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Journal articles on the topic 'Colour systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Zhbanova, Vera L. "Evaluation And Selection Of Colour Spaces For Digital Systems." Volume 28, Number 6, 2020, no. 03-2020 (December 2020): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2020-024.

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The research examined the changing of colour difference by the control colours depending on the choice of colour space when working with matrix photo detector. The spectral characteristics of photo detectors from different manufacturers noticeably differ from each other and from the addition the difference in colour quality between different digital devices. A software method for studying the colour rendition of the image obtained by digital devices based on the selection of an individual colour space for each matrix photo detector is proposed. To analyze and evaluate the capabilities of the spectral characteristics of matrix photo detectors, the control colour method based on the Mansell Atlas was used. The analysis of the obtained parameters of 14 colours was carried out according to various criteria for seven colour spaces: sRGB, AdobeRGB, DCI-P3 RGB, M1N1P1, PAL / SECAM, Wide Gamut RGB, ProPhoto RGB. Also studied the influence of the choice of colour space on the change in the coordinates of the source 6,500 K. Based on the colour differences of the control colours, it is possible to choose the optimal colour space for working with a specific matrix photo detector. The latter will reduce colour distortion at the initial stage of image registration. The ways for improving the colorimetric method of control colours are proposed as applied to digital devices at the software level.

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Nijboer, Tanja C. W., Titia Gebuis, Susan F. te Pas, and Maarten J. van der Smagt. "Interactions between colour and synaesthetic colour: An effect of simultaneous colour contrast on synaesthetic colours." Vision Research 51, no. 1 (January 2011): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2010.09.030.

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3

Choudhury, A. K. Roy. "Colour order systems." Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics 26, no. 1 (October 23, 2008): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1996.tb00110.x.

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4

Sargeant, Chris. "Colour display systems." Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics 32, no. 1 (June 2002): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.2002.tb00250.x.

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5

Hippisley, Andrew, Ian Davies, and Greville G. Corbett. "The basic colour terms of Lower Sorbian and Upper Sorbian and their typological relevance." Studies in Language 32, no. 1 (January 11, 2008): 56–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.32.1.04hip.

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Berlin & Kay’s basic colour term framework claims that there is an ordering in the diachronic development of languages’ colour systems. One generalisation is that primary colours, WHITE, BLACK, RED, YELLOW, GREEN, BLUE, are lexicalised before derived colours, which are perceptual blends, e.g. ORANGE is the blend of YELLOW and RED. The colour systems of Lower Sorbian and Upper Sorbian offer an important typological contribution. It is already known that primary colour space can contract upon the emergence of a basic derived term; our findings indicate that derived categories also shift as colour systems develop. Tsakhur offers corroborating evidence.

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Pitchford, Nicola J., and Kathy T. Mullen. "Is the Acquisition of Basic-Colour Terms in Young Children Constrained?" Perception 31, no. 11 (November 2002): 1349–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3405.

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We investigated whether the learning of colour terms in childhood is constrained by a developmental order of acquisition as predicted by Berlin and Kay [1969 Basic Color Terms (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press)]. Forty-three children, aged between 2 and 5 years and grouped according to language ability, were given two tasks testing colour conceptualisation. Colour comprehension was assessed in a spoken-word-to-colour-matching task in which a target colour was presented in conjunction with two distractor colours. Colour naming was measured in an explicit naming task in which colours were presented individually for oral naming. Results showed that children's knowledge of basic-colour terms varied across tasks and language age, providing little support for a systematic developmental order. In addition, we found only limited support for an advantage for the conceptualisation of primary (red, green, blue, yellow, black, white) compared to non-primary colour terms across tasks and language age. Instead, our data suggest that children acquire reliable knowledge of nine basic colours within a 3-month period (35.6 to 39.5 months) after which there is a considerable lag of up to 9 months before accurate knowledge of the final two colours (brown and grey) is acquired. We propose that children acquire colour term knowledge in two distinct time frames that reflect the establishment of, first, the exterior (yellow, blue, black, green, white, pink, orange, red, and purple) and, second, the interior structure (brown and grey) of conceptual colour space. These results fail to provide significant support for the order predicted by Berlin and Kay, and suggest, instead, that the development of colour term knowledge is largely unconstrained.

