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Journal articles on the topic 'ComAp'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Fang, Zhihan, Guang Wang, Xiaoyang Xie, Fan Zhang, and Desheng Zhang. "Urban Map Inference by Pervasive Vehicular Sensing Systems with Complementary Mobility." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3448076.

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Accurate and up-to-date digital road maps are the foundation of many mobile applications, such as navigation and autonomous driving. A manually-created map suffers from the high cost for creation and maintenance due to constant road network updating. Recently, the ubiquity of GPS devices in vehicular systems has led to an unprecedented amount of vehicle sensing data for map inference. Unfortunately, accurate map inference based on vehicle GPS is challenging for two reasons. First, it is challenging to infer complete road structures due to the sensing deviation, sparse coverage, and low sampling rate of GPS of a fleet of vehicles with similar mobility patterns, e.g., taxis. Second, a road map requires various road properties such as road categories, which is challenging to be inferred by just GPS locations of vehicles. In this paper, we design a map inference system called coMap by considering multiple fleets of vehicles with Complementary Mobility Features. coMap has two key components: a graph-based map sketching component, a learning-based map painting component. We implement coMap with the data from four type-aware vehicular sensing systems in one city, which consists of 18 thousand taxis, 10 thousand private vehicles, 6 thousand trucks, and 14 thousand buses. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation of coMap with two state-of-the-art baselines along with ground truth based on OpenStreetMap and a commercial map provider, i.e., Baidu Maps. The results show that (i) for the map sketching, our work improves the performance by 15.9%; (ii) for the map painting, our work achieves 74.58% of average accuracy on road category classification.

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2

Brunsdon, C. "The comap: exploring spatial pattern via conditional distributions." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 25, no. 1 (January 2001): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0198-9715(00)00042-9.

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3

Hytti, Ulla, Kirsi Lamminpää, and Pekka Stenholm. "Managing Business Transfer: Comap Ltd and FirmX Ltd." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 6, no. 1 (February 2005): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/0000000053026365.

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4

Covi, Giovanni, Mehmet Ziya Gorpe, and Christoffer Kok. "CoMap: Mapping Contagion in the Euro Area Banking Sector." Journal of Financial Stability 53 (April 2021): 100814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2020.100814.

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5

Melmed, A. J., and P. P. Camus. "Philosophy and design of a composition mapping atom probe (COMAP)." Surface Science 266, no. 1-3 (April 1992): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(92)91068-m.

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6

Gittleman, Arthur. "For All Practical Purposes: An Introduction to Contemporary Mathematics. By COMAP." American Mathematical Monthly 96, no. 5 (May 1989): 465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00029890.1989.11972224.

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7

Harris, Paul, Chris Brunsdon, and Martin Charlton. "The comap as a diagnostic tool for non-stationary kriging models." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 27, no. 3 (March 2013): 511–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2012.698014.

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8

Park, Yong, Hamad Al-Qublan, EunSu Lee, and Gokhan Egilmez. "Interactive Spatiotemporal Analysis of Oil Spills Using Comap in North Dakota." Informatics 3, no. 2 (March 30, 2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics3020004.

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9

Xu, Aiping, and Ji Wang. "Experience sharing: Mathematical Contest in Modelling (MCM)." MSOR Connections 15, no. 3 (April 30, 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21100/msor.v15i3.428.

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In January 2016, Coventry University’s sigma Mathematics Support Centre (MSC) funded three students for MCM, a multi-day mathematics competition held annually in the USA. This is organised by the Consortium for Mathematics and Its Applications (COMAP) and sponsored by the Mathematical Association of America (MAA), the Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) and the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). In this article the team leader and advisor reflect on their experience.

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10

Hooley, Donald E. "Farkle Fundamentals and Fun." Mathematics Teacher 107, no. 6 (February 2014): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mathteacher.107.6.0458.

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The dice game Farkle provides an excellent basis for four activities that reinforce probability and expected value concepts for students in an introductory statistics class. These concepts appear in the increasingly popular AP statistics course (Peck 2011) and are used in analyzing ethical issues from insurance and gambling (COMAP 2009; Woodward and Woodward 1994). In addition to investigating these four fun activities, we also investigate a strategy to optimize a player's score on a turn in Farkle and indicate possible additional explorations.

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11

Yuan, Y., and M. Sester. "COMAP: A SYNTHETIC DATASET FOR COLLECTIVE MULTI-AGENT PERCEPTION OF AUTONOMOUS DRIVING." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2021 (June 28, 2021): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2021-255-2021.

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Abstract. Collective perception of connected vehicles can sufficiently increase the safety and reliability of autonomous driving by sharing perception information. However, collecting real experimental data for such scenarios is extremely expensive. Therefore, we built a computational efficient co-simulation synthetic data generator through CARLA and SUMO simulators. The simulated data contain image and point cloud data as well as ground truth for object detection and semantic segmentation tasks. To verify the superior performance gain of collective perception over single-vehicle perception, we conducted experiments of vehicle detection, which is one of the most important perception tasks for autonomous driving, on this data set. A 3D object detector and a Bird’s Eye View (BEV) detector are trained and then test with different configurations of the number of cooperative vehicles and vehicle communication ranges. The experiment results showed that collective perception can not only dramatically increase the overall mean detection accuracy but also the localization accuracy of detected bounding boxes. Besides, a vehicle detection comparison experiment showed that the detection performance drop caused by sensor observation noise can be canceled out by redundant information collected by multiple vehicles.

