Journal articles: 'ComBat method'

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Kong, Weiren, Deyun Zhou, Zhen Yang, Kai Zhang, and Lina Zeng. "Maneuver Strategy Generation of UCAV for within Visual Range Air Combat Based on Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning and Target Position Prediction." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 5198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155198.

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With the development of unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAVs) and artificial intelligence (AI), within visual range (WVR) air combat confrontations utilizing intelligent UCAVs are expected to be widely used in future air combats. As controlling highly dynamic and uncertain WVR air combats from the ground stations of the UCAV is not feasible, it is necessary to develop an algorithm that can generate highly intelligent air combat strategies in order to enable UCAV to independently complete air combat missions. In this paper, a 1-vs.-1 WVR air combat strategy generation algorithm is proposed using the multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG). A 1-vs.-1 WVR air combat is modeled as a two-player zero-sum Markov game (ZSMG). A method for predicting the position of the target is introduced into the model in order to enable the UCAV to predict the target’s actions and position. Moreover, to ensure that the UCAV is not limited by the constraints of the basic fighter maneuver (BFM) library, the action space is considered to be a continuous one. At the same time, a potential-based reward shaping method is proposed in order to improve the efficiency of the air combat strategy generation algorithm. Finally, the efficiency of the air combat strategy generation algorithm and the intelligence level of the resulting strategy is verified through simulation experiments. The results show that an air combat strategy using target position prediction is superior to the one that does not use target position prediction.

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ALIEV, Azer, and Azad BAYRAMOV. "A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE COMBAT POSSIBILITIES OF MILITARY UNITS." Review of the Air Force Academy 17, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2019.17.2.3.

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ALIEV, Azer, and Azad BAYRAMOV. "THE DETERMINATION METHOD OF THE COMBAT POSSIBILITIES OF MILITARY UNIT." SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE 21, no. 1 (October 8, 2019): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2019.21.29.

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Kostić, Mladen, Aca Jovanović, and Mitar Kovač. "Modeling of combat operations." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 71, no. 3 (2023): 529–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg71-43509.

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Introduction/purpose: The goal of the research in this paper is to present and evaluate the method of modeling operations by aggregating forces by simulating the battle process with Lanchester's equations. This method is the software basis of a certain number of programs used in NATO, in war simulations, and in the planning and analysis of operations. Its value is in understanding the consequences of decisions made with outcomes and results of combat actions. Methods: The case study of the well-known Operation Desert Storm gathered the necessary data on operational parameters and the way forces are used in battles. The obtained data were transformed into operational variables of the combat model using the force aggregation method, whose simulation was carried out using the method of differential Lanchester's equations (quadratic law). Results: By simulating the modeled operation, the parameters of the outcome of the conflict were obtained with numerical indicators of success, consumption of resources, etc. The results were analyzed and a certain correlation with the parameters of the real operation was determined, which enables the validation of the model. Conclusion: The partial validity of the model describing the conflict on a practical historical example from a case study was confirmed. There are objective limitations in the application of modeling of military operations and optimization of the use of forces. The value of this method is the possibility of a reliable strategic assessment of the adversary's military power at the strategic level.

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Li, Xiao, and Desheng Liu. "Modeling method of combat mission based on OODA loop." MATEC Web of Conferences 355 (2022): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235502015.

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Today, modern warfare has shifted from weapon-centric operations to network-centric system operations, which has led to a linear increase in the complexity of combat missions. When a commander faces a high-level mission, how to model the entire combat mission is a critical step, and it is also the basis for the generation of subsequent combat plans and combat command and control. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a task modeling method based on the OODA loop. This method first decomposes the mission task, and defines four meta tasks based on the OODA loop theory, and finally analyzes the meta tasks from the perspective of time and information. The mission relationship is defined, which can realize the modeling and formal description of the entire combat mission process, and provide support for the follow-up combat links.

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Teng, Fei, Yafei Song, Gang Wang, Peng Zhang, Liuxing Wang, and Zongteng Zhang. "A GRU-Based Method for Predicting Intention of Aerial Targets." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (November 2, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6082242.

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Since a target’s operational intention in air combat is realized by a series of tactical maneuvers, its state presents the characteristics of temporal and dynamic changes. Depending only on a single moment to take inference, the traditional combat intention recognition method is neither scientific nor effective enough. Based on a gated recurrent unit (GRU), a bidirectional propagation mechanism and attention mechanism are introduced in a proposed aerial target combat intention recognition method. The proposed method constructs an air combat intention characteristic set through a hierarchical approach, encodes into numeric time-series characteristics, and encapsulates domain expert knowledge and experience in labels. It uses a bidirectional gated recurrent units (BiGRU) network for deep learning of air combat characteristics and adaptively assigns characteristic weights using an attention mechanism to improve the accuracy of aerial target combat intention recognition. In order to further shorten the time for intention recognition and with a certain predictive effect, an air combat characteristic prediction module is introduced before intention recognition to establish the mapping relationship between predicted characteristics and combat intention types. Simulation experiments show that the proposed model can predict enemy aerial target combat intention one sampling point ahead of time based on 89.7% intent recognition accuracy, which has reference value and theoretical significance for assisting decision-making in real-time intention recognition.

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Ayoub, Haceini. "The relation between posture and fighting style: case of kung fu wushu (sanda)." MOJ Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 4, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojabb.2020.04.00132.

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The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between initial posture (pre-contact posture) and combat style (boxing, foot and fight); thus, to establish a specific modeling. The descriptive analytical method of the video recordings of the combats organized with our sample (n=6) (2 of each combat style) was used to obtain the initial kinogram via the Dart Fish software. Inter-style postural similarities and extra-style postural differences were found, which helped us to put in place specific postural indices. Knowing the opponent's fighting style may betray some of his combat strategy, but can we hide these postural clues? Or more, can we give false clues (a lure) to deceive the opponent, which will make combat a rather mental challenge.

