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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Column unit'
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1
Cruz, Eva Brunilda. "A Comprehensive Dynamic Model of the Column Flotation Unit Operation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30748.
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The core of this project was the development of a column flotation dynamic model that can reasonably predict the changes in the concentrations of all solid and bubble species, along the full column height. A dynamic model of a process is normally composed of a set of partial or ordinary differential equations that describe the state of the process at any given time or position inside the system volume. Such equations can be obtained from fundamental material and/or energy balances, or from phenomenological derivations based on knowledge about the behavior of the system. A phenomenological approach referred to as population balance modeling was employed here.
Initially, a two-phase model was formulated, which represents the behavior of the gas phase in a frother solution. The column was viewed as consisting of three main regions: a collection region, a stabilized froth and a draining froth. Experiments were carried out, based on conductivity techniques, for obtaining empirical data for model validation and parameter estimation. After testing the two-phase model, the equations for the solid species were derived. Consideration of the effects of bubble loading, slurry density and slurry viscosity on bubble rise velocity and, therefore, on air fraction is included in the model. Bubble coalescence in the froth is represented as a rate phenomenon characterized by a series of coalescence efficiency rate parameters. Auxiliary equations that help describe the settling of free particles, the buoyancy of air bubbles, and the processes of attachment and detachment, were also developed and incorporated into the model. The detachment of solids from the bubbles in the froth zones was attributed to coalescence, and it was assumed to be proportional to the net loss of bubble surface area.
Almost all parameters needed to solve the model equations are readily available. The set of differential equations that comprise the model can be solved numerically by applying finite difference approximation techniques. An iteration has to be performed, which involves calculating the product flowrate at steady state, modifying the tailings rate and solving the model again until a mass balance is satisfied.Ph. D.
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Callahan, Justin. "Prediction of the Performance of a Flexible Footing on a Stone-Column Modified Subgrade." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4450.
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When foundations are designed on weak clay layers, it is a common practice to modify the subgrade by installing stone columns. Currently used methods for determining the level of ground modification, represented by the percentage of soil replaced (replacement ratio), assume a rigid foundation. These analytical methods provide the designer with the potential settlement reduction based on the compressibility parameters of the subgrade and the replacement ratio. The deficiencies of these methods are the assumption of rigidity of the foundation and the consideration of the settlement reduction as the only design criterion. Furthermore, they do not consider the effects that ground modification has on differential settlement, moments, and shear forces within the slab.
In order to determine the effects of ground modification on the overall performance of a flexible foundation, a computer program was formulated which compares a multitude of design parameters of the modified subgrade to those of the unmodified subgrade to determine the impact of ground modification. By performing this investigation, correlations were found between the replacement ratio and the settlement reduction factors. Similarly, correlations were also found between the ratio of the length of the foundation to the radius of relative stiffness, and the moments and shear forces generated within the slab. The use of the findings of this thesis would allow the design to make more informed decisions when designing foundations on modified subgrade resulting in safer and more economical designs.
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Bergeot, Ghislain. "Extension du concept "One-column" au lit mobile simulé réactif : application à la séparation réactive des C8 aromatiques." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL057N/document.
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La séparation des C8 aromatiques par Lit Mobile Simulé (LMS) permet d'obtenir du paraxylène (PX) pur. Les autres composés du mélange sont recyclés dans un réacteur afin d'être isomérisés puis séparés à nouveau. La charge du LMS est composée à environ 75% par ce flux de recyclage. L'intégration de la réaction dans le LMS, réalisée en intercalant des réacteurs d'isomérisation entre les lits d'adsorbant de la zone 3 (procédé LMS Réactif, LMSR), doit permettre une réduction de ce flux de recyclage.L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer une méthodologie d'étude des procédés de type Lit Mobile Simulé (LMS) et Lit Mobile Simulé Réactif (LMSR) basée sur :-un outil expérimental simplifié : le pilote One-column réactif (OCR)-des simulateurs One-column réactif ou non qui seront validés par les résultats expérimentaux du pilote-des simulateurs LMS et LMSR permettant d'accéder aux résultats des procédés industriels.Les simulations de One-column (OC) montrent une bonne sensibilité aux paramètres clés de la séparation des C8 aromatiques (sélectivité PX/EB et diffusion intracristalline). Les résultats expérimentaux font ressortir des difficultés importantes à mettre en œuvre le OC expérimentalement. Plusieurs hypothèses sont exposées pour expliquer les résultats obtenus mais les difficultés rencontrées limitent, en l'état, l'utilisation du pilote pour l'étude de la séparation (réactive ou non) des C8 aromatiques.L'étude du LMSR effectuée par simulation montre l'importance du nombre et de l'emplacement des réacteurs ainsi que de l'intégration du LMSR dans la boucle de production de PX. L'usage du LMSR pour la production de PX permet une réduction importante du débit de recyclageToday, pure paraxylene (PX) is mainly obtained from a mix of C8 aromatics by a separation process based on adsorption: the Simulated Moving Bed (SMB). The other components of the blend are sent to an isomerisation reactor and are recycled to the SMB. 75% of the SMB feed flow rate come from this recycle flow. Coupling reaction and separation by inserting isomerisation reactors between the adsorption beds of the third zone (Simulated Moving Bed Reactor, SMBR) should allow a reduction of this recycling flow rate.The main objective of this thesis is to develop a new methodology for studying SMB and SMBR processes based on:- a simplify experimental tool : the One-column reactive (OCR) pilot unit- simulators of the OCR which will be validated by the experimental results obtain on the pilot unit- simulators of SMB and SMBR processes which give access to industrial processes results.Simulation results show that OC system seem to be sensitive to key parameters of C8 aromatics separation (PX/EB selectivity and micropore diffusivity). Results on the pilot unit highlight the difficulties to implement an experimental OC. Hypothesis are given to explain those results but, without modification, OCR pilot unit cannot be used to study xylene separation (with or without reaction).SMBR study done by simulation shows the impact of the placement and the number of reactors. Integration of SMBR in the global PX production scheme is also essential. SMBR allows an important reduction of recycling flow rate (up to 50%)
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Šmarda, Michael. "Zjednodušený úvodní projekt uzlu destilace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228156.