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12

Adrian, Thomas, and Walter Heinrich. "COMAP: Acomigrating analysis programfor estimating the relationship of adenoviruses on the genome level." Nucleic Acids Research 14, no. 1 (1986): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/14.1.559.

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13

Sathaye, J., W. Makundi, and K. Andrasko. "A comprehensive mitigation assessment process (COMAP) for the evaluation of forestry mitigation options." Biomass and Bioenergy 8, no. 5 (January 1995): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0961-9534(95)00027-5.

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14

Sathaye, J. "A comprehensive mitigation assessment process (COMAP) for the evaluation of forestry mitigation options." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 37, no. 3 (May 1996): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6701(96)89063-1.

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15

Ihle, H. T., D. Chung, G. Stein, M. Alvarez, J. R. Bond, P. C. Breysse, K. A. Cleary, et al. "Joint Power Spectrum and Voxel Intensity Distribution Forecast on the CO Luminosity Function with COMAP." Astrophysical Journal 871, no. 1 (January 23, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf4bc.

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16

Tao, Sui, David Rohde, and Jonathan Corcoran. "Examining the spatial–temporal dynamics of bus passenger travel behaviour using smart card data and the flow-comap." Journal of Transport Geography 41 (December 2014): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.08.006.

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17

Breysse, Patrick C., and Rachael M. Alexandroff. "Observing AGN feedback with CO intensity mapping." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 490, no. 1 (September 13, 2019): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2534.

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ABSTRACT Current models of galaxy formation require star formation in high-mass galaxies to be limited by poorly understood mechanisms of quasar feedback. Feedback processes can be studied by examining the molecular gas content of AGN hosts through the CO rotational ladder, but the complexity of these observations means that current data are limited to only extremely CO-bright objects. Upcoming CO intensity mapping experiments offer an opportunity for a less biased probe of quasar feedback. By correlating intensity maps with spectroscopic AGN surveys, we can obtain a measurement of the mean CO luminosity of a large population of quasars simultaneously. We show that experiments like COMAP, CCAT-prime, and CONCERTO have enough sensitivity to detect this cross-correlation if existing AGN observations are representative of the whole population, and to place interesting upper limits if they are not. Future surveys will be able to increase the precision of these measurements by orders of magnitude, allowing detailed studies of quasar properties across a wide range of cosmic history.

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18

Ralston, Anthony. "Principles and Practices of Mathematics. By COMAP (Consortium for Mathematics and its Applications), Solomon Garfunkel, Project Director, Walter Meyer, Coordinating Editor." American Mathematical Monthly 105, no. 1 (January 1998): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00029890.1998.12004853.

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19

Emadi Andani, Mehran, and Fariba Bahrami. "COMAP: A new computational interpretation of human movement planning level based on coordinated minimum angle jerk policies and six universal movement elements." Human Movement Science 31, no. 5 (October 2012): 1037–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2012.01.001.

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20

Wang, Meina, Jing Yi, Xirui Chen, Wenhui Zhang, and Tiangang Qiang. "Spatial and Temporal Distribution Analysis of Traffic Accidents Using GIS-Based Data in Harbin." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (September 3, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9207500.

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Road traffic safety is a social issue of widespread concern. It is important for traffic managers to understand the distribution patterns of road traffic accidents. To this end, this study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of road traffic accidents from both accident frequency and accident severity perspectives. Road traffic accident data from 2016 to 2018 in Harbin, China, were used for the analysis. First, the spatial localization of accidents was completed using geocoding, and the localized accident data were classified by season. Then, density analysis was performed both with and without considering road network density. The results of the density analysis showed that when road network density was considered, accidents were mainly distributed in urban centers, while accidents were more dispersed when road network density was not considered. Third, a cluster analysis considering accident severity found that low-severity accident clusters occurred mostly in urban centers. High-severity accident clusters were mostly present in suburban areas. Finally, the results of these two methods are shown by using the comap technique. Areas of the city with a high frequency and severity of crashes in each season were identified. This study will help traffic management to have a more visual and intuitive understanding of the urban traffic safety situation and to take targeted measures to improve it accordingly.

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21

Martlew, Ian C. "The significance of ΥΓΡΟΝ ΥΔΩΡ in Anacreontic 33.22." Classical Quarterly 44, no. 1 (May 1994): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800017377.

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The phrase ὑγρòν ὓδωρ in Anacreontic 33.22 requires more explanation than has until now been offered: the parallel passages cited by M. L. West in his edition (Carmina Anacreontea, Leipzig, 1984), namely Ovid, Ars Am. 3.224, ‘nuda Venus madidas exprimit imbre comas’ and Her. 18.104, ‘madidam…imbre comam’, present the same image, but with quite a different vocabulary, whilst Patricia A. Rosenmeyer (The Poetics of Imitation: Anacreon and the Anacreontic Tradition, Cambridge, 1992, p. 80) regards it only as an example of tautology characteristic of the Anacreontic corpus. But it is by no means unique, and, both for this reason and in the context of the nature of the whole poem, it is capable of further elucidation.

