept, self-care behavior, and metabolic control of diabetic children. The author hoped to obtain information to help improve training programs for children with diabetes.;Forty-nine diabetic children, ages eight to 13, participated in the study as they received basic self-care training from their physicians. Twenty-seven of the children also attended a week long summer day camp where they received additional instruction in diabetes self-care.;The subjects completed the Self-Perception Profile for Children and the Self-Care Questionnaire two times at a four month interval to measure their self-concept and the self-care behaviors. Two routine blood sample tests were used to measure their glycated hemoglobin for metabolic control levels.;It was hypothesized that after training, and compared with the control group, the children who attended the camp would (1) have better self-concepts, (2) perform more self-care behaviors, and (3) show improved metabolic control. The author also hypothesized that children who began the study with better self-concepts would improve more. The data analyses failed, however, to support those hypotheses.;All the children initially registered positive self-concepts, performed many self-care behaviors, and showed fair to good metabolic control. The experimental group demonstrated no significant improvements when evaluated after training. It was concluded, therefore, that the additional self-care training did not affect the self-concept, self-care behavior, or metabolic control of the children, regardless of their initial self-concept level. Total number of children and family size, however, were predictors of metabolic control for all subjects.;Further research is needed with children from more diverse backgrounds who have varying levels of self-concept, self-care performance, and metabolic control. Research to identify the factors that do affect diabetic children's self-concept, self-care performance, and metabolic control also is necessary, as is investigation of different types of training programs.
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Phillips, Emily Marie. "A Study to Examine the Effects of Resistance Training on Motor Function, Cognitive Performance, Physical Strength, Body Composition, and Mood in Adults with Down Syndrome." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1584440781994656.
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Souza, Giovana Damasceno e. [UNESP]. "Efeito do treinamento intradialítico resistido e aeróbio sobre a função cognitiva e capacidade funcional de pacientes em hemodiálise: estudo controlado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137922.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) em hemodiálise têm baixo nível de atividade física, e podem apresentar declínio cognitivo. Evidencias mostram benefícios de exercícios físicos nesses pacientes, no entanto poucos estudos buscaram avaliar tais benefícios sobre a função cognitiva. Objetivo. Avaliar o efeito do treinamento físico resistido e aeróbio intradialítico em indivíduos com DRC em hemodiálise sobre a função cognitiva e a capacidade funcional. Materiais e Método. Foram realizados dois estudos em paralelo. Estudo 1: experimental, aberto, controlado, randomizado que comparou dois grupos: grupo resistido (GR) e grupo controle (GC). Os pacientes do GR foram submetidos a exercícios resistidos e os pacientes do GC foram submetidos a exercícios placebo, da primeira à 12a semana. As avaliações foram realizadas antes da primeira semana da sessão de exercício e na semana imediatamente após a última sessão. Nesse estudo o comportamento das variáveis avaliadas foram compradas entre os grupos. Estudo 2: experimental, aberto, controlado, sequencial. Nove dos pacientes do GC, após a reavaliação do período controle, foram subsequentemente submetidos a exercícios aeróbios, sendo analisados após 12 semanas adicionais como grupo aeróbio (GA). Nesse estudo o comportamento das variáveis avaliadas desses nove pacientes após o período controle foi comparado após o período de intervenção. Os exercícios foram realizados nas primeiras duas horas de hemodiálise, três vezes por semana por aproximadamente 50 min. O GA utilizou ciclo ergômetro e o GR realizou onze exercícios (2 séries de 15-20 repetições), dos quais para membros superiores foram realizados antes do início da hemodiálise. A intensidade do esforço para ambos os grupos foi de 12 a 16 na escala BORG. O GC realizou exercícios metabólicos à guisa de placebo. Variáveis avaliadas: nível de atividade física (questionário IPAQ versão curta), função cognitiva (mini-exame do estado mental - MEEM) e capacidade funcional (teste de caminhada de 6 minutos - TC6M). Resultados. A amostra final do Estudo 1 foi composta por 28 pacientes, 13 no GC e 15 no GR, os grupos eram homogênios quanto aos dados demográficos e clínicos. A função cognitiva avaliada pelo MEEM apresentou um aumento da pontuação estatisticamente significante após a intervenção no GR (23,5±4,0 para 25±3,3 pontos) e no GC (21,5±3,5 para 23±3,0 pontos) (p = 0,03). A capacidade funcional, avaliada pelo TC6 apresentou aumento significante da distância percorrida no GR (529±137,8 para 554,5±137,5 metros) e no GC (507±155,5 para 545±121,2 metros) (p = 0,02). No comportamento do IPAQ houve deslocamento numérico dos pacientes para categorias de maior nível de atividade física nos dois grupos, ainda que sem atingir significância estatística. No Estudo 2, quanto ao MEEM, houve tendência a aumento da pontuação paralelo no momento 2 e no momento 3, porém sem significância estatística (p = 0,05). No TC6, não houve aumento significante da distância percorrida pelos pacientes após a intervenção em nenhum dos momentos. No comportamento do IPAQ houve deslocamento numérico dos pacientes para categorias de maior nível de atividade física comparando os três momentos, sem atingir significância estatística. Conclusão. Os pacientes com DRC em hemodiálise submetidos a protocolo de exercício resistido apresentaram melhora funcional e cognitiva. Porém, o protocolo de exercício metabólico (exercício placebo), realizado no GC, também trouxe repercussão. Já os pacientes submetidos a protocolo de exercício aeróbio não apresentaram a mesma melhora. O efeito de exercícios placebo observado no corrente trabalho abre a possibilidade de intervenções subliminares no sentido de melhorar o perfil de atividade física dos pacientes em hemodiálise. Sugerindo que um profissional no centro de terapia renal substitutiva, orientando e incentivando os pacientes com DRC a realizarem exercício físico, poderia mudar seus hábitos do dia a dia que possam levá-los a melhor disposição e função motora, além de melhora na função cognitiva com possível consequente melhora na qualidade de vida. Apoio CNPq, processo 13288/2015-2.
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis, have low levels of physical activity, and cognitive decline. Evidence of the benefits of physical exercise in these patients have gained ground, however few studies have sought to evaluate such benefits on cognitive function. Objectives: Evaluate the effect of strengthening and aerobic intradialitic exercise training in individuals with CKD on hemodialysis on cognitive function and functional capacity. Methods: Two studies were performed at the same time. Study 1: experimental, open, controlled, randomized trial comparing two groups: Strengthening group (SG) and control group (CG). SG patients underwent resistance training and CG patients underwent placebo exercise, from the first to the 12th week of intervention. The evaluations were performed before the first week of the exercise session and the week immediately after the last exercise session. In this study the behavior of the variables evaluated in the CG patients was compared to the behavior of those variables in the SG. Study 2: experimental, open, controlled, sequential. Nine of the CG patients, after a reassessment of the control period, were subsequently subjected to aerobic exercise and they were assessed after 12 additional weeks as aerobic group (AG). In this study the behavior of these variables evaluated nine patients during the control period was compared to the behavior of those variables after the intervention period. The exercises were conducted in the first two hours of dialysis, three times a week, for about 50 min. The AG used cycle ergometer and the SG did eleven types of exercises (2 sets of 15-20 reps), The training for upper limbs were carried out before the start of the hemodialysis session. The intensity of the effort for both groups was 12 to 16 on the Borg scale. The CG kept doing metabolic exercises to placebo guise. Variables assessed: physical activity (IPAQ short version), cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination - MMSE) and functional capacity (6-minute walk test - 6MWT). Results: The Study 1 consisted of 28 patients, 13 in the CG and 15 in the SG. The groups were homogeneous regarding the demographic and clinical data. Cognitive function by the MMSE showed a statistically significant increase in scores after the intervention in the GR (23.5 ± 4.0 to 25 ± 3.3 points) and CG (21.5 ± 3.5 to 23 ± 3 0 points) (p = 0.03). Functional capacity by 6MWT showed a significant increase in the distance walked by patients after intervention in the SG (529 ± 137.8 to 554.5 ± 137.5 meters) and CG (507 ± 155.5 to 545 ± 121, 2 meters) (p = 0.02). The IPAQ behavior showed numerical shift to a higher level of physical activity in both groups, although without reaching statistical significance. In Study 2, nine patients made up the AG. The MMSE showed a tendency to increase in score at moment 2 and moment 3, but without statistical significance (p = 0.05). In the 6MWT, there wasn't significant increase in the distance walked by patients after the intervention in any of the moments. The IPAQ behavior showed numerical shift to a higher level of physical activity in both groups, although without reaching statistical significance. Conclusion: Patients with CKD on hemodialysis undergoing resistance exercise protocol showed functional and cognitive improvement. However, the metabolic exercise protocol (placebo exercise) performed in the CG also brought repercussions. Yet patients undergoing aerobic exercise protocol did not show the same improvement. The effect of placebo exercises obsereved in the present research brings the possibility of subliminal interventions to improve the profile of physical activity among hemodialysis patients. Suggesting that a professional in the center of renal replacement therapy, guiding and encouraging patients with CKD to carry out physical activity, could change their habits in everyday life. It can give them more liveliness and motor function, as well as improvement in cognitive function with possible consequent improvement in quality of life. CNPq support, process 13288 / 2015-2.