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Zhang, Xianbing, Guoqing Liu, Chaojie Yang, and Jiang Wu. "Research on Air Combat Maneuver Decision-Making Method Based on Reinforcement Learning." Electronics 7, no. 11 (October 27, 2018): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7110279.

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With the development of information technology, the degree of intelligence in air combat is increasing, and the demand for automated intelligent decision-making systems is becoming more intense. Based on the characteristics of over-the-horizon air combat, this paper constructs a super-horizon air combat training environment, which includes aircraft model modeling, air combat scene design, enemy aircraft strategy design, and reward and punishment signal design. In order to improve the efficiency of the reinforcement learning algorithm for the exploration of strategy space, this paper proposes a heuristic Q-Network method that integrates expert experience, and uses expert experience as a heuristic signal to guide the search process. At the same time, heuristic exploration and random exploration are combined. Aiming at the over-the-horizon air combat maneuver decision problem, the heuristic Q-Network method is adopted to train the neural network model in the over-the-horizon air combat training environment. Through continuous interaction with the environment, self-learning of the air combat maneuver strategy is realized. The efficiency of the heuristic Q-Network method and effectiveness of the air combat maneuver strategy are verified by simulation experiments.

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Fu, Zhaowang, Tengfei Zhang, Changhao Tan, and Yang Zhang. "Weapon Equipment Operational Index Evaluation Method Based on Cloud Model." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2650, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2650/1/012014.

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Abstract In response to the evaluation requirements of weapon equipment combat test effectiveness index, a cloud model-based equipment combat test effectiveness index evaluation method was proposed to solve the problems of insufficient data utilization and low credibility of evaluation conclusions in the current effectiveness index evaluation. Based on the cloud model theory, the comprehensive evaluation model of the equipment combat test effectiveness index is designed to evaluate and analyze the effectiveness index, and the effectiveness and feasibility of the new method are verified by comparing cases, which can provide technical support for the improvement of equipment combat test effectiveness evaluation ability.

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Gao, Yangyang, Minjian Yu, Hanghang You, and Huiming Ji. "A New Method of Command and Guide the Unbalanced Distribution of Target." MATEC Web of Conferences 214 (2018): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821403001.

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In the process of air combat implementation, the real-time command and guidance of air pilot is the key element of air combat irreplaceable. In this paper, a multi-aircraft air combat command and guidance target allocation model is established based on the actual air combat situation. The unbalanced target allocation problem of multi-aircraft air combat command and guidance is studied by combining Hungarian algorithm and evolutionary Hungarian algorithm. Finally, two cases of increasing aircraft number and decreasing aircraft number are simulated and studied. Simulation results show that the method can shorten the computation time and ensure the overall command and guidance advantages of the target allocation scheme effectively.

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He, Lei, Jian Yao, and Yong Lin Lei. "Air-Combat Decision Modeling Method Based on DSM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.416.

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Air-combat decision modeling in effectiveness simulation has to be concerned with the important feature of decision making, such as complexity, diversity, flexibility. So Several challenges have to be mastered, including: improving the abstract level of modeling, providing friendly modeling language, validating concept model and generated code (or executive model) automatically. In this paper, domain-specific modeling (DSM) method is applied in air-combat decision simulation modeling to cope with those challenges. A graphical and textual domain-specific modeling language (DSML) of air-combat decision is designed through metamodel based on an open source tool, Generic Modeling Environment (GME). A code generator is developed to implement users decision model based on python script.

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Song, Guo Jun, Xiao Dong Mu, Rui Hua Chang, Hai Jing Zhang, and Qing Hui Zhang. "Behavior Modeling Method of CGF in TBM Combat Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 135-136 (October 2011): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.135-136.326.

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This paper studies the CGF behavior modeling method in Agent-based TBM combat simulation system, which focuses on the decision-making behavior and combat behavior of CGF Agent. Agent entities are divided into three levels, and a three-level organizational structure of Agent has been established. To reflect the relationship between attack and defense, we establish a BDI model based on rival model to track the status of rival Agent and do real-time response. Finally gives the realization method of TBM combat simulation system.

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Chen, Wenyu, Weimin Li, and Tao Zhang. "Complex Network-Based Resilience Capability Assessment for a Combat System of Systems." Systems 12, no. 1 (January 18, 2024): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems12010031.

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With the increasing complexity and frequency of interactions among a large number of heterogeneous nodes within a combat system of systems (SoS), evaluating the capability of the SoS to withstand external attacks and interferences has become an increasingly challenging and urgent issue. However, the complexity of a combat SoS often brings about difficulties in quantitative analysis. This paper proposes a method to assess the resilience of a combat SoS. Firstly, a network model of a combat SoS is constructed, taking into account multi-functional composite nodes. Secondly, the combat capability model of the combat SoS is built based on the capabilities of the kill chains and kill networks. Lastly, an approach is proposed to calculate the combat capability of the system based on the network’s two-terminal connectivity. Moreover, based on the SoS’s combat capability, the resilience is analyzed from the dimensions of anti-destruction, survival, and recovery. The simulation experiments show that, compared to other methods, the method in this paper for calculating the combat capability of the combat SoS does not depend on the number of kill chains and aligns with the combat processes and actual patterns. Additionally, the resilience measurement method can effectively analyze its capability to cope with external interferences.

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Jia, Niping, Zhiwei Yang, and Kewei Yang. "An operational effectiveness evaluation method of the swarming UAVs air combat system." MATEC Web of Conferences 277 (2019): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927702010.

