Academic literature on the topic 'Combinational harmonics'
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Journal articles on the topic "Combinational harmonics"
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Pineda Allen, Juan Carlos, and Ching Tai Ng. "Nonlinear Guided-Wave Mixing for Condition Monitoring of Bolted Joints." Sensors 21, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 5093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155093.
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Bolted joints are fundamental to numerous structural components in engineering practice. Nevertheless, their failure or even their loosening can lead to insufficient performance and reduced structural safety. This study presents a theoretical development and experimental investigation into nonlinear guided-wave mixing for integrity monitoring of bolted joints in plates. Combinational harmonics generated due to nonlinear Lamb wave mixing and contact acoustic nonlinearity at the bolted joints were used to evaluate the applied torque level in the joint. The area of the power spectral density in the region of the sum combinational harmonic bandwidth is found to be highly correlated to the applied torque level at the joint. Moreover, the effect of the number of cycles and thus the time duration of the excitation is investigated. The results show that the combinational harmonics remain robust for different numbers of cycles in detecting bolt loosening. The findings presented in this study also provide physical insight into the phenomena of nonlinear Lamb wave mixing for evaluating applied torque in bolted joints, and the results help further advance the use of nonlinear guided waves for damage detection.
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Abd Halim, Wahidah, and Nasrudin Abd Rahim. "Selective Harmonic Elimination Method for Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.122.
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This paper presents a selective harmonic elimination (SHE) modulation technique for cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter. The main advantage of the proposed SHE concept is its simple implementation to eliminate the specific order harmonics. The procedures used to achieve the appropriate switching angles are presented. The switching angles are offline computed using the Newton-Raphson method. The SHE scheme of the adopted inverter uses the relationship between the angles and a sinusoidal reference waveform through some combinational logic gates. Theoretical results are verified by the experimental work of a single-phase 7-level CHB inverter employing an Altera DE2 field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Results show the inverter producing an optimum stepped output voltage when selected low-order harmonics are eliminated and the voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) is improved.
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Xia, Yanwen, Yue Liang, Sen Li, Junpu Zhao, Zhitao Peng, Hongguang Li, Hua Liu, Zhihong Sun, Kuixing Zheng, and Xiaofeng Wei. "Energy measurement system of a large-aperture high power laser experiment platform." High Power Laser Science and Engineering 1, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2013): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hpl.2013.21.
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AbstractAn energy measurement system in a Large-aperture high power laser experiment platform is introduced. The entire measurement system includes five calorimeters, which carry out the energy measurement of the fundamental frequency before the frequency conversion unit, remaining fundamental frequency, remain second-harmonics, third harmonics, as well as the energy balance measurement after the frequency conversion unit. Combinational indirect calibration and direct calibration are employed to calibrate the sampling coefficients of the calorimeters. The analysis of the data showed that, regarding the energy balance coefficients, combinational calibration approach gives a higher precision, and leads to an energy balance with 1%; and regarding the energy sampling coefficients for the various wavelengths after the frequency conversion, the results from direct and combinational calibration are consistent. The uncertainties for all energy sampling coefficients are within 3%, which guarantees the reliability of the energy measurement for the laser facility.
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Xi, Neng, Jia Jun Yang, Wen Wei Liu, Jing Fang Shen, and Yuan Xiong Cheng. "A Novel Approach of Thrust Ripple Minimization by Combinational Iron-Cored Primary in Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 190-191 (July 2012): 638–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.190-191.638.
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The paper presents a technique of combinational iron-cored primary for thrust ripple-free permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM). Due to multiple end sides of primary iron-cores constructed, the low order harmonics of thrust ripple could be directly eliminated. At the same time, each phase of armature windings forms a circulating sequence at side edge, which enables the parameters of the armature windings to be symmetric and constant. Therefore, electromagnetic ripple caused by side effect will be directly removed. The theoretical analysis conducted reveals the basic characteristics of the proposed approach. Numeric simulation of the finite-element method and harmonic analysis verify the correctness of theoretic analysis and direct effects of the approach on eliminating thrust ripple.
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Yurikov, Alexey, Boris Gurevich, Konstantin Tertyshnikov, Maxim Lebedev, Roman Isaenkov, Evgenii Sidenko, Sinem Yavuz, et al. "Evidence of Nonlinear Seismic Effects in the Earth from Downhole Distributed Acoustic Sensors." Sensors 22, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 9382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239382.
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Seismic velocities and elastic moduli of rocks are known to vary significantly with applied stress, which indicates that these materials exhibit nonlinear elasticity. Monochromatic waves in nonlinear elastic media are known to generate higher harmonics and combinational frequencies. Such effects have the potential to be used for broadening the frequency band of seismic sources, characterization of the subsurface, and safety monitoring of civil engineering infrastructure. However, knowledge on nonlinear seismic effects is still scarce, which impedes the development of their practical applications. To explore the potential of nonlinear seismology, we performed three experiments: two in the field and one in the laboratory. The first field experiment used two vibroseis sources generating signals with two different monochromatic frequencies. The second field experiment used a surface orbital vibrator with two eccentric motors working at different frequencies. In both experiments, the generated wavefield was recorded in a borehole using a fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing cable. Both experiments showed combinational frequencies, harmonics, and other intermodulation products of the fundamental frequencies both on the surface and at depth. Laboratory experiments replicated the setup of the field test with vibroseis sources and showed similar nonlinear combinations of fundamental frequencies. Amplitudes of the nonlinear signals observed in the laboratory showed variation with the saturating fluid. These results confirm that nonlinear components of the wavefield propagate as body waves, are likely to generate within rock formations, and can be potentially used for reservoir fluid characterization.
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KRIUCHKOVA, LARYSA, IVAN TSMOKANYCH, and MAKSYM VOVK. "ADVANCED METHOD OF PROTECTION OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION FROM INTERCEPTION BY HIGH-FREQUENCY IMPOSITION METHODS." Computer systems and information technologies, no. 3 (April 14, 2022): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/csit-2021-5-2.