CNPq: 13288/2015-2
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Hayman, Emily L. "Reducing Verbal and Physical Aggression in Elementary Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the Aggression Replacement Training Program." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1412251648.
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Ben-Sadoun, Grégory. "Développement d'un serious game portant sur l'activité physique et les fonctions exécutives pour l'évaluation et la stimulation des patients présentant une maladie d’Alzheimer ou une pathologie associée." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4073/document.
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La prise en charge des personnes âgées présentant une maladie neurodégénérative aboutissant à des troubles cognitifs et une démence représente un enjeu majeur de santé. Il est important de concevoir des outils pour aider les cliniciens à mieux prendre en charge les patients par la stimulation. L’Environnement Enrichi – favorisant les stimulations cognitives, physiques et sociales dans un contexte émotionnel positif – apparait être une puissante stratégie non-médicamenteuse pour réduire ou retarder les évolutions des processus neurodégénératifs et les pertes cognitives. Dans cette approche, l’hypothèse de l’Enrichissement Cognitif stipule que les comportements qu’adopte un individu tout au long de sa vie vont avoir un impact sur le fonctionnement de son cerveau, même à l’âge avancé. C’est dans cette idée que les Jeux Vidéo et les Serious Games à activité physique sont utilisés. X-Torp est un Serious Game d’action conçu pour être accessible et stimulant pour les sujets âgés en bonne santé et présentant une Maladie Neurodégénérative due à un trouble cognitif léger ou une démence de type Alzheimer. Le joueur incarne un sous-marin et est plongé dans un monde quasi maritime où seules quelques îles sont en surface. Il doit ainsi évoluer dans un scénario pour monter en grade à travers la réalisation de missions et d’affrontements en mer. X-Torp est jouable sur Microsoft® Kinect™ pour PC. L’objectif de cette thèse est de présenter l’ensemble des travaux scientifiques entrepris pour (1) concevoir une première version du jeu ; (2) la tester chez les populations cibles et (3) concevoir en conséquence une seconde version commercialisableThe care of elderly people affected by neurodegenerative diseases leading to cognitive impairment and dementia represents a major challenge in the healthcare domain. It is important to design tools that can help clinicians to better treat these patients through stimulation. Enriched Environments - which favor cognitive and physical stimulations in a positive emotional context – look like a powerful non-pharmacological strategy to reduce or delay the evolution of neurodegenerative processes, and the consequent cognitive disorders. Based on this approach, the Enriched Environment hypothesis states that the behavior of an individual during the lifetime, even during old age, affect his brain functioning. Video Games and Serious Games implying physical activity are used in this context. X-Torp is an action Serious Game conceived to be usable and stimulating for healthy elderly people and people with neurodegenerative disorders leading to Mild Cognitive Impairment or to Alzheimer’s’ dementia. The player takes the command of a submarine and is immersed in a sea-world where only a few islands appear on the surface. The player needs to advance in the game scenario to improve his grade position accomplishing missions and battling over the sea. X-Torp is played with Microsoft® Kinect™ for PC. The aim of this thesis is to present the scientific work undergone to (1) conceive and design the first game version; (2) test this version on the target populations, and (3) based on the results, design a second game version ready to be commercialized
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Maillot, Pauline. "Les bienfaits de l’entrainement en exergames sur le vieillissement cognitif : étude du transfert d’apprentissage." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA113002.
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Depuis de nombreuses années, la littérature s’attache à mettre en évidence que, malgré les déficits cognitifs liés à l’avancée en âge, chaque individu peut bénéficier de ses expériences afin de les réinvestir quotidiennement à travers une optimisation de ses comportements, via le maintien d’un certain niveau de plasticité cognitive (i.e., théorie de l’enrichissement cognitif). Dans cette perspective, ce travail vise à appréhender l’étendue de la plasticité comportementale des seniors via l’étude du transfert d’apprentissage issu des exergames. Son ambition est d’établir quels peuvent être les bienfaits de la pratique des exergames afin de lutter contre les effets délétères du vieillissement cognitif normal. Il s’agit, au travers de deux études d’entrainement, d’identifier le potentiel de transférabilité de nouvelles acquisitions cognitives et motrices via cet outil d’entrainement virtuel. La première étude a mis en évidence qu’un programme d’entrainement en exergames de trois mois permet l’amélioration des fonctions exécutives et de la vitesse de traitement de l’information chez des personnes âgées sédentaires. Ces résultats suggèrent que ces améliorations cognitives pourraient prendre leurs sources explicatives, d’une part, via la sollicitation physique se traduisant ici par des améliorations physiques notamment au niveau de l’endurance cardiorespiratoire, et d’autre part, via l’intermédiaire de la stimulation cognitive induite par le jeu qui, grâce à la diversité des tâches et des interactions, a engendré un transfert vers les tests neuropsychologiques. La seconde étude a pour objectif d’identifier l’occurrence d’un transfert virtuel-réel au travers d’un contexte de similarité entre les éléments constituant nos deux tâches expérimentales, à partir d’une tâche de putting au golf. La comparaison de performances des deux groupes d’âges entrainés selon deux contextes d’apprentissage (réel versus virtuel) a mis en évidence que les adultes jeunes étaient parvenus à réinvestir les habiletés acquises issues du virtuel dans le contexte réel, à la différence des adultes âgés qui, bien qu’ils aient atteint une réelle acquisition motrice en contexte virtuel, n’ont pas réussi à réengager de façon optimale leur acquisition antérieure. Ce travail doctoral atteste que les exergames peuvent, à travers une stimulation à la fois physique et cognitive, être un moyen efficace de lutter contre les effets délétères liés à l’avancée en âgeFor years, research literature has underlined that, notwithstanding the cognitive deficits related to advancing age, individuals may continue to benefit from their prior experiences in the optimization of their behavior, aided by the maintenance of a certain level of cognitive plasticity (i.e., concept of enrichment effects). The present research aims to understand the extent of seniors’ behavioral plasticity and establish how exergames may assist them in countering the deleterious effects of normal cognitive aging. This research consists of two studies which aim to identify the potential for cognitive and motor acquisitions via the use of virtual training devices. The first study highlights that a three month exergame training program improved both executive functions and the speed of processing in sedentary seniors. These results suggest that such cognitive improvements may be explained by (1) physical solicitation resulting in improved cardiorespiratory endurance, and (2) by the game-related cognitive stimulation (due to the variety of tasks and interactions) further transferring to neuropsychological tests. The second study is designed to identify the occurrence of a virtual-real transfer through context similarity between our two experimental tasks, both based on a golf-putting task. Compared performances between the two age groups, having trained in one of two learning conditions (real versus virtual) underlined that young adults were able to reinvest the acquired skills from the virtual to the real context, in contrast to older adults. Even though the latter acquired actual motor skills in virtual context, they failed to optimally re-engage prior acquisitions. This doctoral research attests that exergames, through both physical and cognitive stimulation, may be an effective means to counter the deleterious effects related to advancing age
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Silva, Mariana Ribeiro. "Adaptações neuromusculares, cardiorrespiratórias e funcionais de dois programas de treinamento no meio aquático em mulheres idosas." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2016. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3757.
