Academic literature on the topic 'Column unit; contact element'
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Journal articles on the topic "Column unit; contact element"
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Li, Zhi Miao, Ju Bao Liu, Min Luo, and Qiang Zhang. "Dynamic Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Study of Rotating Column in Cylinder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.453.
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Rotary slender column in cylinder is a special structure in oil engineering. It contacts with outer cylinder and interacts with its inner pipe fluid and outer annular fluid. A partitioned coupling model was founded by dispersing slender column into beam element, dividing fluid domain into some sections, dispersing fluid section into hexahedron unit and transfer method of the information of coupling interface was described. Dynamics experimental device of column-liquid interaction was built to do column rotating test with considering the displacement and force boundary conditions of rotating column and testing axial excitation force of bottom column, axial acceleration of head column, transverse displacement of columns and collision and contact forces between inner columns and outer pipeline. The maximum absolute error between experimental results and numerical results is 0.31mm and this research provides the methods of numerical simulation and experimental study.
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Wang, Bin, Peng Ju Sun, Xin Wang, and Ya Feng Xu. "Finite Element Analyze on the CFRP Steel Reinforced Concrete Filled with Steel Tube Column under Biaxial Load." Advanced Materials Research 680 (April 2013): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.680.172.
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The paper focuses on the research of mechanical behavior of the CFRP steel reinforced concrete filled with steel tube column under biaxial load. The authors make a simulated analysis mode with the general finite element analyze software, ABAQUS. By the way of unit selecting, meshing, contact setting, the mode is calculated by the ABAQUS/Standard which is used to analyze the mechanical behavior of the specimens. Based on comparing the load-displacement curves under different axial compression ratios, it can conclude that with the increasing of compression, the ultimate load reduces obviously. At the same time, the ductility coefficient also descended slowly. All the ductility coefficients of different specimens are all larger than 2, which meet the code very well. So the mechanical behavior of the column is very well.
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Savin, Sergey. "NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM-COLUMN JOINT UNDER ACCIDENTAL IMPACT." Journal of the Serbian Society for Computational Mechanics 15, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24874/jsscm.2021.15.01.10.
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The purpose of this study is to create a universal computational model of a plane-stressed joint element, which could be implemented as a special finite element of the beam-column subassembly integrated into the FEA procedure to improve its accuracy. The combination both of the finite element method and the finite difference method has been accepted to simulate the structural behavior of monolithic reinforced concrete joints of building frames. The finite difference method is used directly for analysis the stress-strain state of a 2D stressed member of a monolithic joint, and the FEM is used for preliminary obtaining the conditions on the contour of this plane stressed member. The proposed model allows considering the discrete reinforcement, as well as the disruption of the adhesion of the reinforcing bars to concrete matrix along the contact surface. For the purposes of implementing the model, an algorithm for the stress-strain state analysis of the beam-column joint is proposed. An example of calculating an experimental frame unit based on the proposed approach is considered.
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BĄK, KRZYSZTOF, JOANNA KOWALCZYK, ANNA WOLSKA, MARTA BĄK, and LUCYNA NATKANIEC-NOWAK. "Iron and silica enrichments in the middle Albian neptunian dykes from the High-Tatric Unit, Central Western Carpathians: an indication of hydrothermal activity for an extensional tectonic regime." Geological Magazine 155, no. 1 (March 3, 2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756815001132.
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AbstractStudies dealing with the response of subaqueous volcanic and hydrothermal activities to carbonate sedimentation in hemipelagic environments affected by tectonic processes are comparatively rare. Here, a microfacies record with combined chemical data from the neptunian dykes found at an intrabasinal ridge (Tatric Ridge; Carpathian domain of the Western Tethys), close to a source of alkaline volcanism with possible hydrothermal vents (Zliechov Basin), is presented. The characteristic features of the neptunian dykes, up to 20 cm thick, in the middle Albian echinoderm-foraminiferal limestones (Tatra Mountains, Inner Carpathians) are their red fillings. Microprobe and x-ray diffraction analyses show that this reddish material, partly mixed with sparitic clasts coming from the host limestone, consists mainly of hematite crystals which are associated with low crystalline silica and quartz. The microfacies data suggest that the reddish infillings of the dykes is partly related to dissolution processes inside the fissures that could have taken place during the transport of FeCl3 fluids together with silica gel. The fluids could have been derived from hydrothermal vents occurring along the extensional faults in the neighbouring Zliechov Basin. Rare Earth element (REE) signatures of the reddish infill (i.e. low values of total REE content, chondrite- and Post-Archean Australian Shale-normalized REE + Y patterns with negative Ce anomaly) and a high Y/Ho ratio suggest authigenic removal of REEs from the water column. This suggests that the fissures were open to the sea bottom and were in contact with sea water during their filling.
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Borushchak, L. O., and B. B. Vynnychuk. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE CONSTRUCTION AND COMPUTER DEVICE INVESTIGATION FOR THE PROCESSING OF BLOWOUT-PREVENTION HARDWARE EQUIPMENT." Scientific Bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, no. 1(46) (June 26, 2019): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9965-2019-1(46)-16-24.