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The processes of formation of technical channels of leakage of confidential information on objects of information activity by methods of high-frequency imposition, physical essence of process of formation of dangerous signals by modulation of probing high-frequency signal by acoustic signals, conditions of formation of basic and auxiliary technical means and systems of dangerous signals are considered. As a basis for improvement, a method of blocking information interception channels by high-frequency imposition is used, in which target active noise protection signals are introduced into the medium used to supply probing oscillations, aimed at destroying informative parameters of dangerous signal with different types of carrier modulation. It is proposed to form a set of protective signals for the destruction of informative parameters of dangerous signals both on the fundamental frequency and on the combinational harmonics of the probing signal, which provides more effective protection of confidential information from interception. The parameters of effective noise protection signals, capable of destroying the informative parameters of dangerous signals of high-frequency imposition on the fundamental frequency and combinational harmonics of the probing signal, have been determined by mathematical and simulation modelling. Basic recommendations for the formation of protective signals are formulated.
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Mamedova, L. M. "On the Combination of Harmonics and Polynoms in Econometric Modeling of RUB/AZN Exchange Rate." Statistics and Economics 19, no. 5 (October 5, 2022): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2022-5-48-58.
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Conducting a combinational polynomial and spectral analysis of time series formed on the basis of daily observations of changes in the RUB/AZN exchange rate with pronounced fluctuations for the period 11.05.2017- 02.11.2018 based on computer econometric modeling.The purpose of the research. The possibility of describing the global rate dynamics by approximation with a combination of a nonlinear polynomial trend and harmonic oscillations of various frequencies relative to this curve; the ability to calculate amplitudes and phases, which can be used to estimate the power spectrum of the Fourier approximation; the ability to develop a high-precision algorithm for predicting exchange rate changes in RUB/AZN.Materials and methodology. The official statistics of the State Statistics Committee of Azerbaijan were used; classical methods of mathematical analysis and economic analysis; methods of econometrics, harmonic (Fourier) analysis, statistical spectral analysis, “Fourier analysis” of the MS Excel add-in, tools of the Eviews 8 application package with the standard deviation and average approximation error being taken into account, the necessary statistical procedures required for identifying and estimating the parameters of the model and checking its adequacy and accuracy.Results. By breaking up the empirical analysis of given time series into time-scale polynomial and time-frequency components. Combinations of the optimal degree of variants of polynomials up to the 11th degree and the number of harmonics of sines and cosines of all possible discrete frequencies were revealed.Conclusion. This result allows us to reconsider the asymmetric impact of RUB/AZN exchange rate pressure on the foreign trade balance between Russia and Azerbaijan. An increase/decrease in exchange rate pressure affects the likelihood of a ruble-manat crisis, while this phenomenon may negatively/positively affect the foreign trade balance and may make it difficult/easier to import resources, goods and services between countries. This, in turn, adds significance to the task of further detailed structuring and analysis of exchange rate changes in RUB/AZN in the face of increased sanction pressures against Russia, thereby actualizing the development of the retrospective part of the study.
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U. Eya, Candidus, Ugwuanyi Oliver O., and Omeje Crescent O. "An Improved Conventional Diode-Clamped Multilevel Inverter Using Non-Zero Triangular- Based Unipolar Modulation Scheme." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL 17 (February 21, 2022): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23203.2022.17.11.
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This paper presents an improved conventional diode-clamped multilevel inverter using non-zero triangular-based unipolar modulation scheme. The proposed scheme is meant to reduce the number of carrier waves, minimize the circuits of modulation scheme and obtain stabilized output voltage waveforms. Non-zero triangular-based unipolar modulation scheme is actualized by using two zero-free triangular wave carriers and two modulating sinewaves for line-to- line five level output voltage waveforms in single phase full bridge diode-clamped multilevel inverter unlike conventional multicarrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation that uses four triangular waves and one modulating sinewave for the same inverter type. The proposed system also used microcontroller in the combinational of its wave signals in order to generate the appropriate triggering signals for switching the power semiconductor switches. The proposed system has the following features: (i) It produces two distinct triggering trains (W1 and W2) meant to reduce the low and high harmonics unlike conventional modulation techniques (ii) All its carrier waves operate in continuous current mode which makes it unique from other multicarrier and other related modulation schemes (iii) it has low component counts. The proposed scheme on the conventional diode-clamped inverter produced the following results: voltage and current with total harmonic distortions of 0.4547%, stabilized 400V output voltage and 20A output current, probability results at each level of voltage and current occurrences are 0.10, 0.25, 0.25, 0.75 and 0.90; power output of 80kW, low component counts of modulation circuit scheme and experimental prototype.
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Kumar Dash, Srikanta, Byamakesh Nayak, and Jiban Ballav Sahu. "Selective Harmonic Elimination of an Eleven Level Inverter Using Whale Optimization Technique." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 1944. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i4.pp1944-1951.
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Reduction of total harmonic distortion in multilevel inverters is a difficult optimization problem that includes nonlinear transcendent equations having more than one local minima.This paper deals with the harmonic elimination of cascaded multilevel inverter with equal D.C. sources using a new optimization technique. The objective of this paper is to find the best combination of switching angles to minimize the lower order harmonics and the total harmonic distortion is reduced. For this purpose, a new optimization techniques i.e. whale optimization technique is considered.This algorithm is applied to an 11-level cascaded H-bridge inverter.Results shows that WOA gives better results and effectively minimizes the THD and lower order harmonics
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Jin, Tao, Yiyang Chen, and Rodolfo C. C. Flesch. "A novel power harmonic analysis method based on Nuttall-Kaiser combination window double spectrum interpolated FFT algorithm." Journal of Electrical Engineering 68, no. 6 (November 1, 2017): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jee-2017-0078.
