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Academic literature on the topic 'Columns'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Columns"

1

Melero Carnero, Laura. "Francisco Ríos Álvarez y su «Mirada en la Lengua»: estructura, temas e ideologías lingüísticas en sus Columnas sobre la lengua (CSL) en La Voz de Galicia." Revista de Investigación Lingüística 25 (December 31, 2022): 129–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/ril.524511.

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This article analyses Francisco Ríos Álvarez’s newspaper columns. The aim is to define this columnist’s writing style and its evolution, as well as his linguistic ideology. The study is framed within a line of research that investigates a subgenre of journalistic column called language columns. These are journalistic texts regularly published in a written newspaper, signed by a person of renown and dealing with analyses of language usage (Marimón, 2019b: 13). In order to analyse columns by the said author, a corpus was compiled consisting of 44 texts selected from the three series of columns that he authored. The findings reveal a stylistic, ideological and thematic evolution. Este trabajo analiza las columnas periodísticas de Francisco Ríos Álvarez, con el fin de definir el estilo de escritura y su evolución y la ideología lingüística del columnista. Esta investigación se enmarca dentro del estudio de un subgénero de columna periodística llamada Columnas sobre la lengua: un texto periodístico que se publica regularmente en un periódico escrito, firmadas por una persona de reconocido prestigio y en el que se explican los usos de la lengua (Marimón, 2019b: 13). Para analizar sus columnas, se ha creado un corpus con 44 columnas seleccionadas de las tres series que escribió. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que existe una evolución estilística e ideológica en sus columnas y en los temas sobre los que escribe.

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VIRGENS, J. P., R. B. GOMES, L. M. TRAUTWEIN, G. N. GUIMARÃES, and A. P. R. VAZ. "Experimental analysis of eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete columns with an added jacket of self-compacting concrete." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 12, no. 2 (April 2019): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952019000200007.

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Abstract This paper presents the experimental study of eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete columns with an added 35 mm self-compacting concrete jacket attached to the column’s most compressed face using wedge bolts. Nine columns with a 2000 mm height were tested under compression and one-way bending until failure. Columns were denominated as original column (PO) with a cross section of 120 mm x 250 mm; reference column (PR) with a cross section of 155 mm x 250 mm, and seven columns with an initial cross section of 120 mm x 250 mm and later reinforced by the addition of 35 mm self-compacting concrete layer and various configurations of wedge bolts. Except for the original column PO, the columns were submitted to a 42.5 mm load eccentricity due to the added concrete layer at the compressed face. Although failure of the wedge bolts did not occur, it was not possible to prevent detachment of the added layer. The results indicate that it is possible to structurally rehabilitate reinforce concrete columns with the use of the strengthening methodology used in this research, resulting in average ultimate load capacity gains of 271% compared to original column’s ultimate load.

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Schmidt, Jon A. "Design of Mill Building Columns Using Notional Loads." Engineering Journal 38, no. 2 (June 30, 2001): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.62913/engj.v38i2.753.

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Structural engineers have long recognized that mill building columns constitute a unique design situation. These columns typically support both the roof of the building at the top and one or more crane rails at an intermediate elevation. They accomplish this by taking the form of one of four common configurations (Fisher, 1993): a uniform column with a cantilevered bracket, a stepped column, separate laced columns, or separate battened columns (Figure 1). The last three options involve the use of a stronger and stiffer column section below the crane rail elevation by providing a larger section or a combination of two sections tied together for composite action. The presence of applied crane loads and, often, a transition of section properties at a point within the in-plane unbraced length of the overall column presents special challenges to the designer attempting to assess the member's strength and stability. Traditionally, determination of the load capacity of a steel column requires the calculation of an effective length factor, K. This value, when multiplied by the column's actual unbraced length, estimates the length of an equivalent pin-ended column with the same buckling load as the actual column. To be reasonably accurate, the effective length factor must account for various influences on the column's behavior, including initial material and geometrical imperfections, inelasticity, end restraint characteristics, and both horizontal and vertical interaction among the columns in the frame being analyzed. Over the years, engineers have developed several special procedures for establishing effective length factors for mill building columns that reflect their unique loading and geometry.

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Shaat, Amr, and Amir Fam. "Axial loading tests on short and long hollow structural steel columns retrofitted using carbon fibre reinforced polymers." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 458–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-042.