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The research deals with the problem of blowout equipment test for tightness before implementation. The indicated equipment includes a stem, a system of pipelines with valves and a control system. The classic test procedure requires a mobile pumping installation that provides a pressure of 35 MPa.The cost of such tests is rather high. For testing without a pump unit, a design of a device for increased tightness has been developed, including a sealing unit of the mouth from the main column and a piston unit for creating high pressure in the test volume. Generation of a high pressure occurs by lifting the piston with a winch, mounted on the well. Disadvantages of the previously proposed design of the device are as follows. There is a considerable friction between the steel moving parts of the sealing unit. Mostly these are the pairs of a plug and a cup, and a chuck and a cone. Tightness is provided by rubber ring sleeves. Exceedence of axial load on cones causes destruction of sealing rings. The authors of the article improved the design of the sealing unit in the following way: a ball thrust bearing was seated between the ends of the pressure plug and the bottom cup and as a result the sliding friction was replaced with sliding friction. On the outer surfaces of the opening cones in contact with clamping blades, it is proposed to paste a tissue antifriction material of type Nafthlene or equivalent. The friction coefficient in such pairs is next lower order than in steel to steel pairs. The computer model of the device has been created in the Solid Works environment. The computer researches of the loading process of components of the sealing unit in the simulation program based on the finite element method were performed. As a result of the research, recommended values of the axial force, required to create a screw pair of a stem and a plug for sufficient radial axial deformation of elastic cuffs with the simultaneous non-admission of their destruction were identified. Also, the design dimensions of the pressure cups of the device were optimized, namely, the mutual axial placement of the end face, which presses on the cone, and the tapered belt, compressing the sealing ring. The determination of these parameters by an experiment is a long and expensive process.
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Bonhomme, M., F. Rogalla, G. Boisseau, and J. Sibony. "Enhancing Nitrogen Removal in Activated Sludge with Fixed Biomass." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1990): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0142.
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To upgrade existing activated sludge treatment plants, different techniques that would remove an important flux of nitrogen rapidly on a great number of units were investigated. Nitrification with conventional activated sludge systems requires considerable multiplication of tankage volume. The necessary investment and space is not always available, especially since many older plants are now in urbanized areas. To lower the nitrogen load in receiving water, the first priority should be to obtain partial nitrogen removal with existing plants, using methods that are simple to adapt.Three techniques were tested on large scale: submerged elements in aeration basin to add fixed biomass, contact stabilisation that allows a higher sludge age in the same tankage volume, and adding submerged biotower packings as a tertiary aeration stage. In a full scale unit (4000 m3/d), one complete section of the plant fitted with biofilter packing was operated in parallel with a similar unmodified section as reference. The volume occupied by the fixed beds was varied between 20 and 40 % of the tank. The submerged elements improved removal efficiency, to maintain effluent quality at higher loadings or obtain lower residual pollution values in existing plants. The biofilm evolution and the hydraulic behaviour of the packing was followed. No significant change in sludge settleability was observed, but fixed biomass addition reduced sludge production because of a lower overall mass loading. The resulting higher sludge age allowed the ammonia oxidizers to remain in the mixed population beyond usual F/M limits, but no installation of nitrifiers on the support media could be observed. To verify the limits of immersed plastic surfaces for nitrification, an aerated column was fed with effluent of a highly loaded activated sludge plant. In opposition to carriers submerged in mixed liquor, nitrifier attachment was obtained, and COD and SS removal for effluent polishing was achieved. With a carbon loading exceeding 1,5 kg COD/m3 d, a maximum oxidation rate of 0,4 kg N-NH4/m3 d could be obtained. A pilot unit was tested to assess the potential volume reduction for nitrogen elimination by contact stabilisation. This configuration stores the highly concentrated return sludge in a reaeration basin, and keeping only the minimum detention time in the contact basin to obtain nitrification. Also, an increased carbon load in the contact basin enhances denitrification. For urban wastewaters with a COD/N ratio of about 10, complete oxidation and partial removal of nitrogen were obtained with a volume loading of 1,5 kg COD/m3 d. Nitrogen removal rates of 0,15 kg N/m3 d were measured both in the anoxic and the aerobic part of the contact basin. The contact stabilisation mode was then tested on full scale combined with submerged biomass carriers. A consistant nitrogen elimination of 50 % was obtained with aeration detention times of about 4 hours.
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Brinkman, F. P., T. V. Kane, R. R. McCullough, and J. W. Miertschin. "Use of Full-Field Simulation to Design a Miscible CO2 Flood." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 2, no. 03 (June 1, 1999): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/56882-pa.