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22

DIRKS, Ron P. H., Hans J. JANSEN, Carla ONNEKINK, Rob J. A. JONGE, and Henri P. J. BLOEMERS. "DNase-I-hypersensitive sites located far upstream of the human c-sis/PDGF-B gene comap with transcriptional enhancers and a silencer and are preceded by (part of) a new transcription unit." European Journal of Biochemistry 216, no. 2 (September 1993): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18167.x.

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23

Liot, Pierre, and Hervé Outin. "Comas." EMC - Neurologie 1, no. 1 (January 2004): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0246-0378(02)00121-5.

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24

Martin, P., and B. Piroelle. "Comas." EMC - Médecine d 'urgence 2, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1959-5182(07)73303-2.

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25

Miller, R. D. "Comar reports - COMAR activities 2004-2005." IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 24, no. 6 (November 2005): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memb.2005.1549734.

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26

Bang, L. T., B. D. Long, and R. Othman. "Carbonate Hydroxyapatite and Silicon-Substituted Carbonate Hydroxyapatite: Synthesis, Mechanical Properties, and Solubility Evaluations." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/969876.

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The present study investigates the chemical composition, solubility, and physical and mechanical properties of carbonate hydroxyapatite (CO3Ap) and silicon-substituted carbonate hydroxyapatite (Si-CO3Ap) which have been prepared by a simple precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) techniques were used to characterize the formation of CO3Ap and Si-CO3Ap. The results revealed that the silicate (SiO44-) and carbonate (CO32-) ions competed to occupy the phosphate (PO43-) site and also entered simultaneously into the hydroxyapatite structure. The Si-substituted CO3Ap reduced the powder crystallinity and promoted ion release which resulted in a better solubility compared to that of Si-free CO3Ap. The mean particle size of Si-CO3Ap was much finer than that of CO3Ap. At 750°C heat-treatment temperature, the diametral tensile strengths (DTS) of Si-CO3Ap and CO3Ap were about10.8±0.3and11.8±0.4MPa, respectively.

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27

Kunio, Ishikawa. "Carbonate Apatite Bone Replacement." Key Engineering Materials 587 (November 2013): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.587.17.

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Inorganic component of bone is not hydroxyapatite but carbonate apatite. Although pure carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) has not been prepared due to the limited thermal stability of CO3Ap, dissolution - precipitation method using precursor block allows fabrication of pure CO3Ap. Fabrication of CO3Ap, cell response, tissue response and improvement of CO3Ap will be discussed.

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28

Sakemi, Yuta, Koichiro Hayashi, Akira Tsuchiya, Yasuharu Nakashima, and Kunio Ishikawa. "Fabrication and Histological Evaluation of Porous Carbonate Apatite Block from Gypsum Block Containing Spherical Phenol Resin as a Porogen." Materials 12, no. 23 (December 2, 2019): 3997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233997.

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The utility of carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) as a bone substitute has been demonstrated. The feasibility of fabricating macroporous CO3Ap was evaluated through a two-step dissolution–precipitation reaction using gypsum as the precursor and spherical phenol resin as the porogen. Porogen-containing gypsum was heated to burn out the porogen and to fabricate macroporous structures. Gypsum transformed into CaCO3 upon immersion in a sodium carbonate solution, while maintaining its macroporous structure. Next, CaCO3 transformed into CO3Ap upon immersion in a Na2HPO4 solution while maintaining its macroporous structure. The utility of the macroporous CO3Ap for histologically reconstructing bone defects was evaluated in rabbit femurs. After 4 weeks, a much larger bone was formed inside the macroporous CO3Ap than that inside non-macroporous CO3Ap and macroporous hydroxyapatite (HAp). A larger amount of bone was observed inside non-macroporous CO3Ap than inside macroporous HAp. The bone defects were completely reconstructed within 12 weeks using macroporous CO3Ap. In conclusion, macroporous CO3Ap has good potential as an ideal bone substitute.

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29

Blick, D. W. "COMAR reports - Report of comar activities 2005~2006." IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 25, no. 3 (May 2006): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memb.2006.1636354.

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30

Hudson, Kimberly M., Tsung-Hsun Tsai, Charles Finch, Joel L. Dickerman, Silu Liu, and Ling Shen. "A Validity Study of COMLEX-USA Level 2-CE and COMAT Clinical Subjects: Concurrent and Predictive Evidence." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-19-00157.1.

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ABSTRACT Background The Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensure Examination (COMLEX-USA) Level 2–Cognitive Examination (CE) and the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Achievement Test (COMAT) are administered to similar populations (third- and fourth-year osteopathic students) at similar points in time. Examining the relationship between scores on the 2 assessments that measure similar constructs ultimately supports the validity of both. Objective The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence of the concurrent and predictive validity of COMAT and COMLEX-USA Level 2-CE. Methods In 2018, first-attempt scores on Level 2-CE were aggregated from June 2015 to May 2018 and matched with first-attempt scores on each COMAT clinical subject. We conducted correlational analyses between performance on COMAT and Level 2-CE, and COMAT scores and Level 2-CE discipline subscores. Additionally, we used multivariate regression to analyze the predictive relationship between performance on all COMAT clinical subjects and Level 2-CE. Results The results from correlational analyses indicated statistically significant, positive associations between COMAT and Level 2-CE scores (r = 0.49–0.68, P < .0001), and statistically significant, but slightly weaker relationships between COMAT scores and Level 2-CE discipline subscores (r = 0.31–0.60, P < .0001). Furthermore, results from the multiple regression indicated that scores on COMAT explained 68% of the variance in Level 2-CE scores, and that COMAT internal medicine and emergency medicine were weighted more heavily than other specialties. Conclusions The findings from this study can inform assessment practices by supporting the use of COMAT for osteopathic medical schools that do not administer COMAT.