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This paper describes the behaviour of axially loaded short and long square hollow structural section (HSS) columns, strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. Twenty-seven short-column and five long-column HSS specimens were tested. The effect of CFRP sheet orientation in the longitudinal and transverse directions was studied for short columns. For long columns, CFRP sheets were oriented in the longitudinal direction only. A maximum strength gain of 18% was achieved for short columns with two transverse CFRP layers. For long columns, the maximum strength gain of 23% was achieved with three longitudinal CFRP layers applied on four sides. In all CFRP-strengthened long columns, lateral deflections were reduced. Strength gain in long columns was highly dependent on the column's imperfection. As such, no correlation was established between strength gain and number of CFRP layers. CAN/CSA 16-01 equation was modified to account for CFRP through transformed section analysis so that they could be used to predict the axial-load capacity of long columns.Key words: retrofit, steel, HSS, column, FRP, carbon, buckling, strength, stiffness.

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Rahbar-Kelishami, Ahmad, Hossein Bahmanyar, and Zahra Hajamini. "A novel approach for calculating packed column height based on new correlation of mass transfer coefficient." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2015-0008.

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Abstract The calculation of column’s height plays an important role in packed columns precise design. This research is based on experimentally measurement of mass transfer coefficients in different heights of packed column to predict its height. The objective of presented work is to introduce a novel conceptual method to predict column height via new correlation for mass transfer coefficient. As the mass transfer coefficient is decreased with increase of column height, the HTU’s are not constant figures along the column so this new approach is called increasing HTU’s. The results of the proposed idea were compared with other correlations and the conventional method i.e. constant HTU’s. Since the results are in very good agreement with experimental data comparing to conventional method, it seems this approach can be a turning point in design of all differential columns like packed columns. Making use of this method is suggested for design of differential columns.

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Luo, Wen Wen, Ying Min Li, Ni Na Zheng, and Na Chen. "Numerical Analysis of Seismic Behavior of Masonry Walls Confined by Precast Tie-Columns." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 2429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2429.

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In order to improve the seismic behavior of the rural masonry buildings and reduce the cost and be convenient for construction, a precast tie-column system was put forward, which was suitable for masonry buildings, constructed by fired common bricks or porous bricks. The uniaxial compression constitutive relation of brick masonry was used for simulating the precast tie-column. And this paper analyzed the difference of the seismic behavior of masonry walls which bearing different vertical compressive stress, and confined by cast-in-place tie-columns or precast tie-columns, and whether contain windows or not. The results show that the uniaxial compression constitutive relation used for simulating precast tie-column is reasonable and the seismic behavior of masonry walls confined by precast tie-columns is better than the wall without tie-colums, and equal to those confined by cast-in-place tie-columns.

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Belakhdar, Ahmed Rafik, Mohamed Salah Dimia, and Mohamed Baghdadi. "Post-fire behavior of RC columns repaired with square hollow section steel tube and RC concrete jackets." Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences 9, no. 6 (July 20, 2023): 161456–01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18540/jcecvl9iss6pp161456-01e.

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This paper investigates numerically fire-exposed reinforced concrete (RC) columns. As a first step, the study examined the effects of exposing the columns to fire for 60 minutes according to the ISO 834 fire standard on the column's residual load-bearing capacity by considering some decisive geometrical parameters such as the column height and its cross-sectional area. The second step consisted of investigating the effectiveness of the strengthening technique utilized by incorporating composite jackets, considering different strengths of concrete, in order to improve the post-fire behavior of these columns. The results showed that the longer the column is exposed to fire, the lower its bearing capacity. However, it was also found that increasing the column cross-sectional area can reduce the percentage of load-bearing capacity. Finally, it was revealed that the strengthening method used herein allowed restoring the capacity of the columns exposed to fire for a period of one hour by up to 180%.

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Ibraheem, Rawaa S., and Alaa H. Al-Zuhairi. "A Comparative Study on Behavior of RC Columns Strengthened by CFRP and Steel Jacket." E3S Web of Conferences 318 (2021): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131803002.

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This paper studies the behavior of axially loaded RC columns which are confined with carbon fiber reinforced polymers’ sheet (CFRP) and steel jackets (SJ). The study is based on twelve axially loaded RC columns tested up to failure. It is divided into three schemes based on its strengthening type; each scheme has four columns. The main parameters in this study were the compressive strength of the concrete and steel reinforcement ratio. Furthermore, the results of the experimental test showed a substantial enhancement in the column's load-carrying capacity. When compared to the original columns, the CFRP sheet had a significant effect on improving the ductility of the column by increasing the axial deformation by about 59.2 to 95.7%. On the other hand, the SJ contributed mostly to the column load-carrying capacity, which increased the capacity of RC concrete from 75 to 107%; because of its composite action comparing with the CFRP sheet action in which unidirectional lateral confinement is provided. Both methods produced completely different failure modes. The columns strengthened with CFRP sheet failed by rupture occurring in the sheet fibers. The strengthened with SJ failed due to the buckling that occurred in the steel angles due to the direct contact with the head of the column, and crushing in the concrete has occurred.

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Zacarese, Lawrence M. "A column about columns." Campus Security Report 21, no. 2 (May 15, 2024): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/casr.31261.