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The target of diploma thesis was to improve author’s theoretical and practical design knowledge of process engineering. In the diploma thesis a Simplified Basic Engineering Project of distillation unit has been developed. It was necessary to become familiar with the process technology and formal requirements of Basic Engineering Project. The most important parts of Basic Engineering Project are material and heat balances. Material and heat balances are the corner stones of distillation unit equipment design. Parameters of process equipment are presented in the form of equipment datasheets. The specification of pipelines is based on material and heat balances too. Inevitable part of Basic Engineering are Process Flow Diagram and Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (PFD & PID). Process Flow Diagram and Piping and Instrumentation Diagram include all equipment, piping and basic control loops.
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Bilko, Tomáš. "Návrh okruhu hydrostatického řízení traktoru Forterra." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231014.
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The topic of this thesis is strength check of hydrostatic steering circuit for Zetor Forterra HSX tractor. Next part of the thesis deals with steering column support structure and pedal group console design including FEM analysis, allowing installation of steering columns of different types.
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Бабенко, Володимир Миколайович. "Закономірності гідродинаміки і масообміну в процесах ректифікації суміші розчинників на новому контактному пристрої." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/22718.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.17.08 – процеси та обладнання хімічної технології. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут" Міністерства освіти і науки України, м. Харків, 2016.
Дисертацію присвячено дослідженню процесу поділу рідинних гетерогенних сумішей на регулярних контактних пристроях з різними геометричними параметрами насадочних елементів. Досліджено механізм процесу утворення рідинної плівки для колонних апаратів, що застосовуються в ректифікації у відповідності з гідродинамічними характеристиками процесу. Показано, що основним фактором інтенсифікації масообмінного процесу для регулярних контактних елементів, є швидкість відновлення рідинної плівки. Доведено що, основними факторами, які визначають ефективність процесу поділу суміші розчинників, є низький питомий опір апарату по газу і конструктивні особливості контактних елементів ректифікаційній колони. Отримано графічні та емпіричні залежності для розрахунку висоти насадочного шару, питомої поверхні насадки в залежності від лінійної швидкості газу в колонному апараті і геометричних параметрів насадочних пристроїв. Розроблено практичні рекомендації для проектування колонних установок з високими енергетичними показниками. Запропоновано новий регулярний контактний елемент, який поєднує в собі велику питому поверхню з малим гідродинамічним опором. Запропоновано принципову апаратурно-технологічну схему процесу поділу суміші розчинників, яка розроблена й впроваджена на виробництві ПАТ "ФАРМСТАНДАРТ-БІОЛІК" (м. Харків).Dissertation for the degree of candidate of engineering sciences on specialty 05.17.08 – processes and equipment of chemical technology. – National technical university "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 2016. The dissertation is dedicated to the study of the separation process of liquid heterogeneous mixtures on the regular contact devices with different geometric parameters of the packing elements. The mechanism of the liquid film formation for the column apparatuses utilized in rectification is investigated according to the hydrodynamic characteristics of the process. It is shown that the main factor in the intensification of mass transfer processes for regular contact devices is velocity recovery of the liquid film. It is proved that the main factors of the solvent mixture separation efficiency are low specific resistance of an apparatus for a gas and constructional characteristics of the contact devices of a rectification column. Graphical and empirical relationships are obtained to calculate height of the packed bed, specific surface of a nozzle, depending on the linear gas velocity in a column apparatus and geometric parameters of the packing devices. Practical recommendations for the design of column units with high energy performance are developed. A new regular contact element that combines large surface area with low hydrodynamic resistance is suggested. A process flow diagram of the solvent mixtures separation is given, which was developed and implemented in the production line of PJSC "PHARMSTANDARD-BIOLIK" (Kharkiv city).