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Falomir, Zoe, Vicent Costa, and Luis Gonzalez-Abril. "Obtaining Discriminative Colour Names According to the Context: Using a Fuzzy Colour Model and Probabilistic Reference Grounding." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 27, Supp01 (November 5, 2019): 107–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488519400063.

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In human-machine communication situations, perceptual and conceptual deviations can appear. The challenge of categorising colours is tackled in this paper. Colour perception is very subjective. Colours may be perceived differently depending on a person’s eye anatomy and a person’s sense of sight which adapts to the surroundings and perceives different brightness of hues depending on the context. Distinguishing more/less quantity of hues depends also on the level of expertise but also on the cultural and social environment. Colours naming involves conceptual alignment with human cognition, meaning and human understanding for referring to an object and even for discriminating among objects. Studies in cross-cultural linguistics say that humans determined prototypical colours as the centre of colour categories. Hence, a cognitive colour model should distinguish/indicate when a colour coordinate is close/far to the centre of its category. And these centres of categories should be adaptable and customisable depending on the society. A fuzzy colour model based on HSL colour space and radial basis functions is presented in this paper. Logics have been defined to combine this fuzzy-colour model with a Probabilistic Reference And GRounding mechanism (PRAGR) in order to obtain the most discriminative colour descriptor for an object depending on the context. Two case studies related with human cognition are presented. Then further tests are carried out on a dataset where the first and second most discriminative colour is computed for each object in each scene. Finally, a survey is conducted to find out the cognitive adequacy of the obtained discriminative colour names.

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8

Carter, Ellen C. "Fifth Colour Imaging Conference: Color science, systems, and applications." Color Research & Application 23, no. 5 (October 1998): 349–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6378(199810)23:5<349::aid-col22>3.0.co;2-3.

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9

Sakata, K. "Afterimage colour affected by colour constancy." Journal of Vision 3, no. 12 (March 28, 2010): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/3.12.64.

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10

Amore, P., M. C. Birse, J. A. McGovern, and N. R. Walet. "Colour Superconductivity in Finite Systems." Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics 16, no. 1-4 (October 1, 2002): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aph.16.2002.1-4.18.

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AMORE, P., M. C. BIRSE, J. A. MCGOVERN, and N. R. WALET. "COLOUR SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN FINITE SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 28 (November 10, 2003): 5185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203020302.

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We have studied the effects of finite size on the two flavor colour superconducting state. Since the baryon number in the BCS state is only fixed on average, we have projected the state over a fixed baryon number. The resulting state has been then projected over a colour-singlet state, by integrating over the colour group manifold. The effects of both projections have been evaluated numerically.

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12

MacDonald, Lindsay W. "Developments in colour management systems." Displays 16, no. 4 (May 1996): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-9382(96)01014-1.

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13

Amdekar, Madhura S., and Maria Thaker. "Risk of social colours in an agamid lizard: implications for the evolution of dynamic signals." Biology Letters 15, no. 5 (May 15, 2019): 20190207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0207.

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The forces of sexual and natural selection are typically invoked to explain variation in colour patterns of animals. Although the benefits of conspicuous colours for social signalling are well documented, evidence for their ecological cost, especially for dynamic colours, remains limited. We examined the riskiness of colour patterns of Psammophilus dorsalis , a species in which males express distinct colour combinations during social interactions. We first measured the conspicuousness of these colour patterns on different substrates based on the visual systems of conspecifics and predators (bird, snake, canid) and then quantified actual predation risk on these patterns using wax/polymer lizard models in the wild. The black and red male state exhibited during courtship was the most conspicuous to all visual systems, while the yellow and orange male aggression state and the brown female colour were least conspicuous. Models bearing the courtship colour pattern experienced the highest predator attacks, irrespective of the substrate they were placed on. Thus, social colours of males are not only conspicuous but also risky. Using physiological colours to shift in and out of conspicuous states may be an effective evolutionary solution to balance social signalling benefits with predation costs.

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Arbab, Shabnam, Jonathan A. Brindle, Barbara S. Matusiak, and Christian A. Klöckner. "Categorisation of Colour Terms Using New Validation Tools: A Case Study and Implications." i-Perception 9, no. 2 (March 2018): 204166951876004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669518760043.