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Objetivo: Investigar as respostas neuromusculares, cardiorrespiratórias, funcionais e de qualidade de vida de dois programas de treinamento no meio aquático (aeróbio e combinado) e de um programa de atividades físicas não periodizadas em mulheres idosas. Materiais e métodos: Quarenta e uma mulheres idosas voluntárias foram divididas em três grupos: grupo de treinamento aeróbio (TA; n=16; 66 ± 4 anos), grupo de treinamento combinado (ordem força/aeróbio; TC; n=16; 66 ± 4 anos) e grupo controle de atividades terrestres não periodizadas (GC; n=9; 64 ± 3 anos). Os sujeitos realizaram treinamentos no meio aquático duas vezes na semana com as duas primeiras semanas de adaptação ao ambiente e aos exercícios e as 12 semanas posteriores de treinamentos específicos. O grupo controle realizou 14 semanas de programas não periodizado, com atividades de dança e ginástica. O treinamento de força foi realizado com séries em máxima velocidade e o treinamento aeróbio foi realizado em percentuais da frequência cardíaca do limiar anaeróbio (85-110%) determinado em teste progressivo no meio aquático. Foram realizadas avaliações pré e pós-treinamento da força muscular dinâmica máxima dos extensores de joelhos e no supino sentado (avaliada durante o teste de 1RM), do consumo de oxigênio de pico e nos limiares ventilatórios (avaliada em esteira terrestre com protocolo de Bruce), da ativação neuromuscular isométrica máxima dos músculos reto femoral, vasto lateral e deltoide (eletromiografia - EMG), da percepção de qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-BREF) e da capacidade funcional nos testes de levantar e sentar da cadeira, caminhar 6 minutos e levantar, ir e voltar. Analisou-se os dados por protocolo e por intenção de tratar utilizando o teste Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE), e teste post-hoc de Bonferroni (α=0,05). Resultados: Em ambas formas de análise os resultados demonstraram um aumento significativo em 1RM na extensão de joelhos somente para os grupos de treinamento no meio aquático (TA: 16 ± 12%; TC: 15 ± 16%), por outro lado,8 no supino sentado somente pela análise por intenção de tratar foram demonstrados aumentos apenas para os grupos de treinamento aquático (TA: 9 ± 17%; TC: 6 ± 18%). Foi observado melhoras significativas para consumo de oxigênio de pico após o período de treinamento (TA: 23 ± 21%; TC: 18 ± 9%; GC: 7 ± 16%), para o consumo de oxigênio no primeiro limiar (TA: 27 ± 37%; TC: 23 ± 24%; GC: 22 ± 23 %) e para os testes funcionais de sentar e levantar (TA: 32 ± 11%; TC: 24 ± 14%; GC: 20 ± 9), caminhar 6 min (TA: 10 ± 7%; TC: 7 ± 6%; GC: 7 ± 5%) e levantar ir e voltar (TA: 11 ± 5%; TC: 10 ± 9%; GC: 10 ± 6%), nas duas formas de análise sem diferenças entre os grupos. Por outro lado, para consumo de oxigênio no segundo limiar somente os grupos de treinamento aquático melhoraram após o treinamento (TA: 20 ± 24%; TC: 23 ± 13%). Nenhuma diferença foi encontrada para a ativação EMG dos músculos vasto lateral e deltoide, enquanto o reto femoral teve uma diminuição da ativação EMG de 21 ± 24% somente para GC, quando analisado por intenção de tratar. As duas formas de análise geraram resultados similares de percepção de qualidade de vida demonstrando que o GC diminuiu a percepção de qualidade de vida no domínio físico (12 ± 10%) e não alterou nos demais domínios. Nos grupos de treinamento aquático melhoras foram observadas nos domínios físico (TC: 13 ± 16%), psicológico (TA: 9 ± 16%; TC: 10 ± 11%), social (TA: 19 ± 42%; TC: 16 ± 21%), ambiental (TA: 10 ± 17%; TC: 16 ± 28%) e geral (TA: 17 ± 22%; TC: 14 ± 27% somente por intenção de tratar), nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada no domínio físico para TA. Conclusão: Treinamento aeróbio e treinamento combinado no meio aquático são eficazes para uma melhora da condição ardiorrespiratória, da força muscular dinâmica máxima de membros superiores e inferiores, da percepção de qualidade de vida e da capacidade funcional, assim como uma possível manutenção da ativação neuromuscular máxima dos músculos analisados. Ainda, atividades físicas não periodizadas são eficazes para o aumento da condição cardiorrespiratória (com exceção do consumo de oxigênio no segundo limiar) e da capacidade funcional, entretanto não são positivas no aumento da percepção de qualidade de vida e da força muscular dinâmica máxima de membros superiores e inferiores.
Purpose: Investigate neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory, functional and quality of life responses of two training programs in the aquatic environment (aerobic and combined) and a physical activity program not periodized in elderly women. Materials and methods: Fourty-one elderly women volunteer were divided into three groups: aerobic training group (AT; n=16; 66 ± 4 years), combined training group (sequence resistance/aerobic CT; n=16; 66 ± 4 years) and control group (CG; n=9; 64 ± 3 years). The subjects performed the water-based trainings for 14 weeks, twice a week with two weeks of adaptation to the water and exercises and after that 12 weeks of specific training. The control group performed 14 weeks of programs not periodized with dance and gymnastics activities. The resistance training was performed with sets in maximal effort and the aerobic training was performed in percentage of heart rate corresponding to the second ventilator threshold (85-110%) determined during a maximal progressive test in the water environment. Before and after the training period, the subjects were evaluated during maximal dynamic strength in the knee extensors and during the bench press (assessed using 1RM test), peak oxygen uptake and ventilatory thresholds (assessed on treadmill on land by Bruce protocol), the maximal isometric neuromuscular activity of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and deltoid (electromyography - EMG), perception of quality of life (WHOQOLBREF) and functional capacity in the tests 30-Second Chair Stand, 6-Minute Walk and 8-Foot Up-and-Go. Data were analyzed by protocol and by intention to treat using Generalized Estimating Equations test (GEE), and post-hoc Bonferroni (α = 0.05). Results: In both forms of analysis the results showed a significant increase in 1RM in the knee extension only for the water-based training (AT: 16 ± 12%; CT: 15 ± 16%), on the other hand, in bench press only by intention to treat analysis was demonstrated increases just for water training groups (AT: 9 ± 17%; CT: 6 ± 18%). It was observed significant improvements in peak oxygen uptake after the training period (AT: 23 ± 21%; CT: 18 ± 9%;11 CG: 7 ± 16%), for the consumption of oxygen in the first threshold (AT: 27 ± 37%; CT: 23 ± 24%; CG: 22 ± 23%) and functional tests 30-Second Chair Stand (AT: 32 ± 11%; CT: 24 ± 14%; CG: 20 ± 9), 6-Minute Walk (AT: 10 ± 7%; CT: 7 ± 6%; CG: 7 ± 5%) and 8-Foot Up-and-Go (AT: 11 ± 5%; CT: 10 ± 9%; CG: 10 ± 6%), in both forms of analysis without differences between groups. On the other hand, for onsumption of oxygen in the second threshold only waterbased training groups improved after training (AT: 20 ± 24%; CT: 23 ± 13%). No difference was found for the EMG activation of vastus lateralis and deltoid, as the rectus femoris had a decrease in EMG activation of 21 ± 24% only for CG, when analyzed by intention to treat. The two forms of analysis generated similar results of perceived quality of life showing that CG decreased perception of quality of life in the physical domain (12 ± 10%) and did not change in other domains. In groups of aquatic training improvements were observed in the physical (CT: 13 ± 16%), psychological (AT: 9 ± 16%; CT: 10 ± 11%), social (AT: 19 ± 42%; TC: 16 ± 21%), environmental (AT: 10 ± 17%; CT: 16 ± 28%) and overall (AT: 17 ± 22%; CT: 14 ± 27% only by intention to treat), no significant difference was observed in the domain physical to AT. Conclusion: Aerobic training and combined training in the aquatic environment are effective for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, maximal dynamic muscle strength of upper and lower limbs, the perception of quality of life and functional capacity, as well as a possible maintenance of maximum neuromuscular activation of muscles analyzed. Also, physical activities not periodized are effective for increasing cardiorespiratory fitness (with the exception of oxygen consumption in the second threshold) and functional capacity, but are not positive to increase the perception of quality of li e and maximal dynamic muscle strength in upper and lower limbs.
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Roche, Lionel. "Analyse de l'activité d'étudiants en Licence STAPS dans le cadre d'un dispositif de vidéo-formation : conception et usage de ressources pour la professionnalisation au métier d'enseignant d'Education Physique et Sportive." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAL028/document.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le programme de recherche empirique et technologique du «cours d’action » (Theureau, 1992) en anthropologie cognitive. Elle étudie la conception, l’usage et les effets d’un dispositif collectif de vidéo-formation, destiné à des étudiants de Licence STAPS pour développer leur capacité à analyser et comprendre des situations de classe en Éducation physique et sportive (EPS), à l’échelle de la leçon. Deux visées sont poursuivies : a) une visée épistémique cherchant à mieux comprendre les formes d’activité et d’expérience déployées par les étudiants en situation de vidéo-formation et b) une visée de conception technologique du dispositif de vidéo-formation orienté « activité » et répondant à une démarche de conception continuée dans l’usage. L’étude a été réalisée avec un groupe d’étudiants (n=15) inscrits dans une UE de préprofessionnalisation en 3ème année de Licence Éducation et Motricité en STAPS. Cinq types de données ont été recueillies durant le dispositif alternant des périodes de stages et de TD à l’Université : (i) des données d’enregistrement vidéo de l’activité en classe des étudiants durant le stage et aussi en formation, (ii) des traces écrites produites par les étudiants en stage et en formation (journaux de bord), (iii) des données d’entretien d’autoconfrontation sur leur activité en classe et (iv) sur leurs traces écrites, et (v) des données quantitatives et qualitatives issues de questionnaires. Les résultats révèlent (i) une appropriation par les étudiants d’une grille leur permettant d’analyser une leçon d’EPS et d’en discrétiser les moments-clés, (ii) une expérience vécue en vidéo-formation qui traduit une inclination réflexive sur les moments de face à face pédagogique dans la leçon d’EPS, (iii) quatre formes typiques d’analyse des vidéos de classe (décrire, juger, interpréter, se projeter), témoignant d’une activité d’observation centrée sur l’enseignant en classe comme manager, et d’une cécité aux apprentissages moteurs des élèves ; (iv) le rôle des pairs comme accélérateur de la capacité à analyser les pratiques de classe. Ces résultats relatifs à l’activité des étudiants en formation ont permis d’envisager conjointement la conception de différentes phases du dispositif, finalisée par une première plateforme de formation en ligne « Former à l’intervention en EPS » (Roche & Gal-Petitfaux, 2014a), puis une seconde « Observation et Régul@ction en EPS » (Roche & Gal-Petitfaux, 2016)This thesis is part of the empirical and technological research program of the "course of action" (Theureau, 1992) in cognitive anthropology. She is studying the design, use and effects of a collective video-training device for undergraduate students in Physical Education to develop their ability to analyze and understand classroom situations in Physical Education. Two aims are pursued: a) an epistemic aim seeking to better understand the forms of activity and experience deployed by students in a video-training situation and b) a technological design aim of the "activity-oriented" video-training device and responding to a design in use process. The study was conducted with a group of students (n = 15) enrolled in a pre-professionalization course in the third year degree in Physical Education Teacher Education. Five types of data were collected during the device based on periods of internships and workshop at University: (i) video recording data of student's classroom activity during the internship and also during workshop, (ii) written records produced by students during internship and workshop, (iii) self-confrontation interview data on their activity in classroom and (iv) in their written records, and (v) quantitative and qualitative data from surveys. The results reveal (i) students' appropriation of a grid allowing them to analyze PE lesson and to analyze the key moments, (ii) a lived experience in video-training which reflects a reflexive inclination on pedagogical face-to-face moments in the PE lesson, (iii) four typical forms of classroom video analysis (describe, judge, interpret, project), evidence of teacher-centered observation activity in classroom as a manager, and a blindness to student motor learning activity; (iv) the role of peers as an accelerator of the ability to analyze class practices. These results relating to the activity of students in training made it possible to jointly consider the design of different phases of the system, finalized by a first online training platform "Former à l’intervention en EPS" (Roche & Gal-Petitfaux, 2014a), then a second "Observation e tRégul@tion en EPS" (Roche & Gal-Petitfaux, 2016)
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Sacco, Guillaume. "Les jeux vidéo sérieux en pratique gérontologique : application aux relations activité physique/cognition." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4040/document.