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Бабенко, Володимир Миколайович. "Закономірності гідродинаміки і масообміну в процесах ректифікації суміші розчинників на новому контактному пристрої." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/22717.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.17.08 – процеси та обладнання хімічної технології. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут" Міністерства освіти і науки України, м. Харків, 2016.
Дисертацію присвячено дослідженню процесу поділу рідинних гетерогенних сумішей на регулярних контактних пристроях з різними геометричними параметрами насадочних елементів. Досліджено механізм процесу утворення рідинної плівки для колонних апаратів, що застосовуються в ректифікації у відповідності з гідродинамічними характеристиками процесу. Показано, що основним фактором інтенсифікації масообмінного процесу для регулярних контактних елементів, є швидкість відновлення рідинної плівки. Доведено що, основними факторами, які визначають ефективність процесу поділу суміші розчинників, є низький питомий опір апарату по газу і конструктивні особливості контактних елементів ректифікаційній колони. Отримано графічні та емпіричні залежності для розрахунку висоти насадочного шару, питомої поверхні насадки в залежності від лінійної швидкості газу в колонному апараті і геометричних параметрів насадочних пристроїв. Розроблено практичні рекомендації для проектування колонних установок з високими енергетичними показниками. Запропоновано новий регулярний контактний елемент, який поєднує в собі велику питому поверхню з малим гідродинамічним опором. Запропоновано принципову апаратурно-технологічну схему процесу поділу суміші розчинників, яка розроблена й впроваджена на виробництві ПАТ "ФАРМСТАНДАРТ-БІОЛІК" (м. Харків).Dissertation for the degree of candidate of engineering sciences on specialty 05.17.08 – processes and equipment of chemical technology. – National technical university "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 2016. The dissertation is dedicated to the study of the separation process of liquid heterogeneous mixtures on the regular contact devices with different geometric parameters of the packing elements. The mechanism of the liquid film formation for the column apparatuses utilized in rectification is investigated according to the hydrodynamic characteristics of the process. It is shown that the main factor in the intensification of mass transfer processes for regular contact devices is velocity recovery of the liquid film. It is proved that the main factors of the solvent mixture separation efficiency are low specific resistance of an apparatus for a gas and constructional characteristics of the contact devices of a rectification column. Graphical and empirical relationships are obtained to calculate height of the packed bed, specific surface of a nozzle, depending on the linear gas velocity in a column apparatus and geometric parameters of the packing devices. Practical recommendations for the design of column units with high energy performance are developed. A new regular contact element that combines large surface area with low hydrodynamic resistance is suggested. A process flow diagram of the solvent mixtures separation is given, which was developed and implemented in the production line of PJSC "PHARMSTANDARD-BIOLIK" (Kharkiv city).
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Dong, Chunxiao, and 董春宵. "Uni-axial behaviour of concrete-filled-steel-tubular columns with external confinement." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/195975.
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This thesis studies the uni-axial behaviour of circular double-skinned concrete-filled-steel-tubular (CFST) columns with external confinement in form of external steel rings. Particular attention is paid to the experimental behaviour of double-skinned CFST columns and theoretical model for evaluating the loadcarrying capacity of un- and ring-confined double-skinned CFST columns.
Experimental studies on circular double-skinned CFST columns with various spacing of confinement, concrete strength and hollow ratio were conducted and discussed comprehensively. The mechanical properties of double-skinned CFST columns such as elastic stiffness, elastic strength, load-carrying capacity and ductility are presented. From the result, it is found that the elastic stiffness, elastic strength, load-carrying capacity and ductility are enhanced by installing the external steel rings to the outer tube as external confinement. To verify the effectiveness of external steel rings, the Poisson’s ratios of the double-skinned CFST columns are listed and found to be similar to that of concrete so that a perfect bonding is maintained. To emphasis the excellent performance of double-skinned CFST columns with external rings under uni-axial compression, the load-carrying capacity, elastic strength and elastic stiffness are compared to those of single-skinned CFST columns and reinforced concrete columns.
To fill up the gap that no design model is provided in Eurocode 4 (EC4) for confined double-skinned CFST columns, a theoretical model based on the force equilibrium condition is proposed for evaluating the load-carrying capacity of both un- and ring-confined double-skinned CFST columns. The model takes into account the composite action between the steel tubes and core concrete. To verify the proposed model, numerous test results obtained by the author and other researchers are used for comparing the theoretical results.
