Journal articles on the topic 'Combinational speech'
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JAFARI, AYYOOB, and FARSHAD ALMASGANJ. "USING NONLINEAR MODELING OF RECONSTRUCTED PHASE SPACE AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSIS TO IMPROVE AUTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION PERFORMANCE." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 22, no. 03 (March 2012): 1250053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127412500538.
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This paper introduces a combinational feature extraction approach to improve speech recognition systems. The main idea is to simultaneously benefit from some features obtained from nonlinear modeling applied to speech reconstructed phase space (RPS) and typical Mel frequency Cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) which have a proved role in speech recognition field. With an appropriate dimension, the reconstructed phase space of speech signal is assured to be topologically equivalent to the dynamics of the speech production system, and could therefore include information that may be absent in linear analysis approaches. In the first part of this paper the application of Lyapunov Exponents (LE) and Fractal Dimension as two usual chaotic features in speech recognition are tested and then a short discussion is made on the weakness of these features in speech recognition. In the following, a statistical modeling approach based on Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) is applied to speech RPS. A final pruned feature set is obtained by applying an efficient feature selection approach to the combination of the parameters of the GMM model and MFCC-based features. A hidden Markov model-based (HMM) speech recognition system and TIMIT speech database are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed feature set by conducting isolated and continuous speech recognition experiments. In final Continuous Speech Recognition (CSR) Experiments, using tri-phone models, 3.7% absolute phoneme recognition accuracy improvement against using MFCC features alone were obtained.
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Bhowmik, Tanmay, Nan Niu, Juha Savolainen, and Anas Mahmoud. "Leveraging topic modeling and part-of-speech tagging to support combinational creativity in requirements engineering." Requirements Engineering 20, no. 3 (April 28, 2015): 253–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00766-015-0226-2.
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Lin, Yumeng, and Songqi Li. "Children’s Early Acquisition of Syntactic Category: A Corpus-Based Analysis of English Determiner-Noun Combinational Flexibility." International Journal of English Linguistics 12, no. 5 (October 24, 2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v12n5p78.
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While the generativist account posits that an abstract specification of syntactic categories is innate and children show adult-like performance from an early stage, the constructivist account postulates that children’s early acquisition of grammatical categories is item-based and reflects limited rules later. The present study tests these assumptions in a specific category, the English determiners. More specifically, we took the controlled measures of overlap (e.g., the use of definite article the and indefinite articles a/an before the same noun type) in 16 children and their mothers’ spontaneous speech as an indicator of determiner-noun combinational flexibility. A series of three studies were conducted, in which we strictly controlled the impact of differences between children and adults in lexical knowledge. In Study 1 and Study 2, we find that children’s use of determiners shows a significant difference from adults but this difference disappeared later. Furthermore, Study 3 investigates the influence of external environment with birth order and family’s social class as factors and emphasizes that the input factor is worthy of further investigation in future studies. These findings are consistent with one of the constructivist claims, namely that children’s early acquisition of determiners is not category-based and their flexibility in using determiners gradually approximates that of adults with development.
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Lin, Yumeng, and Songqi Li. "Children’s Early Acquisition of Syntactic Category: A Corpus-Based Analysis of English Determiner-Noun Combinational Flexibility." International Journal of English Linguistics 12, no. 6 (October 24, 2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v12n6p78.
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While the generativist account posits that an abstract specification of syntactic categories is innate and children show adult-like performance from an early stage, the constructivist account postulates that children’s early acquisition of grammatical categories is item-based and reflects limited rules later. The present study tests these assumptions in a specific category, the English determiners. More specifically, we took the controlled measures of overlap (e.g., the use of definite article the and indefinite articles a/an before the same noun type) in 16 children and their mothers’ spontaneous speech as an indicator of determiner-noun combinational flexibility. A series of three studies were conducted, in which we strictly controlled the impact of differences between children and adults in lexical knowledge. In Study 1 and Study 2, we find that children’s use of determiners shows a significant difference from adults but this difference disappeared later. Furthermore, Study 3 investigates the influence of external environment with birth order and family’s social class as factors and emphasizes that the input factor is worthy of further investigation in future studies. These findings are consistent with one of the constructivist claims, namely that children’s early acquisition of determiners is not category-based and their flexibility in using determiners gradually approximates that of adults with development.
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Lu, Junfeng, Zehao Zhao, Jie Zhang, Bin Wu, Yanming Zhu, Edward F. Chang, Jinsong Wu, Hugues Duffau, and Mitchel S. Berger. "Functional maps of direct electrical stimulation-induced speech arrest and anomia: a multicentre retrospective study." Brain 144, no. 8 (April 1, 2021): 2541–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab125.
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Abstract Direct electrical stimulation, the transient ‘lesional’ method probing brain function, has been utilized in identifying the language cortex and preserving language function during epilepsy and neuro-oncological surgeries for about a century. However, comparison of functional maps of the language cortex across languages/continents based on cortical stimulation remains unclear. We conducted a retrospective multicentre study including four cohorts of direct electrical stimulation mapping from four centres across three continents, where three indigenous languages (English, French and Mandarin) are spoken. All subjects performed the two most common language tasks: number counting and picture naming during stimulation. All language sites were recorded and normalized to the same brain template. Next, Spearman’s correlation analysis was performed to explore the consistency of the distributions of the language cortex across centres, a kernel density estimation to localize the peak coordinates, and a hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to detect the crucial epicenters. A total of 598 subjects with 917 speech arrest sites (complete interruption of ongoing counting) and 423 anomia sites (inability to name or misnaming) were included. Different centres presented highly consistent distribution patterns for speech arrest (Spearman’s coefficient r ranged from 0.60 to 0.85, all pair-wise correlations P < 0.05), and similar patterns for anomia (Spearman’s coefficient r ranged from 0.37 to 0.80). The combinational speech arrest map was divided into four clusters: cluster 1 mainly located in the ventral precentral gyrus and pars opercularis, which contained the peak of speech arrest in the ventral precentral gyrus; cluster 2 in the ventral and dorsal precentral gyrus; cluster 3 in the supplementary motor area; cluster 4 in the posterior superior temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus. The anomia map revealed two clusters: one was in the posterior part of the superior and middle temporal gyri, which peaked at the posterior superior temporal gyrus; and the other within the inferior frontal gyrus, peaked at the pars triangularis. This study constitutes the largest series to date of language maps generated from direct electrical stimulation mapping. The consistency of data provides evidence for common language networks across languages, in the context of both speech and naming circuit. Our results not only clinically offer an atlas for language mapping and protection, but also scientifically provide better insight into the functional organization of language networks.