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AbstractHarmonics pose a great threat to safe and economical operation of power grids. Therefore, it is critical to detect harmonic parameters accurately to design harmonic compensation equipment. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is widely used for electrical popular power harmonics analysis. However, the barrier effect produced by the algorithm itself and spectrum leakage caused by asynchronous sampling often affects the harmonic analysis accuracy. This paper examines a new approach for harmonic analysis based on deducing the modifier formulas of frequency, phase angle, and amplitude, utilizing the Nuttall-Kaiser window double spectrum line interpolation method, which overcomes the shortcomings in traditional FFT harmonic calculations. The proposed approach is verified numerically and experimentally to be accurate and reliable.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Combinational harmonics"
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Boyd, Zachary M. "Convolutions and Convex Combinations of Harmonic Mappings of the Disk." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5238.
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Let f_1, f_2 be univalent harmonic mappings of some planar domain D into the complex plane C. This thesis contains results concerning conditions under which the convolution f_1 ∗ f_2 or the convex combination tf_1 + (1 − t)f_2 is univalent. This is a long-standing problem, and I provide several partial solutions. I also include applications to minimal surfaces.
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石田, 幸男, Yukio ISHIDA, 剛志 井上, Tsuyoshi INOUE, 軍. 劉, Jun LIU, 昭宏 鈴木, and Akihiro SUZUKI. "重力と非線形ばね特性の作用を受ける偏平軸の振動 (調和型振動と超和差型振動）." 日本機械学会, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9053.
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Câmara, Amanda Souza. "Movimentos coletivos harmônicos, suas frequências e combinações lineares, na regulação de três proteínas: na transição alostérica da DEA, na ativação por redução da MosR e na ligação da ElrR ao DNA." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-17102017-151821/.
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Nas duas últimas décadas, houve um enorme aumento no número de estruturas proteicas resolvidas, e entre elas há uma variedade imensa de proteínas com mais de uma conformação observada. Essa quantidade incontestável de dados experimentais corroboram a hipótese de que cada proteína exista num espaço conformacional próprio, onde ela possa adotar inúmeras conformações, umas mais distintas ou estáveis que outras. Essas conformações estão distribuídas nesse espaço de acordo com sua energia potencial, que pode ser definida como uma superfície cheia de rugosidades, poços e barreiras energéticas. Duas conformações distantes nesse espaço são muito diferentes entre si, enquanto que duas conformações próximas são mais semelhantes. Da mesma forma, se distinguem os movimentos necessários para passar de uma conformação à outra. Para uma proteína passar de um estado a outro, geralmente identificados com grandes mudanças conformacionais, é necessário um movimento coletivo. Por ser de grande amplitude, esse tipo de movimento ocorre com baixa frequência, e dificilmente é observado em simulações clássicas de dinâmica molecular. Assim, existem métodos dedicados à obtenção destes movimentos, como a análise de modos normais, os modelos de redes elásticas e a análise de componentes principais. Neste trabalho, adaptamos o método de transformada de Fourier para recuperar modos harmônicos que compõem uma trajetória simulada suficientemente longa para analisar três proteínas distintas quanto a seus movimentos biológicos de importância funcional. Uma é a DEA, cuja simetria hexagonal observamos influenciar nos modos coletivos e na transição entre estados. Outra é a MosR, que simulamos em seus dois estados diferentes, oxidado ou reduzido, para encontrar como a oxidação é capaz de impedir os movimentos coletivos que levam à conformação ligada ao DNA. Nestas duas proteínas, observamos que nenhum modo por si só é responsável pela transição entre as conformações experimentais, mas que eles dependem de outros modos ou outras mudanças conformacionais ocorrendo de forma combinada. A terceira proteína analisada é um regulador transcricional, assim como a MosR, a ElrR, cuja estrutura é conhecida somente na forma apo. Neste trabalho, construímos modelos da ElrR ligada ao DNA pela combinação linear de modos harmônicos para modelar um possível ligante na nova conformação do sítio alostérico. As amplitudes usadas nessa combinação foram obtidas pelo método de mínimos quadrados, visando minimizar o desvio em relação somente às coordenadas que as hélices de reconhecimento devem apresentar para se ligar ao sítio de DNA. Este prognóstico foi feito pela análise metódica das estruturas de 27 reguladores transcricionais, homodiméricos com o motivo HTH, em complexo com DNA. Essa análise também nos permitiu descrever a estereoquímica do encaixe das hélices de reconhecimento nos sulcos maiores do DNA com novos parâmetros geométricos, intimamente relacionados com a simetria do complexo, com a sequência de resíduos das hélices de reconhecimento e com a sequência de bases do sítio de DNA, de forma a auxiliar na modelagem de novos complexos.There was an enormous increase in the deposited protein structures in the past two decades, among them there is a great variety of proteins with more than one observed conformation. This undenieble amount of experimental data ratify the hypothesis that each protein posseses its own conformational space, where it can adopt countless conformations, some more distinct or stable than others. These conformations are distributed in the space according to its potential energy, which maybe defined as a rough landscape fulled with energetic wells and barriers. Two conformations lying apart from each other in this landscape do not carry much resemblances, while neighbouring conformations are very similar. The motions required to get one conformation to another are just as distinguishable. There must be a collective motion inbetween two states of a protein, commonly characterized by large conformation changes. This type of motion is related to large amplitudes and low frequencies, thus it is hardly seen in classical molecular dynamics simulations. Therefore, there are dedicated methods to obtain these motions, as normal modes analysis, elastic network models and essential dynamics. In this work we adapted the method of Fourier transform filtering to retrieve harmonic modes that compose a simulated trajectory and thus analise the biological motions with functional importance of three distinct proteins. One is DEA, which hexagonal symmetry was observed to affect its collective motions and the transition between biological states. Another protein is MosR, which we simulated in two different states, oxidized or reduced, to learn how the formation of a disulphide bridge is able to preclude the collective motions that lead to a DNA-binding conformation. With these two proteins we observed that no mode by itself is responsible for the transition between experimental conformations, and they actually depend on other conformational changes occurring in a combined manner. The third protein that we analised, ElrR, is a transcriptional regulator, like MosR, which structure is known only on its apo form. Hence in this work we built models of ElrR bound to DNA by the linear combination of harmonic modes aiming to model a ligand that would fit in the allosteric site upon the conformational changes driven by the collective motions. The amplitudes we used in this method were calculated by the least square method to minimize the deviation to the positions of the recognition helices when bound to the DNA. This prognostic of the target position of the recognition helices was made upon the methodical analysis of 27 structures of homodimeric transcriptional regulators, that present the Helix-Turn-Helix motif, complexed with DNA. This approach allowed us to describe the stereochemical fitting of the recognition helices into the DNA major grooves with new geometrical parameters intimatelly related to the symmetry of the complex, the residue sequence of the recognition helices and the base sequence of the DNA site, providing thus support to model new complexes.