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In this paper, we propose an operational effectiveness evaluation method of the swarming UAVs air combat system. The system network model is firstly established before the evaluation. We divide the edges in the network into nine types according to the Generalized Operation Loop and give the edge attribute of operational information entropy based on node attributes. When calculating the system operational effectiveness, we focus on the striking ability and propose the concept of Operation Loop Capability to represent the target-attack effectiveness of a certain operational loop, which can be calculated from the edge operational information entropies. We can get the combat effectiveness to a certain target from the Operation Loop Capability, and the combat effectiveness of the swarming UAVs air combat system is represented by the sum of the striking capabilities to all targets. Finally, the scene of swarming UAVs air combat is taken as a case study to apply and verify our evaluation method. This paper gives a quantitative perspective on swarming UAVs combat system assessment and can help to analyze the contribution of UAVs and other weapons in the system.

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Georgadze, Alexander, and Vladimir Harabara. "Partial method of assessment of tank brigade preparedness level during combat readiness recovery." Journal of Scientific Papers "Social development and Security" 9, no. 4 (August 31, 2019): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33445/sds.2019.9.4.10.

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The radical changes in the nature of modern military conflicts, the range and content of the tasks involved in the Armed Forces of Ukraine require a series of measures aimed at improving their training system. One of the components of the Armed Forces training is combat training, which is conducted both in peacetime and during a special period. The experience of the counter-terrorist operation and the operation of the Joint Forces in eastern Ukraine shows that the successful accomplishment of combat tasks by tank brigades (units) to a large extent depends on the effectiveness of combat training during combat readiness recovery, the result of which is their preparedness level. All this requires finding and implementing new approaches to the organization and conduction of combat training during combat readiness recovery, which requires the development of a scientific and methodological apparatus to assess their preparedness level. Based on scientific and methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of military units combat training and the experience of carrying out combat readiness recovery, the article presents a partial methodology for assessing the tank brigade preparedness level during combat readiness recovery, which takes into account the preparedness level of each structural unit of the brigade, taking into account its importance. Assessing the preparedness level of the tank brigade structural unit is calculated by dependence, which takes into account the overall level of military personnel training and their coherence.The indicators that characterize the training level of the serviceman include: the level of individual abilities of the serviceman, length of service and occupational training courses in the field of activity. The level of coherence in the management of the military unit depends on the experience gained by each serviceman in the occupied position during the exercise (training), taking into account their importance, and the unit – on the results of working out of collective training standards.This partial method allows to make quantitative assessment of the tank brigade preparedness level to perform the tasks on purpose, and also identifies "weaknesses" in carrying out combat recovery, which necessitates the development of recommendations for improving the efficiency of combat recovery. The results of the study can be used in the practice of restoring the combat capability of tank brigades and in the research on the readiness level assessment in scientific institutions.

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Huang, Qiang, Youshan Zhang, Bozi Zhang, Shuaijie Ouyang, Xiaogang Qi, Xuexing Liu, and Doudou Zhai. "Emerging SEM equipment system combat capability assessment method." Procedia Computer Science 183 (2021): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.02.095.

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Yuan, Wang, Zhang Xiwen, Zhou Rong, Tang Shangqin, Zhou Huan, and Ding Wei. "Research on UCAV Maneuvering Decision Method Based on Heuristic Reinforcement Learning." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (March 3, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1477078.

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With the rapid development of unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV)-related technologies, UCAVs are playing an increasingly important role in military operations. It has become an inevitable trend in the development of future air combat battlefields that UCAVs complete air combat tasks independently to acquire air superiority. In this paper, the UCAV maneuver decision problem in continuous action space is studied based on the deep reinforcement learning strategy optimization method. The UCAV platform model of continuous action space was established. Focusing on the problem of insufficient exploration ability of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) exploration strategy in the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm, a heuristic DDPG algorithm was proposed by introducing heuristic exploration strategy, and then a UCAV air combat maneuver decision method based on a heuristic DDPG algorithm is proposed. The superior performance of the algorithm is verified by comparison with different algorithms in the test environment, and the effectiveness of the decision method is verified by simulation of air combat tasks with different difficulty and attack modes.

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Qu, Ning, Ning Zhang, and Ying Li. "Virtual Combat System Evolution Model Realization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 2037–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.2037.

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This paper presents the connotation, research purpose and goals of virtual combat system evolution model, studies virtual combat system simulation principle and modeling process, and the evolution modeling method of virtual combat system, presents virtual combat system evolution modeling method based on main body, designs virtual combat system evolution model system structure, summarizes the portfolio level of virtual combat system model, and gives information control relations between virtual combat system models.

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Song, Guo Jun, Xiao Dong Mu, and Rui Hua Chang. "Research on Entity Modeling Method in Agent-Based CGF Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2185.

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This paper studies the entity modeling method in Agent-based TBM combat simulation system. The architecture of the TBM combat simulation by using HLA/RTI platform has been build. According to the command hierarchy features of military operations, Agent entities are divided into three levels, and a semi-autonomous Agent model has been build. We present a Semantic-based multiple-layered military scenario development framework and implement a Semantic-based Military Scenario Development platform, which can support military commander to semi-automatically generate a military mission plan with MSDL document. Finally gives the flow chart of TBM combat simulation system.

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Fan, Zihao, Yang Xu, Yuhang Kang, and Delin Luo. "Air Combat Maneuver Decision Method Based on A3C Deep Reinforcement Learning." Machines 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2022): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10111033.

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To solve the maneuvering decision problem in air combat of unmanned combat aircraft vehicles (UCAVs), in this paper, an autonomous maneuver decision method is proposed for a UCAV based on deep reinforcement learning. Firstly, the UCAV flight maneuver model and maneuver library of both opposing sides are established. Then, considering the different state transition effects of various actions when the pitch angles of the UCAVs are different, the 10 state variables including the pitch angle, are taken as the state space. Combined with the air combat situation threat assessment index model, a two-layer reward mechanism combining internal reward and sparse reward is designed as the evaluation basis of reinforcement learning. Then, the neural network model of the full connection layer is built according to an Asynchronous Advantage Actor–Critic (A3C) algorithm. In the way of multi-threading, our UCAV keeps interactively learning with the environment to train the model and gradually learns the optimal air combat maneuver countermeasure strategy, and guides our UCAV to conduct action selection. The algorithm reduces the correlation between samples through multi-threading asynchronous learning. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the method are verified in three different air combat scenarios.