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Xu, Li, Teresa A. Zwolan, Catherine S. Thompson, and Bryan E. Pfingst. "Efficacy of a Cochlear Implant Simultaneous Analog Stimulation Strategy Coupled with a Monopolar Electrode Configuration." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 114, no. 11 (November 2005): 886–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940511401113.
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Objectives: The present study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and clinical feasibility of using monopolar stimulation with the Clarion Simultaneous Analog Stimulation (SAS) strategy in patients with cochlear implants. Methods: Speech recognition by 10 Clarion cochlear implant users was evaluated by means of 4 different speech processing strategy/electrode configuration combinations; ie, SAS and Continuous Interleaved Sampling (CIS) strategies were each used with monopolar (MP) and bipolar (BP) electrode configurations. The test measures included consonants, vowels, consonant-nucleus-consonant words, and Hearing in Noise Test sentences with a +10 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, subjective judgments of sound quality were obtained for each strategy/configuration combination. Results: All subjects but 1 demonstrated open-set speech recognition with the SAS/MP combination. The group mean Hearing in Noise Test sentence score for the SAS/MP combination was 31.6% (range, 0% to 92%) correct, as compared to 25.0%, 46.7%, and 37.8% correct for the CIS/BP, CIS/MP, and SAS/BP combinations, respectively. Intersubject variability was high, and there were no significant differences in mean speech recognition scores or mean preference ratings among the 4 strategy/configuration combinations tested. Individually, the best speech recognition performance was with the subject's everyday strategy/configuration combination in 72% of the applicable cases. If the everyday strategy was excluded from the analysis, the subjects performed best with the SAS/MP combination in 37.5% of the remaining cases. Conclusions: The SAS processing strategy with an MP electrode configuration gave reasonable speech recognition in most subjects, even though subjects had minimal previous experience with this strategy/configuration combination. The SAS/MP combination might be particularly appropriate for patients for whom a full dynamic range of electrical hearing could not be achieved with a BP configuration.
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Zhao, Ye. "A Pragmatic Analysis of Politeness and Impoliteness Theory in TikTok." Journal of Higher Education Research 3, no. 1 (February 26, 2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jher.v3i1.661.
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Natural language is a combination of polite speech and impolite speech, while politeness is to behave in a decent and thoughtful manner towards other individuals, impoliteness shows people's contempt and dissatisfaction. As the Internet advances, impolite speech occurs increasingly. Thus, this research aims at furthering politeness and impoliteness analysis, then let people have a deeper understanding of polite and impolite speeches in an international short video platform — TikTok.
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Capobianco, Micaela, Elena Antinoro Pizzuto, and Antonella Devescovi. "Gesture–speech combinations and early verbal abilities." Interaction Studies 18, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.18.1.03cap.
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This study provides new longitudinal evidence on two major types of gesture–speech combination that play different roles in children’s early language. We analysed the spontaneous production of 10 Italian children observed monthly from 10–12 to 23–25 months of age. We evaluated the extent to which the developmental trends observed in children’s early gesture–word and word–word productions can predict subsequent verbal abilities. The results indicate that “complementary” and “supplementary” gesture–speech combinations predict subsequent language development in a different manner: While the onset of “supplementary” combinations predicts the onset of two-word combinations, the use of “complementary” combinations at 12 and 18 months predicts the vocabulary and the ability to produce more words utterances at 2 years of age. Moreover, the results suggest that both “complementary” and “supplementary” crossmodal combinations are good predictive indexes of early verbal skills during the second year of age.
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Paglialonga, A., S. Fiocchi, M. Parazzini, P. Ravazzani, and G. Tognola. "Influence of tinnitus sound therapy signals on the intelligibility of speech." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 125, no. 8 (June 10, 2011): 795–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215111000867.
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AbstractObjective:To assess the influence on speech intelligibility of various signals used in tinnitus sound therapy.Materials and methods:We measured, in normal hearing subjects, the intelligibility of speech in the presence of three different sound therapy signals: wide-band noise, a recording of moving water, and a combination of tones.Results:For a given level of stimulation, speech intelligibility was worst in the presence of wide-band noise, compared with the other sound therapy signals. When the stimulation level of the three different signals was increased, speech intelligibility deteriorated more rapidly with wide-band noise, compared with the other two signals. The combination of tones had the least influence on speech intelligibility.Conclusion:The use of different tinnitus sound therapy signals can lead to significantly different effects on the intelligibility of speech. The use of natural sound recordings or combinations of tones may provide the patient with more flexibility to change the stimulation level during treatment.
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Redkva, Andriy. "THE PHONOSEMANTIC FEATURES OF PUBLICISTIC TEXTS (ON THE BASIS OF SPEECHES OF GERMAN-SPEAKING POLITICIANS)." Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no. 831-832 (2021): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/gph2021.831-832.273-280.
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The research is based on the analysis of phonemic combinations – the study of initial consonant combinations in German with a single method taking into account all the basic parameters of phonosemantics. The language sounds are connected to the non-sound imagery. The consciousness of speakers reflects the objectively existing patterns in a sound system of the language. Not only the reflections but also the facts of the speakers’ consciousness are significant for the research. The paper is dedicated to the research of the German phonemic word combinations (e.g. phonesthemes [bl-], [br-], [dr-], [fl-], [fr-], [gl-], [gn-]…, the total number is 29 units), and the material of the research is speeches of German politicians (Angela Merkel and Joachim Gauck) and Austrian politicians (Alexander Van der Bellen and Heinz Fischer). For the research, a sample of 30 speeches of each politician, which embraced different topics, was conducted. The total number of the word usage was determined in every speech. The speeches bring up such subjects, which make an average citizen anxious, as “war”, “economics”, “culture” and “politics”. The detected phonemic vocabulary was initially processed in separate speeches, and then this same phonemic vocabulary was processed in accordance with the topic to which a certain speech belongs. Then, speeches according to their subject, idea, and influence on a listener were grouped in relation to their emotional and connotative perception on the scale of "evaluation". They were divided into positive, negative and neutral. In the study, it was discovered which exactly the phonetic vocabulary is considered to be either positive or negative, and how it affects the perception of speech in general. It was also determined which phonesthemes are more commonly used in publicistic texts.