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This article elaborates on the results of a field experiment conducted among speakers of the Chakali language, spoken in northern Ghana. In the original study, the Color-aid Corporation Chart was used to perform the focal task in which consultants were asked to point at a single colour tile on the chart. However, data from the focal task could not be analysed since the Color-aid tiles had not yet been converted into numerical values set forth by the Commission internationale de l’éclairage (CIE). In this study, the full set of 314 Color-aid tiles were measured for chromaticity and converted into the CIE values at the Daylight Laboratory of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. This article presents the conversion methodology and makes the results of the measurements, which are available in the Online Appendix. We argue that some visual-perception terms cannot be reliably ascribed to colour categories established by the Color-aid Corporation. This suggests that the ideophonic expressions in the dataset do not denote ‘colours’, as categorised in the Color-aid system, as it was impossible to average the consultants’ data into a CIE chromaticity diagram, illustrate the phenomena on the Natural Colour System (NCS) Circle and Triangle diagrams, and conduct a statistical analysis. One of the implications of this study is that a line between a visual-perception term and a colour term could be systematically established using a method with predefined categorical thresholds.

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Clark, R. C., R. D. Santer, and J. S. Brebner. "A generalized equation for the calculation of receptor noise limited colour distances in n -chromatic visual systems." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 9 (September 2017): 170712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170712.

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Researchers must assess similarities and differences in colour from an animal's eye view when investigating hypotheses in ecology, evolution and behaviour. Nervous systems generate colour perceptions by comparing the responses of different spectral classes of photoreceptor through colour opponent mechanisms, and the performance of these mechanisms is limited by photoreceptor noise. Accordingly, the receptor noise limited (RNL) colour distance model of Vorobyev and Osorio (Vorobyev & Osorio 1998 Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 265 , 351–358 ( doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0302 )) generates predictions about the discriminability of colours that agree with behavioural data, and consequently it has found wide application in studies of animal colour vision. Vorobyev and Osorio (1998) provide equations to calculate RNL colour distances for animals with di-, tri- and tetrachromatic vision, which is adequate for many species. However, researchers may sometimes wish to compute RNL colour distances for potentially more complex colour visual systems. Thus, we derive a simple, single formula for the computation of RNL distance between two measurements of colour, equivalent to the published di-, tri- and tetrachromatic equations of Vorobyev and Osorio (1998), and valid for colour visual systems with any number of types of noisy photoreceptors. This formula will allow the easy application of this important colour visual model across the fields of ecology, evolution and behaviour.

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16

Sakata, K. "Elementary Colour Perception in Hue Judgment." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970324.

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The ratios of psychological elementary colours perceived in chromatic colour papers with a variety of hues were measured by a paired comparison method. Stimulus sets were composed of two colour papers with hues between two of four elementary colours, but on either side of one elementary colour. Five students observed stimulus sets comprising two colour papers under approximately 1000 lux D65 illumination, and they chose the one which caused the stronger elementary colour percept. The results showed that the sum of the ratios of two elementary colours in a colour whose hue is located between them was less than 100%. This result was the same for every hue condition. This shows that observers underestimated psychological elementary colours, consistent with previous studies (Sakata, 1996 Perception25 Supplement, 100) which showed that the sum of black and white was less than 100% in the perception of greys. If elementary colours are processed simultaneously from the whole colour percept, their sum would be 100%. The result of these experiments strongly shows that psychological elementary colours are processed independently from the inputs of the three cone systems and the rod system, and they are integrated to form the whole colour percept after each process.

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17

Griffin, Lewis D. "Optimality of the basic colour categories for classification." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 3, no. 6 (September 6, 2005): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2005.0076.

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Categorization of colour has been widely studied as a window into human language and cognition, and quite separately has been used pragmatically in image-database retrieval systems. This suggests the hypothesis that the best category system for pragmatic purposes coincides with human categories (i.e. the basic colours). We have tested this hypothesis by assessing the performance of different category systems in a machine-vision task. The task was the identification of the odd-one-out from triples of images obtained using a web-based image-search service. In each triple, two of the images had been retrieved using the same search term, the other a different term. The terms were simple concrete nouns. The results were as follows: (i) the odd-one-out task can be performed better than chance using colour alone; (ii) basic colour categorization performs better than random systems of categories; (iii) a category system that performs better than the basic colours could not be found; and (iv) it is not just the general layout of the basic colours that is important, but also the detail. We conclude that (i) the results support the plausibility of an explanation for the basic colours as a result of a pressure-to-optimality and (ii) the basic colours are good categories for machine vision image-retrieval systems.