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Qiu, Shaoming, Fen Chen, Yahui Wang, and Jiancheng Zhao. "Evolutionary Method of Heterogeneous Combat Network Based on Link Prediction." Entropy 25, no. 5 (May 17, 2023): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25050812.

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Currently, research on the evolution of heterogeneous combat networks (HCNs) mainly focuses on the modeling process, with little attention paid to the impact of changes in network topology on operational capabilities. Link prediction can provide a fair and unified comparison standard for network evolution mechanisms. This paper uses link prediction methods to study the evolution of HCNs. Firstly, according to the characteristics of HCNs, a link prediction index based on frequent subgraphs (LPFS) is proposed. LPFS have been demonstrated on a real combat network to be superior to 26 baseline methods. The main driving force of research on evolution is to improve the operational capabilities of combat networks. Adding the same number of nodes and edges, 100 iterative experiments demonstrate that the evolutionary method (HCNE) proposed in this paper outperforms random evolution and preferential evolution in improving the operational capabilities of combat networks. Furthermore, the new network generated after evolution is more consistent with the characteristics of a real network.

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Li, Gang, Da Peng Li, Yan Yan Zhou, Lin Wei Xu, and Ji Feng He. "An Evaluation Method of Combat Service Operation Performance for Surface-to-Air Missile Based on FNN." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 3640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.3640.

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Firstly, the implication and purpose of the Combat Service Performance Evaluation for Air Defense Missile was elaborated in this paper. Then the Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) Evaluating Method was put forward to apply to the combat service performance evaluation. Secondly, an evaluation index system was built on the basis of the characteristics of the combat service operator and the combat service process. At last, the correctness and validity were approved though the simulation results.

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Liu, Xiaoxiong, Yi Yin, Yuzhan Su, and Ruichen Ming. "A Multi-UCAV Cooperative Decision-Making Method Based on an MAPPO Algorithm for Beyond-Visual-Range Air Combat." Aerospace 9, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9100563.

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To solve the problems of autonomous decision making and the cooperative operation of multiple unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) in beyond-visual-range air combat, this paper proposes an air combat decision-making method that is based on a multi-agent proximal policy optimization (MAPPO) algorithm. Firstly, the model of the unmanned combat aircraft is established on the simulation platform, and the corresponding maneuver library is designed. In order to simulate the real beyond-visual-range air combat, the missile attack area model is established, and the probability of damage occurring is given according to both the enemy and us. Secondly, to overcome the sparse return problem of traditional reinforcement learning, according to the angle, speed, altitude, distance of the unmanned combat aircraft, and the damage of the missile attack area, this paper designs a comprehensive reward function. Finally, the idea of centralized training and distributed implementation is adopted to improve the decision-making ability of the unmanned combat aircraft and improve the training efficiency of the algorithm. The simulation results show that this algorithm can carry out a multi-aircraft air combat confrontation drill, form new tactical decisions in the drill process, and provide new ideas for multi-UCAV air combat.

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Linhai, Yao, Liang Xiaodong, Zhang Zechuan, Yang Xiulin, Yang Yongan, and Wang Jia. "Research on fuzzy evaluation of combat effectiveness of small bore naval gun." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, no. 10 (June 1, 2023): 102032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/10/102032.

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Abstract In view of the fuzziness and uncertainty of the combat effectiveness evaluation index of small bore naval gun, combined with AHP and fuzzy evaluation method, the combat effectiveness evaluation method of small bore naval gun is studied. Firstly, the main influencing factors of the combat effectiveness of small bore naval gun are analyzed, and the index system of combat effectiveness evaluation is established. Then, based on AHP and fuzzy evaluation theory, a fuzzy evaluation model of small bore naval gun combat effectiveness is established. Finally, an example is given to evaluate the combat effectiveness of a small bore naval gun. This method can effectively unify the qualitative and quantitative indexes in the evaluation indexes, and provide an effective method and way for the combat effectiveness evaluation of small bore naval gun.

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Rawal, N., R. Karki, DB Shrestha, P. Manandhar, and N. Pathak. "Factors Associated with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Depression among Nepalese Combatants during Armed Insurgency." Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal 6, no. 1 (November 20, 2018): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v6i1.21768.

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Introduction: Mental illness is major global public health problem affecting over 450 million people, most of whom live in developing countries. Nepal just overcame ten years long conflict situation. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression is most prevalent in conflict inflicted areas as per most literatures. Much is not known about the psychological effects of the conflict situation, even after six years of peace process in Nepalese context.Material and Method: This is a cross sectional descriptive study carried out to explore the prevalence of Post-traumatic stress disorder and Depression in Nepalese army combatants involved during the armed insurgency period and its relationship with different. It was conducted in two randomly selected battalions of tenth brigade in Kathmandu. The PTSD was assessed using Post traumatic stress disorder checklist - military version (PCL-M), depression was assessed using the Beck depression inventory (BDI) and degree of combat exposure was assessed using Combat exposure scale (CES). The quantitative assessment was done using appropriate methods and tools.Results The degree of combat exposure showed 48.8% exposed to moderate and above degree of combat exposure. PTSD was found in 21.9% of the combats and 20.5% were found to have depression. Both PTSD and depression were found to be associated with degree of combat exposure. There was statistically significant association between degree of combat exposure and PTSD (p= 0.001, 95% CI (1.567-6.303)) and depression (p=0.011, 95% CI (1.209-4.830)).Conclusion: PTSD and depression exists even six years after the peace process in Nepalese army and is related to the degree of combat exposure regardless of other attributes like age, sex, rank, marital status.J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol .6(1), 2017, p.24-28

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Naumenko, Igor, Muhaylo Mokrotsky, and Roman Shostak. "Improved method of assessing the combat capabilities of the artillery of the mechanism brigade." Military Technical Collection, no. 29 (December 28, 2023): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33577/2312-4458.29.2023.60-64.