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Arnold, Derek H., Morgan Tear, Ryan Schindel, and Warrick Roseboom. "Audio-Visual Speech Cue Combination." PLoS ONE 5, no. 4 (April 16, 2010): e10217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010217.
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Tynalieva, V. "DEPENDENCE BETWEEN THE WORD, THE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNIT AND THE «FREE» WORD-COMBINATION." Vestnik Bishkek state university af. K. Karasaev 1, no. 59 (April 28, 2022): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35254/bhu/2022.59.58.
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The article under consideration dwells on the interrelationship between the word, its idiomatic equivalent and the word-combination. In actual speech words always come up in word-combinations. The lexical meaning of relatively ‘free’ word-combinations is the combined meaning of the component parts. But they are ‘free’ only in inverted commas because of the rules of lexical-phraseological combinability of words of this or that language. Substitutability of lexical components is the distinguishing feature of ‘free’ word-combinations in contrast to phraseological units. The latter, although consist of several words, semantically whole and convey a global meaning. Phraseological units are reproduced in speech.
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Kundegorski, Mikolaj, Philip J. B. Jackson, and Bartosz Ziółko. "Two-Microphone Dereverberation for Automatic Speech Recognition of Polish." Archives of Acoustics 39, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoa-2014-0045.
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Abstract Reverberation is a common problem for many speech technologies, such as automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. This paper investigates the novel combination of precedence, binaural and statistical independence cues for enhancing reverberant speech, prior to ASR, under these adverse acoustical conditions when two microphone signals are available. Results of the enhancement are evaluated in terms of relevant signal measures and accuracy for both English and Polish ASR tasks. These show inconsistencies between the signal and recognition measures, although in recognition the proposed method consistently outperforms all other combinations and the spectral-subtraction baseline.
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Montlick, Terry. "Combination speech synthesis and recognition apparatus." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85, no. 6 (June 1989): 2693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.397292.
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Dua, Mohit, Rajesh Kumar Aggarwal, and Mantosh Biswas. "Optimizing Integrated Features for Hindi Automatic Speech Recognition System." Journal of Intelligent Systems 29, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 959–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2018-0057.
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Abstract An automatic speech recognition (ASR) system translates spoken words or utterances (isolated, connected, continuous, and spontaneous) into text format. State-of-the-art ASR systems mainly use Mel frequency (MF) cepstral coefficient (MFCC), perceptual linear prediction (PLP), and Gammatone frequency (GF) cepstral coefficient (GFCC) for extracting features in the training phase of the ASR system. Initially, the paper proposes a sequential combination of all three feature extraction methods, taking two at a time. Six combinations, MF-PLP, PLP-MFCC, MF-GFCC, GF-MFCC, GF-PLP, and PLP-GFCC, are used, and the accuracy of the proposed system using all these combinations was tested. The results show that the GF-MFCC and MF-GFCC integrations outperform all other proposed integrations. Further, these two feature vector integrations are optimized using three different optimization methods, particle swarm optimization (PSO), PSO with crossover, and PSO with quadratic crossover (Q-PSO). The results demonstrate that the Q-PSO-optimized GF-MFCC integration show significant improvement over all other optimized combinations.
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Polyakova, Liliya S., Yulia V. Yuzhakova, Tatyana Yu Zalavina, and Natalya V. Dyorina. "Linguistic Manipulation Means in English Political Discourse." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 33 (October 19, 2020): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.33.09.3.
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The scientific article presents a study of the ways of expressing manipulation in politics, which is performed in English political discourse by means of language. Carefully selected language units, used by politicians in public speaking, in combination with social factors, can be a powerful instrument for managing public opinion, i.e. manipulation. The authors analyze public speeches delivered by English politicians. Manipulation is an integral part of American political discourse, all speech strategies of which are aimed at one purpose: to influence a recipient, persuade him or her to make a decision that will be beneficial for a politician. The article considers the main strategies, tactics and types of manipulation used in the modern political sphere. An analysis of public speeches of English politicians proves the importance of speech manipulative techniques for successful achievement of political goals.
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Trofimova, Valeria A. "Logos as a Source of Communicative Pressure Confrontation in Various Types of Discourse." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 1(2021) (March 25, 2021): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2021-1-268-279.
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The paper dwells upon the study of logos as one of the sources of communicative pressure destructiveness. The paper considers peculiarities of realizing logos conflictogenes in various types of discourse: legal, socio-political and artistic. The material for the study is represented by transcripts of the lawyers’ speeches in the courtroom, transcripts of the politicians’ speeches in the parliament and socio-political talk shows, interviews, as well as excerpts from the works of art. With the language norm adopted as a speech standard, it is proposed to single out argumentation as an individual non-rhetorical type of persuasion. Rhetorical types of persuasion distinguish between speech persuasion as a cooperative type and communicative pressure as a confrontational type. Introduction of conflictogenes into one or more components of the speech model qualifies the speech persuasion as communicative pressure. A logos conflictogene is represented by an illogical statement caused by violation of the laws of formal logic. It is concluded that conflictogenes can perform their primary and secondary functions on the basis of which their possible combinations in the communicative pressure speech model are presented. The paper establishes the primary nature of logos conflictogenes. Moreover, their implementation in the speech model leads to the formation of secondary conflictogenes in the ethos. Although logos conflictogenes can realize the primary source of communicative pressure confrontation, most often they are accompanied by primary conflictogenes of the other components in the speech model. As a rule, it is stipulated by the lack of valid arguments which makes the addresser intensify speech persuasion by appealing to the emotional sphere of the addressee’s consciousness. Logos conflictogenes realizing communicative pressure should be distinguished from communicative errors, which are of an accidental unintentional nature and do not serve the pragmatic goal of the statement.
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Perdana, Rizky Ramadhan, Dwi Anggani Linggar Bharati, and Issy Yuliasri. "Realization Of Assertive Speech Acts Performed By The National University Debating Championship Grand Final 2020." English Education Journal 10, no. 4 (December 23, 2021): 566–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/eej.v10i4.48119.