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Summary A study using full-field reservoir modeling optimized the design of a miscible CO2 flood project for the Sharon Ridge Canyon Unit. The study began with extensive data gathering in the field and building a full-field three-dimensional geologic model. A full-field simulation model with relatively coarse gridding was subsequently built and used to history match the waterflood. This waterflood model highlighted areas in the field with current high oil saturations as priority targets for CO2 flooding and generated a forecast of reserves from continued waterflooding. Predictions for the CO2 flood used an in-house four-component simulator (stock tank oil, solution gas, water, CO2. A full-field CO2 model with more finely gridded patterns was built using oil saturations and pressures at the end of history in the waterflood model. The CO2 model identified the best patterns for CO2 flooding and was instrumental in selecting a strategy for sizing the initial flood area and in determining the size, location, and timing of future expansions of the CO2 flood. Introduction The Sharon Ridge Canyon Unit (SRCU) is located in West Texas, about 70 miles northeast of the city of Midland. The Unit covers 13,712 acres. Fig. 1 shows the Horseshoe Atoll, a trend of more than 40 oil fields covering several West Texas counties. SRCU is geologically continuous with the Diamond M Unit and the giant Kelly-Snyder Field (SACROC Unit) to the northeast. Production is from the Canyon Reef formation, a thick carbonate buildup of late Pennsylvanian Canyon and Cisco age, and occurs at an average depth of 6600 feet. There are active CO2 floods in this formation at SACROC, Reinecke, and the Salt Creek field. Sharon Ridge was discovered in 1949 and developed on 40 acre spacing by 1953 with about 340 wells. The reservoir initially contained undersaturated oil at 3135 psi. Production was by expansion drive until 1952 when pressure fell below the bubble point of 1850 psi over most of the field. In 1955, the field was unitized and a peripheral waterflood was started to stabilize reservoir pressure. The waterflood is now at a mature stage with oil recovery approaching 50% of the original oil-in-place (OOIP). There has been limited infill drilling with 22 wells drilled at 20-acre spacing. Screening studies identified SRCU as a good candidate for a miscible CO2 flood project. These studies included core flood displacements, pattern element simulation models, and detailed evaluations of similar fields with CO2 floods. Laboratory core displacements showed a remaining oil to waterflood of over 40% with subsequent injection of CO2 reducing oil saturation to less than 10%. Simulations with small element models have also shown significant incremental oil recovery from injection of CO2 at SRCU. SRCU has reservoir properties similar to SACROC which has reported significant additional oil recovery from miscible CO2 flooding (Ref. 1). The goal of full-field modeling was to design a miscible CO2 flood with maximum economic potential. Key issues for project design include the amount and location of remaining oil, reservoir sweep efficiency, flood rate, gas injection volume, strategy for handling increased produced gas, and projection of continued secondary operations. To address these issues, we built three different full-field three-dimensional (3D) models: geologic model, coarse-grid waterflood model, and fine-grid CO2 flood model. Recent advances in computer technology made this approach possible as opposed to the prior approach of running type-element models and scaling up those results to field rates. The approach of using field-scale simulation models to study optimizations for another CO2 flood in West Texas has been reported in Ref. 2. Thus, advancing technology and prior experience led us to embark on this ambitious approach to use full-field modeling to design our CO2 flood. Geologic Modeling Geology. The reservoir is a thick carbonate buildup that is predominately limestone. Fig. 2 shows the structure on the top of the reservoir. Geographic areas of the field have been named: North End, South End, and Southeast Pinnacle. The topography is extremely variable, with the hydrocarbon column averaging 115 feet and ranging to a maximum of 450 feet in the South End area of the field. A large portion of the North End has over 90 feet of gross reservoir thickness above the original oil-water contact. Table 1 is a summary of reservoir rock and fluid properties. The reservoir has been subdivided into five depositional sequences or zones, four of which are shown in Fig. 3. The lower zones (4, 5) are found over almost the entire field while upper zones (1, 2, 3) are more areally restricted. Zones are usually separated by intervals of low porosity limestone with few shales in the reservoir. Most wells drilled during initial field development did not penetrate the entire reservoir, thus limiting description of the lower zones. A more detailed discussion of the geologic setting and depositional facies is available in Ref. 3. Model Design. Building a full-field 3D geologic model of SRCU presented several unique challenges, including having modern porosity logs on only a few wells and only 90 full penetrations of the reservoir. To address this problem of limited data, an extensive data acquisition program was implemented. This program included deepening 19 wells, coring 11 wells, and obtaining 49 miles of new two-dimensional (2D) seismic lines. After gathering these data, all new and old core, well log, and seismic data were integrated to develop a sequence stratigraphic reservoir framework.
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Sorokin, V. V. "Calculation of Start-Up Time of Passive Catalytic Hydrogen Recombiner of Localization Safety System of a Nuclear Power Plant Equipped with VVER." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 65, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2022-65-1-67-75.