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Yeung, Carman. "Investigation of Linear and Nonlinear Torsional Guided Waves in Hollow Circular Cylinders for Damage Detection." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/130216.
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Non-destructive testing plays an important role in structural health monitoring. One of the promising options is the use of guided wave for damage detection in engineering applications, such as pipeline and truss system. Common types of damage in the structures include cracks and corrosion. Guided wave is sensitive to cracks up to micro scale. Long range inspection is the other benefit of using guided wave. The overall aim of this thesis is to present a systematic investigation of guided wave in pipe-like structures to gain physical insights into linear and nonlinear features associated with torsional guided wave interaction with damage.
This thesis includes a number of published and prepared journal papers under the same topic. The overview of linear and nonlinear guided wave, and guided wave mixing is introduced in Chapter 1. A computational model using one-dimensional time-domain spectral finite element with cracked element is presented in Chapter 2. This chapter mainly focuses on linear features of guided wave, such as scattering and mode conversion phenomena. The results show that the proposed cracked model has good agreement between the experimental results and three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) simulations.
Nonlinear guided wave is highly sensitive to early stage of micro cracks. Material nonlinearity is one of the nonlinear phenomena in the presence of the micro cracks. It can induce higher-order harmonics of guided wave. Guided wave mixing is the advanced version of nonlinear guided wave since the generation of combinational harmonics at sum and difference frequencies can minimise the effect due to the nonlinearity generated by equipment. Chapter 3 analyses the nonlinear characteristics of two interacting fundamental torsional guided wave modes numerically and experimentally. Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 are the extension parts based on the work in Chapter 3 since pipe-like structures are commonly used in many circumstances, for example embedded pipes and pre-stressed hollow structures. Comprehensive studies in this thesis can gain more understanding for the real applications. In Chapter 4, a 3D FE embedded pipe model with the implementation of nonlinear strain energy function is established to simulate the energy leakage of guided wave propagation due to the existence of soil media. The use of 3D laser scanning system receives guided wave signals from the surface of the pipe for verification. Both numerical and experimental results indicate a significant decline in the interested harmonics at mixed frequency and single frequency. On the other hand, acoustoelastic effect is studied in Chapter 5. A series of case studies are carried out to observe the group velocity change with respect to different levels of loading. The nonlinear features, such as combinational harmonics and second harmonics, are also investigated numerically and experimentally.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, 2020
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Yang, Wei-Yeh, and 楊偉業. "Combination of Ultrasonic Nakagami Image and Fundamental-to-Harmonic Energy for Characterizing Scatterers and Media in a Biological Tissue." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21232525027280770897.
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碩士臺灣大學
應用力學研究所
98
Ultrasound image is widely used for medical and research purposes due to many properties such as a real-time capabilities, non-invasive and low cost. But conventional B-mode image is not enough to describe the environment within the tissue , it is necessary to use some parameters to characterize when the tissue changes. This paper focuses on using Nakagami parameter and fundamental to harmonic energy ration to characterize when the scatterers and media change in tissue. In the rat liver fibrosis experimental, the results show that there is a positive correlation between Nakagami parameter and dosage in the early stage of liver fibrosis when biopsy score is 0. Additionally, as can be seen from the rat fatty liver experiment, not only does the nonlinearity degree of the fatty liver tissue change, but its Nakagami parameter also increases with increase in dosage. According to previous studies is known that liver fibrosis is the scatterers increases in the tissue, and the degree of fibrosis can indeed be determined by using Nakagami parameter. Fatty liver is due to the fact that the degree of nonlinearity of the tissue media increases. However, using Nakagami parameter to determine this increase is not fully developed. Animals experiments also showed that the Nakagami parameter can not distinguish when scatterers and media change in tissue. Therefore, we develop a complementary method with the Nakagami image, which is fundamental to harmonic energy ratio h/f, to distinguish the difference clearer. In the phantom experiment, we change the amount of scatterers and fat content to experiment. We use the ultrasound backscattered signals to get the spectra after using fast Fourier transform(FFT) without and with empirical mode decomposition (EMD), and calculate the fundamental to harmonic energy ratio form the spectra. We found that h/f declines with increase of scatterers in the phantom, and h/f rise with increase of fat content in the phantom. These results exactly make up the shortage of Nakagami parameter. Moreover, in the future, if the animal tests show positive results, this method is expected to be used in clinic.
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Chen, Chien-Hui, and 陳芊卉. "A Digital Game-based Learning System Using Graph Theory to Evaluate Harmonious Color Combination Rules in Art Education." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46z7g2.
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碩士中原大學
資訊工程研究所
102
The main objectives of this paper are 1. Combines mission-based learning model and digital game-based learning as a computer-assisted instruction system to teach basic color theory. 2. Defined an algorithm of how system judges the mission using the concept of graph and four-color problem. 3. There is an experiment to test will the system helps improve the educational outcomes of students. Mission-based learning model is a kind of task-based learning. The learners will be divided in groups and trying to achieve some mission in a creative way through an access to the resources available on network or textbooks in learning some knowledge through the mission. The goal of the mission-based learning model is try to help learners solve different kind problems autonomously without help. The system is built as a strategy and simulation game built on computer, it’s applied the mission-based learning model in the system. Many closed geometric shapes for users to coloring with compose the mission in the system. The system will see the mission as a graph. With the concept of one of a famous problem in graph, four-color problem, for each closed geometric shape, the system will see it as a vertex. Every vertex is adjacent to every other vertex if they are connected to each other in the graph. The system will use the algorithm to calculate the score that learner get. For the experiment, the participants of this experiment are the students in seventh grade in Da Ren Girls High School in Taipei, Taiwan. Students divided in two groups, experimental group and control group, and each group is a class. The different of these two groups is the experimental group is using the system and the control group is using watercolor in the class during the practice. With the result of experiment, the experimental group does have better learning outcome and higher learning interesting than control group.