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This study was focused on evaluating the realization of the assertive speech acts performed by the government and opposition teams in the NUDC Grand Final 2020. The analysis included the analysis of assertive speech acts, the comparison between the assertive speech act performed by both teams, and the pedagogical implication toward English education. The results of the study showed that twelve types of assertive speech acts were found in their utterances during their speech, such as asserting, arguing, informing, claiming, predicting, suggesting, stating, criticizing, rebutting, reminding, complaining, and reporting assertive speech act in which stating assertive speech act had achieved significant used during the government teams’ speeches. Meanwhile, arguing and criticizing assertive speech act almost reached the highest number of altogether just slightly below stating assertive speech act which confirmed that aside from the declarative statements employed within the arguments, the opposition team was revealed to show their strong disagreement toward the government team’s arguments. Moreover, the realization of the assertive speech act helps English education students to build their communicative skills by considering the purpose and structure of the assertive speech act. For further study, it is expected that future research could examine the combination of assertive speech act and the other speech acts in the debate since the speakers do not merely use assertive speech acts. Since this study also focused on the pedagogical implication for English education, it would be better if future research could scrutinize the implementation of speech acts during the ESL or EFL classroom.
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Ali, Arshad, Athar Rashid, and Munib Ahmed. "A Corpus Assisted Positive Discourse Analysis of President Xi Jinping’s Speech at The National Assembly of Pakistan." Journal of South Asian Studies 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jsas.010.01.3870.
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State visits to friendly countries are a contemporary global trend. The speeches of heads of state are analyzed from a variety of angles. Positive discourse analysis of international leaders' speeches has gained prominence, particularly in Pakistan, following the inauguration of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). This 42-billion-dollar project, which was officially launched in 2013, has sparked intense regional and international debate. The study employs corpus-based positive discourse analysis. It is a combination of concordance and appraisal research using Baker's lexical category model. The adjectives associated with lexical items are analyzed from a PDA perspective. Three appraisal resources have been used to evaluate Xi's speech: the attitude system, the engagement system, and the graduation system. Following the analysis, it is discovered that President Xi's speech contains numerous positive resources. He strives to build a brotherly relationship with his audience based on mutual equality, respect, love, and strategic partnership. President Xi used language that demonstrates increased engagement. The current study applies positive discourse analysis to the speeches of the Chinese president, opening up new avenues for appraisal theory research.
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STANFIELD, CARMEN, REBECCA WILLIAMSON, and ŞEYDA ÖZÇALIŞKAN. "How early do children understand gesture–speech combinations with iconic gestures?" Journal of Child Language 41, no. 2 (March 27, 2013): 462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000913000019.
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ABSTRACTChildren understand gesture+speech combinations in which a deictic gesture adds new information to the accompanying speech by age 1;6 (Morford & Goldin-Meadow, 1992; ‘push’+point at ball). This study explores how early children understand gesture+speech combinations in which an iconic gesture conveys additional information not found in the accompanying speech (e.g., ‘read’+BOOK gesture). Our analysis of two- to four-year-old children's responses in a gesture+speech comprehension task showed that children grasp the meaning of iconic co-speech gestures by age three and continue to improve their understanding with age. Overall, our study highlights the important role gesture plays in language comprehension as children learn to unpack increasingly complex communications addressed to them at the early ages.
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Khodjayeva, Dilafruz Izzatilloyevna, and Parvina Ulugbek qizi Mustafoyeva. "Position and combination of sounds in speech." International Journal on Integrated Education 3, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i1.312.
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This article examines position and combination of speech sound in Phonology. As a result of different factors in speech, sounds interact. These factors depend on the role of bin volume, its proximity to other sounds, the nature of the combination of sounds and the emphasis.
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Topalović, Marko, Đorđe Damnjanović, Aleksandar Peulić, Milan Blagojević, and Nenad Filipović. "SYLLABLE-BASED SPEECH RECOGNITION USING ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND DECISION SET CLASSIFIER." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 27, no. 02 (March 17, 2015): 1550020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237215500209.
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During the speech, contractions of muscles in the speech apparatus produce myoelectric signals that can be picked up by electrodes, filtered and analyzed. The problem of extraction of speech information from these signals is significant for patients with damaged speech apparatus, such as laryngectomy patients, who could use speech recognition based on myoelectric signal classification to communicate by means of the synthetic speech. In the most previously conducted research, classification is performed on a ten word vocabulary which resulted in a good classification rate. In this paper, a possibility for myoelectric syllable based speech classification is analyzed on a significantly larger vocabulary with novel decision set based classifier which is simple, easy to adapt, convenient for research and similar to the way humans think. In order to have a high quality of recorded myoelectric signals, analysis of the optimal position of electrodes is performed. Classification is performed by comparison between syllable combination and whole words. Based on classification rate, words can belong to easy, medium or hard to distinguish group. Results based on generated list of best matching combinations show that decision set analysis of myoelectric signals for speech recognition is a promising novel method.
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Du, Shan'shan'. "The peculiarities of speech portrait of Russian female politicians." Litera, no. 6 (June 2021): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.6.35775.
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The relevance of analyzing the speech aspect of political communication of Russian female lies in the fact that today the current focus of attention is the questions of creating a political image of state and public figures for achieve the needed social effects. A significant role in the process of creating the image is assigned not only to physical appearance of the politician, but also to peculiarities of their communication with the audience. The goal of this article is the analysis of speech portrait of a public linguistic personality on the example of modern Russian female politicians. The research employs contextological analysis and semantic-stylistic analysis, which allows revealing the semantic content of speeches and determining various stylistic functions in linguistic practice. Characteristic is given to the internal and external side of the personality image, specificity of its formation in the minds of the audience, peculiarities of the speech portrait of prominent Russian female politicians. The author pinpoints the important role of language in the sociopolitical and public spheres of communication. The conclusion is made on the degree of presence of masculine and feminine traits in the linguistic portrait of female politicians, the factors that substantiate such combination, as well as the desire of the female politicians to represent themselves as a “person of the people”. The analysis of speech portrait is conducted on the example of public speeches, polemics with opponents, etc, which implies an outline of a political position using speech techniques for effective resolution of the set tasks.
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Morford, Marolyn, and Susan Goldin-Meadow. "Comprehension and production of gesture in combination with speech in one-word speakers." Journal of Child Language 19, no. 3 (October 1992): 559–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900011569.
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ABSTRACTThis study explores the role that gesture plays in the earliest stages of language learning. We describe how one-word speakers use gesture in combination with speech in their spontaneous communications, and interpret gesture presented in combination with speech in an experimental situation. Forty one-word speakers (ages 1;2.22 to 2;4.6) were videotaped in a free-play session which provided data on the child's spontaneous gesture and speech production. The children were also given a comprehension task in which the presence and absence of gesture were systematically varied in relation to speech. We found that (1) all of the children spontaneously produced gestures in combination with speech, and (2) all of the children were able to understand gesture when it was presented in combination with speech, not only when the gesture was redundant with speech but also when the gesture substituted for speech. These data suggest that, even at this young age, gesture naturally forms an integrated system with speech in both production and comprehension.