According to the above theoretical model above, a parametric study is carried out to investigate the effect of various geometry and material properties on the load-carrying capacity of double-skinned CFST columns. The confining pressure is expressed in terms of geometry and material factors. A simplified design formula is proposed to facilitate the preliminary design of double-skinned CFST columns with and without external confinement.published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Luo, Lie, and 罗冽. "Uni-axial behavior of normal-strength concrete filled steel tubular columns with external confinement." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49618210.
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This thesis proposes two forms of external confinement for concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns. The confinement efficiency is studied by examining the axial strength enhancement and ductility improvement of the CFST columns with external confinement.
Due to the heavy demand of confining steel to restore the column ductility in seismic regions, it is more efficient to confine these columns by hollow steel tube to form CFST column. Compared with transverse reinforcing steel, steel tube provides a stronger and more uniform confining pressure to the concrete core, and reduces the steel congestion problem for better concrete placing quality. The CFST columns are therefore characterised by higher strength, ductility and large energy absorption before failure.
However, a major shortcoming of CFST columns is the imperfect steelconcrete interface bonding occurred at the elastic stage as steel dilates more than concrete in compression. This adversely affects the confining effect and decreases the elastic modulus. To resolve the problem, it is proposed in this thesis to use external steel confinement in the forms of rings and ties to restrict the dilation of steel tube. For verification, a series of uni-axial compression test was performed on some CFST columns with external steel rings and ties. From the results, it was found that the external steel rings could improve both the axial strength and stiffness of the CFST columns significantly. However, the steel ties could not improve either the axial strength or elastic stiffness significantly. The confining efficiency was then investigated by comparing the strength of these confined-CFST columns with the reinforced concrete (RC) columns counterparts with the same concrete and steel volume. It is evident that the axial strength of CFST columns is much higher than the RC columns, which suggests that the application of CFST columns can utilise less construction materials and reduce the demolition waste.
A theoretical model is also proposed for predicting the axial strength of ring-confined CFST columns. Comparison between the predicted results and the test results obtained by the author and other researchers shows that the proposed model gives good estimation for both unconfined and confined CFST columns.published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Falcón, Cisneros Javier Antonio. "Simulación por elementos finitos y validación de un modelo virtual de la columna lumbar humana." Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2008. http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/uni/2008/falcon_cj/html/index-frames.html.
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Cisneros, Huerta Carlos Eduardo. "Simulación de fraccionamiento del “Médium distillate for blending stock” (MDBS) en la columna D-305 de refinería Conchán." Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2011. http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/uni/2011/cisneros_hc/html/index-frames.html.
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El uso de simuladores de procesos a nivel mundial es muy utilizado en diversas áreas como estudios de pre-factibilidad, diseño y optimización de procesos debido a la gran aproximación a la realidad. Este proyecto tiene por finalidad el fraccionamiento del Medium Distillate for Blending Stock (MDBS) a fin de obtener Turbo A-1 y Diesel, utilizando un Simulador de Procesos y tomando como base el procesamiento de MDBS en la Refinería Conchán, como un alternativa para obtener mayores ingresos por ventas de combustibles ya que actualmente el MDBS se deriva hacia el sistema de blending, una parte utilizada para la obtención de Diesel con menos de 50 ppm de azufre y la otra para la obtención de Diesel con menos de 2500 ppm de azufre. La simulación utiliza como equipo principal la columna D-305 (ex-Planta Solventes de Talara), además de implementar un sistema de precalentamiento con intercambiadores de calor de casco y tubos y un horno para alcanzar la temperatura necesaria de ingreso a la columna, asimismo, se incluyen otros equipos. Se evalúa las diferentes condiciones de operación con la simulación para obtener una adecuada capacidad de procesamiento de acuerdo a las condiciones actuales de la columna D-305, así como también establecer el número y espaciamiento de platos de la columna y los platos de extracción de los productos. De acuerdo a la simulación se obtendrían datos como: • Los platos de extracción de los productos. • Capacidad de Procesamiento de la columna. • Probabilidad de adicionar reflujos externos y strippers. • Probabilidad de inyección de vapor. • Las calidades de los productos obtenidos. La actual demanda creciente de Turbo A-1 y las legislaciones actuales con respecto a la comercialización de Diesel B5 (Decretos Supremos N° 061-2009-EM y N° 092-2009-EM) hacen que el objetivo principal sea obtener Turbo A-1 además de producir Diesel de bajo azufre. La calidad de los productos obtenidos es verificada con el mismo simulador y, además, se realiza una validación del procesamiento del MDBS llevado a cabo en la Refinería Conchán introduciendo los datos reales en el software.
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Chuquivilca, López Raúl. "Diseño de columnas de un horno cilíndrico vertical para una refinería de petróleo." Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2010. http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/uni/2010/chuquivilca_lr/html/index-frames.html.