Books on the topic "Combinational harmonics"
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Shumilina, Vera, Yuliya Mezentseva, Tat'yana Sidorina, Nataliya Izvarina, Kristina Bondareva, Olga Astashova, Kirill Cherkasov, et al. Taxation problems in modern conditions. au: AUS PUBLISHERS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/monography_618ba40f3f6172.15237203.
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In recent years, one of the most acute and unsolved problems facing our country is the problem of taxation. An effective economy is inconceivable without the creation of an effective institution of taxation, which is the main conductor of state interests, and is a natural result of the tax policy pursued by the state. Effective taxation can be ensured by solving a number of problems and ensuring a harmonious combination of the selected tax mechanism with the goals and objectives set by the state in managing the country's economy. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that today one of the most acute problems of our economy is the lack of financial resources, and taxes are one of the most important sources of replenishment of the state budget and affect the development of market relations. In turn, the budget depends on how successfully the society will develop in the country.
This monograph is a collective work of teachers and students of the Department of Economic Security, Accounting and Law of the Don State Technical University. It is devoted to the consideration of certain problems in the field of taxes and taxation
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Long, Megan Kaes. Hearing Homophony. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851903.001.0001.
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This book examines a repertoire of homophonic vernacular partsongs composed around the turn of the seventeenth century, and considers how these partsongs exploit rhythm, meter, phrase structure, and form to craft harmonic trajectories. Giovanni Giacomo Gastoldi, Thomas Morley, Hans Leo Hassler, and their contemporaries engineered a particular kind of centricity that is distinctively tonal: they strategically deployed dominant harmonies at regular periodicities and in combination with poetic, phrase structural, and formal cues, thereby creating expectation for tonic harmonies. Homophony provided an ideal venue for these experiments: spurred by an increasing demand for comprehensible texts, composers of partsongs developed rigid text-setting procedures that promoted both metrical regularity and consistent phrase rhythm. This rhythmic consistency had a ripple effect: it encouraged composers to design symmetrical phrase structures and to build comprehensible, repetitive, and predictable formal structures. Thus, homophonic partsongs create and exploit trajectories from dominants to tonics on multiple scales, from cadence to sub-phrase to phrase to form. Ultimately, this book argues for a model of tonality—and of tonality’s history—that centers not pitch, but rhythm and meter. Metrically oriented harmonic trajectories encourage tonal expectation. And we can locate these trajectories in a variety of repertoires, including those that we traditionally understand as “modal.”
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Just Intonation and the Combination of Harmonic Diatonic Melodic Groups. Springer, 2012.
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Fokker, A. D. Just Intonation and the Combination of Harmonic Diatonic Melodic Groups. Springer London, Limited, 2012.
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Levy, Benjamin R. Compositional Flourishing (1967–70). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199381999.003.0007.
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Having codified a repertoire of personalized techniques, Ligeti deployed them in many new combinations in an extremely productive period at the end of the 1960s. Works composed in this period include Continuum, Two Études for Organ, String Quartet no. 2, Ten Pieces for Wind Quintet, Ramifications, and the Chamber Concerto. This chapter looks at the contrapuntal techniques that built on the composer’s previous practice as well as those derived from harmonic networks. The latter allowed Ligeti to move away from the cluster-based harmonic palate characteristic of his earlier works. In these works Ligeti looked for diverse means of expression and presentation, and he founds ways of composing transitions between techniques, putting patterns derived from harmonic procedures into polyphonic combinations and deriving static harmonic fields from material generated as a melody.
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Carbonell, Curtis D. Dread Trident. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620573.001.0001.
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Dread Trident examines the rise of imaginary worlds in tabletop role-playing games (TRPGs), such as Dungeons and Dragons. With the combination of analog and digital mechanisms, from traditional books to the internet, new ways of engaging the fantastic have become increasingly realized in recent years, and this book seeks an understanding of this phenomenon within the discourses of trans- and posthumanism, as well as within a gameist mode. The book explores a number of case studies of foundational TRPGs. Dungeons and Dragons provides an illustration of pulp-driven fantasy, particularly in the way it harmonizes its many campaign settings into a functional multiverse. It also acts as a supreme example of depth within its archive of official and unofficial published material, stretching back four decades. Warhammer 40k and the Worlds of Darkness present an interesting dialogue between Gothic and science-fantasy elements. The Mythos of HP Lovecraft also features prominently in the book as an example of a realized world that spans the literary and gameist modes. Realized fantasy worlds are becoming ever more popular as a way of experiencing a touch of the magical within modern life. Following Northrop Frye’s definition of irony, Dread Trident theorizes an ironic understanding of this process and in particular of its embodied forms.
Book chapters on the topic "Combinational harmonics"
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Garrett, Steven L. "The Simple Harmonic Oscillator." In Understanding Acoustics, 59–131. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44787-8_2.
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Abstract This chapter will introduce a system that is fundamental to our understanding of more physical phenomena than any other. Although the “simple” harmonic oscillator seems to be only the combination of the most mundane components, the formalism developed to explain the behavior of a mass, spring, and damper is used to describe systems that range in size from atoms to oceans. Our investigation goes beyond the “traditional” treatments found in the elementary physics textbooks. For example, the introduction of damping will open a two-way street: a damping element (i.e., a mechanical resistance, Rm) will dissipate the oscillator’s energy, reducing the amplitudes of successive oscillations, but it will also connect the oscillator to the surrounding environment that will return thermal energy to the oscillator. The excitation of a harmonic oscillator by an externally applied force, displacement, or combination of the two will result in a response that is critically dependent upon the relationship between the frequency of excitation and the natural frequency of the oscillator and will introduce the critical concepts of mechanical impedance, resonance, and quality factor. Finally, the harmonic oscillator model will be extended to coupled oscillators that are represented by combinations of several masses and several springs.