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The experience of repelling and deterring the armed aggression of the Russian Federation indicates the need to carry out a significant amount of joint fire support tasks for combined military units and units. This, in turn, indicates the growing requirements for the implementation of the combat capabilities of artillery units to perform the volume of fire support tasks in the battle of the mechanized brigade. The conducted analysis of the conduct of artillery combat operations in the battle of the mechanized brigade indicates that the tasks associated with the need to increase the level of realization of the potential combat capabilities of the artillery and bring them into line with the volume of fire missions that can rely on it are problematic and relevant today in the battle of the mechanized brigade. In order to solve these tasks, there is an urgent need to use modern approaches to assessing the combat capabilities of artillery units, which would take into account the changes that have occurred in the tactics of actions, the spatial and temporal parameters of the conduct of artillery combat operations, the effects of damage and allow better planning of fire support by artillery in battle mechanized brigade. According to these requirements, the assessment of the combat capabilities of artillery should become an important component of planning the combined fire support in the battle of the mechanized brigade. Therefore, there is an urgent task regarding the improvement of the methodology for assessing the combat capabilities of the artillery of a mechanized brigade, the use of which will make it possible to bring the combat load of artillery units into compliance with the volume of firing tasks of artillery in the battle of a mechanized brigade, taking into account modern requirements, conditions and time constraints for their execution. The improved method of assessing the combat capabilities of the artillery of the mechanized brigade, unlike the existing methods and approaches, takes into account such a set of conditions and factors that allow predicting the effectiveness of the tasks of artillery units of different purposes and properties (differently effective fire means). To take into account the combined effect of fire, reconnaissance, maneuver, support and management and communication capabilities of artillery units based on the number of combat cycles of their actions. It is expedient to calculate the possibilities for carrying out a certain amount of firing tasks with the allocated resource of ammunition of various types under established spatial and temporal time limits and probable enemy countermeasures. Based on the results of the comparison of the defined volume of fire tasks and the number of combat cycles, it is possible to make a final calculation of the possible combat load of each artillery unit from fire support per day of battle during the planning of fire support by artillery in the battle of a mechanized brigade.

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Chen, Xia, and De Hui Wang. "Multi-UCAV Air Combat Task Assignment under Uncertain Information Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 1098–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.1098.

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For UAV air combat task assignment problem, this paper presents an analysis method. Firstly, we analyzes the unmanned combat situation, establish the UAV air combat situation advantage function and interval information combat task allocation model. And then put forward multi-UAV air combat decision method of the discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm based on interval number sequence. Finally, we carry on the simulation, the simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively and reasonably solve the problem of multi-UAV air combat decision.

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Liu, Da Wei, Jiang Zhu, Ge Fei Yu, and Yin Chuan Wang. "A Flexible Multi-Resolution Modeling Method of SoS Combat." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 1492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.1492.

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A solution to improve the flexibility of simulation under the circumstance of SoS (System-of-Systems) combat has been provided in this paper. A CAS (Complex Adaptive System) based modeling method is used in this method after analyzing the military multi-layer architecture and surveying the modeling method, by joining CAS and MRM(Multi-Resolution Modeling), a military system is modeled in several resolution and some key technology are probed into and discussed in this paper. The analysis results show that method has great current significance and reference value for modeling combat system.

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Tang, Jian Bing, Tian Tian Guo, Qi Gao Hu, and Ya Bing Zha. "Research on the Credibility Evaluation Methods of Combat Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 2139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.2139.

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Credibility is the key performance index and the lifeline for system simulation. Verification, validation and accreditation (VV&A) of all system simulation life can insure the credibility, and credibility evaluation is a very necessary approach to obtain the credibility. Combat simulation is a special simulation for its many characteristics of multi-level, more elements, overall emergence, uncertainty, morbid and multi-granularity model, and so on. Credibility is vital to combat simulation. The evaluation method is one of the aspects of credibility evaluation. In this paper, the methods of credibility evaluation are researched. The common evaluation methods are analyzed and compared. Aiming at the characteristics of combat simulation system, the subjective comprehensive evaluation method based on subject matter expert (SME) is put forward, which is applied to a combat simulation. The practice shows that the subjective comprehensive evaluation method is very effective. The results are sufficiently credible to support the application.

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Fan, Jieru, Dongguang Li, and Rupeng Li. "Evaluation of MAV/UAV Collaborative Combat Capability Based on Network Structure." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2018 (December 5, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5301752.

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The collaborative combat of manned/unmanned aerial vehicles (MAVs/UAVs) is a popular topic in combat application research. It maximizes the autonomous combat capability of UAVs and the control capability of MAVs. Furthermore, it improves the comprehensive combat effectiveness. The quantitative description of intercommunication in different aircrafts along with the evaluation of the collaborative combat capability is an emphasis in military research. This paper analyzes the collaborative combat process. Node and edge models are established in the MAV/UAV collaborative network. The intercommunication and combat behaviors among combat entities are analyzed. Based on the information entropy, the effect of capability uncertainties on the collaborative combat is described quantitatively. An evaluation method of the MAV/UAV collaborative combat capability is proposed. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the proposed model and evaluation method that prove its feasibility and effectiveness.

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Lee, Hsing-Juin. "Bombardment analysis method for assessing truss system combat survivability." Journal of Aircraft 31, no. 2 (March 1994): 426–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.46503.

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Yin, Yunfei, Guanghong Gong, and Liang Han. "Air-combat behavior data mining based on truncation method." Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 21, no. 5 (October 2010): 827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-4132.2010.05.017.