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El presente trabajo de investigación titulado "Diseño de Columnas de un Horno Cilíndrico Vertical para una Refinería de Petróleo", ha sido desarrollado con la finalidad de aportar a la ingeniería peruana temas no muy desarrollados en el campo del diseño de ingeniería de estructuras, si bien es cierto existen muchos diseños realizados por ingeniería nacional, no se tiene mucha información acerca del diseño de Hornos Cilíndricos Verticales como equipo crítico en una refinería de petróleo; esta información es muy desarrollada por casas de ingeniería foránea que por terna de patente no son alcanzables, para el desarrollo de esta tesis fue necesaria la recopilación de información de refinerías similares a la analizada y realizar las pruebas finales a través del diseño asistido por computadora (CAD). Esta tesis lo desarrollaremos en los siguientes capítulos: En el capitulo 1, se muestra el panorama y escenario de realizar un cambio de horno cilíndrico vertical debido a las condiciones mostradas por uno instalado el cual terminó su vida útil, mostrando así los puntos críticos del sistema estructural del nuevo horno y el diseño crítico de las columnas tipo W que serán los soportes de toda la estructura. En el capítulo 2, mostramos las diversos tipos, clasificaciones de hornos usados en la industria petrolera vemos también los tipos de soportes estructural es utilizados, así como de sus principales aplicaciones, también, veremos los indicadores financieros, necesarios para la evaluar la rentabilidad del proyecto. En el capítulo 3, explicamos la metodología a utilizar para el planteamiento y diseño de la estructura, también mencionamos las normas y códigos utilizados para el diseño y fabricación más adecuado. En el capítulo 4 realizamos la evaluación económica lomando dos escenario, el primero es desarrollar la ingeniería "Llave en mano" que consiste en elaborar de forma integra el proyecto a través de una casa de ingeniería especializada y el segundo escenario, es realizar una evaluación económica y analizar las posibilidades de realizar el proyecto localmente. Vistos los dos escenarios se toma la segunda opción, porque es adecuado al presupuesto interno, además, el periodo de recuperación de la inversión es de 2,6 años y la rentabilidad del proyecto es aceptable. En el capitulo 5, mostramos los cálculos matemáticos para el diseño de las columnas-soportes del sistema, así como la comprobación mecánica de nuestro diseño con la ayuda del software SolidWorks Simulations, teniendo como parámetros de medición el esfuerzo máximo de Von Mises y el factor de seguridad mínimo del sistema, dichos resultados serán observados a través de un diagrama de colores que serán los indicativos de las zonas criticas, mostraremos el resumen de los resultados obtenidos, analizando las respuestas obtenidas después de hacer el ensayo con la ayuda del software de diseño mecánico.
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Gastelo, Marín Edth Marleni. "Evaluación técnica de la operación de una columna de destilación al vacío para determinar el ensuciamiento en la zona de lavado y las consecuencias en el fraccionamiento." Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2011. http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/uni/2011/gastelo_me/html/index-frames.html.
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Ba, Souleymane. "Colson Whitehead : vers une esthétique postraciale?" Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30077/document.
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Cette thèse est une monographie de l'œuvre romanesque de Colson Whitehead (1969– ) replacée dans la perspective de la tradition littéraire noire américaine. Elle pose une question d'ordre esthétique et politique : Whitehead est-il un écrivain postracial ? Dans The Intuitionist (1999), la rivalité entre les personnages noirs et le jeu de masques mettent à mal une politique identitaire qui repose sur la race. La déconstruction du discours mythique qui célèbre le sacrifice d'un travailleur acharné désacralise le héros noir de John Henry Days (2001). Apex Hides the Hurt (2006) offre une réflexion sur le langage, son rapport au pouvoir et à l'appartenance raciale. La deuxième partie explore le paradoxe de l'identité « postblack » face aux stéréotypes raciaux dans Sag Harbor (2009). Enfin, la dernière partie signale un effort de redéfinition de l'humain dans Zone One (2011) où l'invasion des zombies permet de transcender la construction binaire Noir/Blanc dans un monde post-apocalyptique. L'analyse s'appuie sur la critique postmoderne car la notion de « race » et le racisme y sont abordés à travers l'ironie d'un texte qui met en scène et joue avec l'idée d'une société américaine postracialeThis dissertation is a monograph on Colson Whitehead's fiction and nonfiction from the perspective African American literary tradition. It raises an aesthetic and political question: is Whitehead a postracial writer? In The Intuitionist (1999), the rivalry between black characters and the game of camouflage undermine racial identity politics. The deconstruction of the myth celebrating the sacrifice of a relentless worker desacralizes the black hero of John Henry Days (2001). Apex Hides the Hurt (2006) offers a reflection on language, its relationship to power and racial belonging. The second part explores the paradox of a “postblack” identity with regards to racial stereotypes in Sag Harbor (2009). Finally, the last part signals an effort to redefine the human in Zone One (2011) where an invasion of zombies enables the transcendence of the Black/White binary construct in a post-apocalyptic world. The analysis relies on postmodern criticism since the notion of “race” and racism are addressed through the irony of a text that dramatizes and plays with the idea of a postracial American society
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Patel, Dhara Yogendra. "Reflection." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32832.