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Ce travail de thèse présente une approche clinique et thérapeutique visant à fournir de nouvelles techniques de soins pour les patients atteints de troubles neurocognitifs et notamment de maladie d’Alzheimer. Les serious exergames sont des jeux vidéo sérieux intégrant une activité physique. Ils peuvent constituer des outils de production d’environnement enrichi pour les utilisateurs, en associant notamment exercice physique et entraînement cognitif. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’explorer en quoi les serious exergames peuvent contribuer à la prise en charge non médicamenteuse des troubles neurocognitifs. Dans ce travail, nous avons réalisé deux types de contribution. Les premières contributions sont générales, l’une présente notre approche clinique intégrative combinant exercice physique et entraînement cognitif via l’utilisation de serious exergames, et l’autre présente des recommandations concernant l’usage des serious games. Les secondes contributions sont de nature expérimentale. La première expérimentation vise à vérifier une des bases théoriques de notre approche clinique. Les deux expérimentations suivantes constituent une évaluation de la mise en œuvre de notre approcheThis thesis presents a clinical and therapeutic approach aiming to create new care for patients with neurocognitive disorder. Serious exergames are serious video games integrating physical activity. Serious exergames could be tools to product enriched environment associating physical exercise and cognitive training. The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether serious exergames can contribute to the non-pharmacological management of neurocognitive disorders. In this thesis we have made two types of contributions. The first type are general contributions. One presents our integrative clinical approach associating physical exercise and cognitive training using serious exergames. The other one presents recommendations concerning the use of serious exergames. The second type of contributions are experimental. The first one aims to confirm a theoretical base of our clinical approach. The two other experiments assess the implementation of our approached in a population of patients with neurocognitive disorder
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Heiden, Marina. "Psychophysiological reactions to experimental stress : relations to pain sensitivity, position sense and stress perception." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-879.
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Walsh, Jeremy. "The Effect of Combined Resistance and Cognitive Training on Cognitive Function in Older Adults." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7512.
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Older adults who stay physically and mentally active appear to have better cognitive function compared to their less active counterparts. In fact, those who perform either regular exercise or cognitive training (CT) can maintain and improve their cognitive functioning, even in their later years. Resistance training (RT) causes an increase in specific hormones that are responsible for improved brain functioning; however, many questions about how these hormones respond to RT are unanswered. Understanding how these hormones respond to RT can help researchers and clinicians create optimal training programs for older adults. Research shows that combining exercise and CT may be better for the brain compared to either activity performed alone; however, nobody has looked at RT combined with CT. We believe that combining RT and CT where CT is performed when an individual’s hormones are highest (right after RT) could have a big effect on brain function in a short period of time. This work represents a two-part study looked at: 1) how these hormones respond to a session of RT, and 2) the effect of combined RT and CT on cognitive function in older adults. Our participants performed CT immediately after RT, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Specific hormones which are important for brain function were measured immediately before and for 2 hours after an acute bout of RT before and after 8-weeks of RT. Cognitive function was measured before and after the RT training period. Our primary findings were: 1) significant increases in brain derived neurotrophic factor immediately after RT and 2) participants cognitive function improved after 8 weeks of training. This is important because short-term combined RT and CT can lead to significant improvements in cognitive functioning. Also, this work will allow researchers to begin designing exercise programs that can maximize the brain’s ability to change, even at an old age.Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-21 15:29:35.509
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Spínola, Mónica Paula Gouveia. "Cognitive function in healthy aging – the effects of cognitive training combined with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/85514.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da EducaçãoIntrodução: O envelhecimento saudável/normativo pode afetar várias funções do domínio cognitivo, como a memória, a atenção, o raciocínio e as funções executivas, ocorrendo esse processo de forma diferenciada em cada sujeito. O aumento da esperança média de vida torna relevante o estudo não só da população idosa, como também das mudanças cerebrais e neuropsicológicas inerentes ao processo de envelhecimento. Surge a necessidade de investigar formas de atenuação e retardamento dos efeitos do envelhecimento na função cognitiva, por forma a manter a capacidade funcional e a autonomia do adulto idoso. Assim, o treino cognitivo (TC) surge como uma estratégia/técnica de restauração, reorganização ou compensação da perda cognitiva, promovendo a manutenção da funcionalidade e o atraso do declínio. Por outro lado, a estimulação elétrica transcraniana (ETCC) emerge enquanto técnica neuromoduladora não invasiva capaz de causar impacto no funcionamento cognitivo. Existem já evidências na literatura de que a sua aplicação pode aumentar os efeitos do TC.Objetivos: O presente estudo visou avaliar se a aplicação combinada de TC e ETCC produziria efeitos na memória, linguagem, atenção e qualidade de vida considerando adicionalmente a influência da área cerebral estimulada. Procurou-se, ainda, verificar se aqueles se manteriam ao longo do tempo, considerando a presença desses efeitos 4 meses após a intervenção e averiguar as diferenças entre os grupos em estudo.Metodologia: Foram recrutados 56 adultos idosos saudáveis, distribuídos aleatoriamente por quatro condições: Lista de Espera, Sham, com estimulação do Córtex Pré Frontal Dorsolateral Esquerdo (CPFDLE) e com estimulação do Cerebelo. Todos os sujeitos realizaram sessão de screening e 3 sessões de avaliação neuropsicológica (pré e pós intervenção e follow up), seguidas de uma ressonância magnética. Os grupos de intervenção (Sham, CPFDLE e Cerebelo) receberam/integraram 12 sessões de intervenção, com 20 minutos de ETCC, seguidos de 1 hora de TC. Foi, portanto, analisada a presença de diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos e nos três tempos de avaliação. Resultados: Foram obtidos efeitos de interação estatisticamente significativos apenas na qualidade de vida. No entanto, verificaram-se efeitos exclusivos do tempo estatisticamente significativos na maioria das variáveis analisadas.Conclusões: Ainda que os nossos resultados não sejam conclusivos no que diz respeito à eficácia do protocolo de intervenção, este estudo constitui-se como um importante contributo no ainda longo caminho a percorrer no que diz respeito à reabilitação neurocognitiva e aos processos de avaliação da sua eficácia.
Introduction: Healthy/normative aging process can affect several domains of cognitive function such as memory, attention, reasoning and executive function, occurring differently in each subject. With the progressive augment of lifespan, becomes relevant the study of not only the elderly population but also of the brain changes that follow this aging process. There comes the need to investigate ways of attenuate and retard the aging effects on cognitive function and maintain the elderly’s autonomy. This way, cognitive training (CT) comes up as a strategy/technique of restoring, reorganizing or compensating cognitive losses, promoting the maintenance of functionality and delaying performance decline. On the other hand, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) emerges as a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that can also cause an impact cognitive function. There is literature evidence that the application of active tDCS can enhance the effects of CT.Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate if the combined appliance of tDCS and CT produced significant effects on memory, language, attention and quality of life, considering the influence of the stimulated brain area. We also aimed to verify the presence of those effects 4 months after the intervention and ascertained the differences between the different groups.Methodology: We recruited 56 healthy older adults who were randomly distributed on four conditions: Waiting List, Sham, Dorso Lateral Pre Frontal Cortex (DLPFC) and Cerebellum. All subjects performed 1 screening session and 3 neuropsychological assessments followed by MRI. Intervention groups’ subjects (Sham, DLPFC and Cerebellum) received a 12 sessions intervention with 20 minutes of tDCS followed by 1 hour of CT. We analyzed the presence of statistically significant differences between the groups and in the three evaluation moments. Results: We only obtained statistically significant interaction effects on quality of life. However, we did find statistically significant effects of only time on the majority of our variables.Conclusions: Even though our results were not conclusive on the efficacy of these intervention protocol, the present study comes as an important contribute to the long road to go in what concerns to neurocognitive rehabilitation and the evaluation of its efficacy.