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Schaberg, David. "Remonstrance in Eastern Zhou Historiography." Early China 22 (1997): 133–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800003266.
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Remonstrances (jian 諫) reveal a great deal about the writing of history in China during the Eastern Zhou. As represented in the Zuozhuan and Guoyu, remonstrances, like other speeches, are normally delivered in court and address questions of official policy. They tend to test contemporary phenomena against the lessons of the past, especially as those lessons have been formulated in the Shijing, the Shangshu, aphorisms, and other forms of what I term “inherited speech.” Remonstrances also have the support of the third-person historical narrative which surrounds them; the ruler who ignores a remonstrance always suffers for his obstinacy. After briefly discussing the importance of speeches in the Zuozhuan and Guoyu, I outline the structure of a remonstrance and examine four passages in which critical speech, including remonstrance, is said to have circulated freely in the courts of an idealized early period. Next I show how remonstrances match observed historical particulars with fragments of inherited speech. The famous remonstrance of Gong zhi Qi, an exemplary episode, shows how this application of inherited speech guides rhetorical choices and establishes Traditionalist or Confucian terms as the keys to historical intelligibility. Finally, I examine a set of remonstrances which are exceptional in that they do not include overt citations of inherited speech. Among these, military remonstrances can genuinely eschew explicit citation of lessons of the past, while others borrow the authority of inherited speech without seeming to do so. In one case, a brief remonstrance has apparently acquired the status of an aphorism, so that already when it is first uttered it qualifies as a sort of inherited speech. In another case, a precursor of the indirect remonstrances (fengjian 諷諫) of later periods, remonstrators use a theatrical combination of actions and speech to criticize their superior's departure from correct ways. As texts in which the speakers (and behind them the authors) of the Zuozhuan and Guoyu state explicitly their understanding of historical causation, remonstrances make it possible for us to understand the ideals which operate implicitly throughout the narratives of these works.
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Loven, Faith C., and M. Jane Collins. "Reverberation, Masking, Filtering, and Level Effects on Speech Recognition Performance." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 31, no. 4 (December 1988): 681–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3104.681.
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The purpose of this investigation was to describe the interactive effects of four signal modifications typically encountered in everyday communication settings. These modifications included reverberation, masking, filtering, and fluctuation in speech intensity. The relationship between recognition performance and spectral changes to the speech signal due to the presence of these signal alterations was also studied. The interactive effects of these modifications were evaluated by obtaining indices of nonsense syllable recognition ability from normally hearing listeners for systematically varied combinations of the four signal parameters. The results of this study were in agreement with previous studies concerned with the effect of these variables in isolation on speech recognition ability. When present in combination, the direction of each variable's effect on recognition performance is maintained; however, the magnitude of the effect increases. The results of this investigation are reasonably accounted for by a spectral theory of speech recognition.
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Choi, Sook-Nam, and Hyun-Yeol Chung. "Noise Robust Speech Recognition Based on Parallel Model Combination Adaptation Using Frequency-Variant." Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea 32, no. 3 (May 31, 2013): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7776/ask.2013.32.3.252.
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Suciati, Suciati, and Yuniar Diyanti. "Suprasegmental Features of Indonesian Students’ English Pronunciation and the Pedagogical Implication." SAGA: Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics 2, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/saga.2020.21.62.
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This minor study aims at describing learners’ features of pronunciation in terms of their suprasegmental aspects found in their speech. Students were asked to read aloud a text entitled The Gorilla Joke from the © BBC British Council 2006. Students oral narrations were then analysed in terms of their intonation pattern and stress assignment in sentence level. A metrical analysis was also used to show how students produced their speech rhythm. The result of the analysis shows that given the same text to read students may produce various combination of intonation patterns. Students also misplaced stress within the syllables or assigned no stress at all. Based on the metrical phonology analysis, learners did not assign foot timely based on the timing units in connected speeches. The speech production is more like a broken speech. Students also neglected the morphophonemics rules in which they did not produce the appropriate allomorphs [t], [d], and [id] in the past participle words. These features bring about some pedagogical implication.
Keywords: student’ pronunciation features, suprasegmental aspects
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Mileshina, Larisa V., and Svetlana V. Piskunova. "Use of fixed combinations in the modern student’s speech." Neophilology, no. 21 (2020): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2020-6-21-21-26.
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We consider the issue of fixed combinations associated with their use, the relationship with the system of phraseological units and memes in the speech of a modern student. We determine the semantics and function of some popular speech units formed due to the influence of Internet communication, this affects the state of the language culture of the people. We reveal the most frequent memes in students’ oral speech. The reasons why memes in oral speech have replaced phraseological units become expression mean constantly using these fixed combinations on the Internet. It was found that students, among whom the majorities are active users of the network, react to the repetition of memes, their brightness, and relevance for the expression of the emotions. Short-term, constant updating gives these combinations the novelty effect. The desire for adequate communication in school society, lacking sufficient experience of speech creativity form its own system of language expression of students, as well as the productivity of the fixed combinations use. The constant use of fixed units of a new type introduces them into the limits of personal relationships, acquires the character of a system, so it negatively affects not only the culture of communicants.
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McEachern, Diane, and William O. Haynes. "Gesture-Speech Combinations as a Transition to Multiword Utterances." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 13, no. 3 (August 2004): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2004/024).
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This study was designed to determine if certain types of gesture-speech combinations act as transitional phenomena preceding production of 2-word utterances. Ten normally developing children with a mean age of 15 months at the beginning of the study participated in this research. The children were sampled longitudinally at monthly intervals as they approached the onset of early multiword utterances. Temporally synchronized gesture-speech combinations were analyzed over a 6-month period to describe whether they encoded 1 semantic element (pointing to a car and saying "car") or 2 semantic elements (pointing to a car and saying "big"). These gesture-speech combinations were examined in terms of their onset in relation to early multiword combinations. It was found that there was a significant increase in gesture-speech combinations encoding 2 semantic elements during the 6-month period and that the onset of these combinations preceded or co-occurred with the 1st productions of multiword utterances. This finding, coupled with prior studies on smaller numbers of participants, suggests that gesture-speech combinations encoding 2 elements may be a transitional element between single-word communication and the onset of multiword combinations.
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Riekhakaynen, Elena I. "Realization of intervocalic consonant clusters in frequency words of the Russian language." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 17, no. 4 (2020): 672–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2020.411.