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Park, Young-Ho. "Finding Harmonious Combinations in a Color System Using Relational Algebra." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 97–107. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27204-2_12.
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Hodzic, Migdat, and Ivan Kennedy. "Kalman Filter Harmonic Bank for Vostok Ice Core Data Analysis and Climate Predictions." In Glaciers and the Polar Environment. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94263.
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The Vostok ice core data cover 420,000 years indicating the natural regularity of Earth’s surface temperature and climate. Here, we consider four major cycles of similar duration, ranging from 86,000 to 128,000 years, comprising 15% of periods for the warming interglacials compared to some 85% of cooling periods. Globally, we are near the peak of a rapid warming period. We perform a detailed frequency analysis of temperature and CO2 cycles, as a primary stage in building a logical Climate Prediction Engine (CPE), illustrated with specific harmonics. This analysis can be repeated for all harmonics and various cycle combinations. Our time correlation estimates the CO2 time lag for temperature at 400–2300 years, depending on the cycle, longer on average than previously concluded. We also perform Fast-Fourier transform analysis, identifying a full harmonic spectrum for each cycle, plus an energy analysis to identify each harmonic amplitude − to achieve further prediction analysis using a Kalman filter harmonic bank. For Vostok data we can use combinations of different cycles compared to the most recent for learning and then the current ongoing cycle for testing. Assuming causal time regularity, more cycles can be employed in training, hence reducing the prediction error for the next cycle. This results in prediction of climate data with both naturally occurring as well as human forced CO2 values. We perform this detailed time and frequency analysis as a basis for improving the quality of our climate prediction methodologies, with particular attention to testing alternative hypotheses of the possible causes of climate change. These include the effect on albedo of suspended dust and increasing water vapor with temperature in initiating interglacial warming, the effect of temperature and pH values of surface water on ambient level of CO2 in the atmosphere and finding a larger latent heat capacity in the atmosphere required to sustain its circulatory motions, leading to friction and turbulent release of heat in boundary layer. All these potentials can be examined in an effective CPE.
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"Common motions of harmonic combinations." In Machinery Dynamics, 427–29. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815785-5.00028-5.
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Stoia, Nicholas. "Harmonic Progressions." In Sweet Thing, 176–93. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190881979.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 explores the combination of the poetic forms and rhythmic types with the harmonic language of early blues, country, and gospel music. The main harmonic building blocks of these genres are the major tonic (I), subdominant (IV), and dominant (V) chords, and these are the chords that make up the harmonic progressions in most realizations of the “Sweet Thing” scheme. The harmonic element of the “Sweet Thing” scheme is highly flexible, but this chapter demonstrates that its progressions nonetheless divide into broad comprehensible categories—namely blues-like progressions, periodic progressions, fragmented progressions, and amalgamated progressions—and that the harmony is always closely intertwined with text and rhythm.
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Sugi, Takenao, Kazuhiko Goto, Satoru Goto, Yoshinobu Goto, Takao Yamasaki, and Shozo Tobimatsu. "Topography Estimation of Visual Evoked Potentials Using a Combination of Mathematical Models." In Advances in Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 129–41. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2113-8.ch014.
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This study proposes a method for estimating the topographical distribution of Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) from separated power spectrum components by a combination of models. VEPs with various temporal frequencies were recorded from nine healthy adults. The original power spectrum consisted of the VEP; background activities, artifacts, and other components were then obtained. To extract the VEP components from the original power spectrum, models corresponding to background activities, especially for posterior alpha rhythm, the low-frequency component and the high-frequency component, caused due to the EMG artifact, were constructed, and the relevant parameters were estimated. Finally, VEP components were calculated by subtracting them from the original power spectrum. The topographical distribution of the first harmonic (1F) and second harmonic (2F) components of the VEP were obtained by the proposed method. The estimation of the other components, aside from the VEPs, was also investigated. The merits and usefulness of the proposed method were analyzed with a comparison to the conventional stimulus-locked averaging method. The proposed method has several advantageous points compared to the conventional averaging method. Specifically, the posterior alpha rhythm and the EMG artifact were accounted for directly in the estimation of the VEP components. Therefore, an accurate estimation of the VEP components can be performed even the measurement of the components are prone to the error.
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"Kaiping Diaolou— Harmonious Combination of Chinese and Western Elements." In Residence, 055–65. ATF Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpb3xzs.8.
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Braae, Nick. "Queen’s Idiolect." In Rock and Rhapsodies, 18–41. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197526736.003.0002.
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This chapter documents the key characteristics of Queen’s idiolect as pertaining to harmonic gestures and structure, textural layers and the sound-box, and arrangement gestures. It is argued that the harmonic structures of Queen’s songs are defined through their consistent movement between tonic and dominant chords, which is embellished through rich chromatic gestures. The textures of Queen’s songs sit in one of five archetypal combinations involving piano, electric guitars, bass guitar, and drums, which are enhanced through vocals, lead guitars, synthesisers, and non-rock instruments. Queen’s sound-box structures are timbrally balanced and often present some form of dynamic movement of sounds in a virtual space. The different idiolect traits allow one to understand most of Queen’s songs either in terms of articulating a common compositional strategy (akin to a form of musical logic) or presenting sonic patterns that are like musical fingerprints.
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Leong, Daphne. "Drama in Structure." In Performing Knowledge, 201–62. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190653545.003.0008.