Outro - Este trabalho foi suportado pelo projeto 2014/495 da Fundação BIAL.
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Costigan, Sarah A. "High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) for adolescents’ physical, mental and cognitive health." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1428342.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Background: Current physical activity and fitness levels among adolescents are low, increasing their risk of various chronic health conditions. Current guidelines recommend participation in 60 minutes or more of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), several hours of light physical activity per day and vigorous activity (including muscle and bone strengthening activities) on at least three days per week. In comparison to activity of light and moderate intensity, vigorous physical activity appears to have the strongest physical health benefits. However, less is known regarding physical activity of different intensities and adolescents’ cognitive and mental health. Schools are ideally placed for the delivery of interventions to increase adolescents’ participation in physical activity. However, previous school-based interventions have been largely ineffective due to focus on motivational determinants of behaviour and poor implementation. A range of barriers to the implementation of school-based physical activity interventions have been noted in the literature, including teachers’ workloads, competing instructional requirements and the availability and quality of resources (e.g., activity resources, personnel, facilities). There is an emerging consensus that school-based interventions designed to increase physical activity and fitness should be time-efficient and scalable, for easy implementation. Regular participation in High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) can provide adolescents with a dose of vigorous physical activity that is beneficial for their physical health. To date, the majority of HIIT studies conducted with adolescents have examined the efficacy of sprint-based programs in clinical settings. Although the efficacy of HIIT for improving adults’ metabolic health is now well established, it is not known if this type of activity is effective or feasible when conducted with adolescents in schools. Further, some evidence suggests HIIT has a positive impact on mental health and cognition in adult population groups; however, the impact of HIIT for adolescents’ cognitive and mental health has not been addressed in the literature. Objectives: This thesis by publication presents a series of studies that were undertaken to address gaps in the literature. The primary aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of a school-based HIIT program on adolescents’ health-related fitness. Given current evidence for the importance of engaging in sufficient physical activity and attainment of high fitness levels for positive mental health and cognitive outcomes, this body of research also presents a number of studies addressing key secondary aims. In order to provide an adequate overview and context for the Primary aim, investigation of Secondary aims 1 and 2 precede the primary aim. The primary and secondary aims of this thesis are presented below: Secondary aim 1: To determine the associations between vigorous physical activity and well-being (i.e., positive and negative affect) in a large sample of adolescents. To address this aim, secondary analysis of data from the ‘Activity and Motivation in Physical Education (AMPED)’ study was conducted. To determine the association between physical activity intensity and affective well-being (positive and negative), Actigraph accelerometers were used to assess physical activity, and the short form Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children was used to measure well-being. Quantile regression was used to analyse the data. Light and moderate physical activity was not associated with well-being. However, higher levels of vigorous physical activity were associated with more positive affect and less negative affect to a turning point of 36-37 min/day, after which the association between vigorous physical activity and well-being reversed. The negative association between vigorous physical activity and negative affect was more pronounced in females than in males. Secondary aim 2: To systematically review evidence regarding the efficacy of HIIT for improving health-related fitness in adolescent populations. To determine the effect of HIIT on health-related fitness components, in comparison to non-training control groups or moderate intensity comparison groups, a systematic review with meta-analyses was conducted. Subgroup moderator analyses were conducted to determine if HIIT effects differed according to duration of study, type of comparison group or risk of bias. The review included 20 studies examining cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and muscular fitness. Included studies demonstrated moderate to high risk of bias. The effects of HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition were large and medium, respectively. Study duration was a moderator for the effect of HIIT on body fat percentage. Intervention effects for waist circumference and muscular fitness were not statistically significant. Primary aim: To evaluate the effects of a school-based HIIT program on adolescents’ health-related fitness. The primary aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of a school-based HIIT program on adolescents’ health-related fitness, mental health and cognition. To evaluate effects of school-based HIIT, a three-arm RCT was conducted in one secondary school in Newcastle, Australia. A total of 65 participants completed baseline testing and were randomised into one of three conditions: aerobic exercise program (AEP) (n = 21); resistance and aerobic exercise program (RAP) (n = 22); or control (n = 22). Participants in the AEP and RAP groups participated in three HIIT sessions per week for 8-weeks. Two HIIT sessions were delivered during scheduled PE lessons, and a third session delivered at lunchtime. Sessions duration progressively increased, ranging from eight to 10 minutes (weeks 1-3: 8 minutes; weeks 4-6: 9 minutes; weeks 7-8: 10 minutes), with a work to rest ratio of 30secs:30secs. The AEP and RAP sessions were delivered by the research team. Assessments were conducted at baseline and post-intervention to detect changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (multi-stage shuttle-run), muscular fitness (push-up, standing long jump tests), and body composition (BMI, BMI-z scores, waist circumference). Overall, the strongest intervention effects were observed for participants in the RAP group, which included a combination of resistance and aerobic exercises during sessions. Secondary aim 3: To determine the feasibility of a school-based HIIT RCT for adolescents and their teachers. To address this aim, program feasibility was evaluated based on consent rate, retention rate and program adherence. Acceptability was assessed using post-intervention evaluation questionnaires completed by students and teachers participating in the intervention. The intervention achieved high recruitment, good adherence and retention. Of the 43 intervention participants, 31 completed the post-program evaluation questionnaire and reported that the program was enjoyable, motivating and beneficial to their health. All the teachers (n = 4) involved in the HIIT intervention completed post-program evaluation questionnaires. Teachers agreed that: (i) their students enjoyed participating in the intervention; (ii) they could confidently deliver the HIIT sessions during their own lessons with minimal professional learning; and (iii) they intended to include HIIT in their PE lessons in the future. Secondary aim 4: To evaluate the impact of a school-based HIIT RCT on adolescents’ cognitive and mental health outcomes. To address this aim, the efficacy of two HIIT protocols [AEP and RAP] for improving mental health and cognitive function of adolescents was evaluated. Participants’ executive function (Trail Making Test), psychological well-being (Flourishing Scale), psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale), and physical self-concept (Physical Self-Description Questionnaire) were assessed pre- and post-intervention. To detect changes in mental health and cognitive function outcomes, statistical analyses of the outcomes were conducted using linear mixed models, and Cohen’s d was used to measure effect size. Small improvements in executive function and psychological well-being were evident in the AEP group. Moderate improvements in executive function, and small improvements in well-being and perceived appearance, were observed for the RAP group. Secondary aim 5: To examine the impact of a school-based HIIT RCT on adolescents’ objectively measured physical activity. The HIIT intervention also aimed to address the impact of school-based HIIT on overall physical activity and to explore potential physical activity compensation. GENEActiv accelerometers were used to assess objective physical activity at baseline and week one of the intervention, to detect changes in moderate and vigorous physical activity. Embedding HIIT within the school day had a moderate effect on vigorous physical activity in comparison to controls. In addition, compensation analyses suggested that adolescents were more active on days when they participated in HIIT.
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HU, HUI-FANG, and 胡慧芳. "The Effect Of Cognitive Training Combined With Progressive Resistance Exercise On Institutionalised Residents In Wheelchairs." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e6jmn8.
Full textAbstract:
碩士慈濟科技大學
長期照護研究所
107
The physical activity and cognitive function of the residents in wheelchair in institution are gradually declined due to aging and chronic conditions. Cognitive training and physical exercise can be strategies to delay disability and prevent dementia for residents in wheelchair. A quasi-experimental study with two-group repeated measures design was used. A total of 33 residents in wheelchair were recruited from a long-term care institution in eastern Taiwan. The experimental group (n=18) received cognitive training combined with progressive resistance exercise for 60 minutes, twice a week for 12 weeks. The control group (n=15) maintained routine care and activities without the combined intervention. All participants were assessed for functional fitness and cognitive function at baseline, week 8, and week 12. It is homogenous at baseline. After the intervention, the experimental group had significant improvement on waight, body mass index, and muscle strength at week 8 and week 12, and balance control at week 8, and sit-and-reach at week 12 compared to those of the control group, respectively. The lung capacity at week 8, and muscle endurance at week 8 and week 12 had significant improvement in experimental group, but no significant difference between the two groups. In control group, body weight at week 8 and 12, muscular endurance at week 8 and muscle strength at week 12 appeared significant improvements. There were no significant differences on waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, pulse, and back scratch test between two groups. The experimental group had significant improvement on cognitive function at week 8 and continued to improve at week 12, and also had significant improvement compared to that of the control group. In conclusion, the combination of cognitive training and progressive resistance training would help to improve some items of functional fitness and cognitive function of residents in wheelchair in long-term care institution. This intervention can be incoperated into the activity planning in long-term care institution.