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The article describes the realization of frequent words with the intervocalic consonant clusters [gd] and [ljk] in the oral speech of three groups of informants: adult native speakers of the Russian language, children aged four to six years and Chinese students learning Russian as a second language (929 realizations of 11 words). The data obtained confirm the hypothesis that the most frequent form of reduction of the analyzed combinations of consonants in Russian speech is the loss of the first consonant. However, the variants with the reduction of the consonant and without it are equally probable in the speech of native Russian speakers for the majority of the analyzed words. In adult native speakers of Russian, there is a tendency to maintain a consonant cluster when the word is at the absolute beginning of the inter-pause interval. Children aged four to six years tend to use only one variant of the consonant clusters in each of the considered words. The main distinctive feature of Russian speech for Chinese students is the large number of sound changes in both intervocalic consonant combinations, as well as the statistically significant prevalence of the full pronunciation over the variant with the loss of the first consonant in the intervocalic cluster for all words with the [ljk] combination. The results can be used to improve existing automatic speech recognition systems, as well as in teaching Russian as a second language.
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Hudiyono, Yusak, and Suhana Suhana. "Imperative Speech in Learning Process at TK Badak Mekar, Muara Badak, Kutai Kartanegara: A Pragmatic Analysis." CAKRAWALA LINGUISTA 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/cling.v1i1.489.
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<em><span lang="EN-US">This study aims to describe the speech of kindergarten teachers Badak Mekar, Muara Badak, Kutai Kartanegara covering (1) imperative form, (2) imperative politeness. Data analysis used conversational analysis with pragmatic analysis technique. The validity of the data is obtained through observational persistence and triangulation is done during the teaching process. Data collection is done by tapping technique (participant observation), recording techniques, and collect as many as 124 imperative speeches. The results of the first study (1), the imperative form in the speech of the kindergarten of the Badak Mekar kindergarten include (a) the most commonly found structural form is the non-transitive active and passive imperative and (b) the most commonly found pragmatic form is the imperative form (command construction). (2) Secondly, the imperative courtesy of the teacher's speech includes (a) the most commonly found linguistic politeness is a gentle word, a low tone of speech, and polite kinesics gestures, and (b) the most common pragmatic pronunciation is maxima consensus and there is also a combination of two to three maxims. Pragmatic pronunciation based on the most commonly found speech constructions is declarative and interrogative construction. </span></em>
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Phapatanaburi, Khomdet, Wongsathon Pathonsuwan, Longbiao Wang, Patikorn Anchuen, Talit Jumphoo, Prawit Buayai, Monthippa Uthansakul, and Peerapong Uthansakul. "Whispered Speech Detection Using Glottal Flow-Based Features." Symmetry 14, no. 4 (April 8, 2022): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14040777.
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Recent studies have reported that the performance of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) technologies designed for normal speech notably deteriorates when it is evaluated by whispered speech. Therefore, the detection of whispered speech is useful in order to attenuate the mismatch between training and testing situations. This paper proposes two new Glottal Flow (GF)-based features, namely, GF-based Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (GF-MFCC) as a magnitude-based feature and GF-based relative phase (GF-RP) as a phase-based feature for whispered speech detection. The main contribution of the proposed features is to extract magnitude and phase information obtained by the GF signal. In the GF-MFCC, Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) feature extraction is modified using the estimated GF signal derived from the iterative adaptive inverse filtering as the input to replace the raw speech signal. In a similar way, the GF-RP feature is the modification of the relative phase (RP) feature extraction by using the GF signal instead of the raw speech signal. The whispered speech production provides lower amplitude from the glottal source than normal speech production, thus, the whispered speech via Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT) provides the lower magnitude and phase information, which make it different from a normal speech. Therefore, it is hypothesized that two types of our proposed features are useful for whispered speech detection. In addition, using the individual GF-MFCC/GF-RP feature, the feature-level and score-level combination are also proposed to further improve the detection performance. The performance of the proposed features and combinations in this study is investigated using the CHAIN corpus. The proposed GF-MFCC outperforms MFCC, while GF-RP has a higher performance than the RP. Further improved results are obtained via the feature-level combination of MFCC and GF-MFCC (MFCC&GF-MFCC)/RP and GF-RP(RP&GF-RP) compared with using either one alone. In addition, the combined score of MFCC&GF-MFCC and RP&GF-RP gives the best frame-level accuracy of 95.01% and the utterance-level accuracy of 100%.
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Aggarwal, R. K., and Mayank Dave. "Acoustic model combinations for continuous speech recognition system." International Journal of Computational Systems Engineering 1, no. 2 (2012): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcsyse.2012.050231.
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Bazyma, Nataliia, Dmytro Usyk, Iryna Omelchenko, Vadym Kobylchenko, Nataliia Babych, and Svitlana Tsymbal-Slatvinska. "Results of Verification of the Methods of Speech Activity Formation in Children with Autistic Disorders." BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 13, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 88–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/13.1/270.
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The speech activity formation is a pretty complex multifaceted long-term process, particularly, formation of speech activity in children with autistic disorders. According to the research objectives, we have designed corrective-developmental methods of formation of speech activity in pre-school children with autistic disorders. Working on the corrective-developmental methods, we have considered the research results, program requirements to the speech development of elder pre-schoolers, level of speech capabilities of every child, law regularities of the speech function development in ontogenesis and scientific-methodical principles and aspects of the speech development correction for children with speech disorders. As per the principles that we have substantiated, the research-diagnostic, correction-activity and function-speech stages of our methods show their outer and inner bounds. Moreover, the identified stages of the corrective-developmental methods are closely interrelated and characterised with their combination as a continuous pedagogical process; and the knowledge, skills and habits obtained by elder pre-schoolers with autistic disorders are considered as an integral system. We have included initiative as capability to speak in a monologue, motivation as capability to speak in a dialogue, content-richness as saturation of the active oral speech with language units clear to a child with autistic disorders (words, word combinations, phrases, sentences) as well as sound imitations, sound complexes and vocalisation to the main components of speech activity. Thus, after entrenching our methods we have processed and generalised the results of identifying levels of formed speech activity as capability to speak in a monologue and dialogue and use of particular language units according to the quantitative indices.
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Nistiti, Nurul Ulfa. "PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE: PRAGMATIC PRESUPPOSITION IN MOTIVATIONAL SPEECH WITHIN DISCOURSE AND ITS RELEVANCE OF MOTIVATION IN TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS TO REACH GOALS." Prosodi 15, no. 2 (October 11, 2021): 186–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12185.