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â Reflectionâ is an experiment with what I call â symbolic architectureâ i.e. design where the features of the building have a profound meaning or a strong recall to some familiar aspect in our lives.
It is a meditation center designed to rejuvenate visitors by providing an ideal environment to practice and teach meditation.
The design is inspired by concepts of Hindu philosophy and each element of the building, the light, the materials, the water and the structure is likened to an element of the spiritual being that helps a meditator achieve a connection between the body and the soul.Master of Architecture
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Anderson, Alvin D. "Geology of the Phil Pico Mountain Quadrangle, Daggett County, Utah, and Sweetwater County, Wyoming." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2384.pdf.
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Muzeau, Jean-Pierre. "Modele de l'influence d'imperfections sur la securite des structures metalliques en comportement non lineaire : comparaison de reglements internationaux." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2E378.
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Developpement d'un modele elasto-plastique geometriquement non lineaire, permettant d'evaluer les efforts internes et les deplacements d'une structure aussi pour les grandes deformations (rotules plastiques, instabilite). Comparaison de l'influence sur un indice conventionnel de la securite de divers types d'imperfections, avec application au cas d'un poteau bi-articule susceptible de flamber et au cas d'un portique a deux etages; etude de l'homogeneite des regles europeennes, britanniques et francaises en particulier, canadiennes et americaines
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Dudret, Stéphane. "Modèles de convection-diffusion pour les colonnes de distillation : application à l'estimation et au contrôle des procédés de séparation cryogéniques des gaz de l'air." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00874677.
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Cette thèse porte sur la modélisation, pour le contrôle, des profils de compositions dans les colonnes de distillation cryogénique. Nous obtenons un modèle non-linéaire de convection-diffusion par réduction d'un modèle d'équations-bilans singulièrement perturbé. Du point de vue de l'automatique, nous nous intéressons à la stabilité des profils de compositions résultants, ainsi qu'à leur observabilité. Du point de vue du procédé, la nouvauté de notre modèle réside dans la prise en compte d'une efficacité de garnissage dépendant des conditions d'opération de la colonne. Le modèle est validé par des comparaisons avec des données de fonctionnement dynamique issues d'une unité de séparation réelle, pour la séparation d'un mélange binaire. Sur le cas plus complexe d'une cascade de colonnes séparant un mélange ternaire, le modèle montre une grande sensibilité aux erreurs d'estimation des taux de reflux. Des résultats adaptés du champ de la chromatographie nous permettent de relier cette sensibilité à des erreurs d'estimation des vitesses d'ondes de compositions cohérentes. En parallèle, nous proposons et testons également un modèle de fonctions de transfert simple (fondé sur des gains statiques et des retards purs uniquement) pour les petites dynamiques de compositions, qui dépend explicitement de valeurs mesurables ou observables sur le procédé
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Lorenc, Jakub. "Obchodní galerie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409839.
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The subject of this diploma thesis is the design and assessment of main load-bearing elements od the steel structure of shopping gallery in Hodonín. Part of floor plan is rectangular and rest of it is half-circled. Object's dimensions are 7é m x 147,75 m (and roof overhang 1,5 m on each side), the height of the ridge is 13,43 m and the height of the roof's dome is 22,70 m. It's a two-storey building. The load-bearing structure consist of pin-suported columns, in this case there is max. 8,5 m distance between them in direction of main frame. The distance between main frames is 9 m. The spatial rigidity of the structure is ensured with floor slabs and system of bracings. The cladding consists of sandwich panels, roof's fanlights and dome of glazed areas. Most of elements are made of S355 steel.
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Selník, Petr. "Stavebně technologický projekt dvoulodní haly ve Fulneku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226507.
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The subject of this diploma thesis are chosen parts of building technological project of pursuance of the factory building Massag in Fulnek based on the metal bearing structure. This diploma thesis contents study of realization of main technological process of the hall, financial and time plan of building, project of construction site installation, budget of the construction, time planning of works, inspection and test plan, the project of safety and protection of health at work, technological regulation of building metal bearing structure.
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Balestri, Roberto. "Intelligenza artificiale e industrie culturali storia, tecnologie e potenzialità dell’ia nella produzione cinematografica." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/25176/.
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Negli ultimi anni stiamo assistendo, in svariati campi, a un sempre più vasto utilizzo di tecnologie che utilizzano quella che viene comunemente chiamata “intelligenza artificiale”. Anche il settore audiovisivo, da sempre recettore di novità e incline a evolversi continuamente, sta già vivendo quei processi che lo porteranno a essere rivoluzionato da questo tipo di tecnologie.