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The hydrogen removal system ensures hydrogen safety. At a VVER nuclear power plant, it consists of passive catalytic hydrogen recombiners. The calculation of devices is of great importance for safety justification, since the complex conditions of an accident at a power unit are not reproducible in experiments. The recombiner consists of a casing and a cassette with catalytic elements, the design of which ensures the passage of a gaseous medium through the device. Upon contact with the catalyst, a chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen compounds occurs, accompanied by the release of heat; as a result, the concentration of hydrogen under the shell decreases. The problem is starting from a cold state since the activity of the cold catalyst is low, and the thrust is not observed until the catalyst is heated and a column of warm gas is formed inside the device. The transition from the cold state to the working state takes a certain time, during which the recombiner performance is below nominal. The start-up time is a parameter that is important in terms of safety. The article calculates the start-up time of a hydrogen recombiner with a catalytic block in the form of equidistant parallel catalytic plates. Local cross-sectional averages and transmission coefficients are used, the latter taking into account the influence of free convection and chemical reaction. The gas velocity is determined by the balance of buoyant and resistance forces. The calculated data and the data known from the scientific and technical literature coincide satisfactorily. As a conservative estimate of the start-up time of the recombiner, it is recommended to use the value of 300 s. An increase in temperature practically does not affect the start of the recombiner with an active catalyst, an increase in the concentration of hydrogen accelerates the start, and a decrease in pressure slows it down. The results obtained in the study can be used in the justification of the safety of VVER nuclear power plants and the examination of reports on the justification of the safety of power units.
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Bouboulas, Athanasios, and Nikolaos Anifantis. "Three-dimensional finite element modeling for post-buckling analysis of cracked columns." International Journal of Structural Integrity 7, no. 3 (June 13, 2016): 397–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-01-2015-0003.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of crack surfaces contact on the post-buckling behavior of a slender column with a non-propagating crack. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper a 3D finite element model has been implemented to study the post-buckling behavior of a slender column with a non-propagating crack. According to this model, the column is discretized into three-dimensional solid elements. Contact conditions are considered between the crack surfaces. The non-linear equations for this model are solved using an incremental-iterative procedure, and the equilibrium path of the cracked column is extracted. Findings – Load-displacement curves are presented for a cantilever column with a transverse surface crack of either uniform or non-uniform depth across the column cross-section. For both crack shapes, the load-displacement curves are presented for various values of crack depth and position. The results of this study are in good agreement with the results available in the literature. Comparisons with the results of the always-open crack were performed. The post-buckling behavior of a column with a uniform depth crack is more sensitive to variations in crack depth and position than the post-buckling behavior of a column with a non-uniform depth crack. Originality/value – A 3D finite element approach for the post-buckling behavior of a transversely cracked column including contact between crack surfaces.
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Wan, Jia, Qing Fang Niu, Guan Feng Qiao, and Tie Ying Li. "Finite Element Analysis of Chinese Traditional Hall-Style Timber Structure." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 1201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.1201.
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This paper uses general finite element software Abaqus to simulate three Chinese traditional hall-style structures recorded in the book <<Yingzao Fashi>>. With Abaqus having an advantage in dealing with contact problems, three hall-style timber structure finite element analysis models have been established within the 3D solid element which is used to model beams, columns, brackets and other structural members in the modeling. Contact pairs also have been used to simulate the interaction between the structure members like beam-column contact pair, column-foot foundation contact pair and dougong-bracket beam contact pair and so on. In the modeling process, some simplifying assumptions have been used for many complex structural members and interactions between them being used in Chinese hall-style structure. The model was finally tested by gravity load and vertical load.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Column unit; contact element"
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Бабенко, Володимир Миколайович. "Закономірності гідродинаміки і масообміну в процесах ректифікації суміші розчинників на новому контактному пристрої." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/22718.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.17.08 – процеси та обладнання хімічної технології. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут" Міністерства освіти і науки України, м. Харків, 2016.
Дисертацію присвячено дослідженню процесу поділу рідинних гетерогенних сумішей на регулярних контактних пристроях з різними геометричними параметрами насадочних елементів. Досліджено механізм процесу утворення рідинної плівки для колонних апаратів, що застосовуються в ректифікації у відповідності з гідродинамічними характеристиками процесу. Показано, що основним фактором інтенсифікації масообмінного процесу для регулярних контактних елементів, є швидкість відновлення рідинної плівки. Доведено що, основними факторами, які визначають ефективність процесу поділу суміші розчинників, є низький питомий опір апарату по газу і конструктивні особливості контактних елементів ректифікаційній колони. Отримано графічні та емпіричні залежності для розрахунку висоти насадочного шару, питомої поверхні насадки в залежності від лінійної швидкості газу в колонному апараті і геометричних параметрів насадочних пристроїв. Розроблено практичні рекомендації для проектування колонних установок з високими енергетичними показниками. Запропоновано новий регулярний контактний елемент, який поєднує в собі велику питому поверхню з малим гідродинамічним опором. Запропоновано принципову апаратурно-технологічну схему процесу поділу суміші розчинників, яка розроблена й впроваджена на виробництві ПАТ "ФАРМСТАНДАРТ-БІОЛІК" (м. Харків).Dissertation for the degree of candidate of engineering sciences on specialty 05.17.08 – processes and equipment of chemical technology. – National technical university "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 2016. The dissertation is dedicated to the study of the separation process of liquid heterogeneous mixtures on the regular contact devices with different geometric parameters of the packing elements. The mechanism of the liquid film formation for the column apparatuses utilized in rectification is investigated according to the hydrodynamic characteristics of the process. It is shown that the main factor in the intensification of mass transfer processes for regular contact devices is velocity recovery of the liquid film. It is proved that the main factors of the solvent mixture separation efficiency are low specific resistance of an apparatus for a gas and constructional characteristics of the contact devices of a rectification column. Graphical and empirical relationships are obtained to calculate height of the packed bed, specific surface of a nozzle, depending on the linear gas velocity in a column apparatus and geometric parameters of the packing devices. Practical recommendations for the design of column units with high energy performance are developed. A new regular contact element that combines large surface area with low hydrodynamic resistance is suggested. A process flow diagram of the solvent mixtures separation is given, which was developed and implemented in the production line of PJSC "PHARMSTANDARD-BIOLIK" (Kharkiv city).