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I was chatting with my youngest son the other day while driving him to wrestling practice and playing “Daddy Uber.” I mentioned to him that I needed to work on writing my column, and he asked me what it was about. I mentioned I had a few ideas, but there were so many things going on in higher education, many that I have written extensively about, that I wasn’t sure which direction I was headed yet. He suggested that I take a page out of John Grogan's book.

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Niu, Jiangang, Wenming Xu, Jingjun Li, and Jian Liang. "Influence of Cross-Sectional Shape on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete Canvas and CFRP-Reinforced Columns." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (May 11, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5541587.

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Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapping has become an attractive strengthening technique for concrete columns. However, the ingress of corrosion into the concrete through the gap of CFRP fiber greatly reduces the durability of concrete and the bearing capacity of specimens. Concrete canvas, a kind of corrosion-resistant and refractory material, is a promising method to enhance durability and carrying capacity. In this study, the concrete canvas (CC) and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) were used to jointly reinforce columns with square cross section, octagonal cross section, circular cross section, and elliptical cross section. The influence of section shape on the strengthening effect of the axial compression column was investigated by the axial compression test. The results showed that the section shape had a significant influence on the reinforcement effect of the axial compression column. The carrying load capacity and ductility coefficient of different columns follow this order: square column < oval-shaped columns < octagonal columns < circle columns. The increased amplitude of bearing capacity for the different columns with the increase of CC layers follows this order: square columns < oval-shaped columns < circle column < octagonal columns. Compared with the unconstraint columns, the bearing capacity of adopting two-layer CC columns increased by 129%, 155%, 150%, and 139% for the square, octagonal, circular, and elliptical columns, respectively. The octagonal column has the largest increase range. Compared with the unconstraint columns, the bearing capacity of adopting two-layer CC columns increased by 348%, 318%, 310%, and 296% for the square, octagonal, elliptical, and circular columns, respectively. The square column has the largest increase range. The stress concentration phenomenon of all section shapes was weakened after the CC was used. The application of the CC on CFRP-reinforced columns improves column ductility significantly, with some degree of increase in bearing capacity.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Columns"

1

Jemah, Adel Karem. "Buckling of stayed columns and elastically supported columns." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278598.

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Hazel, William Andrew. "Fourteen Columns." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44950.

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The thesis inquiry is a study of the interrelations between character, emotion and rationality in architecture. The primary modes of representation are digital still photography and hand drawing. To best illuminate these issues the work of the eye and hand of the architect play a vital role. Pastel, pencil and charcoal are the preferred media for the works on paper. Programmatically the building is a boathouse for eight-men crew shells. The boathouse is embedded into an ideal hillside, with one curved side angled slightly to the water and the landscape beyond. Together with a generous curved roof running the length of the boathouse they provide a covered architectural prow and dry sanctuary below for the storage of the crew shells. From the prow above one has an expansive overlook on the water and the varied activities upon it. In the thesis project water is not seen as a substance, but rather as a material with a capacity to influence the character of the interior space. For example in the lower level of the boathouse there are small windows adjacent to an artificial water basin. Filtered sunlight passes through the water collected in the basin and then through the small windows. This condition allows a subtle colored light to pervade the lower space. Another important aspect of this building is a consideration of the twenty-four hour rhythm of day and night. For much of the rowing community, mornings and afternoons are when races or practice activities occur. However the building must be able to show itself when the sun is arriving and departing. In the morning the boathouse and its interior act as an invitation to the rising sun. At night the building provides light to gently illuminate the darkening surroundings at dusk â similar to a lighthouse resting on its side for shells to navigate towards.
Master of Architecture

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Jovanovic, Dejan, and Ruslan Khalilov. "Transverse force absorption in column base mounts for steel columns : Screw joints in column bases." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302520.