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Messiaen’s Visions de l’Amen is interpreted as ritual cum drama, enacted by its two pianists. Beginning with the work’s compositional background, this chapter profiles Visions’ two original pianists (Messiaen and Yvonne Loriod), describes the occasion of its premiere, and outlines its extramusical inspiration in Messiaen’s visions of the Amen. Messiaen uses combinatorial means to create Visions’ ritual and drama: repeating, varying, superposing, juxtaposing, combining, and recombining. His combinatorial materials are themes, timbres, and harmonic and rhythmic modules: two types of themes (the Creation theme and the blackbird’s song), two types of timbral elements (birdsong and percussion sounds), and two types of pedals (rhythmic and melodic-harmonic) are discussed, exploring their construction, locations, and functions in Visions. The two pianos themselves, along with the constructs of ritual and drama, are viewed as combinatorial components; the chapter closes by showing how the two pianos, in combination, enact ritual and drama through their relationships.
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Huron, David. "Types of Part-Writing." In Voice Leading. The MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262034852.003.0008.
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Four additional perceptual principles are described that are occasionally linked to the practice of voice leading: onset synchrony, limited density, timbral differentiation, and source location. Composers appear to treat these additional principles as compositional “options” that shape the music-making in perceptually unique ways. It is suggested that the reason why these four principles are often ignored is that they easily conflict with other goals that composers commonly pursue. Other goals include the goal of ensemble balance, lyric intelligibility, harmonic clarity, and rhythmic uniformity. Depending on which auxiliary principles are followed, different textures arise—such as the distinction between homophonic and polyphonic part-writing. It is proposed that different textures, like close harmony, tune-and-accompaniment, and pseudo-polyphony, represent different combinations of concurrent musical goals.
Conference papers on the topic "Combinational harmonics"
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Limeres, J., M. Carrascosa, E. García de la Cera, E. M. de Miguel-Sanz, and L. Arizmendi. "Nonlinear effects in thermal fixing of photorefractive holograms: harmonics and combinational gratings." In Photorefractive Effects, Materials, and Devices. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pemd.2001.180.
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Feng, Xingya, Richard H. J. Willden, Binzhen Zhou, and Thomas A. A. Adcock. "Numerical Analysis of Nonlinear Wave Loads on an Offshore Wind Turbine Monopile." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95161.
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Abstract Highly nonlinear extreme waves are the major, often the dominant, environmental load on offshore wind turbines. The higher-order ‘ringing’ loads associated with the nonlinear waves can cause unexpected resonance of the monopile. Hydrodynamic analysis of these harmonic loads remains a challenge due to the difficulty in extracting the bound harmonics from the force spectrum in an extreme wave event. A phase manipulation approach (four-phase combination) has been recently demonstrated to be able to separate the higher harmonic components of the wave loads in tank tests. In this work, we employ a fully nonlinear potential flow based Numerical Wave Tank (NWT) to simulate the wave diffraction by a fixed vertical column. We present a detailed study of our checks on the numerical accuracy of our model. Phase control is implemented for the wavemaker to manipulate the phase of each wave component. Focused wave groups are generated to represent the incoming extreme waves. With the four-phase decomposition, the higher harmonics of the wave loads are shown to be clearly separated. Comparisons with the existing test results show fairly good agreement at higher harmonics. The structure of the harmonic forces and moments are analysed and we reconstruct the higher harmonics based on the Stokes expansion assumption using the linear force. In addition, the effects of wave steepness on the harmonic components are discussed.
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Farhang, Kambiz, Vinay Ghatti, and Jorge M. Cabradilla. "Design of Harmonic Motion Generating RSSR Four Bar Mechanisms for High Speed Application." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57559.
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Consideration of a mechanism for high-speed application inevitably poses certain kinematic design requirements that can be cast as a function generation synthesis problem involving the entire motion cycle of the mechanism. This paper addresses such application of RSSR four bar mechanisms for high-speed application. It employs a perturbational kinematic analysis of the mechanism to obtain approximate equations relating the follower and input angular displacements. The follower angular motion is derived, approximately, as a linear combination of two simple harmonic functions, in terms of the first and second harmonics of the crank angle. Albeit the exact mathematical description relating the input and output links exists it is not conductive to a kinematic design for dynamic performance. In contrast the approximate equations derived in this paper enable function generation of RSSR four bar mechanisms in which the higher harmonics of the input link are minimized. This utility of the approximate equations are demonstrated through several mechanism design examples.
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Farhang, Kambiz, and Vinay Ghatti. "A Higher Order Synthesis for Harmonic Motion Generating RSSR Mechanisms." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-16110.
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Consideration of a mechanism for high-speed application inevitably poses certain kinematic design requirements that can be cast as a function generation synthesis problem involving the entire motion cycle of the mechanism. This paper addresses such application of RSSR four bar mechanisms for high-speed application. It employs a perturbational kinematic analysis of the mechanism to obtain approximate equations relating the follower and input angular displacements. The follower angular motion is derived, approximately, as a linear combination of two simple harmonic functions, in terms of the first and second harmonics of the crank angle. Albeit the exact mathematical description relating the input and output links exists it is not conducive to a kinematic design for dynamic performance. In contrast the approximate equations derived in this paper enable function generation of RSSR four bar mechanisms in which the higher harmonics of the input link are minimized. This utility of the approximate equations are demonstrated through several mechanism design examples.
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Junge, Laura, Christian Frey, Graham Ashcroft, and Edmund Kügeler. "A New Harmonic Balance Approach Using Multidimensional Time." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-16224.