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This research was taken from online media in the form of a speech on a YouTube channel called the English Speeches Channel featuring an inspiring woman named Muniba Mazari Baloch. She is a Pakistani artist, model, activist, motivational speaker, singer, social reformer, and television host. Her motivational speech is titled we all are Perfectly Imperfect. This research accompaniment three research questions by analyzing the types of presuppositions contained in Muniba Mazari's speech and determining the type of presupposition in his speech that comes up with the confession discourse function, then knowing how far her confessions influences her audiencess through what he delivers. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative by analyzing several utterances in her speech, through two approaches of theory pragmatic presupposition and confessional discourse analysis. The results showed that Muniba Mazari used all types of pragmatic presuppositions (Existential, Factive, Non-Factive, Lexical, Structural, and Counterfactual). Through this type of presupposition, Muniba Mazari also brings out the function of confessional discourse. The function of confessional discourse contained in her speech is a therapeutic, didactic, and interrogatory function. During the research, researchers found the main threat from the combination of these two theories is the strength of Motivational Assertion. The main threat that became the main idea as the direction of Muniba Mazari's speech in motivating her audiences. Then, this main thread also asserts how powerful Muniba Mazari's speech was. In this context, the results bring about optimism, achievable objectives, passion, and confidence. Finally, Muniba Mazari's speech entitled We Are Perfectly Imperfect which contains many moral messages can be said to be a motivational speech. It can be manifested in learning-teaching process. The result of combining these two theories produces the main thread that can be applied by several teachers in motivating their students in the learning-teaching process.
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Nazarova, S. A., and M. Yu Khojieva. "Personal description in the word combination and expression in a speech." International Journal on Integrated Education 3, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i2.317.
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The article discusses the study of the linguistic syntactic form of the words describing a person as a result of substitution analysis of the Uzbek language and the problems of their speech in the use of these units in artistic speech and their study in the context of modern linguistics. It is based on the fact that the derivation of the vocabulary of the person's vocabulary in artistic speech is one of the linguistic methods used to describe the person in Uzbek.
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Palo, Hemanta Kumar, Mihir Narayan Mohanty, and Mahesh Chandra. "Efficient feature combination techniques for emotional speech classification." International Journal of Speech Technology 19, no. 1 (January 20, 2016): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10772-016-9333-9.
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Kubo, Yotaro, Shigeki Okawa, Akira Kurematsu, and Katsuhiko Shirai. "Temporal AM–FM combination for robust speech recognition." Speech Communication 53, no. 5 (May 2011): 716–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2010.08.012.
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Gales, M. J. F., and S. J. Young. "Robust continuous speech recognition using parallel model combination." IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing 4, no. 5 (1996): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/89.536929.
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Goncharova, Evgeniia A., and Mariia G. Tsutsieva. "Linguistic-cognitive and communicative-pragmatic features of a politician’s speech activity in a discursive position “after power”." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 18, no. 2 (2021): 339–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2021.206.
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The cognitive and speech activity of the linguistic personality of a politician in the discursive position “after power” has a number of significant differences in comparison with the stages “before power” and “in power”. Its general cognitive and communicative-pragmatic character that can be described as accumulative-syncretic, adaptive and agonal, is due, firstly, to the seamless combination of substantive-thematic and speech signals of the personal and political past experiences. These experiences are projected onto the issues of the supra-individual present and included in the forecasts of the social future. These signals are present in texts generated by the politician during the post-power period. There is a subject-object “stratification” with a different balance of a subject and/or object functional status in the structure of the linguistic personality of the post-power politician. As a (proactive) subject of cognition and communication, the politician “after power” creates his/her own texts, primarily memoirs and (oral) political speeches. Becoming the object of evaluation, the politician verbally responds to them as a mental-speech subject of speech utterances in communicative situations of interviews, political discussions, public responses to articles of other politicians or comments of journalists that are close or distant to the other side of the communication. At the same time, being an object, not only with social and professional functions, but also personal qualities of the ex-politician are publicly discussed, which indicates the mandatory combination of institutional, professional and individual (third-party) assessment parameters in the structure of his/her personality.
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Han, Chao, and Sijia Chen. "Strategy use in English-to-Chinese simultaneous interpreting." FORUM / Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/forum.14.2.01han.
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Abstract The study reported here attempts to describe and explore possible patterns of strategy use in English-to-Chinese simultaneous interpreting (SI) of fast-delivery and accented speeches, drawing upon a subset of empirical data generated from a larger experimental study (see Han & Riazi 2016). A paralleled text analysis of source speeches and transcripts of interpretations indicates that the interpreters developed a deep repertoire of interpreting strategies, but utilized strategies of syntactic transformation and of substitution most frequently across different speeches. They also employed strategy clusters, a sequential combination of strategies, to cope with complex source-text segments. In addition, the speech rate affected the use of the two prominent strategies (i.e., syntactic transformation and substitution) considerably, whereas the accent did not. These results are explained and their implications for interpreter training are also discussed.
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Diesch, Eugen. "Left and Right Hemifield Advantages of Fusions and Combinations in Audiovisual Speech Perception." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 48, no. 2 (May 1995): 320–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749508401393.
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If a place-of-articulation contrast is created between the auditory and the visual component syllables of videotaped speech, frequently the syllable that listeners report they have heard differs phonetically from the auditory component. These “McGurk effects”, as they have come to be called, show that speech perception may involve some kind of intermodal process. There are two classes of these phenomena: fusions and combinations. Perception of the syllable /da/ when auditory /ba/ and visual /ga/ are presented provides a clear example of the former, and perception of the string /bga/ after presentation of auditory /ga/ and visual /ba/ an unambiguous instance of the latter. Besides perceptual fusions and combinations, hearing visually presented component syllables also shows an influence of vision on audition. It is argued that these “visual” responses arise from basically the same underlying processes that yield fusions and combinations, respectively. In the present study, the visual component of audiovisually incongruous CV-syllables was presented in the left and the right visual hemifield, respectively. Audiovisual fusion responses showed a left hemifield advantage, and audiovisual combination responses a right hemifield advantage. This finding suggests that the process of audiovisual integration differs between audiovisual fusions and combinations and, furthermore, that the two cerebral hemispheres contribute differentially to the two classes of response.
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Richardson, John E. "Sharing values to safeguard the future: British Holocaust Memorial Day commemoration as epideictic rhetoric." Discourse & Communication 12, no. 2 (January 10, 2018): 171–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750481317745743.