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Lee, Ho Chul, Tae Su Kim, and Hyung Jo Shin. "Multi Sources Track Management Method for Naval Combat Systems." Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems 20, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5302/j.icros.2014.13.9004.

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Shaoqin, Wang, Xu Bingli, Niu Shulai, Shao Xiaoyao, Guo Congjie, and Li Lin. "Behavior modeling method and its application in combat simulation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 502 (June 2, 2020): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/502/1/012018.

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Imado, Fumiaki, Toshio Furukawa, and Takeshi Kuroda. "A Method of Automatic Air-Combat Simulation and Assessment." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 31, no. 21 (August 1998): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)41108-6.

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IM, Mankilik, and Kama HN. "Lambda () method simulation for navy system combat readiness assessment." International Journal of Communication and Information Technology 3, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 06–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/2707661x.2022.v3.i2a.49.

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Chang, Qing, Desheng Liu, and Yang Yang. "Research on space construction and selection method of space-based information support equipment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2364, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2364/1/012001.

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Abstract With the rapid development of information technology and space technology, the important position of space-based information support equipment is increasingly prominent. However, the increasing types and quantities of space-based information support equipment also put forward higher requirements for the formulation of combat plans, decision-making and deployment of combat equipment. In this paper, based on the seven-step method, an ontology construction method suitable for space-based information support equipment is proposed, and the ontology construction tool Protégé is used to realize the ontology modeling of space-based information support equipment. By acquiring open source satellite data, the knowledge map construction tool Neo4j is used to construct the knowledge map of space-based information support equipment. Finally, the space-based information support equipment conforming to the combat mission can be obtained to provide assistance for the formulation of the combat plan and the decision of equipment utilization.

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Tan, Bin, Qiuni Li, Tingliang Zhang, and Hui Zhao. "The Research of Air Combat Intention Identification Method Based on BiLSTM + Attention." Electronics 12, no. 12 (June 12, 2023): 2633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122633.

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In the process of air combat intention identification, expert experience and traditional algorithm are relied on to analyze enemy aircraft combat intention in a single moment, but the identification time and accuracy are not excellent. In this paper, from the dynamic attributes of an airspace fighter air combat target and the dynamic and time series changing characteristics of the battlefield environment, we introduce the bidirectional long short-term memory neural network (BiLSTM + Attention) intention identification method based on the attention mechanism for air combat intention identification. In this method, five kinds of state parameters, including target maneuver type, distance, flight velocity, altitude and heading angle, were taken as datasets. The BiLSTM + Attention was used to extract enemy aircraft intention features. By introducing attention mechanism, the weight coefficients of characteristic states corresponding to air combat victories were corrected. Finally, it was input into the SoftMax function to obtain the category of the enemy’s intention. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can effectively identify enemy aircraft in the case of high complexity, multidimensional and large amount of data. Compared with bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), long short-term memory (LSTM), long short-term memory based on attention mechanisms (LSTM + Attention) and support vector machine (SVM) classification, the proposed method had higher accuracy and lower loss value.

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JI, Junliang, Minle Wang, Wei Li, and Jingzhuo Zhang. "Research on force demand of multi-layer anti-missile coorperative combat." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 39, no. 3 (June 2021): 633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20213930633.

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In order to find a scientific analysis method of anti-missile force demand, the connotation of force demand of multi-layer anti-missile cooperative combat was first defined, and the relative concepts such as combat unit, firepower layer, route shortcut and assault wave were described. Then, an intercept damage model of multi-layer anti-missile coorperative combat was built. And the computing method of anti-missile firepower overlaping demand was proposed, the computing method of minimum acceptable quantity of single firepower layer anti-missile combat unit and the total force demand of multi-layer anti-missile cooperative combat were given based on the studied thinking of force demand. At last, the example of anti-missile combat was set up, which was solved with LINGO software, and it confirmed the rationality of the proposed method and the effect of each anti-missile fire layer.

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Park, Sangsoo, Youngho Lee, and Kunhee Kim. "Krav Maga Program to Combat Indiscriminate Violence." J-INSTITUTE 8 (August 31, 2023): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/martialarts.2023.8.38.

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Purpose: This study delves into the significance of Krav Maga training for enhancing self-defense abilities against indiscriminate violence, a societal issue impacting personal safety, and emphasizes its practicality in combination with the Israeli military combat system as a fundamental approach to applying martial arts for self-defense. The study seeks to reevaluate Krav Maga's pivotal role in bolstering self-defense against indiscriminate violence and to identify prospects for its future development. Method: The research method and data collection method to achieve the purpose of this study used electronic literature platform search. Validity as data was verified through triangulation. Results: Krav Maga is a practical and effective self-defense system that originated in Israel, initially developed for military use but later adapted for civilian self-defense. Martial arts for security, military martial arts, and police martial arts programs are presented as a vitalization plan. Conclusion: The revitalization plan for the Krav Maga program against indiscriminate violence can emphasize the importance of a tailored curriculum, certified instructors, scenario-based training, ethical considerations, periodic assessments and interdisciplinary collaborations, and empowers participants self-defense, bodyguards, soldiers and police. Training can be instilled with the aim of ensuring the ability to manage problems effectively in a variety of situations by equipping them with practical self-defense skills, legal awareness and enhanced situational preparedness.

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Zhang, Benkang, Jian Shen, Xiaoguang Wang, and Qingyu Zhu. "Ideal trajectory generation method of missile formation based on Gaussian pseudo-spectrum method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, no. 10 (June 1, 2023): 102005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/10/102005.