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Бабенко, Володимир Миколайович. "Закономірності гідродинаміки і масообміну в процесах ректифікації суміші розчинників на новому контактному пристрої." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/22717.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.17.08 – процеси та обладнання хімічної технології. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут" Міністерства освіти і науки України, м. Харків, 2016.
Дисертацію присвячено дослідженню процесу поділу рідинних гетерогенних сумішей на регулярних контактних пристроях з різними геометричними параметрами насадочних елементів. Досліджено механізм процесу утворення рідинної плівки для колонних апаратів, що застосовуються в ректифікації у відповідності з гідродинамічними характеристиками процесу. Показано, що основним фактором інтенсифікації масообмінного процесу для регулярних контактних елементів, є швидкість відновлення рідинної плівки. Доведено що, основними факторами, які визначають ефективність процесу поділу суміші розчинників, є низький питомий опір апарату по газу і конструктивні особливості контактних елементів ректифікаційній колони. Отримано графічні та емпіричні залежності для розрахунку висоти насадочного шару, питомої поверхні насадки в залежності від лінійної швидкості газу в колонному апараті і геометричних параметрів насадочних пристроїв. Розроблено практичні рекомендації для проектування колонних установок з високими енергетичними показниками. Запропоновано новий регулярний контактний елемент, який поєднує в собі велику питому поверхню з малим гідродинамічним опором. Запропоновано принципову апаратурно-технологічну схему процесу поділу суміші розчинників, яка розроблена й впроваджена на виробництві ПАТ "ФАРМСТАНДАРТ-БІОЛІК" (м. Харків).Dissertation for the degree of candidate of engineering sciences on specialty 05.17.08 – processes and equipment of chemical technology. – National technical university "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 2016. The dissertation is dedicated to the study of the separation process of liquid heterogeneous mixtures on the regular contact devices with different geometric parameters of the packing elements. The mechanism of the liquid film formation for the column apparatuses utilized in rectification is investigated according to the hydrodynamic characteristics of the process. It is shown that the main factor in the intensification of mass transfer processes for regular contact devices is velocity recovery of the liquid film. It is proved that the main factors of the solvent mixture separation efficiency are low specific resistance of an apparatus for a gas and constructional characteristics of the contact devices of a rectification column. Graphical and empirical relationships are obtained to calculate height of the packed bed, specific surface of a nozzle, depending on the linear gas velocity in a column apparatus and geometric parameters of the packing devices. Practical recommendations for the design of column units with high energy performance are developed. A new regular contact element that combines large surface area with low hydrodynamic resistance is suggested. A process flow diagram of the solvent mixtures separation is given, which was developed and implemented in the production line of PJSC "PHARMSTANDARD-BIOLIK" (Kharkiv city).
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Sohr, Martin. "Zabezpečovací systém pro rodinný dům." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219383.
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Family house, security system, wireless communication, IQRF, RSA, central control unit, SPI, I2C, glass break sensors, motion sensors, magnetic contact sensors, graphic displey, LCD displey, microcontroler, SIM900, 24FJ256GB106, EA DOGM106, eDIPTFT43-A.
Books on the topic "Column unit; contact element"
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Bogdanovic, Jelena. The Framing of Sacred Space. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190465186.001.0001.
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The Framing of Sacred Space offers the first topical study of canopies as essential spatial and symbolic units in Byzantine-rite churches. Centrally planned columnar structures—typically comprising four columns and a roof—canopies had a critical role in the modular and additive processes of church design, from actual church furnishings in the shape of a canopy, to the church’s structural core defined by four columns and a dome. As architectonic objects of basic structural and design integrity, canopies integrate an archetypical image of architecture and provide means for an innovative understanding of the materialization of the idea of the Byzantine church and its multifocal spatial presence. The book considers both the material and conceptual framing of sacred space and explains how the canopy bridges the physical and transcendental realms. As a crucial element of church design in the Byzantine world, a world that gradually abandoned the basilica as a typical building of Roman imperial secular architecture, the canopy carried tectonic and theological meanings and, through vaulted, canopied bays and recognizable Byzantine domed churches, established organic architectural, symbolic, and sacred ties between the Old and New Covenants. In such an overarching context, the canopy becomes an architectural parti, a vital concept and dynamic design principle that carries the essence of the Byzantine church. The Framing of Sacred Space highlights significant factors in understanding canopies through specific architectural settings and the Byzantine concepts of space, thus also contributing to larger debates about the creation of sacred space and related architectural “taxonomy.”