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Munar, Girlie M., Melvin L. Munar, Kanji Tsuru, and Ishikawa Kunio. "Comparison of PLGA Reinforcement Method for Carbonate Apatite Foam." Key Engineering Materials 529-530 (November 2012): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.529-530.417.

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Carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) foam with interconnecting porous structure is a potential candidate as bone substitute material owing to its similarity to the cancellous bone with respect to composition, morphology and osteoclastic degradation. However, it is brittle and difficult to handle. This is thought to be caused by no organic material in the CO3Ap foam. The aim of this study is to reinforce the CO3Ap foam with poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). Immersion and vacuum infiltration methods were compared as reinforcing methods. Compressive strength of unreinforced CO3Ap foam, (12.0 ± 4.9 kPa) increased after PLGA reinforcement by immersion (187.6 ± 57.6 kPa) or by vacuum infiltration (407 ± 111.4 kPa). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the preservation of full interconnecting porous structure of CO3Ap foam after PLGA reinforcement using immersion or vacuum infiltration. Interface between the PLGA and CO3Ap foam, however revealed that no gap was found between the PLGA and CO3Ap foam interface when vacuum was used to reinforce the PLGA whereas a gap was found when simple immersion was used. Strong interface between PLGA and CO3Ap foam is therefore thought to be the key for higher compressive strength. In conclusion, vacuum infiltration is a more efficient method to reinforce the CO3Ap foam with PLGA for improving the mechanical strength without sacrificing the cancellous bone-type morphology.

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32

Okazaki, M., Y. Tieliewuhan, and I. Hirata. "Osteoblast Behavior at the Surface of CO₃Ap-Collagen Sponges." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.989.

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Carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) was synthesized at 60+1°C and pH 7.4+0.2, to develop a new biodegradable scaffold biomaterial. The synthetic CO3Ap was mixed with a neutralized collagen gel and the CO3Ap-collagen mixtures with different kinds of CO3Ap contents and porosity were frozen and dried in lyophilized into the sponges. CO3Ap-collagen mixtures were also lyophilized into sponges in a HAp frame ring with 0.5 mm pores. To examine the degree of cell invasion, mouse MC3T3-E1 cells were grown in αMEM with 10% heat-inactivated FBS in 96-well plates containing the CO3Ap-collagen sponges at 37°C in a 5% humidified atmosphere. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, samples of UV-irradiated CO3Ap-collagen sponges with frames were surgically implanted beneath the periosteum cranii of rats. SEM observation of CO3Ap-collagen sponges showed favorable pores for cell invasion. Approximately 50~300 µm size pores seemed to continue into the deep bottom. X-ray high-resolution microtomography revealed a clear image of 3D structure of the sponges. 70 wt% CO3Ap-collagen sponge seemed to be most favorable biomaterial from the viewpoint of the natural bone properties. Then, to avoid the shrinkage of the sponges, we successfully made a hybridized CO3Ap-collagen sponge with a frame. When these sponge-frame complexes were implanted beneath the periosteum cranii of rats, newly created bone was observed toward the inner core of the complex from the surface of the periosteum cranii.

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Tram, Nguyen Xuan Thanh, Michito Maruta, Kanji Tsuru, Shigeki Matsuya, and Kunio Ishikawa. "Osteoconductivity and Bioresorption of an Interconnecting Porous Carbonate Apatite with Enhanced Mechanical Strength." Key Engineering Materials 696 (May 2016): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.696.23.

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We have established a processing method to fabricate three - dimensional porous carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) with interconnected porous structure and improved mechanical strength. Briefly, porous CO3Ap materials were produced via phosphorization of porous calcite precursor in hydrothermal condition. In order to make porous calcite precursor, negative replication of modified polyurethane foam template was conducted. In this study, an in vivo behavior of that porous CO3Ap was evaluated. The interconnected porous CO3Ap material was implanted in the tibia of Japanese male rabbits and removed after a period of 6 months. Micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) scanner and histological analysis were used to characterize the bone formation response of the porous CO3Ap. The results suggest that porous CO3Ap with enhanced mechanical strength was not only osteoconductive but also bioresorbable therefore it could be used as bone substitute material.

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Cahyanto, Arief, Riki Toita, Kanji Tsuru, and Kunio Ishikawa. "Effect of Particle Size on Carbonate Apatite Cement Properties Consisting of Calcite (or Vaterite) and Dicalcium Phosphate Anhydrous." Key Engineering Materials 631 (November 2014): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.631.128.