In un periodo di frenetico progresso scientifico è difficile riuscire a fissare nel tempo e su carta lo stato attuale dello sviluppo tecnologico, dato che ciò che oggi viene considerato come novità domani potrebbe già essere stato superato.
È necessario, quindi, uno strumento che riesca a catalogare, se non tutte, almeno le più importanti rivoluzionarie tecnologie d’intelligenza artificiale che hanno investito il mondo della produzione artistica e delle industrie culturali. Uno studio approfondito è dedicato, in particolare, all’industria cinematografica.
Dopo una breve introduzione di carattere storico, vengono descritti i principali tipi di rete neurale artificiale e la loro evoluzione. Sono poi delineate e descritte le principali tecnologie d’IA applicate all’elaborazione, comprensione e generazione automatica o assistita d’immagine e testo. Ancora più nel dettaglio sono osservate alcune soluzioni tecnologiche che interessano le varie fasi del processo di produzione cinematografica, come la fase di scrittura e analisi della sceneggiatura, quella di editing e montaggio video, così come quelle riguardanti l’implementazione di effetti visivi e la composizione musicale.
Il testo risulta essere, da un lato, una fotografia sul passato che ha interessato lo sviluppo delle tecnologie d’IA, dall’altro uno strumento che illustra il presente così da aiutarci, se non a predire, almeno a non trovarci completamente impreparati di fronte agli sviluppi futuri che interesseranno sia la produzione audiovisiva che, in senso più ampio, la nostra vita di tutti i giorni.
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Kaymak, Devrim B. "Quantitative comparison of a reactive distillation column with a conventional multi-unit process /." Diss., 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3167059.
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Nanduri, Kalyana Srinivasa Chakravarthy. "Development of a device for measurement and control of top product composition in a distillation column." Diss., 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30441.
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The objectives of this investigation were to: • Develop a capacitance measuring device that can be used for measuring composition of ethanol-water mixtures. • Implement this measurement technique on a laboratory clistillation column for top product composition measurement and control. • Compare the results obtained in this manner with previously used inferred measurements by temperature. Experiments were conducted to calibrate the capacitance cell ie, to obtain a relation between composition of an ethanol and water mixture and the output of the capacitance cell. Open loop tests were executed on the distillation column to determine if the capacitance device had any negative influence on measurement compared to composition measurements via temperature. Top product composition control using the capacitance cell under dosed loop conditions was also tested, to observe the capacitance cell's performance. The capacitance cell gave repeatable readings during the calibration procedure. In the open loop tests, process models were obtained for control purposes and no negative influence was observed. The capacitance cell's closed loop responses were observed to be satisfactory. It was simple to construct, easy to operate and proved to be a relatively inexpensive device. In the final analysis, the capacitance cell proved to be a useful device in direct measurements of composition of binary mixtures, and offers scope for further development in its application to the control of top product composition in distillation columns of industrial scale.Dissertation (M Eng (Control Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Chemical Engineering
unrestricted
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Monteiro, Sofia da Silva Santos Rebocho. "Air Stripping Process for Organic Solvent Removal Pharmaceutical Process Unit Development." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/38338.
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Oncological protein-drug complex is being developed in TEVA, Haarlem, as well as the encompassing manufacture process engineering buildup. Due to poor solubility of the studied active pharmaceutical ingredient, organic solvent is used during compounding stage and needs to be sub sequentially removed. Its long removal duration impacts key process parameters such as nano-suspension stability and formation of undesired crystals.
The overall purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of implementing an air stripping process unit in the existing line of production which would be a breakthrough in the current process by accelerating the solvent removal. The column was tested in pilot plant scale in order to collect and analyze experimental data to determine column’s operational parameters and hydrodynamic properties as well as its efficiency and overall process time reduction by air stripping unit introduction.
Presence of protein and nano-particles was proved to have delaying effect on solvent mass transfer rate due to increased interface resistance and diffusional limitation due to nano-suspension heterogeneous model. The introduction of the column experimentally showed significant improvement in terms of overall evaporation reduction time; from 30 to about 5 hours, depending on the operating parameters and the set-up. The column was additionally designed to fit the model and could reach a theoretical value of 2 hours of stripping for a 500L solution at a maximum of 4 L/min and 30°C to avoid foam and protein denaturation respectively. The air stripping process did not de-stabilize the nano-suspension, showing constant particle size and polydispersity index.
The optimistic collected results validate the advantages of air stripping column implementation in the complex drug manufacture and suggest future work and research with column can be sustained.