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It is common to use different construction materials in combination such as concrete, steel, wood and glass in order to optimize buildings. The purpose of this is to reduce weight and increase load capacity, but it also facilitates assembly and reduces construction time. Steel column bases anchored in concrete foundations are an example of a combination of interaction nodes between steel and concrete elements. This report studies the friction between the lower edge of the base plate and the grout, which is a function of the normal force of the column. The friction that occurs between the square washer and the foot plate has also been examined as a result of the tightening moment. The work has placed great focus on discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods for transverse force absorption in column bases. Delimitations have been made, the attachment of the column to the base plate has not been taken into account in this report, as this depends on which column cross section is selected and must be checked for the specific case. To arrive at the results, an in-depth literature study was conducted to gather information on the various issues and a calculation model in Excel was created. The calculation model was used to check how large the design load-bearing capacity is for transverse force absorption in a column base, but the checks were only made for non-prestressed joints. This is because prestressed joints also have other factors that affect the transverse resistance, outside the purpose and issue of the work. The Excel model is based on producing the results from calculation with nominal clamping force and comparing it with clamping force calculated with tightening torque. The results will be reported in the form of graphs and tables, where it will be possible to read the difference in the dimensioning load-bearing capacity for transverse force absorption in non-prestressed joints at nominal clamping force and clamping force calculated with tightening torque. The report shows a clear difference in results, where the nominal clamping force became significantly larger and this is supported by handbook on screw joints, as it is mentioned that “it is not possible to give an exact value of the coefficient of friction due to the large number of factors that affect ”, this means that the impact on the clamping force will be large.
Det är vanligt förekommande att man använder sig av olika konstruktionsmaterial i kombination med varandra såsom betong, stål, trä och glas för att på så sätt kunna optimera byggnader. Syftet med detta är att minska vikt och öka belastningskapacitet, men det underlättar även montaget och minskar byggtiden. Pelarfötter av stål förankrade i betongfundament är ett exempel på en kombination av samverkansknutpunkter mellan stål och betongelement. I denna rapport studeras friktionen mellan underkant fotplatta och undergjutning, som är en funktion av pelarens normalkraft. Även friktionen som uppstår mellan fyrkantsbrickan och fotplattan kommer att undersökas som ett resultat av åtdragningsmomentet. Arbetet har lagt stor fokus på att diskutera för- och nackdelar med de olika metoderna för tvärkraftsupptagning i pelarfötter. Avgränsningar har gjorts, pelarens infästning till fotplåten har inte beaktats i denna rapport, eftersom detta är beroende av vilket pelartvärsnitt som är valt och måste kontrolleras för det specifika fallet. För att komma fram till resultaten utfördes en fördjupad litteraturstudie för att samla ihop information om de olika frågeställningarna och en beräkningsmodell i Excel skapades. Beräkningsmodellen användes för att kontrollera hur stor den dimensionerande bärförmågan är för tvärkraftsupptagning i en pelarfot, men kontrollerna görs endast för icke förspända förband. Detta eftersom förspända förband även har andra faktorer som påverkar tvärkraftskapaciteten, utanför arbetets syfte och frågeställning. Excel-modellen går ut på att ta fram resultaten ur beräkning med nominell spännkraft och jämföra den med spännkraft beräknad med åtdragningsmoment. Resultaten redovisas i form av grafer och tabeller, där man kan läsa av skillnaden i den dimensionerande bärförmågan för tvärkraftupptagning i icke förspända förband vid nominell spännkraft och spännkraft beräknad med åtdragningsmoment. Rapporten visar en tydlig skillnad i resultat, där den nominella spännkraften blev betydligt större och detta stöds av handbok om skruvförband, då det nämns att “det är inte möjligt att ge ett exakt värde på friktionskoefficienten på grund av det stora antalet faktorer som påverkar”, detta medför att inverkan på klämkraften blir stor.

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Lau, Hieng Ho. "The influence of column base connectivity on the stability of columns and frames." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394626.

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Malkin, Douglas Scott, and Douglas Scott Malkin. "An Investigation of a Novel Monolithic Chromatography Column, Silica Colloidal Crystal Packed Columns." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193936.

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Many researchers have investigated ways to improve the separation power of conventional chromatography, most notable is the development of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). However, only slight improvements in separation efficiency have been achieved up to this point, and unfortunately, modern reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) methods do not have high enough resolving power to analyze complex proteomic mixtures.Uniformly sized silica particles from 10 nm to 1 micron are known to self-assemble into a highly ordered face centered cubic crystal. Silica colloidal crystals have shown recent promise in biological applications such as permselective nanoporous membranes, DNA sieving, reversed phase separation of small molecules on planar substrates, protein sieving, microarrays, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy of live cells, and 3-D scaffolds for supported lipid films. In this work, silica colloidal crystals packed in capillaries are explored for their potential improvement in the efficiency of reversed phase chromatography.The silica colloidal crystal columns were chemically stabilized by with trichlorosilanes. The trichlorosilanes form chemical bonds between the particles and the particles and the substrate creating an increase in mechanical stability, and at the same time, providing an excellent chromatographic monolayer. After stabilization the fritless columns were able to withstand the pressure limit of the commercial UHPLC. Next, the columns were characterized using a small dye molecule, 1,1' - Didodecyl - 3,3,3',3' - tetramethylindocarbocyanine (DiIC12). The dye was run under capillary electrochromatography (CEC), and sub-micron plate heights were achieved. Further, a van Deemter plot of the dye molecule indicates that the plate height is largely due to the molecule's diffusion. This result suggests that the plate heights for proteins would be even smaller, since proteins have diffusion coefficients an order of magnitude smaller. The analysis of proteins by CEC yielded nanometer plate heights. Finally, pressure driven flow separations coupled with nano-electrospray ionization (n-ESI) MS have also been explored. The Poiseuille flow profile has been shown not to perturb the low plate heights. Gradient elution of peptides was also achieved, and the results demonstrate the highest chromatographic peak capacities for short analysis times to date.