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Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has been known as one of the components of carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) cement. Calcite is one of the polymorph of CaCO3 with big particle size and excellent stability. In contrast, vaterite has small particle size and a metastable phase. To discover the effect of particle size on the properties of CO3Ap cement, this study investigated the different particle size of vaterite; calcite from vaterite, which has almost similar particle size and shape with vaterite; grounded calcite and ungrounded calcite. The powder phase of calcite or vaterite combined with dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) was mixed with 0.8 mol/L of Na2HPO4 solution in 0.45 liquid to powder ratio. The paste was packed into a split stainless steel mold, covered with glass slide and kept at 37°C and 100% relative humidity for a period of time. XRD and FT-IR analysis revealed that CO3Ap cement consisted of vaterite and DCPA transformed to pure B-type CO3Ap in 72 hours while CO3Ap cement that consisted of calcite with different particle size was not completely transformed to CO3Ap even until 240 hours. We concluded that CO3Ap cement consisted of vaterite with small particle size and metastable phase properties is more effective as starting material due to its fast transformation to CO3Ap.

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Djustiana, Nina, Mitha Amaranila, Nadia Greviana, Myrna Nurlatifah Zakaria, Sunarso, and Arief Cahyanto. "Hardness Evaluation of Carbonate Apatite Cement Based on Various Ratio of Precursor." Key Engineering Materials 758 (November 2017): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.758.52.

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Carbonate Apatite (CO3Ap) cement is considered as an ideal bone substitute due to its biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Also, CO3Ap cement has the chemical composition that closes to natural bone. During cement preparation, precursors play an important role that affects the properties of CO3Ap cement. Cement hardness is one of the important properties that need to be evaluated before the obtained cement can be applied as a bone substitute. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of precursor ratio of CaCO3 and CaHPO4 on the hardness level of CO3Ap cement. In the present study, the CO3Ap cement was prepared from CaCO3 and CaHPO4. Both Commercial and synthesized CaCO3 were used. The CO3Ap cement obtained from commercial CaCO3 was used as a control group. Synthesized CaCO3 was obtained from Indonesian natural limestone. Three different CaCO3:CaHPO4 ratios, 40:60, 30:70 and 20:80 were mixed with 1 mol/L Na2HPO4. Samples were kept at 37°C with 100% relative humidity for 24 hours then tested using micro Vickers hardness testing machine. The micro Vickers hardness of the control group with CaCO3:CaHPO4 ratio of 40:60, 30:70 and 20:80 were 5.09 VHN, 6.34 VHN, and 6.73 VHN, respectively. Meanwhile, the micro Vickers hardness of the CO3Ap cement obtained from synthesized CaCO3 were 6.22 VHN, 7.50 VHN, and 10.37 VHN for the CaCO3:CaHPO4 ratio of 40:60, 30:70 and 20:80, respectively. The micro Vickers hardness level of CO3Ap cement precursor ratio from the lowest to the highest was 40:60 < 30:70 < 20:80. In conclusion, the precursor ratio significantly affects the hardness level of the CO3Ap cement. The hardness level of CO3Ap cement obtained from synthesized CaCO3 was higher compared with that obtained from commercial CaCO3.

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Le, Thi Bang, Xing Ling Shi, Ishikawa Kunio, and Radzali Othman. "Bone Marrow Cell Response on Carbonate Apatite/PCL-Coated α-Tricalcium Phosphate Foam." Advanced Materials Research 858 (November 2013): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.858.7.

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The aim of this research work was to investigate in vitro effect of the carbonate apatite/poly (ε-caprolactone) (CO3Ap/PCL) on α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) foam was produced by sintering CaCO3and CaHPO42H2O at 1500°C for 5 h. It was then coated with carbonate apatite (CO3Ap)/Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) (wt/wt=1/3) to improve both mechanical and biological properties. The initial cell attachment and proliferation of the bone marrow cells were carried out on the α-TCP and CO3Ap/PCL-coated α-TCP foams. The cell proliferation was calculated by AlamarBlue assay. The cells were able to migrate and proliferate well on both α-TCP and CO3Ap/PCL-coated α-TCP foams indicating an excellent biocompatibility. The incorporation of CO3Ap on the coating layer improved cellular attachment and accelerated proliferation. Thus, CO3Ap/PCL-coated α-TCP foam might be a promising candidate as implant material.

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Cahyanto, Arief, Elfira Megasari, Myrna Nurlatifah Zakaria, Nina Djustiana, Sunarso, Kosterman Usri, Dudi Aripin, Sri Tjahayawati, Marry Siti Mariam, and Sebastian Sunardhi Widyaputra. "Fabrication of Carbonate Apatite Cement as Endodontic Sealer." Key Engineering Materials 758 (November 2017): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.758.61.

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Carbonate Apatite (CO3Ap) cement has been widely used for bone substitute. It is known that CO3Ap crystals have the close composition to natural bone. It is expected that CO3Ap cement may play an essential role in endodontics treatment, particularly as an endodontic sealer due to its potential to obturate root canal system to a more hermetic and stable environment. Therefore, the aim of this study is to fabricate CO3Ap cement as a new material for endodontic sealer. The CO3Ap cement sealer was prepared by mixing dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), vaterite and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] with 0.2 mol/L Na2HPO4 containing 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and 32 µg thymoquinone, with liquid to powder ratio of 0.6. The set cement was incubated at 37°C under 100% relative humidity for 72 h. In this study, five compositions of powder ratio were prepared. The diametral tensile strength (DTS) evaluation indicated that CO3Ap cement made of 60% DCPA, 30% Vaterite and 10% Ca(OH)2 has the highest mechanical strength compared with the other compositions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the set cement with the highest DTS value indicated that CO3Ap crystals were successfully formed. The set cement with the highest DTS value showed the highest density compared with the other compositions evidenced from scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. In conclusion, the CO3Ap cement was successfully fabricated by mixing DCPA, vaterite and Ca(OH)2. The CO3Ap cement prepared from 60% DCPA, 30% Vaterite and 10% Ca(OH)2 demonstrated the highest DTS value compared with the other compositions.