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18

Weddel, Heino, and Claudius Pfendler. "Colour and Spatial Performance." Perceptual and Motor Skills 77, no. 3_suppl (December 1993): 1249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.3f.1249.

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An experiment was conducted to examine the influence of colour on spatial performance as measured with traditional tests for 29 adults. Spatial performance was significantly higher when testing material with highly saturated colours was used in comparison to colours of low saturation and achromatic shades.

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19

Vetter, Roland E., Vera R. Coradin, Elisatbeth C. Martino, and Jose A. A. Camargos. "Wood Colour - A Comparison Between Determination Methods." IAWA Journal 11, no. 4 (1990): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000534.

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Precise colour description results in a better classification and evaluation of wood products. Two systems of colour determination were applied and compared in 98 Amazonian wood species: the Munsell colour system, a visual determination comparing colour standards with samples, and the DIN colour chart using a reflectance reading colorimeter. The Munsell system is sufficient, when applied in simple descriptions of wood colour. To evaluate variations and changes in colour, however, the method of reading the colorimeter and converting to the DIN colour chart is recommended. This method allows the user to calculate precisely differences between colours.

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20

Dyer, Adrian G., Angelique C. Paulk, and David H. Reser. "Colour processing in complex environments: insights from the visual system of bees." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1707 (December 8, 2010): 952–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2412.

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Colour vision enables animals to detect and discriminate differences in chromatic cues independent of brightness. How the bee visual system manages this task is of interest for understanding information processing in miniaturized systems, as well as the relationship between bee pollinators and flowering plants. Bees can quickly discriminate dissimilar colours, but can also slowly learn to discriminate very similar colours, raising the question as to how the visual system can support this, or whether it is simply a learning and memory operation. We discuss the detailed neuroanatomical layout of the brain, identify probable brain areas for colour processing, and suggest that there may be multiple systems in the bee brain that mediate either coarse or fine colour discrimination ability in a manner dependent upon individual experience. These multiple colour pathways have been identified along both functional and anatomical lines in the bee brain, providing us with some insights into how the brain may operate to support complex colour discrimination behaviours.

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Dreksler, Noemi, and Charles Spence. "A Critical Analysis of Colour–Shape Correspondences: Examining the Replicability of Colour–Shape Associations." i-Perception 10, no. 2 (March 2019): 204166951983404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669519834042.

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Research on the topic of colour–shape correspondences started in the early 20th century with the Bauhaus artist Wassily Kandinsky. However, more recently, the topic has been examined using the empirical framework of crossmodal correspondences research. The field remains one in which consistent results and generalisable hypotheses about the existence and nature of colour–shape correspondences are lacking. The replicability and consistency of findings concerning colour–shape correspondences are examined in three online colour–shape matching experiments using the same procedure and study design while varying the sets of shape stimuli that are evaluated. Participants matched one of 36 colours to each shape as well as made preference and arousal appraisal ratings for each of the shapes and colours. The complexities of analysing colour–shape correspondence data are discussed and illustrated by classifying and analysing shape and colours in a variety of different ways, including using continuous perceptual and objective measures. Significant colour–shape associations were found. However, as hypothesised, limited consistent results in regard to what perceptual shape characteristics predicted colour choices were documented across the three stimuli sets. This was the case both within and across different analysis methods. The factors that may be responsible for these inconsistencies are critically discussed. Intriguingly, however, evidence for emotional mediation, whereby shape and colour liking and arousal appraisals appear to influence the colour–shape correspondences made by participants, was found across all three experiments.

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22

Edvardsson, B., and R. A. Bell. "Theoretical colours and isochrones for some Hubble Space Telescope colour systems." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 238, no. 4 (June 1989): 1121–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/238.4.1121.

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23

Saysani, Armin. "How the Blind Hear Colour." Perception 48, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006619830940.

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Crossmodal correspondences between seemingly independent sensory modalities are often observed in normal participants. For instance, colours commonly map consistently onto pure tones. In this study, we investigated colour-tone mapping in both normal trichromats and in people with congenital blindness. Participants were asked to match tones of differing pitch to named colours. In both cases, the tones selected varied consistently with the colour. The blind responses were similar to those of the trichromats, except in the case of red and green; the blind did not differentiate these colours, whereas the trichromats associated red with a higher tone and green with a lower tone. Otherwise, the results are consistent with a well-established association between pitch and lightness, with lighter colours associated with higher tones, and darker colours with lower tones. Because the blind never had any sensory experience of colour, their matching of colour to pitch is most likely based on semantic understanding.