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Ferreira, Marisa Mota. "Cognitive and physical effects of a multicomponent training in elderly adults: a pilot study." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/68589.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia AplicadaWorld's population is aging. Successful aging proposes that physical activity and physical exercise may be protective for cognition and the brain. The intensity of physical activity and the characteristics of physical exercise (duration, modality…) that are optimal to maximize cognitive effects are yet to be discovered. Current investigation aims at (1) clarifying cognitive, emotional and physical fitness effects of a multicomponent training intervention in community-dwelling elderly and compare them with an active control group; (2) exploring the association between cognitive function and physical fitness. A double-blind quasi-experimental intervention was conducted with 19 participants aged>60year from the North of Portugal, distributed by order of registration. Multicomponent intervention included aerobic, strength, stretching and balance exercises thrice a week for 50min for 33-weeks. Control intervention occurred once a week with less intensity. Participants were assessed at baseline and after-intervention in physical activity levels (actigraphy), neurocognitive function, emotional status, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) and anthropometry (DEXA). Multicomponent training was effective in improving moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and diminishing sedentary-time, compared to control group. It presented no significant effects for anthropometry or emotional status. Multicomponent group significantly decreased VO2peak, hence multicomponent training was not effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness. Both groups significantly decreased performance in semantic fluency and multicomponent group significantly decreased performance in working memory. Thereby, multicomponent training was not effective at improving or maintaining neurocognitive functions. In a secondary-personalized analysis, variations in VO2peak were associated with variations in short-term and long-term memory. Contrarily, variations in body composition were not. Cardiorespiratory fitness hypothesis may contribute to our results. With learning from the pilot study, guidelines for future randomized-controlled trials are suggested.
A população mundial está a envelhecer. O envelhecimento bem-sucedido propõe que a atividade física e o exercício físico possam ser protetores da cognição e do cérebro. No entanto, a intensidade da atividade física e as características do exercício físico (duração, modalidade ...) ideais para maximizar os efeitos cognitivos não são claros. Este estudo-piloto tem como objetivos (1) clarificar os efeitos cognitivos, emocionais e de aptidão física de uma intervenção com treino multicomponente em idosos da comunidade e compará-los com um grupo de controlo ativo; (2) explorar as associações entre função cognitiva e aptidão física. Foi conduzida uma intervenção quasi-experimental double-blind, no Norte de Portugal com 19 participantes com idade >60 anos, distribuídos por ordem de inscrição. A intervenção multicomponente incluiu exercícios aeróbicos, de força, alongamento e equilíbrio, três vezes por semana durante 50 minutos, por 33 semanas. A intervenção de controlo ocorreu uma vez por semana, com menor intensidade. Os participantes foram avaliados antes e depois da intervenção nos níveis de atividade física (actigrafia), função neurocognitiva, estado emocional, aptidão cardiorrespiratória (VO2pico) e antropometria (DEXA). O treino multicomponente foi eficaz em aumentar a atividade física moderada-a-vigorosa e diminuir o tempo sedentário, em comparação com o grupo controlo. Não foram encontrados efeitos significativos na antropometria ou no estado emocional. O grupo multicomponente diminuiu significativamente o VO2pico, portanto, este treino não foi eficaz a aumentar a aptidão cardiorespiratória. Os dois grupos pioraram a performance na fluência semântica e o grupo multicomponente na memória de trabalho, pelo que o treino multicomponente não foi eficaz em melhorar ou manter as funções neurocognitivas. Numa análise secundária personalizada, variações no VO2pico foram associadas com variações na memória a curto e longo-prazos. Contrariamente, variações na antropometria não se correlacionaram com variações cognitivas. A hipótese de aptidão cardiorespiratória pode contribuir para explicar os resultados. Com as aprendizagens do estudo-piloto, refletimos sobre diretrizes para um futuro ensaio clínico randomizado.
We would like to express our most gratitude to all participants involved in this study. This study was partially conducted at the Psychology Research Centre (PSI/01662), University of Minho, and supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (UID/PSI/01662/2019), through the national funds (PIDDAC); and at Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (FCT/ UIDB/00617/2020; POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031808). This study was supported by the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education through national funds and co-financed by FEDER through COMPETE2020 under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007653). This study was funded by Bial Foundation (#286/16), FCT (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-032152, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028682, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031808) and by Instituto Português do Desporto e Juventude. This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education, through the national funds, within the scope of the Transitory Disposition of the Decree No. 57/2016, of 29th of August, amended by Law No. 57/2017 of 19 July and previously through the fellowship grant SFRH/BPD/107732/2015.
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Chang, Kuei-Hua, and 張桂華. "Combined Effect of Fruit-vegetable Consumption and Physical Activity on the Risk of Cognitive Decline in Older Taiwanese." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72207658113803038292.
Full textAbstract:
碩士亞洲大學
健康產業管理學系健康管理組
102
Background： The global population is rapidly aging during recent years; the issue in relation to the elderly cognition has been widely discussed. There are many factors could affect the rate of elderly cognition decline. For instance, in-taking more fruits-vegetables, and have more physical activities could effectively reduce the risk of decline. However, the combinatorial effect of in-taking more fruits-vegetables and having more physical activities on the risk of elderly cognition decline at the same time is lack of discussion. Objective: The object of this study was to explore the combinatorial effect of in-taking higher fruits-vegetables, and having more physical activity on risk of cognitive decline to elder people in Taiwan. Method：This study implemented the database of the "Taiwan Longitudinal Survey on Aging (TLSA) from 1999 to 2007". 4,440 samples were collected in 1999 and excluded the samples which cannot be considered by the study, such as people who already have had cognitive decline, cancer, and passed away during the research period. There were 1,138 samples which were used. The study conducted that logistic regression with the following factors fixed: demographic variables, socioeconomic, health behavior, disease and other variables in order to analyze the longitudinal association that how much amount of in-taking fruits-vegetables and physical activities are enough to influence the risk of elder cognitive decline during eight years (the recession is defined in terms of the index of SPMSQ in 2007 reduces over 2 points in the comparison of the index in 1999). Results：The elder who had lower in-take fruit-vegetable and physical activity, the risk of having cognitive decline is 69% higher than (OR=0.31, 95%; CI=0.16-0.58, P<0.001) the elder who had higher in-take fruit-vegetable and physical activity. There is no statistical significance, when only one factor is considered independently. Conclusion：The result shows that the correlation between elder cognitive decline and the intake of fruits-vegetables and physical activity is significantly in the negative way. In other words, the risk of cognitive decline can be reduced when elder in-taking more fruits-vegetables and having more physical activity. Therefore, people should be encouraged to increase their intake of fruits-vegetables and have more physical activities in order to reduce the risk of elder cognitive decline.
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LUO, YIN-LING, and 羅尹伶. "Effects of 12-Week Walk-Jogging Training on Physical Fitness and Cognitive Executive Control of Female Elderly." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33961500182095447247.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
100
Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week walk- jogging aerobics training on physical fitness and cognitive executive control of female elderly. Methods : Twenty-two healthy sedentary female elderly (average age was 67.52 ± 2.44 yr) were recruited as subjects and randomly assigned to training group (12 subjects) and control group (9 subjects). The training group subjects were received walk-jogging training, 3 times per week, 30 minutes each session for 12 week with moderate intensity of 40-60% of heart rate reserved; while the control group had maintained the routine lifestyle without training. All the subjects were received the YMCA cycle ergometer test (predicted VO2max), functional physical fitness (cardiovascular fitness, muscular fitness, body composition, flexibility, and balance and agility) and cognitive executive control test with Erikson Flanker test before and after training. The collected data were analyzed with two-way mixed ANOVA . Results : after 12 week of walk-jogging training, the physical fitness and cognitive function of the training group were significantly improved (p<.05), including the predicted VO2 max ( pre 15.55 ± 3.26 v.s post 19.15 ± 3.92 ml/kg/min), 2 min step ( pre 133.67 ± 30.64 v.s post 143.67 ± 27.65 times), upper arm flexibility (pre 1.96 ± 5.43 v.s post 3.25 ± 5.25 cm), upper-muscular strength (pre 12.58 ± 2.02 v.s post 14.42 ± 1.62 times), lower-muscular strength (pre 11.58 ± 2.31 v.s post 13.50 ± 3.26 times), balance and agility (pre 7.62 ± 1.54 v.s post 7.24 ± 1.17 sec), and cognitive executive control test (consistency: pre 438.26 ± 56.12 ms v.s post 408.64 ± 43.54 ms; inconsistency: pre 462.58 ± 67.36 ms v.s post 432.50 ± 50.04 ms). The upper muscular endurance and cognitive function of training group were significantly better than that of control group (p<.05).The 2-minute step performance was correlated significantly with cognitive executive control. Conclusions : 12-week walk-jogging training can improve the physical fitness and cognitive executive control of female elderly.