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Abstract With the increasingly complex combat environment and the diversity of combat tasks, important military targets are surrounded by multi-layer defense. Modern information warfare pays more attention to system confrontation and multi-system cooperative operations,and missile formation to attack targets is the main research content of this paper. For missile wing ideal trajectory generation problems, ensure the attack Angle of time and meet the design requirements, Gaussian pseudo-spectral method is used to generate guarantee missile attacks within the specified time shot on target, at the same time meet the attack Angle constraint at the end of the ideal trajectory, the more missiles cooperative engagement problems into the ideal trajectory tracking problem, avoid the estimate of the remaining time of flight.The main contents of this paper are as follows:(1) Gaussian pseudo-spectral method is used to generate the ideal trajectory model.(2)Use Matlab to simulate the established model.

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Ja¨rmark, Bernt. "A Short-Range Air Combat Study." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 111, no. 4 (December 1, 1989): 619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3153103.

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A short-range aerial duel with infrared missiles is the purpose with this study. The problem is solved numerically with a modified differential dynamic programming method. A new ingredient in the solution technique has to be implemented in the algorithm. This originates from the complex launch condition of the missiles. The paper emphasizes the game problem and the theoretical extension of the method. A simple case in the horizontal plane will be illustrated, which however is no limitation as a numerical method is used.

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Lu, Tongliang, Kai Chen, Yan Zhang, and Qiling Deng. "Research on Dynamic Evolution Model and Method of Communication Network Based on Real War Game." Entropy 23, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23040487.

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Based on the data in real combat games, the combat System-of-Systems is usually composed of a large number of armed equipment platforms (or systems) and a reasonable communication network to connect mutually independent weapons and equipment platforms to achieve tasks such as information collection, sharing, and collaborative processing. However, the generation algorithm of the combat system in the existing research is too simple and not suitable for reality. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a communication network generation algorithm by adopting the joint distribution strategy of power law distribution and Poisson distribution to model the communication network. The simulation method is used to study the operation under continuous attack on communication nodes. The comprehensive experimental results of the dynamic evolution of the combat network in the battle scene verify the rationality and effectiveness of the communication network construction.

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LU, Nan, Xiaodong WANG, Zheng TANG, and Pei HE. "Modeling method of unmanned aerial vehicle swarm behavior based on spatiotemporal hybrid Petri net." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 40, no. 4 (August 2022): 812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20224040812.

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The more and more widely used UAV swarm operations have received great attention in the new global military revolution of informatization, and the integrated modeling of UAV swarms has great significance and value for the testing and verification of combat modes. Aiming at the modeling and simulation requirements of combat scenarios, taking the collaborative combat process of heterogeneous UAV swarms as the research object, starting from the modeling of a single UAV, on the basis of the formalization and mathematical description of the single combat process, this paper employs Petri nets based on the hybridization of time and space to describe the discrete states and continuous processes of heterogeneous UAV swarm systems, and effectively solves the problems of the fusion between physics and computing processes, and modeling of interactive events in swarm systems. UPPAAL is selected to formally verify the modeling of UAV swarm strike mission, which shows that the proposed modeling method is feasible and effective.

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Zhou, Qian, Shesheng Gao, Zhaohui Gao, Juan Xia, and Genyuan Hong. "Multi-UAVs task assignment method considering expected destruction probability of target." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 39, no. 3 (June 2021): 617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20213930617.

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To solve the combat task assignment of reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle (RUAV)/unmanned combat aerial vehicle(UCAV), this paper proposed an efficient task assignment method that takes into account the expected destruction probability of target. This method improves the utility function and constraint of the model that based on the goal of destroying the total sum of the target value. The adjustment factor is added to the model to achieve a balanced distribution of RUAVs/UCAVs resources; the expected destruction probability of target is introduced as a constraint to prevent the excessive distribution of RUAVs/UCAVs resources. Subsequently, a greedy algorithm based on maximizing marginal-return is designed to solve the proposed model. The simulation results show that the improved algorithm not only meets the combat effectiveness but also improves the economic performance on the basis of real-time task allocation.

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LI, Yongfeng, Yongxi LYU, Jingping SHI, and Weihua LI. "UAV's air combat decision-making based on deep deterministic policy gradient and prediction." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 41, no. 1 (February 2023): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20234110056.

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To solve the enemy uncertain manipulation problem during a UAV's autonomous air combat maneuver decision-making, this paper proposes an autonomous air combat maneuver decision-making method that combines target maneuver command prediction with the deep deterministic policy algorithm. The situation data of both sides of air combat are effectively fused and processed, the UAV's six-degree-of-freedom model and maneuver library are built. In air combat, the target generates its corresponding maneuver library instructions through the deep Q network algorithm; at the same time, the UAV on our side gives the target maneuver prediction results through the probabilistic neural network. A deep deterministic policy gradient reinforcement learning method that considers both the situation information of two aircraft and the prediction results of enemy aircraft is proposed, so that the UAV can choose the appropriate maneuver decision according to the current air combat situation. The simulation results show that the method can effectively use the air combat situation information and target maneuver prediction information so that it can improve the effectiveness of the reinforcement learning method for UAV's autonomous air combat decision-making on the premise of ensuring convergence.

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Song, Wooseok, Woong Hyun Suh, and Chang Wook Ahn. "Spellcaster Control Agent in StarCraft II Using Deep Reinforcement Learning." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 14, 2020): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060996.

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This paper proposes a DRL -based training method for spellcaster units in StarCraft II, one of the most representative Real-Time Strategy (RTS) games. During combat situations in StarCraft II, micro-controlling various combat units is crucial in order to win the game. Among many other combat units, the spellcaster unit is one of the most significant components that greatly influences the combat results. Despite the importance of the spellcaster units in combat, training methods to carefully control spellcasters have not been thoroughly considered in related studies due to the complexity. Therefore, we suggest a training method for spellcaster units in StarCraft II by using the A3C algorithm. The main idea is to train two Protoss spellcaster units under three newly designed minigames, each representing a unique spell usage scenario, to use ‘Force Field’ and ‘Psionic Storm’ effectively. As a result, the trained agents show winning rates of more than 85% in each scenario. We present a new training method for spellcaster units that releases the limitation of StarCraft II AI research. We expect that our training method can be used for training other advanced and tactical units by applying transfer learning in more complex minigame scenarios or full game maps.