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Zhang, Xiaoxu, Ikiru Atsuta, Ikue Narimatsu, Nobuyuki Ueda, Ryosuke Takahashi, Yuki Egashira, Jing-Qi Zhang, Jiong-Yan Gu, Kiyoshi Koyano, and Yasunori Ayukawa. "Replacement Process of Carbonate Apatite by Alveolar Bone in a Rat Extraction Socket." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 4457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164457.

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The objective of this study was to investigate a bone graft substitute containing carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) to analyze bone replacement and the state of bone formation in vitro and in vivo compared with autogenous bone (AB) or control. An osteoclast precursor cell line was cultured with AB or CO3Ap, and morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy and a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity assay were performed. The right maxillary first and second molars of Wistar rats were extracted and compensated by AB or CO3Ap granules. Following implantation, the bone formation state was evaluated after 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 days of surgery by micro-computed tomography and immunohistostaining. The osteoclast-like cell morphology was typical with many cell protrusions in the AB and CO3Ap groups. Additionally, the number of osteoclast-like cells formed in the culture increased in each group; however, there was no significant difference between the AB and CO3Ap groups. Five days after tooth extraction, osteoclasts were observed near CO3Ap. The bone thickness in the CO3Ap group was significantly increased than that in the control group and the bone formation in the CO3Ap group increased by the same level as that in the AB group. CO3Ap is gradually absorbed by osteoclasts in the extraction socket and is easily replaced by alveolar bone. The process of bone replacement by osteoclasts is similar to that of autologous bone. By observing the process of bone replacement in more detail, it may be possible to gain a better understanding of the bone formation and control the amount of bone after surgery.

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Alhaji, Suleiman Yusuf, Ezharul Houque Chowdhury, Rozita Rosli, Fatma Hassan, and Syahril Abdullah. "Gene Delivery Potential of Biofunctional Carbonate Apatite Nanoparticles in Lungs." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/646787.

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Existing nonviral gene delivery systems to lungs are inefficient and associated with dose limiting toxicity in mammalian cells. Therefore, carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) nanoparticles were examined as an alternative strategy for effective gene delivery to the lungs. This study aimed to (1) assess the gene delivery efficiency of CO3Apin vitroand in mouse lungs, (2) evaluate the cytotoxicity effect of CO3Ap/pDNAin vitro, and (3) characterize the CO3Ap/pDNA complex formulations. A significantly high level of reporter gene expression was detected from the lung cell line transfected with CO3Ap/pDNA complex prepared in both serum and serum-free medium. Cytotoxicity analysis revealed that the percentage of the viable cells treated with CO3Ap to be almost similar to the untreated cells. Characterization analyses showed that the CO3Ap/pDNA complexes are in a nanometer range with aggregated spherical structures and tended to be more negatively charged. In the lung of mice, highest level of transgene expression was observed when CO3Ap (8 μL) was complexed with 40 μg of pDNA at day 1 after administration. Although massive reduction of gene expression was seen beyond day 1 post administration, the level of expression remained significant throughout the study period.

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40

Ayukawa, Yasunori, Yumiko Suzuki, Kanji Tsuru, Kiyoshi Koyano, and Kunio Ishikawa. "Histological Comparison in Rats between Carbonate Apatite Fabricated from Gypsum and Sintered Hydroxyapatite on Bone Remodeling." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/579541.

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Carbonate apatite (CO3Ap), the form of apatite found in bone, has recently attracted attention. The purpose of the present study was to histologically evaluate the tissue/cellular response toward the low-crystalline CO3Ap fabricated using a dissolution-precipitation reaction with set gypsum as a precursor. When set gypsum was immersed in a 100°C 1 mol/L Na3PO4aqueous solution for 24 h, the set gypsum transformed into CO3Ap. Both CO3Ap and sintered hydroxyapatite (s-HAp), which was used as a control, were implanted into surgically created tibial bone defects of rats for histological evaluation. Two and 4 weeks after the implantation, histological sections were created and observed using light microscopy. The CO3Ap granules revealed both direct apposition of the bone matrix by osteoblasts and osteoclastic resorption. In contrast, the s-HAp granules maintained their contour even after 4 weeks following implantation which implied that there was a lack of replacement into the bone. The s-HAp granules were sometimes encapsulated with fibrous tissue, and macrophage polykaryon was occasionally observed directly apposed to the implanted granules. From the viewpoint of bone remodeling, the CO3Ap granules mimicked the bone matrix, suggesting that CO3Ap may be an appropriate bone substitute.

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Wright, H. E., and P. J. Bartlein. "Reflections on COHMAP." Holocene 3, no. 1 (March 1993): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095968369300300110.