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24

Chies-Santos, A. L., S. S. Larsen, E. M. Wehner, H. Kuntschner, J. Strader, J. P. Brodie, and J. F. C. Santos. "An optical/near-infrared survey of GCs in early-type galaxies." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S266 (August 2009): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921309991049.

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AbstractOptical/near-infrared observations of 14 globular cluster (GC) systems in early-type galaxies are presented. We investigate the recent claims (Yoon et al. 2006) of colour bimodality in GC systems being an artefact of the nonlinear colour–metallicity transformation driven by horizontal-branch morphology. Taking advantage of the fact that the combination of optical and near-infrared colours can, in principle, break the age/metallicity degeneracy we also analyse age distributions in these systems.

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Okajima, K., M. Takase, and S. Takahashi. "Interaction between Colour and Depth Channels in Transparent Colour Perception." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96p0110.

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Two colours can be perceived at one location on overlapping planes only when the front plane is transparent. This phenomenon suggests that colour information processing is not independent of depth information processing and vice versa. To investigate the interaction between colour and depth channels, we used colour stimuli and binocular parallax to identify the conditions for transparency. Each stimulus, presented on a CRT to one eye, consisted of a centre patch and a surround. Binocular disparity was set so that the centre patch could be seen behind the surround. However, the surround appears to be behind the centre patch when the surround is perceived as an opaque plane. We examined several combinations of basic colours for the centre patch and surround. The surround luminance was constant at 1.0 cd m−2 and the luminance of the centre was varied. Subjects used the apparent depth of the surround to report whether or not transparency occurred. The results show two types of transparency: ‘bright-centre transparency’ and ‘dark-centre transparency’. We found that the range of centre luminances which yield transparency depends on the combination of centre and surround colours, ie influences of brightness and colour opponency were found. We conclude that there is interaction between colour and depth channels in the visual system.

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Kingdom, F. A. A., K. Hammamji, and S. Rangwala. "Cardinal colour contributions to the colour-shading effect." Journal of Vision 4, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/4.8.159.

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27

Sohmiya, Seiyu. "A Wave-Line Colour Illusion." Perception 36, no. 9 (September 2007): 1396–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5808.

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A new colour-spreading illusion is reported. Illusory colours appear on a white background when three unconnected sinusoidal curves are aligned in parallel when the central line is of a different colour than the other two lines. For some combinations of colours, illusory colours appear not only around the central line but also around the other lines.

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Mausfeld, Rainer, and Reinhard Niederée. "An Inquiry into Relational Concepts of Colour, Based on Incremental Principles of Colour Coding for Minimal Relational Stimuli." Perception 22, no. 4 (April 1993): 427–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p220427.

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Centre – surround stimuli evoke colour appearances (resembling surface colours) which cannot be produced by a single homogeneous spot of light alone (eg brown or grey). Although this seems of great impact to a general theory of colour (including ‘colour constancy’), the psychophysics of these ‘minimal relational stimuli’ is still less well understood than often assumed. On the basis of empirical as well as theoretical observations concerning centre– surround-type stimuli we introduce a relational model of colour coding. At the core of this model is the concept of a three-dimensional linear incremental colour code which behaves differently for increments and decrements. This model takes into account results on ‘discounting the background’ mechanisms and it is closely related to ratio-based relational concepts and to certain opponent-colour theories. In addition, it provides an analogue to the classical distinction between light and object colours, and covers colour appearances related to object colours as well. Within the conceptual framework offered, problems of complex colour perception (eg ‘colour constancy’) and judgmental modes are discussed. Conclusions regarding general limitations of three-dimensional modelling in colour perception are derived and corresponding refinements of the relational perspective are briefly outlined.

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Heidary, K., and H. J. Caulfield. "Spectral sensitivity design for maximum colour separation in artificial colour systems." IET Image Processing 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2009): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2009.0023.

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30

Shepherd, Alex J. "A Vector Model of Colour Contrast in a Cone-Excitation Colour Space." Perception 26, no. 4 (April 1997): 455–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p260455.