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Abstract Over the past years, nonlinear frequency-domain methods have become a state-of-the-art technique for the numerical simulation of unsteady flow fields within multistage turbomachinery as they are capable of fully exploiting the given spatial and temporal periodicities, as well as modelling flow nonlinearities in a computationally efficient manner. Despite this success, it still remains a significant challenge to capture nonlinear interaction effects within the context of configurations with multiple fundamental frequencies. If all frequencies are integer multiples of a common fundamental frequency, the interval spanned by the sampling points typically resolves the period of the common base frequency. For configurations in which the common frequency is very low in relation to the frequencies of primary interest, many sampling points are required to resolve the highest harmonic of the common fundamental frequency and the method becomes inefficient. In addition when a problem can no longer be described by harmonic perturbations that are integer multiples of one fundamental frequency, as it may occur in two-shaft configurations or when simulating the nonlinear interaction in the context of forced response or flutter, then the standard discrete Fourier transform is no longer suitable and the basic harmonic balance method requires extension. One possible approach is to use almost periodic Fourier transforms with equidistant or non-equidistant time sampling. However, the definition of suitable sampling points that lead to well-conditioned Fourier transform matrices and small aliasing errors is an intricate issue and far from straightforward. To overcome the issues regarding multi-frequency problems described above, a new harmonic balance approach based on multidimensional Fourier transforms in time is presented. The basic idea of the approach is that, instead of defining common sampling points in a common time period, separate time domains, one for each base frequency, are spanned and the sampling points are computed equidistantly within each base frequency’s period. Since the sampling domain is now extended to a multidimensional time-domain, all time instant combinations covering the whole multidimensional domain are computed as the Cartesian product of the sampling points on the axes. In a similar fashion the frequency-domain is extended to a multidimensional frequency-domain by the Cartesian product of the harmonics of each base frequency, so that every point defined by the Cartesian product is an integer linear combination of the occurring frequencies. In this way the proposed method is capable of fully integrating the nonlinear coupling effects between higher harmonics of different fundamental frequencies by using multidimensional discrete Fourier transforms within the harmonic balance solution procedure. The aim of this paper is to introduce the multidimensional harmonic balance method in detail and demonstrate the capability of the approach to simultaneously capture unsteady disturbances with arbitrary excitation frequencies. Therefore the well established aeroelasticity testcase standard configuration 10 in the presence of an artificial inflow disturbance, that mimics an upstream blade wake, is investigated. The crucial aspect of the proposed testcase is that a small ratio of the frequency of the inflow disturbance and the blades vibration frequency is chosen. To demonstrate the advantages of the newly proposed multidimensional harmonic balance approach, the results are compared to unsteady simulations in the time-domain and to state-of-the-art frequency-domain methods based on one-dimensional discrete Fourier transforms.
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Chaudhari, Darshana R., and Shruti Gour. "PV-active power filter combination mitigating harmonics using FLC." In 2017 Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rdcape.2017.8358300.
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Wu, Yaguang, Yu Fan, Lin Li, and Jiuzhou Liu. "Sensitivity Analysis and Design of an Open-Loop Active Normal Force for Dry Friction Dampers." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3746.
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In this paper we design an open-loop active normal force for dry friction dampers, aiming to enhance the damping effect. The active normal force is composed of a constant term plus a time-varying term with zero mean value. The constant term is the best constant normal force that minimizes the forced response in the resonant frequency band. The time-varying force can be expressed by the Fourier Series and here we assume that it is composed of four harmonics with respect to the excitation frequency. Overall eight unknown parameters are therefore to be determined, namely the combination coefficients of the fours harmonics and phase differences between them. First, the global sensitivity of these parameters with respect to the forced response are analysed, in order to select the most significant parameters and to eliminate the unimportant ones. To do that the Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (FAST) is performed based on the Lumped Parameter Model, where the forced response of is calculated by the Multi-Harmonic Balance Method (MHBM) combined with Alternating Frequency/Time domain (AFT). The arc-length continuation technique is used to improve the convergence. We found that the interaction between the amplitude and phase of the second harmonic significantly impacts the forced response around resonance frequencies. Then only these two parameters are considered to minimize the forced response in the frequency band, rather than considering all eight parameters. Results show that a further 25% reduction of the response peak can be achieved by the designed time-varying normal force in comparison with the best constant normal force. The proposed design process is applicable for any dry friction dampers if it is possible to impose an open-loop active normal force.
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Ito, Manabu, Hiroyuki Mitome, and Takeo Oita. "Combination of FEM/Harmonic Balance analysis of OCXO." In 2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/freq.2010.5556380.
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Farhang, Kambiz, and Yasir S. Zargar. "Design of Spherical 4R Mechanisms: Function Generation for the Entire Motion Cycle." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/mech-5904.
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Abstract A class of spherical 4R mechanisms are studied for which the crank is relatively smaller than the remaining links. The theory of small-crank mechanisms is applied to obtain approximate descriptions for the follower angular displacement in terms of the input crank angle. The follower angle is presumed to comprise a mean and a perturbational motion. This results in an approximate expression in which the follower displacement is given as a linear combination of simple harmonic functions of the first and second harmonics of the crank angle. The approximate equations are utilized for synthesis of spherical 4R mechanisms for function generation. In contrast to the conventional design procedures, the use of the approximate equations allows synthesis of spherical mechanisms in which the prescribed function is satisfied for the entire motion of the mechanism. In addition to design examples, sample error charts are provided to assist the designer in ascertaining feasible ranges for design and corresponding orders of error.
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Okuyucu, C., M. Sert, and A. Yazici. "Environmental sound classification using spectral and harmonic feature combination." In 2013 21st Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siu.2013.6531589.
Full textReports on the topic "Combinational harmonics"
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Brockmann, Kolja, and Dmitry Stefanovich. Hypersonic Boost-Glide Systems and Hypersonic Cruise Missiles: Challenges for the Missile Technology Control Regime. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/bdyx5243.
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An increasing number of states are pursuing hypersonic missile development programmes, including for hypersonic boost-glide systems and hypersonic cruise missiles. Hypersonic missiles combine hypersonic speed and manoeuvrability which can result in target ambiguity, render missile defences ineffective and reduce warning times. Some hypersonic missiles are developed as delivery systems both for nuclear and conventional payloads. The combination of these capabilities may have escalatory or destabilizing effects. The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) is the main instrument through which states seek to harmonize export control policies to govern the transfer of missile technology. It is key to ensure that the MTCR’s guidelines and control list adequately cover hypersonic missiles and related goods and technologies. This paper seeks to improve the understanding of hypersonic missiles, increase awareness among policy makers and export control officials, and inform the ongoing technical and policy discussions within the MTCR to strengthen efforts to limit the proliferation of hypersonic missiles.