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Yi, Chun-Cheng, and 易均正. "Design and Control of Systems Utilizing Distillation Columns and Liquid-Liquid Separation Units." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9s23ap.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
化學工程學研究所
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Design and control for the separation processes of two kinds of mixtures will be discussed in this thesis, including cyclohexane/cyclohexene close-boiling mixture and methanol/toluene/water ternary azeotropic mixture. These two processes are both composed of distillation columns and liquid-liquid separation units. Compared to the separation methods mentioned in the references, processes proposed in this thesis provide significant reduction in energy consumption and total annual cost. Relative volatility between cyclohexane and cyclohexene is extremely low, hence it is impractical to separate these components by the conventional distillation process. By introducing an appropriate entrainer, extractive distillation system is capable of separating these two components economically. Furthermore, energy consumption and operating cost of this system can be considerably reduced by performing heat integration. Considering the trade-off between economic and controllability, operating conditions of the system are determined by investigating the results of optimization analysis and closed-loop sensitivity test. The responses of dynamic simulations show that this system can reject disturbances in feed flowrate and feed composition effectively under devised control structure, so that product purities can be maintained nearly at their specification. Methanol, toluene and water form ternary azeotropic mixture which cannot be separated by conventional distillation process. In this thesis, a separation process composed of an extraction column and a distillation column is proposed for this task. Toluene product with high purity is firstly separated by performing solvent extraction using water as solvent. The following step is separating methanol from water by a regular distillation column and recycling most of the water for the purpose of solvent extraction. Because water itself is the component being separated, the solvent extraction process will not introduce any foreign component and hence avoid the possibility of contaminating products. This system fully utilizes the heterogeneity of components to cross the distillation boundary so there is only one distillation column needed in the whole process. Hence, energy consumption and operating cost of this process are much lower compared to that of separation method mentioned in the reference and the whole structure is simpler and more feasible. As for the dynamic control, results of open-loop and closed-loop sensitivity tests provide critical index for the design of control structure. Confirmed by the results of dynamic simulations, this system can reject disturbances in feed flowrate and feed composition effectively under devised control structure so that purities of three product streams can be maintained at their specification.
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Yang, Keun-Hyeok, Ashraf F. Ashour, and E.-T. Lee. "Axial behavior of reinforced concrete short columns strengthened with wire rope and T-shaped steel plate units." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7541.
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yesThis paper presents a relatively simple column strengthening procedure using unbonded wire rope and T-shaped steel plate units. Twelve strengthened columns and an unstrengthened control column were tested to failure under concentric axial load to explore the significance and shortcomings of the proposed strengthening technique. The main variables investigated were the volume ratio of wire ropes as well as geometrical size and configuration of T-shaped steel plates. Axial load capacity and ductility ratio of columns tested were compared with predictions obtained from the equation specified in ACI 318-05 and models developed for conventionally tied columns, respectively. The measured axial load capacities of all strengthened columns were higher than predictions obtained from ACI 318-05, indicating that the ratio of the measured and predicted values increased with the increase of volume ratio of wire ropes and flange width of T-shaped steel plates. In addition, at the same lateral reinforcement index, a much higher ductility ratio was exhibited by strengthened columns having a volume ratio of wire ropes above 0·0039 than tied columns. The ductility ratio of strengthened columns tested increased with the increase of flange width, thickness, and web height of T-shaped steel plates. A mathematical model for the prediction of stress–strain characteristics of confined concrete using the proposed strengthening technique is developed, that was in good agreement with test results.
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Yang, Keun-Hyeok, and Ashraf F. Ashour. "Tests of reinforced concrete short columns laterally strengthened with wire rope units and steel elements." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/864.
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YesThe current paper presents a simple unbonded-type column strengthening technique with wire rope units and few steel elements. Eleven short columns were strengthened using the proposed procedure and tested under monotonic concentric axial loads. The main variables investigated to evaluate the confinement effectiveness of strengthened concrete columns were the volume ratio, prestress, diameter, spacing and configuration of wire rope units. The strength gain factor and ductility ratio increased with the increase of volume ratio of wire ropes. The prestress applied to wire ropes had little influence on the strength gain factor but the ductility ratio decreased with the increase of prestress in the wire ropes, owing to earlier rupture of wire ropes. At the same volume ratio of wire ropes, the maximum strength of columns was nearly independent on the configuration of the wire ropes, but higher ductility was exhibited by columns strengthened with rectangular spiral-type wire ropes than by columns strengthened with hoop-type wire ropes, until rupture of the wire ropes. The strength gain factor and ductility ratio of strengthened columns were compared with those of tied columns tested in a previous study. The load capacity of strengthened columns was also predicted using the ACI 318-05 equation modified to reflect the load-carrying effect of steel elements. A much higher strength gain factor and ductility ratio were exhibited by strengthened columns than tied columns having the same lateral reinforcement, except for strengthened columns with wire rope spacing above 0.5 times core width. The axial load capacity of strengthened columns was higher than that of unstrengthened columns by 5¿20%, and could be reasonably predicted using the modified ACI 318-05 equation.