Book chapters on the topic "Column unit; contact element"
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Bagi, Katalin. "The Contact Dynamics Method." In Computational Modeling of Masonry Structures Using the Discrete Element Method, 103–22. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0231-9.ch005.
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The Contact Dynamics method, developed still in the 1980s, was originally applied for granular assemblies because of its efficiency in simulating rapid granular flows or vibration problems of discrete systems. In the oldest models the elements were spherical and perfectly rigid, but later the application of polyhedral and deformable elements also became widespread, allowing for the reliable simulation of problems related to masonry structures. The basic unit of the analysis in Contact Dynamics is the pair of two randomly chosen elements. The essence of the method is to find the contact force vector between the two elements in such a way that during the analysed time step the elements should not overlap each other. At the considered time instant an iterative process sweeps along randomly chosen pairs over and over again, and gradually adjusts the estimated contact forces to get an improving approximation of a state that satisfies the dynamic equations of the system. The method is particularly advantageous for earthquake analysis of masonry structures.
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Ganas, George, George Karagiannakis, Aitor Eguia-Barrio, Miguel Bengoechea, Iratxe de Meatza, and Georgia Kastrinaki. "Aerosol Spray Pyrolysis Synthesis of Doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode Materials for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Batteries." In Recent Perspectives in Pyrolysis Research. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100406.
Full textAbstract:
The autonomy of next generation Electric Vehicles relies on the development of high energy density automotive batteries. LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 (spinel structure) is a promising active cathode material in terms of charge rate capability, theoretical capacity, cost and sustainability being a cobalt-free material. In the current study pristine and doped (Fe, Al, Mg) LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 particles were synthesized by an Aerosol Spray Pyrolysis pilot scale unit in a production rate of 100 gr. h−1 and were evaluated for their electrochemical activity in Half Coin Cell form. The doped particles were characterized in terms of their surface area, particle size distribution, crystallite size, morphology and ion insertion of the doping element into the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 lattice by Raman spectroscopy. The mixed oxide particles had homogeneous composition which is an inert characteristic of aerosol spray pyrolysis synthesis. The electrochemical activity of the material is attributed both to the nanoscale structure, by successful dopant ion insertion into the spinel lattice as well as to optimization of carbon and spinel particle interface contact in the microscale for increase of electrode conductivity.
Conference papers on the topic "Column unit; contact element"
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Vale, Leandro, Conor Gallagher, Marcelo Souza, and Daniel Carneiro. "Comparative Study of Drilling Riser Running/Retrieving Analysis Methodologies." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-62534.
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Abstract Drilling risers are key components in offshore oil exploration and are present in most of the well construction phases (drilling, casing, cementing and completion). Mobile offshore drilling units can operate in different sites exposed to a range of environmental loadings and water depths. Global riser analyses based on the FE (finite element) method are performed to assess the system feasibility and operating envelopes. In harsh environment and ultradeep water scenarios, the riser running/retrieving operation is one of the most critical due to top-angle limits and riser stress as a result of either contact with the inside of the diverter housing/substructures or loading at the gimbal-spider (API-RP-16Q [1], ISO 13624-1 [2]). The use of beam-column elements is satisfactory for modelling the riser global response, however it may lead to result uncertainty in terms of local response associated with complex geometry, over-stress, stress concentration and contact modelling (DNV-ST-F201 [3], DNVGL-RP-F203 [4], ISO 13628-7 [5]). The objective of this paper is to compare riser analysis results from a global and a local FE analysis. This comparison is used to identify any limitations associated with the use of a global riser analysis approach for determining structural limits for the riser during deployment/retrieving operations. Several recommendations are also provided regarding the use of the global analysis approach.
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Sundararaman, Venkatesh, Matthew P. O'Donnell, Isaac V. Chenchiah, and Paul M. Weaver. "Topology Morphing Lattice Structures." In ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2021-67531.
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Abstract Planar cellular lattice structures subject to axial compression may undergo elastic bending or buckling of the unit cells. If sufficient compression is applied, the columns of adjacent cells make contact. This changes the topology of the lattice by establishing new load paths. This topology change induces a corresponding shift in the effective stiffness characteristics of the lattice — in particular, the shear modulus undergoes a step-change. The ability to embed adaptive stiffness characteristics through a topology change allows structural reconfiguration to meet changing load/operational requirements efficiently. The concept, of topological reconfiguration, can be exploited across a range of length scales, from (meta-)materials to components. Here we focus on macroscopic behaviour presenting results obtained from finite element analysis that shows excellent correlation with the observed response of 3D-printed PLA lattices. Through a parametric study, we explore the role of key geometric and stiffness parameters and identify desirable regions of the design space. The non-linear responses demonstrated by this topology morphing lattice structure may offer designers a route to develop bespoke elastic systems.
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Thompson, M. K. "Finite Element Modeling of Multi-Scale Thermal Contact Resistance." In ASME 2008 First International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnht2008-52385.