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Vais, Anca Mihaela. "Side reboiled distillation columns." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270237.

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Khalil, Nariman Jaber. "Slender reinforced concrete columns." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305374.

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BUFFONI, SALETE SOUZA DE OLIVEIRA. "PARAMETRIC INSTABILITY OF COLUMNS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1998. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=2132@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARÁ
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver uma formulação e certas estratégias que permitam a análise da perda de estabilidade de colunas esbeltas submetidas a carregamento axial periódico, fenômeno este conhecido como ressonância paramétrica. Uma excitação é dita paramétrica quando aparece nas equações de movimento do sistema na forma de coeficientes variáveis com o tempo - geralmente periódicos - e não como uma não homogeneidade. A coluna é descrita pela formulação clássica de Navier. O presente trabalho trata a coluna considerando-se um e três graus de liberdade com ou sem não-linearidades. As equações de movimento são obtidas utilizando-se o princípio de Hamilton através do método de Ritz. A equação linear (equação de Mathieu) e a equação de Duffing com pequeno amortecimento, são resolvidas de forma aproximada pelo método das múltiplas escalas, revelando a possibilidade de instabilização da posição de equilíbrio em diversas regiões do espaço definido pelos parâmetros de controle. A mesma conclusão é mostrada utilizando-se procedimentos computacionais para a resolução dos sistemas de equações lineares e nãolineares, com ou sem imperfeição geométrica inicial, podendo-se obter assim, a resposta do sistema, planos fase, seções de Poincaré e diagramas de bifurcação. Mostra-se a partir dos resultados numéricos, que a coluna submetida a cargas axiais harmônicas, pode tanto apresentar soluções com o mesmo período da força excitadora, quanto oscilações subarmônicas e superarmônicas de diversas ordens, além de movimentos caóticos.
The main aim of the present work is to develop a formulation and some strategies for the instability analysis of slender columns under an axial harmonic force this phenomenon is known as parametric ressonance. An excitation is said to be parametric if it appears as timedependent - often periodic - coefficients in the equations governing the motion of the system,and not as an inhomogeneous term.The column is described by Navier classical formulation. The present work consider the column with one or three degrees of freedom with or without nonlinearities. The equations governing the motion are obtained by the Ritz method.The linear equation (Mathieu equation) and the Duffing equation with small damping are solved in an approximate way using multiple scales techniques, revealing the possibility of destabilizing the static equilibrium position in certain regions of the control space. A similar conclusion is obtained by employing numerical methods for the solution of linear and nonlinear equation systems with or without initial geometrical imperfections.This enables one to obtain time response, phase space, projections Poincaré sections and bifurcation diagrams. These numerical results show that the column with nonlinearities and loaded by a periodic longitudinal force can present various solutions with the same period as the forcing and subharmonic e superharmonic oscillations, as well as chaotic motions.

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Lui, Wing Man. "Design of cold-formed high strength stainless steel tubular columns and beam-columns /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202004%20LUI.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-154). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

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Perea, Tiziano. "Analytical and experimental study on slender concrete-filled steel tube columns and beam-columns." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37303.

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The use of composite steel-concrete columns and beam-columns in many structural systems is increasing globally due to the intrinsic synergy when these materials are designed and detailed together properly. However, limited test data are available to justify the structural system response factors and comprehensive design equations in current design specifications. This research, through the testing of 18 full-scale, slender concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) beam-columns, attempts to address the latter need. The circular and rectangular CFT specimens tested for this research are by far the longest and the most slender full-scale CFT members tested worldwide. These CFT specimens were subjected to a complex load protocol that includes pure compression, uniaxial and biaxial bending combined with compression, pure torsion, and torsion combined with compression. In addition, data from the hydrostatic pressure on the steel tubes due to the fresh concrete at casting was evaluated. The single most important contribution of this research is the clarification of the interaction between strength and stability in slender composite concrete-filled columns and beam-columns. Parallel to the experimental study, advanced computational analyses were carried out to calibrate material and element models that characterize the salient features of the observed CFT response, such as steel local buckling and residual stresses, concrete confinement, stability effects, strength, and stiffness degradation, among others. Based on the observed behavior, simplified guidelines for the computation of the strength and stiffness parameters for CFT columns and beam-columns are proposed for design purposes.

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Books on the topic "Columns"

1

Canadian Society of Civil Engineers., ed. Columns. [S.l: s.n., 1986.