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This article explores the rhetoric, and mass mediation, of the national Holocaust Memorial Day (HMD) commemoration ceremony, as broadcast on British television. I argue that the televised national ceremonies should be approached as an example of multi-genre epideictic rhetoric, working up meanings through a hybrid combination of genres (speeches, poems, readings), author/animators and modes (speech, music, light, movement and silence). Epideictic rhetoric has often been depreciated as simply ceremonial ‘praise or blame’ speeches. However, given that the topics of praise/blame assume the existence of social norms, epideictic also acts to presuppose and evoke common values, in general, and a collective recognition of shared social responsibilities, in particular. My methodology draws on the Discourse-Historical Approach to Critical Discourse Analysis, given, first, its central prominence in analysing argumentative strategies in discourse and, second, the ways it facilitates a reflexive ‘shuttling’ between text-discursive features, intertextual relations and wider contexts of society and history. Here, I examine how a catastrophic past is invoked in speech and evoked through image and music, in response to the demands that uncertainty of the future ‘places upon one’s conscience’.
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TAI, CHENG-CHI, CHIH-HSING CHANG, CHUAN-CHING TAN, TSUNG-WEN HUANG, and CHING-CHAU SU. "ADAPTIVE BEAMFORMER WITH COMBINATION OF SUBBAND FILTERING FOR HEARING-AID SYSTEMS BACKGROUND NOISE REDUCTION." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 14, no. 02 (April 25, 2002): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237202000097.
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In this paper, we present a noise reduction technique for hearing-aid systems. The proposed algorithm adopted adaptive beamformer with combination of subband filtering technique. The structure of conventional hearing aids is relatively simple. They amplify ambient sounds that include speech signal as well as noise. Because noise and human speech signal are amplified at the same time, hearing-aid users can't clearly hear speech signal in noisy environment. The direction of sound can be used to discriminate speech signal from noise by combining adaptive noise canceller and adaptive beamformer. We have developed a system that based on the constrained adaptive noise canceller to preserve speech signal from straight ahead and minimize background noise arriving from other directions. This system also uses subband filtering technique to reduce the requirement for computation and enhance the flexibility of the system. The performance of this system is illustrated using simulated and real-world noises. The results show that the developed system can reserve the right ahead speech signal and substantially reject noises from other directions.
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Fujimoto, Masakiyo, and Yasuo Ariki. "Combination of GMM-based speech estimation method and temporal domain SVD-based speech enhancement for noise robust speech recognition." Systems and Computers in Japan 38, no. 3 (2007): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scj.20487.
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Zhang, Hong Ji. "Code-Switching Speech Detection Method by Combination of Language and Acoustic Information." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 3622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.3622.
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In this paper, we propose a new speech detection method to English-Mandarin code-switching speech. Unlike previous methods, in this method we first train a support vector machine (SVM) model based on feature parameters and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) , then integrate the language identification (LID) information based on SVM model and acoustic information into the decoding process. Lastly, we develop a prototype system to present the method. Experiments proved that our method we can improve the accurancy of code-switching speech recognition at a certain degree compared with previous methods.
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Osborne, John. "Fluency, complexity and informativeness in native and non-native speech." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 16, no. 2 (May 26, 2011): 276–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.16.2.06osb.
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Individual speakers vary considerably in their rate of speech, their syntactic choices, and the organization of information in their discourse. This study, based on a corpus of monologue productions from native and non-native speakers of English and French, examines the relations between temporal fluency, syntactic complexity and informational content. The purpose is to identify which features, or combinations of features, are common to more fluent speakers, and which are more idiosyncratic in nature. While the syntax of fluent speakers is not necessarily more complex than that of less fluent speakers, it is suggested that they are able to deliver content more efficiently through a combination of less hesitant speech and of lexical and syntactic choices that allow them to package information more economically.
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Kanji, Amisha, and Katijah Khoza-Shangase. "Objective Hearing Screening Measures: An Exploration of a Suitable Combination for Risk-Based Newborn Hearing Screening." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 29, no. 06 (June 2018): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16155.
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AbstractThe ideal hearing screening measure is yet to be defined, with various newborn hearing screening protocols currently being recommended for different contexts. Such diverse recommendations call for further exploration and definition of feasible and context-specific protocols.The aim of the study was to establish which combinations of audiological screening measures provide both true-positive (TP) and true-negative (TN) results for risk-based hearing screening, at and across time.A longitudinal, repeated-measures design was employed.Three-hundred and twenty-five participants comprised the initial study sample. These participants comprised newborns and infants who were discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit and high care wards to “step down” wards at two public sector hospitals within an academic hospital complex.Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), and automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) were conducted at the initial and repeat hearing screening. Diagnostic audiological assessments were also conducted. Results from combinations of audiological screening measures at the initial and repeat hearing screening were analyzed in relation to the final diagnostic outcome (n = 91). Participants were classified as presenting with an overall “refer” if the outcome for any one test was “refer.” The overall screening outcomes for different test combinations were compared using McNemar’s test for paired data. Proportions across different test combinations were compared by the z-test for proportions.Because of the absence of participants with hearing loss in the current study sample, analysis could only be conducted in relation to TN findings (specificity) and not TP findings (sensitivity). The percentage of TN findings was highest at the repeat hearing screening using any test or combination of tests when compared with findings from the initial hearing screening. TEOAE combined with AABR (TEOAE/AABR) (p < 0.0001), DPOAE combined with AABR (DPOAE/AABR) (p < 0.0001), and the combination of all three screening measures (p < 0.0001) yielded the highest percentage specificity at the repeat hearing screening when compared with the initial hearing screening.The best specificity was noted at the repeat hearing screening. Within a resource stricken context, where availability of all screening measures options may not be feasible, current study findings suggest the use of a two-stage AABR protocol or TEOAE/AABR protocol.
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Goebel, Zane. "Represented speech." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.26.1.03goe.
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This paper draws together discussions around public and private, represented talk, and conviviality by showing how an interviewee uses linguistic features to frame instances of talk as either “represented private talk” or “represented public talk”. My empirical focus is an interview that was recorded as part of fieldwork on leadership practices in the Indonesian bureaucracy. In this interview with a department head it seems that he adds authenticity to accounts of his leadership practices by performing them through represented talk. His use of Javanese in instances of represented talk also helps index intimate social relations between himself and his staff, while in some instances the combination of reference to place and participants also helps to nest ideas of private within represented public talk.