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Walter, Frank. "Comal County, Texas." Phi Delta Kappan 99, no. 5 (January 22, 2018): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721718754807.

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Comal County, Texas, may be rural but its students face many of the same challenges as students in urban districts. Communities In Schools of South Central Texas works with the local school district to identify student needs and provide critical supports to help young people prepare for life after high school.

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43

Compa, Lance. "Lance Compa Responds." New Labor Forum 25, no. 1 (January 2016): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1095796015620371.

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Ishikawa, Kunio, Youji Miyamoto, Akira Tsuchiya, Koichiro Hayashi, Kanji Tsuru, and Go Ohe. "Physical and Histological Comparison of Hydroxyapatite, Carbonate Apatite, and β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Substitutes." Materials 11, no. 10 (October 16, 2018): 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101993.

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Three commercially available artificial bone substitutes with different compositions, hydroxyapatite (HAp; Neobone®), carbonate apatite (CO3Ap; Cytrans®), and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP; Cerasorb®), were compared with respect to their physical properties and tissue response to bone, using hybrid dogs. Both Neobone® (HAp) and Cerasorb® (β-TCP) were porous, whereas Cytrans® (CO3Ap) was dense. Crystallite size and specific surface area (SSA) of Neobone® (HAp), Cytrans® (CO3Ap), and Cerasorb® (β-TCP) were 75.4 ± 0.9 nm, 30.8 ± 0.8 nm, and 78.5 ± 7.5 nm, and 0.06 m2/g, 18.2 m2/g, and 1.0 m2/g, respectively. These values are consistent with the fact that both Neobone® (HAp) and Cerasorb® (β-TCP) are sintered ceramics, whereas Cytrans® (CO3Ap) is fabricated in aqueous solution. Dissolution in pH 5.3 solution mimicking Howship’s lacunae was fastest in CO3Ap (Cytrans®), whereas dissolution in pH 7.3 physiological solution was fastest in β-TCP (Cerasorb®). These results indicated that CO3Ap is stable under physiological conditions and is resorbed at Howship’s lacunae. Histological evaluation using hybrid dog mandible bone defect model revealed that new bone was formed from existing bone to the center of the bone defect when reconstructed with CO3Ap (Cytrans®) at week 4. The amount of bone increased at week 12, and resorption of the CO3Ap (Cytrans®) was confirmed. β-TCP (Cerasorb®) showed limited bone formation at week 4. However, a larger amount of bone was observed at week 12. Among these three bone substitutes, CO3Ap (Cytrans®) demonstrated the highest level of new bone formation. These results indicate the possibility that bone substitutes with compositions similar to that of bone may have properties similar to those of bone.

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Lee, Keunyoung, Wonseok Yang, Eunji Pyo, Hyebin Choi, Yeona Cha, Seonhong Lee, Chung Soo Kim, Dong-Kwon Lim, and Ki-Young Kwon. "Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported Cobalt-Calcium Phosphate Composite for Electrochemical Water Oxidation." Catalysts 11, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11080960.

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We report the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst composed of cobalt–calcium phosphate on reduced graphene oxide (CoCaP/rGO). Our catalyst is prepared by the anodic electrolysis of calcium phosphate/rGO mixture loaded on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) in Co2+ aqueous solution. TEM, XPS and XRD experiments confirm that the crystal phase of calcium phosphate (CaP) is transferred into an amorphous phase of calcium oxide with phosphate (5.06 at%) after anodic electrolysis. Additionally, the main cation component of calcium is replaced by cobalt ion. The current–voltage characteristics of CoCaP/rGO showed a shoulder peak at 1.10 V vs. NHE, which originated from Co2+ to higher oxidation states (Co3+ or Co4+) and a strong wave from water oxidation higher +1.16 V vs. NHE at neutral condition (pH 7). CoCaP and CoCaP/rGO showed 4.8 and 10 mA/cm2 at 0.47 V of overpotential, respectively. The enhanced OER catalytic activity of CoCaP/rGO arises from the synergetic interaction between the amorphous phase of CoCaP and electric conducting graphene sheets.

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46

Yumeisa, Astrie, Lisda Damayanti, Taufik Sumarsongko, Andrie Harmaji, and Arief Cahyanto. "Apatite Formation on Zirconia (Y-TZP) Coated with Carbonate Apatite in Simulated Body Fluid." Key Engineering Materials 829 (December 2019): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.829.145.

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Abstract. Various bioactive calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) have been widely studied due to their biocompatibility and osteoconductivity when implanted into bone defects. CO3Ap has the ability to adapt bone structure and induce bone regeneration; so that it can be categorized as resorbable bioactive materials. CO3Ap induced much stronger response such as cell adhesion and actin ring formation to osteoclast-like cells rather than HA. The aim of this study is to evaluate the bioactivity on zirconia (Y-TZP) coated with CO3Ap using simulated body fluid (SBF). Twenty Y-TZP ZrO2 disks with a 12-mm diameter and 1-mm thickness were employed as the samples. The disks were divided into two groups which the control group without CO3Ap coating and tested group with CO3Ap coating. Disks samples are dipped into CO3Ap suspension for one minute and stored in 37°C incubator for 24 hours. The disks were soaked in SBF for 1, 4, and 7 day(s) at 36.5°C. The obtained apatite crystals were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the apatite formation on the tested group was greater than the control group. The EDS pattern showed the presence of Ca and P on the control and tested group after SBF soaking, which indicate the apatite deposition on the disks’ surface. However, the Ca and P on the tested group was higher compared to the control group. The formation of apatite layer on the disks’ surface is bioactivity indicator of CO3Ap.