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Grechanik, О. I., R. R. Аbdullaiev, V. V. Nikonov, І. О. Voronzhev, R. Ya Аbdullaiev, and М. М. Davidy. "Radiologic diagnosis of pneumothorax in combat trauma." EMERGENCY MEDICINE 20, no. 3 (May 17, 2024): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0586.20.3.2024.1693.

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Background. Chest injuries during combat operations occupy a prominent place and often become the cause of mortality. Before the widespread introduction of imaging methods into clinical practice, the mortality rate for chest combat injuries exceeded 50 %. Objective: a comparative assessment of radiography and ultrasonography options in the diagnosis of pneumothorax that occurred as a result of combat trauma. Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the radiography and ultrasonography results was carried out in 76 patients with pneumothorax due to chest combat trauma. Results. During X-ray in the supine position, the sensitivity of the method was 58.1 %, specificity — 72.7 %, accuracy — 64.5 %, positive predictive value — 73.5 %, negative predictive value — 57.1 %. The sensitivity of the method in the sitting position of patients was 71.9 %, specificity — 89.5 %, accuracy — 76.3 %, positive predictive value — 95.3 %, negative predictive value — 51.5 %. Ultrasound diagnosis of pneumothorax was based on identifying the “barcode” sign due to the lack of sliding of the visceral pleura during the patient’s inspiration. The sensitivity of ultrasonography in B-mode was 90.8 %, specificity — 81.8 %, accuracy — 89.5 %, positive predictive value — 96.7 %, negative predictive value — 60.0 %, and in combined B + M modes — 94.0, 88.9, 93.4, 98.4, 66.7 %, respectively. In the diagnosis of large pneumothorax, the sensitivity of radiography was 96.8 %, specificity — 100.0 %, accuracy — 96.9 %, positive predictive value — 100.0 %, negative predictive value — 50.0 %, respectively, and of ultrasonography — 96.7, 100.0, 96.9, 100.0, 66.7 %, respectively. Conclusions. Ultrasonography has greater sensitivity for diagnosing small pneumothorax than conventional radiography, especially in bedridden patients. Ultrasonography in combined B + M modes can be both a primary and a clarifying method for diagnosing pneumothorax in combat trauma.

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Li, Shaowei, Yongchao Wang, Yaoming Zhou, Yuhong Jia, Hanyue Shi, Fan Yang, and Chaoyue Zhang. "Multi-UAV Cooperative Air Combat Decision-Making Based on Multi-Agent Double-Soft Actor-Critic." Aerospace 10, no. 7 (June 21, 2023): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10070574.

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Multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (multi-UAV) cooperative air combat, which is an important form of future air combat, has high requirements for the autonomy and cooperation of unmanned aerial vehicles. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the decision-making method of multi-UAV cooperative air combat since the conventional methods are challenging to solve the high complexity and highly dynamic cooperative air combat problems. This paper proposes a multi-agent double-soft actor-critic (MADSAC) algorithm for solving the cooperative decision-making problem of multi-UAV. The MADSAC achieves multi-UAV cooperative air combat by treating the problem as a fully cooperative game using a decentralized partially observable Markov decision process and a centrally trained distributed execution framework. The use of maximum entropy theory in the update process makes the method more exploratory. Meanwhile, MADSAC uses double-centralized critics, target networks, and delayed policy updates to solve the overestimation and error accumulation problems effectively. In addition, the double-centralized critics based on the attention mechanism improve the scalability and learning efficiency of MADSAC. Finally, multi-UAV cooperative air combat experiments validate the effectiveness of MADSAC.

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Maksymova, O., V. Boltyonkov, P. Gultsov, and O. Maksymov. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE MODEL AND METHOD OF ARTILLERY INSTALLATION TARGET DAMAGE CONTROL WITH MINIMAL COMBAT CAPABILITY LOSS." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet Pratsi 2, no. 68 (2023): 98–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.2.68.2023.11.

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Artillery systems of the armed forces of the state ensure its security and sovereignty. Modern artillery systems perform combat work close to the tasks of tactical missiles, with reduced time and resources. An integral part of military art is tactics, which is inherent in the information environment and its implementation by specialized units. An integral part of tactical research of any military operation is its mathematical modeling. Of particular interest is the possibility of obtaining simulation results in the case of the fundamental absence of some types of combat resources, or the use of only one type of weapons. A model of controlling the combat work of an artillery i system has been developed, which resolves the execution of the combat task of destroying the target with a given number of shells under the condition of changing the firing position in order to reduce the probability of its fire damage by the artillery installation of the opposing side. The model considers that all shots are effective. The model assumes that the number of firing positions is equal to the number of shots, and the minimum number of shots from a firing position is equal to one. The model of change of position does not involve a return to the previous ones. Simulations of movement from one position to another take place along one of the roads of different quality. A method of finding a decision on the state of execution of the combat task by the artillery system of the attacking party has been developed. The concept of the current structure of combat mission performance is introduced. The method of finding a solution about the state of execution of a combat task by an artillery system can be attributed to the solution of Pareto-oriented problems, or dynamic programming problems. The model calculation method consists of a general algorithm, which is based on developed specialized additional algorithms. The obtained results proved the possibility of carrying out a combat mission with a maximum of two shots from each firing position. Just as the tactic of expending shots to destroy a target in the amount of 10 shots is focused on defensive tactics, the tactic of destroying a target in the amount of 4 shots can correspond to combat actions during the offensive. Therefore, the “shot-and-scoot” offensive tactic can be called “hid-and-shot”.

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Journal articles on the topic 'ComBat method'

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