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Ho, Ching Hsiang, and 何境祥. "A randomized controlled trial of effects of single or hybrid therapies of physical exercise and computer-based cognitive training in stroke patients with cognitive impairments." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mvwjw6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長庚大學
職能治療學系
104
Objective: To investigate the cognitive effects of single or hybrid therapies of aerobic exercise and computer-based cognitive training in stroke patients with cognitive impairments Subjects and Methods: A sample of chronic stroke with mild cognitive impairment (n = 14) were randomly assigned to three groups that exercised 1 hour per session , totally 32 to 36 sessions for 12 to 18 weeks. One group performed computer-based cognitive training, another group underwent aerobic exercise, and the other group combined both cognitive and aerobic training. Outcomes were measured before and after intervention by Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Wechsler Memory Scale – Third Edition-Chinese version, Stroop Color-Word test and Dual-task walking test. Results: Treatment combined cognitive and aerobic training improved global cognitive function with large effect sizes; memory functions such as immediate, delay-recall and spatial memory showed more effective with moderate to large effect sizes. Executive function and dual-task ability also improved more in this training mode. Conclusion: Study results suggest that training combined cognitive and aerobic is more effective in improving cognitive performance for chronic stroke with mild cognitive impairment than single treatment.
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PIO, CHIO LONG, and 趙龍彪. "Effects of Combined Aerobic and Resistance Circuit Training on Pancreatic β cell function‚Body Composition and Physical Function in Community- dwelling Healthy Elderly." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75848804275907563402.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立陽明大學
物理治療暨輔助科技學系
101
Background and Objective: Healthy aging and disease prevention is an important issue of the aging problem. Many diseases prevalence such as Type 2 diabetes increased with age. Type 2 diabetes is a hyperglycemia condition which is result from the insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. In older adults，physical inactivity and sarcopenia obesity also plays a role for the development of Type 2 diabetes. Exercise, either aerobic or resistance exercise have been proven that can reduce the insulin resistance. Combined two exercises have a better effect than one alone. Aerobic, especially moderate intensity exercise, have been showed that have the effect to improve the function of the beta cell. While aerobic exercise have been showed that the effect on the beta cell function, the effect of combined aerobice and resistance circuit training on the beta cell function are less well studied. Methods: Subjects (Age≥60) will be recruited from the Taipei Community. Dependent on the subjects' intentions，they will assess to the combined aerobice and resistance circuit training group (CTG) or control group(CG). CTG will perform training twice per week. The exercise program is about 50 minutes which contains the hydraulic resistance training and aerobic exercise. Bioimpedance analysis will be used to investigate the muscle mass and muscle strength is measured with handheld dynamometer for grip strength and isometric dynamometer for knee extension. The physical fitness will be investigated by using the Senior fitness Test items. Beta cell function is measured by using the Homa-β equation and HbA1C is also measured to monitor blood sugar control situation. All tests will be done at baseline and 3 months later. Results: Compared with the CG, the CTG maintain the muscle mass and muscle percentage while the CG decrease after 3 months. HbA1C is also maintained. Physical function such as muscle endurance (p<0.01)，dynamic balance (p<0.05) and aerobic endurance (p<0.01) are increased in the CTG. Fasting insulin increases in CTG(p<0.01). Conclusions and Recommendations: 12w combined aerobice and resistance circuit training have the effect on: (1) Improve the beta cell function (increase insulin secretion) (2) Stabilize the HbA1C (blood glucose) (3) Maintain the muscle mass and muscle % (4) Improve the muscle endurance , dynamic balance and aerobic endurance.
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Oosthuizen, Jacobus Johannes. "The effects of a combined resisted jump training and rugby-conditioning program on selected physical, motor ability and anthropometric components of rugby players / Jacobus Johannes Oosthuizen." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10859.
Full textAbstract:
Plyometrics is primarily used by coaches and sport scientists to improve explosive power among
athletes who participate in dynamic, high intensity type of sports. One of the plyometric-related
training methods that has received attention in recent years, is loaded or resistance (resistive) jump
training. Limited research does, however, exist with regard to the benefits and use of this training
method as well as in conjunction with other training methods, especially among team sport
participants. It is against this background that the research objectives of this study were firstly, to
examine the effects of a 4-week combined rugby-conditioning and resisted jump training program
compared to a combined rugby-conditioning and normal jump training program, on selected
physical, motor ability and anthropometric components of university-level rugby players. The
second objective was to examine the acute effects of a resisted compared to a normal jump training
session on selected physical and motor ability components of university-level rugby players.
Thirty rugby players (age: 19.60 ± 0.79 years) from the first and second u/19 and u/21 rugby teams
of a university in South Africa were randomly selected to participate in the first part of study. For
the second part of the study thirty senior rugby players (1st and 2nd senior teams) (age: 21.78 ± 1.86
years) of the Rugby Institute at a university in South Africa were randomly selected to participate
in the study. For both studies the thirty players were in turn randomly divided into two groups of
fifteen players each. One group formed the experimental and the other group the control group.
The first objective was tested by subjecting the players to a 4-week combined sport-specific and
resisted plyometric training program (experimental group) or a combined sport-specific and
normal plyometric training program to investigate the adaptations of body composition, lower
body flexibility, explosive leg power, speed, agility and leg strength. After a 10-week period
(“wash-out period”) during which subjects continued with their normal rugby-conditioning
program, the same testing procedures as before, were executed by following a crossover design. In
order to test the second objective of the study players’ body weight and height were firstly
measured after which they were subjected to a thorough warm-up, followed by the execution of
the flexibility;Vertical Jump Test (VJT); 5-, 10- and 20 m speed tests; the Illinois Agility Run Test
(IART) and the 6RM (repetition maximum) Smith Machine Squat Test (6RM-SMST). The
experimental group was subject to the resisted jump training session on the Vertimax whereas the
control group executed the same exercises on the floor. Directly after the training session each of the players again completed the test battery. After the first week, a crossover design was
implemented.
Although the overall study (independent t-test and main effect ANOVA) results of the first study
suggested that the experimental group experienced more positive changes, especially with regard
to the body fat, skeletal mass and somatotype-related anthropometric and flexibility-related
measurements, only relaxed upper-arm girth, ectomorphy, left Active-straight-leg-raise-test and
the left Modified Thomas Quadriceps Test values showed significant differences (p < 0.05) when
the two groups of players were compared. Although the experimental group demonstrated
significantly better average scores in the majority of the last-mentioned components, this group
experienced a significantly higher reduction in relaxed upper-arm girth due to the conditioning
program than the control group. The main effect ANOVA results of the acute study showed that no
significant differences were obtained for any of the measured components between an acute
resisted and normal jump training session.
To conclude, the study revealed that a 4-week combined rugby-conditioning and resisted jump
training program (experimental group) did not benefit university-level rugby players significantly
more with regard to selected physical, motor ability and anthropometric components than a
combined rugby-conditioning and normal jump training program (control group). Furthermore,
despite the fact that the acute resisted and normal jump training exercises met all the requirements
to produce post-activation potentiation, the study results showed that these exercise sessions did
not lead to any significant acute changes in the physical and motor ability components of
university-level rugby players.MA (Sport Science), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Liao, Tzu-Chiao, and 廖子喬. "Effects of Combined Aerobic and Resistance Circuit Training on Physical Performance, Body Composition for the Frail and Pre-frail Elderly Living in a Residential Care Facility." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93895321663333657419.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立陽明大學
物理治療暨輔助科技學系
98
Background and Objective: A combination of aerobic exercise, strength training, balance/posture and flexibility training is recommended to optimize health and delay frailty. This study aimed to compare the dose-response effects of 12-wk “circuit exercise” and “chair-based exercise” with “usual care group” on physical performance and body composition for the elders who lived in a residential care facility and were classified as frail or pre-frail based on Fried criteria. Materials and Methods: This study was a two-staged study design; a mass frailty screening using the Fried frailty criteria was conducted in the Taipei Municipal Haoran Senior Citizens Home prior to the subsequent quasi-experimental exercise intervention trial. Physical performance and body composition were repeatedly measured before and after the intervention. Mixed-design two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to examine the between-group differences. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Two-hundred and twelve subjects participated in the first-staged frailty screening battery. In total, 20.8 % of the subjects were classified as frail, 67.0 % were pre-frail. Sixty-nine subjects enrolling in the subsequent exercise intervention trial were allocated into circuit training group (N=23, mean age: 77.0±8.8 years), chair-based exercise group (N=23, mean age: 81.1±9.8 years) and control group (N=23, mean age: 81.9±7.6 years). After 12-wk exercise intervention, the circuit training group demonstrated significant improvements on physical functions including functional reach test (P=.016), grip strength (P<.001), knee extensor strength (P<.001); upper limb (P<.001) and lower limb muscle endurance (P<.001), 6-minute walking distance (P<.001), as well as 5-m walking time (P=.008). The lighter chair-based exercise group mostly kept their baseline physical performance level. In contrast, the control group revealed significant decline on grip strength (P= .016), upper limb muscles endurance (P=.029) and 6-min walking distance (P=.022). There were significant between-group differences in changes from pre-test to post-test based on the group×time interaction effects (P<.05). Regarding body compositions, the circuit training group mostly kept their limb muscle mass while both chair-based and usual care group demonstrated significant loss of muscle mass (P<.05). Conclusions and Recommendations: After 12-wk exercise intervention, the more intensive circuit training group showed significant improvements on most measures of physical performance and physical fitness along with keeping their baseline muscle volume. The lighter chair-based exercise group tended to maintain their baseline physical performance level but decreased muscle mass somewhat. The usual care group declined significantly on physical performance, fitness and muscle mass simultaneously. There was obviously a dose–response effect of exercise training for the frail or pre-frail elderly. Our study demonstrated that a well prescribed and supervised exercise training program was feasible and effective even for those frail or pre-frail elderly of advanced age living in the residential care facility. Future investigations with larger sample size, randomized controlled study design, and long-term follow-up to better evaluate the exercise training effects in combating frailty-associated physical impairments are warranted.