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Wibowo, Yunus Aris, Lintang Ronggowulan, Dian Adhetya Arif, Rikki Afrizal, Yaskinul Anwar, and Ayu Fathonah. "Perencanaan Mitigasi Bencana Banjir Non-Struktural Di Daerah Aliran Sungai Comal Hilir, Jawa Tengah." JPIG (Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi) 4, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/jpig.v4i2.3632.

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Abstract: River flooding has become a serious disruption for community which lives in downstream area of a watershed. Comal Watershed is annually experience river flooding caused by Comal River. Therefore, it is necessary to proper mitigation planning. This study organized the arrangement of river flooding non-structural mitigation planning. Qualitative approach was used in this study; not to mention the research design utilzed literature study and field survey. Literature study was used for finding out the river flood events record and affected area in downdstream area of Comal Watershed. Meanwhile, field survey was conducted to overview the socio-cultural condition of the community which live in it. The results indicated that river flooding non-structural mitigation planning area in downdstream area of Comal Watershed consisted of spatial planning in harmony with landuse management of Comal Watershed, detection and prediction of the Comal River discharge conditions through recording and observing hydrometeorological data, management planning of riparian zone, Disaster literacy toward schools and community, community communication system improvement, local wisdom enhancement, evacuation route arrangement, early warning system utilization, disaster simulation and reforestation. Mitigation planning is not only the responsibility of the government, but requires awareness and cooperation from the community.

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48

Darus, Fadilah, Mariatti Jaafar, and Nurazreena Ahmad. "Preparation of carbonate apatite scaffolds using different carbonate solution and soaking time." Processing and Application of Ceramics 13, no. 2 (2019): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1902139d.

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The aim of this study is to fabricate CO3Ap scaffolds using a dissolution-precipitation reaction during hydrothermal treatment. Beta-tricalcium phosphate (?-TCP) was used as a precursor instead of the commonly used alpha-tricalcium phosphate (?-TCP). Here, the CO3Ap scaffold fabrication was accomplished in two steps: i) fabrication of ?-TCP scaffold using a combination of direct foaming and a sacrificial template and ii) hydrothermal conversion of the ?-TCP scaffold at 200?C in 2mol/l NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 aqueous solutions for 2-10 days. The effect of two different solutions was identified in the dissolution-precipitation reaction. CO3Ap scaffold with 8.95wt.% carbonate content was successfully fabricated using a NaHCO3 solution. The average pore size of the scaffold was approximately 180 ?m with 72% porosity. The average compressive strength of the CO3Ap scaffold was 0.7MPa. Based on the compressive strength and carbonate content results, NaHCO3 aqueous solutions were chosen as carbonate sources for phase transformation to fabricate a CO3Ap scaffold over 6 days.

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Mojica, Gemma F., Christina N. Azmy, and Hollylynne S. Lee. "Exploring Data with CODAP." Mathematics Teacher 112, no. 6 (April 2019): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mathteacher.112.6.0473.

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Concord Consortium's Common Online Data Analysis Platform (CODAP), a free Web-based data tool designed for students in grades 6-12 and higher, is continuously being updated and developed for diverse projects in data science, science education, and mathematics/statistics education (https://codap.concord.org/). Teachers and students can access CODAP without downloading software or registering for accounts. Although some Web-based technology tools provide certain features for free and require users to pay a fee to use additional features, CODAP has no hidden costs. Devices need only be connected to the Internet using an updated Web browser (Chrome is preferred). CODAP is not optimized (yet) for use on such touchscreen devices as tablets or iPads®.

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Kunio, Ishikawa, Ryouji Shimogoryo, Hanae Wakae, Akari Takeuchi, and Shigeki Matsuya. "Fabrication of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Foam Granular and its Initial Evaluation Using Beagle Dogs." Key Engineering Materials 396-398 (October 2008): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.396-398.233.

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Biphasic calcium phosphate foam consisting of core aTCP covered with carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) was fabricated based on the compositional transformation by exposing aTCP foam to (NH4)2HPO4 aqueous solution at 200 °C for 90min in order to understand the effect on bone formation rate and granule remaining ratio. The BCP foam was gently crushed and sieved to prepare foam granular. Bone defects made at the mandible of beagle dog were reconstructed with aTCP, BCP and CO3Ap foam granular. 3 months after surgery, bone reconstruction rate of the BCP and CO3Ap were 159.7±28.6% and 169.0±29.7% whereas those of aTCP and blood clot group were 89.5±14.7% and 85.2±13.2%, respectively, and no further increase was observed at 6 month. On the other hand, granular remaining ratio was 3.0±1.7%, 3.1±1.8%, 6.9±2.0% for BCP, aTCP and CO3Ap foam granular, respectivly. We concluded therefore, BCP foam granular could be an ideal bone substitute since it alllows large porosity, at least similar bone formation ratio to CO3Ap and faster replacement to bone.

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