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Staff, Insignia Accounts. Column Pad: Columnar 4 Columns. Independently Published, 2017.

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Staff, Insignia Accounts. Column Book: Columnar 4 Columns. Independently Published, 2017.

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Staff, Insignia Accounts. Money Column Book: Columnar 4 Columns. Independently Published, 2017.

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Staff, Insignia Accounts. Columnar Pad 4 Columns: 4 Columns. Independently Published, 2017.

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Staff, Insignia Accounts. Columnar Sheet: 4 Columns. Independently Published, 2017.

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Staff, Insignia Accounts. Columnar Worksheet: 4 Columns. Independently Published, 2017.

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Staff, Insignia Accounts. Columnar Notebook: 4 Columns. Independently Published, 2017.

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Staff, Insignia Accounts. Columnar Book: 4 Columns. Independently Published, 2017.

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Staff, Insignia Accounts. Columnar Paper: 4 Columns. Independently Published, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Columns"

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Shama, Mohamed. "Columns and Beam Columns." In Buckling of Ship Structures, 237–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17961-7_10.

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Gere, James M., and Stephen P. Timoshenko. "Columns." In Mechanics of Materials, 577–626. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3124-5_9.

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Hoffman, Edward S., David P. Gustafson, and Albert J. Gouwens. "Columns." In Structural Design Guide to the ACI Building Code, 266–323. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6619-6_10.

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Tyson, Herb. "Columns." In Microsoft® Word 2010 Bible, 467–75. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118983966.ch27.

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Dolan, John W., and Lloyd R. Snyder. "Columns." In Troubleshooting LC Systems, 291–326. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-640-9_11.

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Krenk, Steen. "Columns." In Mechanics and Analysis of Beams, Columns and Cables, 153–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56694-3_3.

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Setareh, Mehdi, and Robert Darvas. "Columns." In Concrete Structures, 277–370. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24115-9_5.

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Mori, Sadao, and Howard G. Barth. "Columns." In Size Exclusion Chromatography, 45–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03910-6_4.

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Ghavami, Parviz. "Columns." In Mechanics of Materials, 227–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07572-3_10.

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Hoffman, Edward S., Albert S. Gouwens, David P. Gustafson, and Paul F. Rice. "Columns." In Structural Design Guide, 123–45. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1171-3_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Columns"

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Sheikh, Shamim Ahmed, and Zahra Kharal. "Corrosion-resistant Reinforced Concrete Columns." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0946.

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<p>To address this issue of corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete, large scale columns reinforced with glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars were tested under simulated earthquake loads. In addition to the moment - curvature and shear - deflection responses, ductility factors, and work and energy dissipation parameters were used to evaluate column performance. Twenty-five columns with circular and square sections can be compared to investigate variables such as axial load level, amount and type of reinforcement, i.e. GFRP vs steel. GFRP-reinforced columns were found to behave with stable post-peak response and achieved high levels of deformability and energy dissipation. The optimum solution with respect to column strength, stiffness, ductility and energy dissipation, and corrosion resistance appears to be a hybrid column with steel longitudinal bars and GFRP transverse reinforcement.</p>

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Abd El Gawad, Moataz A. M., Hesham A. Hegazi, and Sayed M. Metwalli. "Optimum Design of Columns Under Elastic Buckling." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70601.

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In this paper, a generalized approach is developed to optimize column configuration subjected to buckling load. The configuration utilizes B-spline contour to provide more freedom to model the column shape. Previous columns in literature use tapered or parabolic tapered for configuration. This work considers hinged-hinged columns of circular solid cross-sectional area. Two sample applications are optimized using Genetic Algorithm with the finite difference method to satisfy the buckling constraints. The length and load are fixed. The objective is to minimize the volume considering the cross-sectional diameters as the design variables. B-Spline quadratic with three and five control points and cubic with five control points are applied. The proposed configuration is compared with tapered and parabolic tapered columns. Results show that continuity provides a better optimum against column buckling than other tapered columns. Even though volume is more than some configurations by about 1.67%, but those configurations would not satisfy buckling constraints over the entire length of the column.

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Liu, Mingyue, Longfei Xiao, Yufeng Kou, and Haining Lu. "Numerical Study on Vortex-Induced Motions of Semi-Submersibles With Various Types of Columns." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62355.