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Fiala, Bonnie. "Using social cognitive constructs to predict preoperative exercise before total joint replacement." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2979.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine social cognitive constructs as predictors of preoperative exercise (PE) in a sample of individuals waiting for total joint replacement (TJR) surgery using the framework of Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Methods: Participants (N = 78) were individuals waiting for TJR at the two major urban centres on Vancouver Island, Canada who completed measures of the SCT (barrier self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, self regulation, task efficacy & sociocultural factors of pain, physical function and neighbourhood walking environment) framed for (PE). Results: Independent t-tests suggested no differences between type of surgery (hip versus knee), gender or age for PE (p<.05). Over half of the sample was considered inactive (55%) using a definition of physical activity as accumulating at least 30 minutes of exercise at a moderate or vigorous intensity at least 3 days per week in bouts of 10 minutes or more. Bivariate correlations relating to PE were significant (p<.05) between self regulation (SR) (.25), task efficacy for exercise (TEE) (.27) and pain (-.28). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that SR (β=.17) and TEE (β=.20) explained 10% of the variance in PE behaviour, but were not significant predictors of PE independently. The addition of pain to the regression analysis added 4% of the explained variance, and remained the only significant predictor (p<.05) of Pe behaviour. Conclusions: SCT showed modest capability in predicting PE in this sample, suggesting further testing of theoretical models is warranted in this area. These findings highlight the influence of pain on exercise before TJR surgery, and support the importance of considering individual factors such as pain when designing targeted interventions to increase activity in this population.
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"effects of combined physical fitness training on muscular strength, balance and flexibility of older persons =: 綜合體適能訓練對老年人的肌肉力量、身體平衡及柔韌性之影響." 1999. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889958.
Full textAbstract:
by Shek Chung Kwong.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-98).
Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese; questionnaire in Chinese.
by Shek Chung Kwong.
ABSTRACT --- p.i
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi
LISTS OF TABLES --- p.vii
INTRODUCTION --- p.1
METHODOLOGY
Participants --- p.27
Design of Training Protocol --- p.29
Testing Methods --- p.33
RESULTS --- p.42
DISCUSSION --- p.56
CONCLUSIONS --- p.72
TABLES --- p.74
APPENDICES --- p.85
REFERENCES --- p.90
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Waidingerová, Iveta. "Efektivita tréninku paměťových a tělesných schopností u seniorů." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-300415.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis discusses the training of cognitive functions and physical exercise in the elderly population. It concerns the issue of active ageing, which is a very topical one. The theoretical part describes the findings and results of the latest studies mainly in seniors of good cognitive health. The practical part presents the research in how the seniors of good cognitive health respond to the combination of cognitive training, in other words memory training, and physical exercise. Keywords: ageing, active ageing, cognitive function training, memory training, physical exercise
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Chu, Yu-Hsiu, and 朱育秀. "Efficacy of Aerobic Exercises Combined with Dual-task Training on Body Structure and Body Function, Activity, and Social Participation in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Patients with Early Alzheimer''s Disease." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45439542511443896420.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣大學
物理治療學研究所
100
Recent studies have shown that moderate-to-high intensity aerobic exercises are effective in improving overall cognitive function in patients with cognitive impairment and dementia. Dual-task training programs also show positive effects on enhancing executive function in patients with cognitive impairment. However, the mechanisms through which these training effects are mediated remain largely unknown in humans. It also yet to be explored as to whether patients with different levels of dementia or carrying different apolipoprotein E（APOE）genotypes would benefit from aerobic exercises or dual-task training differentially. Therefore, the purposes of this study were: (1) to investigate the effects of a 3-month moderate intensity aerobic exercises combined with dual-task training on body structure and body function (insulin resistance, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), basilar artery resistance, cingulum bundle integrity, cognitive function, motor function, and depression), activity (level of physical activity, physical frailty, level of disability), and participation (quality of life and social participation) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in those with early Alzheimer’s disease (AD); (2) to compare the differences in exercise training effects between patients with MCI and patients with AD, and between patients carrying and not carrying APOEε4 genotype; and (3) to investigate the correlations of changes in cognitive functions with changes in insulin resistance, TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, basilar artery resistance, and cingulum bundle integrity, after training in order to explore the possible neuroanatomical and neurophysiological mechanisms of exercise training effects. We conducted an assessor-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 18 patients with MCI or AD were recruited. The participants were randomly assigned to the aerobic exercise training group (aerobic group) or the stretch control group (stretch group) using the stratified randomization by matching patient’s diagnosis. The both aerobic and stretch group received health education and exercises training for 12 weeks. The aerobic group received three 90-minuate group exercises sessions, that included aerobic exercises combined with dual-task training, and two 30-minute individual walking exercise sessions at home per week. The stretch group received three 90-minuate group exercise sessions that included stretch exercises and activities in sitting. Both groups received examinations on primary outcomes (including insulin resistance, TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, basilar artery resistance, cingulum bundle integrity, cognitive function, and motor performance) and secondary outcomes (including depression, physical activity level, physical frailty, level of disability, social participation, and quality of life) at baseline (week 0) and post-training (week 12). Differences on the aforementioned outcomes brought by the 12-week exercise training programs were compared between and within the aerobic and stretch groups using Mann-Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, respectively. Correlations of changes in cognitive functions with changes in insulin resistance, TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, basilar artery resistance, and cingulum bundle integrity were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation coefficient to explore the possible neural or physiological mechanisms mediating the exercise training effects. Exercise effects between patients with MCI versus AD and between patients carrying and not carrying APOEε4 were also examined. The results showed that the educational level of the stretch group was higher than the aerobic group. There were significant differences between the aerobic and stretch group in the time of chair rise test before taining. The aerobic group showed a significant increase in muscle strength of upper and lower extremities and improvement in dual-task walking performance after 3 months of training. The stretch group showed a significant increase in the matrix reasoning score and decrease in Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale -Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog) and level of depression after 3 months of training. After 3 months of training, the aerobic group showed greater integrity of anterior and middle cingulum bundles of the left hemisphere and better performance of Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST) than stretch group. Patients with AD had poorer cognitive function than the patients with MCI before training. The effects of exercise training were greater for the early AD subjects than for the MCI subjects, especially in muscle strength and memory function. The APOEε4 noncarriers had poorer cognitive function than the APOEε4 carriers at baseline. The APOEε4 noncarriers had greater improvement in matrix reasoning test than the APOEε4 carriers after exercise training. Both aerobic exercise combined dual-task training and stretch exercise training were effective in improving cognitive or motor function of patients with MCI and early AD. These effects of exercise training were greater in patients with early AD, especially in those APOEε4 noncarriers, than in patients with MCI or AD with APOEε4. Early exercise intervention is therefore suggested to patients with MCI and early AD in order to maintain or improve their cognitive and motor functions.
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Menickelli, Justin. "The effectiveness of videotape feedback in sport examining cognitions in a self-controlled learning environment /." 2004. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, 2004.Includes bibliographical references. Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
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Richardson, Sean Oliver. "Overtraining Phenomena: Expert and Athlete Perspectives on Pathogenic Sport Involvement." 2005. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/419/1/Richardson.pdf.
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The purpose of this research project was to provide an in-depth account of elite athletes' experiences of, and experts' perspectives on, overtraining and its negative outcomes. I conducted interviews with athletes and sports experts, including coaches, sport doctors, scientists, and psychologists across a variety of sports. The interviews were focussed on identifying personal and situational risk factors for overtraining behaviours and outcomes. This thesis includes discussions of the responses to the interviews from the athletes' and the experts' perspectives, with distinct approaches to analysing and presenting the interview data from these two groups' different perspectives. For the 14 experts, I carried out inductive content analyses of the interviews and presented the results in a tree-structure showing the major categories, subcategories, and raw data themes emerging from the data. For the 13 athletes, I used a narrative approach to analysing and presenting their stories, which I aggregated into three core tales, represented by three constructed fictional athletes. From the athletes' stories, I found support for the perspectives presented by the experts. I also uncovered, however, unique accounts of overtraining experiences that provided insight into the intra-psychic conflicts, sometimes obsessive-compulsive features, and complicated relationships of the not-as-perfect-as-perceived-to-be athletes. Taken together, both sets of interviews revealed that overtraining behaviours are significant issues in most sports, whether skill- or effort-based, which may go against traditional conceptions of overtraining. In the general discussion, I present a descriptive model of overtraining risks and outcomes, which came together from the synthesis of the athlete and expert interview results, and, finally, I discuss implications for professional practice and make suggestions for future research.