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Many traditional macro scale finite element models of thermal contact systems have incorporated the effect of micro scale surface topography by applying a constant value of thermal contact conductance (TCC) per unit area to the regions in contact. However, it has been very difficult to determine an appropriate TCC value for a given system and analysts typically had to rely on experimental data or values from the literature. This work presents a method for predicting micro scale TCC per unit area by incorporating micro scale surface roughness in a multi-scale iterative thermal/structural finite element contact model. The resulting TCC value is then used in a macro scale thermal/structural contact model with apparent surface form to predict the thermal contact resistance and overall thermal resistance for a commercial power electronics module.
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Zheng, Y., Y. Rong, and Z. Hou. "A Finite Element Analysis for Stiffness of Fixture Units." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43226.
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This paper presents a systematic finite element model to predict the fixture unit stiffness by introducing nonlinear contact elements on the contact surface between fixture components. The contact element includes three independent springs: two in tangential directions and one in the normal direction of the contact surface. Strong nonlinearity is caused by possible separation and sliding between two fixture components. The problem is formulated by the penalty function method and is solved by the Newton-Raphson procedure. The model was validated by two cases of analysis of a linear cantilever beam and a simple fixture unit with two components. Results are in agreement with the corresponding analytical solution of beams and the previous experiment results for fixture in the literature.
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Corritore, Daniele, and Fabrizio Paolacci. "Seismic Failure Modes and Loss of Containment in Industrial Equipment." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-61693.
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Abstract Major accidents in industrial plants and storage sites may be triggered by seismic events, due to the damage of process equipment resulting in a loss of containment. A quantitative seismic risk analysis is used to demonstrate the risks (individual, societal, economic, and environmental) caused by an activity involving dangerous substances, in the case of earthquakes. Starting from the seismic hazard curve of the site in which the plant is placed, the risk is evaluated through the seismic vulnerability assessment of the equipment, generally expressed in terms of fragility curves. The risk calculation necessarily involves the effects of the content release from a critical unit (e.g., tanks, columns, etc...), which can provoke important effects on the surrounding elements and community. For each critical unit, a set of relevant failure modes and damage states associated with the release of material should be defined. While for steel storage tanks, these failure modes and relationship damage state/loss of containment are available and used, the same cannot be said for the other typologies of industrial equipment as columns, horizontal vessels, compressors, furnaces, etc... This paper aims to provide a criterion to determine damage states and loss of containment resulting from the structural seismic damage for different categories of industrial equipment. This problem has been solved in a deterministic way by introducing a “damage state/loss of containment” correlation matrices. The definition of these correlation matrices for the most critical types of equipment makes it possible to fill a gap that existed in the seismic risk evaluation procedure of an industrial plant, also allowing to evaluate the mean annual frequency of exceeding a certain loss of containment from a critical unit due to the earthquakes.
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Muramatsu, N. "Development of Miniature Gripper Using Buckling Phenomenon of Long Column." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95003.
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This paper developed the element technologies for commercialization of the miniature gripper which was considered in the previous paper. There, making use of buckling phenomenon of a long column was tried for the opening and closing mechanism of the miniature gripper. As a result, it was verified which was useful as the opening and closing mechanism of the fingers because it does not need a special mechanism for displacement enlargement, so unique, original and simple. The results obtained are as follows. (1) In the manufacturing of a multi-finger hand, the way for a blank cut from the elastic plate by wire-cut electrical discharge machine to be bent like a telescopic umbrella folded was devised. According to the way, not only will the finger with uneven division or variant be manufactured, but also could further miniaturization be made in similarity. (2) As for the adjustment technique of the gripping force, a positioning nut enabled translational displacement of a screw axis nut to be mechanically set. Consequently, the gripping force changes corresponding to the closing amount of the finger with 0 to maximum (solid contact). (3) In the application of this opening and closing mechanism, a pair of electric tweezers, which finger is automatically opened and closed approximately 5mm by one way rotation drive of a motor, was prototyped. Reciprocating translational displacement h0 of the hand center was realized by simple spherical cam mechanism comprising two small steel balls only with eccentricity each other which are in contact. Radii rc and rf of the steel balls of the prototype are 0.5mm, maximum lift h0 0.3mm and eccentricity 0.357mm.
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Hansen, Eric, Darren Tennant, and Howard Levine. "Numerical Investigation Into End Condition Effects on the Response of Reinforced Concrete Columns to Airblast." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77952.
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Dynamic finite element analysis using explicit time integration is a useful tool for evaluating the response of reinforced concrete columns to both near-contact and offset charges. Typical analyses model a single column in the structure in order to decrease analysis times and isolate the target column response from the general structural response. The effects, if any, of the assumed boundary conditions at the isolated column ends on the column response to the airblast loads are not fully understood at this time. This paper attempts to provide a more complete understanding of such end condition effects by investigating the response of a single column model with a variety of end conditions and comparing these responses to those of a column in a much larger structural model.
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Sadeghi, Hossein, Joseph Magallanes, and John Crawford. "A Numerical Study on Shock Wave Mitigation Using Layered Composites." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70428.