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Vortex-induced motions (VIM) of offshore floaters occur when the frequency of the vortex shedding is close to the natural frequency in the transverse direction of the unit subjected to the current, and this can severely affect the fatigue life of mooring lines and risers. Literatures in recent years have shown an increasing interest in the VIM behavior of semi-submersibles (SS), the geometry of which implies a more complex VIM phenomenon. In the case of multi-column semi-submersibles, the vortices shed around each column. Thus the shape of the columns, circular or square, and the wake interference different for each current heading, characterize the VIM of the unit. Based on verification by the VIM towing tests for a semi-submersible with four rounded square columns, VIM simulations were conducted using CFD method in the model scale for four semi-submersibles with different column designs: a SS model with four rounded square columns (SRC-SS), a SS model with four circular columns (CC-SS), a SS model with two tandem rounded square columns and two tandem circular columns (SRCT-CCT-SS), and a SS model with two staggered rounded square columns and two staggered circular columns (SRCS-CCS-SS). The current headings ranged from 0° to 180° and reduced velocities of 4 up to 14 were considered. Different semi-submersibles present different VIM performances owing to the influence of the column design. The most significant transverse motions of the CC-SS model occur at the 0° current heading with the largest nominal transverse amplitudes around 74% of the column diameter. On the other hand, the maximum amplitudes in the transverse direction of the SRC-SS model, approximately 63% of the column width, are observed at the 45° current heading. Additionally, the VIM responses could be mitigated when the semi-submersible consists of combined circular-section and square-section columns.

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Weston, Mark. "Water Columns." In SIGGRAPH '13: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2503649.2503672.

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Khan, Omar. "Open columns." In the 28th of the international conference extended abstracts. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1753846.1754232.

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Hirabayashi, Shinichiro, Murilo M. Cicolin, Rodolfo T. Gonçalves, Gustavo R. S. Assi, and Hideyuki Suzuki. "Analysis of Wake Interaction of Oscillating Platform With Four Columns." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95749.

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Abstract The effect of wake interaction on the hydrodynamic force was experimentally investigated. A scaled platform model with four columns was subjected to a current in the circulating water channel with constant velocity. The diameter of each column was 75 mm, and the aspect ratio (defined by the ratio between the column draft and diameter) was 1.5. The spacing ratios, (defined by the ratio between the distance of column centers and diameter) were 3 and 4. The platform was forced to oscillate with different frequencies and amplitudes. Flow around columns was measured by using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The difference of hydrodynamic forces on each column was discussed concerning the effect of wake interaction among columns.

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Igra, D., and K. Takayama. "Study of Two Cylindrical Water Columns Subjected to Planar Shock Wave Loading." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2044.

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Abstract Two water columns with identical initial diameters of 4.8 mm were placed 30 mm apart inside a shock tube test section and loaded by a shock wave of Mach number 1.47 in atmospheric air. The Weber and Reynolds numbers corresponding to these flow conditions are 6,900 and 112,000, respectively. Double exposure holographic interferometry was used to visualize the shock/water columns interaction. The process of the water columns deformation, displacement, acceleration was well visualized and hence the drag coefficient of shock loaded water columns was evaluated. The water column in the front behaved virtually the same as a single water column. However the displacement and acceleration of the rear water column was less significant than that of the front one. Hence its drag coefficient is less. These results show that the frontal water column has affected the flow field around the rear water column.

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Spangler, Glenn E. "Modification of Golay’s Theory for Rectangular Microfabricated Gas Chromatographic Columns." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1245.

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Abstract The effect of band broadening in gas chromatography is specified by the height-equivalent-to-a-theoretical-plate (HETP) for the column. The HETP takes into account both longitudinal diffusion and resistance-to-mass-transfer in the gas and liquid phases. The original theory supporting HETP calculations was developed by Golay in 1958. Golay developed his theory for open-tubular and square columns, but not rectangular columns. This paper describes modifications that can be applied to Golay’s theory to address band broadening in a microfabricated rectangular column. For a given column length, microfabricated columns can have lower HETP’s than conventional capillary columns. A good rule of thumb is that resolution can be adjusted by selecting the column depth (provided it is much less than the column width), and the volumetric flow of carrier gas can be adjusted by selecting the cross-sectional area. A satisfactory compromise for operating parameters is to use a low inlet pressure that also provides an HETP that remains constant over a range of pressures.

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Güler, Soner, Fuat Korkut, Namik Yaltay, and Demet Yavuz. "Axial behaviour of concrete filled steel tube stub columns: a review." In 12th international conference on ‘Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures’ - ASCCS 2018. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/asccs2018.2018.7602.

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Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns are widely used in construction of high-rise buildings and peers of bridges to increase the lateral stiffness of the buildings, the axial load capacity, ductility, toughness, and resistance of corrosion of the columns. The CFST columns have much superior characteristics compared with traditionally reinforced concrete columns. The position of the concrete and steel tube in the cross-section of the CFST column is the most appropriate solution in terms of the strength and ductility. The steel tube, which is placed outside of the cross-section of the column, withstand the bending moment effectively. The concrete that is placed into the steel tube delay the local buckling of the steel tube and increase the axial load capacity of the column due to continually lateral confining. This paper presents a review on experimental results of the axial behavior of CFST columns performed by various researchers.

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Xiao, Yan. "From Steel Tubed Columns to FRP Tubed Columns." In Structures Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40558(2001)143.

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Reports on the topic "Columns"

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Nema, Arpit, and Jose Restrep. Low Seismic Damage Columns for Accelerated Bridge Construction. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zisp3722.

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This report describes the design, construction, and shaking table response and computation simulation of a Low Seismic-Damage Bridge Bent built using Accelerated Bridge Construction methods. The proposed bent combines precast post-tensioned columns with precast foundation and bent cap to simplify off- and on-site construction burdens and minimize earthquake-induced damage and associated repair costs. Each column consists of reinforced concrete cast inside a cylindrical steel shell, which acts as the formwork, and the confining and shear reinforcement. The column steel shell is engineered to facilitate the formation of a rocking interface for concentrating the deformation demands in the columns, thereby reducing earthquake-induced damage. The precast foundation and bent cap have corrugated-metal-duct lined sockets, where the columns will be placed and grouted on-site to form the column–beam joints. Large inelastic deformation demands in the structure are concentrated at the column–beam interfaces, which are designed to accommodate these demands with minimal structural damage. Longitudinal post-tensioned high-strength steel threaded bars, designed to respond elastically, ensure re-centering behavior. Internal mild steel reinforcing bars, debonded from the concrete at the interfaces, provide energy dissipation and impact mitigation.

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Terzic, Vesna, and William Pasco. Novel Method for Probabilistic Evaluation of the Post-Earthquake Functionality of a Bridge. Mineta Transportation Institute, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1916.

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While modern overpass bridges are safe against collapse, their functionality will likely be compromised in case of design-level or beyond design-level earthquake, which may generate excessive residual displacements of the bridge deck. Presently, there is no validated, quantitative approach for estimating the operational level of the bridge after an earthquake due to the difficulty of accurately simulating residual displacements. This research develops a novel method for probabilistic evaluation of the post-earthquake functionality state of the bridge; the approach is founded on an explicit evaluation of bridge residual displacements and associated traffic capacity by considering realistic traffic load scenarios. This research proposes a high-fidelity finite-element model for bridge columns, developed and calibrated using existing experimental data from the shake table tests of a full-scale bridge column. This finite-element model of the bridge column is further expanded to enable evaluation of the axial load-carrying capacity of damaged columns, which is critical for an accurate evaluation of the traffic capacity of the bridge. Existing experimental data from the crushing tests on the columns with earthquake-induced damage support this phase of the finite-element model development. To properly evaluate the bridge's post-earthquake functionality state, realistic traffic loadings representative of different bridge conditions (e.g., immediate access, emergency traffic only, closed) are applied in the proposed model following an earthquake simulation. The traffic loadings in the finite-element model consider the distribution of the vehicles on the bridge causing the largest forces in the bridge columns.

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Trautschold, Olivia Carol, and Nicholas Gerardo Parra-Vasquez. Additive Manufacturing: Bio-Compatible Fungal Columns. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1483487.

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de Bruijn, T. J. W., I. G. Reilly, D. MacIntyre, and D. S. Scott. Exit discontinuity in slurry bubble columns. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304365.

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Carinci, Craig A., and Grant T. Halvorsen. Tie Requirements for Prestressed Concrete Columns. Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pci.rr.comp-024.

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Georgeton, G. K., T. P. Gaughan, and G. A. Taylor. Pilot scale benzene stripping column testing: Review of test data and application to the ITP columns. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10131975.

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Walker, D. D. Modeling of Crystalline Silicotitanate Ion Exchange Columns. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/4975.

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Rahai, Hamid, and Assma Begum. Numerical Investigations of Transient Wind Shear from Passing Vehicles Near a Road Structure (Part I: Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Simulations). Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1933.

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In this research, the authors performed unsteady numerical simulations of a moving Ahmed body under a freeway overpass at different distances from the bridge columns in order to evaluate transient wind shear and the wind load on these columns. Results have shown that when the vehicle is at 0.75W distance from the bridge columns, an unsteady wind speed of up to 24 m/s is observed at the columns with a pressure coefficient difference of 0.9. Here W is the width of the vehicle. These results indicate with an appropriate system for harnessing these wind energy potentials, significant renewable electric power could be generated with zero carbon footprint.

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Kyprianou, Constantinos, Pinelopi Kyvelou, Leroy Gardner, and David A. Nethercot. NUMERICAL STUDY OF SHEATHED COLD-FORMED STEEL COLUMNS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2018.p.090.

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Selvaraj, Sivaganesh, and Mahendrakumar Madhavan. COLD-FORMED STEEL BUILT OF COLUMNS: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2018.p.168.

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