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Phononic crystals are composites with architected microstructure that exhibit superior shock mitigation properties which cannot be achieved through natural materials. In this study, the capability provided by layered phononic crystals for protection of structures subjected to near-contact detonation is investigated. To evaluate the protective performance of the layered composite, finite element simulation of a reinforced concrete (RC) column, with a layered composite attached to its surface, subjected to near-contact detonation is performed. As a reference case, the same RC column under the same near-contact detonation, without the layered composite, is also studied. Contours of damage and residual load carrying capacity of the RC column are analyzed for both cases. It is observed that due to optimized band-gap in the composite, high frequency components of the shock wave are filtered, while the low frequency components of the shock front are highly scattered. Therefore, the intense shock front with large peak overpressure and short duration gets dispersed and transforms into a wave with a longer duration and lower peak overpressure. Comparing the damage pattern in the protected RC column with the bare column, high level of protection provided by the layered composite is demonstrated. This study provides insight on how stress waves can be controlled through microstructural design of phononic crystals through topology optimization to achieve a desired dynamic and structural response.
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Gamez-Montero, P. Javier, and Esteve Codina. "Contact Stress in a Gerotor Pump." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43233.
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The aim of the first part of this paper is to reach the optimum design parameters of a gear set when it works as part of an internal gear pump type gerotor. The performance of the gear teeth and the whole gear set are evaluated through analytical studies to obtain the maximum contact stress in gear teethe and the volumetric characteristics. Several gear sets have been examined and the results are presented. The aim of the second part of the this paper is to documents a better understanding of the performance of a crankshaft mounted gerotor pump for IC engines lubrication. Modeling, simulation and experimental work have been examined for a specific unit. A preliminary 2D simulation is carried out by using the Finite Element Method (FEX) to calculate the maximum contact stress. At the testing phase, a prototype model of the gear set provides the maximum contact stress on a pair of teeth by using photoelasticity measurement techniques. The results are exposed and discussed and possible alterations are proposed.
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do Amaral Amante, Diogo, Renan M. Rossetto, and Segen F. Estefen. "Strength Loss of SS Platform Column Due to Ship Collision." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20680.
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Despite the efforts to reduce ship accidents, the collision between supply vessels and offshore platforms continue to happen. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the ultimate buckling residual strength of a typical semi-submersible platform column damaged by a supply vessel collision. DNV recommendations are adopted for the sideways collision and either bow or stern collision, corresponding to a supply vessel of 5,000 ton displacement with impact velocity of 2 m/s. Additionally, some cases considering the tendency in the world market for supply vessels with larger dimensions and more powerful propulsion are considered. This brings additional questions about the structural integrity of the floating unit represented by the column residual strength able to resist the deck loading up to the repair work to be performed. In this paper the program ABAQUS was used to carry out the dynamic collision simulation. The buckling analysis was validated using a finite element model considering geometric and material nonlinearities as in previous correlation studies with small scale experiments. Residual strength results from the damaged column are compared with the ultimate strength of equivalent intact column to estimate the safety margin associated with the column structural capability after supply vessel collision.
Reports on the topic "Column unit; contact element"
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Mueller, C., S. J. Piercey, M. G. Babechuk, and D. Copeland. Stratigraphy and lithogeochemistry of rocks from the Nugget Pond Deposit area, Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328989.
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Stratigraphic and lithogeochemical data were collected from selected drill core from the Nugget Pond gold deposit in the Betts Cove area, Newfoundland. The stratigraphy consists of a lower unit of basaltic rocks that are massive to pillowed (Mount Misery Formation). This is overlain by sedimentary rocks of the Scrape Point Formation that consist of lower unit of turbiditic siltstone and hematitic cherts/iron formations (the Nugget Pond member); the unit locally has a volcaniclastic rich-unit at its base and grades upwards into finer grained volcaniclastic/turbiditic rocks. This is capped by basaltic rocks of the Scrape Point Formation that contain pillowed and massive mafic flows that are distinctively plagioclase porphyritic to glomeroporphyritic. The mafic rocks of the Mount Misery Formation have island arc tholeiitic affinities, whereas Scrape Point Formation mafic rocks have normal mid-ocean ridge (N-MORB) to backarc basin basalt (BABB) affinities. One sample of the latter formation has a calc-alkalic affinity. All of these geochemical features are consistent with results and conclusions from previous workers in the area. Clastic sedimentary rocks and Fe-rich sedimentary rocks of the Scrape Point Formation have features consistent with derivation from local, juvenile sources (i.e., intra-basinal mafic rocks). The Scrape Point Formation sedimentary rocks with the highest Fe/Al ratios, inferred to have greatest amount of hydrothermally derived Fe, have positive Ce anomalies on Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)-normalized trace element plots. These features are consistent with having formed via hydrothermal venting into an anoxic/ sub-oxic water column. Further work is needed to test whether these redox features are a localized feature (i.e., restricted basin) or a widespread feature of the late Cambrian-early Ordovician Iapetus Ocean, as well as to delineate the role that these Fe-rich sedimentary rocks have played in the localization of gold mineralization within the Nugget Pond deposit.