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A vector model of colour contrast is examined in a colour space that is a logarithmic transformation of the MacLeod – Boynton cone-excitation diagram. Observers set matches in a haploscopic display, in which one eye viewed a standard display (a neutral target square in a coloured surround) and the other viewed a matching display (a variable square in its own surround). Contrast colours are simply represented in this colour space: the vector connecting the right-eye surround and matched chromaticities is parallel to and of the same length and direction as the vector that connects the left-eye (standard) surround and square chromaticities. This describes observers' matches to the hues induced in a neutral square for a range of inducing surround colours, a range of right-eye (match) surround colours and four different luminance contrasts.

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31

Dyadyusha, G. G., A. D. Kachkovsky, and M. L. Dekhtyar. "Colour and topology of conjugated systems." Journal of Molecular Structure 217 (March 1990): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(90)80362-n.

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32

Green, R. J., and S. J. Ismail. "Colour error reduction in video systems." IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 36, no. 1 (March 1990): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/11.52370.

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33

Clement, R., and J. Fabregat. "Four colour photometry of binary systems." Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series 128, no. 1 (February 1998): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/aas:1998381.

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34

Abbas, Afsar. "Hidden colour in B=3,4 systems." Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 20 (January 1988): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-6410(88)90013-0.

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35

Hunt, Robert W. G. "Perceptual factors affecting colour order systems." Color Research & Application 10, no. 1 (1985): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.5080100105.

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Iamaguti, Mariana, Marcella Gadotti, Fernanda Henriques, and Paula Trigueiros. "Analysis of graphic codes for colour representation." Information Design Journal 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.00003.iam.

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Abstract This article is the result of initial tests and studies about two systems for chromatic representation. It introduces and discusses the use and importance of two graphic codes created in Portugal as well as their graphic application on information and communication systems in an inclusive manner for individuals with different chromatic perceptions and needs. Designed mainly for people with colour blindness and visual impairment, ColorADD and Feelipa Color Code are alternatives for colour representation via graphic and tactile mediums. From pilot tests, the application, usage and impact of these systems on society and education have been investigated via field research and interviews with their creators, developers and users.

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Broerse, Jack, Tony Vladusich, and Robert P. O’Shea. "Colour at edges and colour spreading in McCollough effects." Vision Research 39, no. 7 (April 1999): 1305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00231-4.

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Witzel, Christoph, Zoe Flack, Emma Sanchez-Walker, and Anna Franklin. "Colour category constancy and the development of colour naming." Vision Research 187 (October 2021): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2021.05.008.

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Foster, David H., Sérgio M. C. Nascimento, and Kinjiro Amano. "Information Limits on Identification of Natural Surfaces by Apparent Colour." Perception 34, no. 8 (August 2005): 1003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5181.

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By adaptational and other mechanisms, the visual system can compensate for moderate changes in the colour of the illumination on a scene. Although the colours of most surfaces are perceived to be constant (‘colour constancy’), some are not. The effect of these residual colour changes on the ability of observers to identify surfaces by their apparent colour was determined theoretically from high-resolution hyperspectral images of natural scenes under different daylights with correlated colour temperatures 4300 K, 6 500 K, and 25000 K. Perceived differences between colours were estimated with an approximately uniform colour-distance measure. The information preserved under illuminant changes increased with the number of surfaces in the sample, but was limited to a relatively low asymptotic value, indicating the importance of physical factors in constraining identification by apparent colour.

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Guðmundsdóttir Beck, Þórhalla, and Matthew James Whelpton. "Samspil máls og merkingar. Um litaheiti í íslensku táknmáli." Orð og tunga 21 (August 15, 2019): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ordogtunga.21.5.

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Brent Berlin and Paul Kay brought a sea change in semantic studies of colour terms when they published their book Basic Color Terms in 1969. Up to that point the dominant view was that each language represented a unique conceptual organisation of the world, a view supported by the fact that the colour spectrum is a continuum which provides not obvious breaks for the purposes of naming. Despite the many criticisms of their work which have followed, their methodology has proven extremely influential and been widely adopted. The project Evolution of Semantic Systems, 2011–2012, adopted their methodology for a study of colour terms in the Indo-European languages and the Colours in Context project applied the same methods to a study of Icelandic Sign Language. Signed languages diff er in many ways from spoken languages but the results of this study suggest the broad organisation of the colour space is the same in Icelandic Sign Language, Icelandic and British English. The colour space is organised by a few dominant terms, largely the same as Berlin and Kay ́s original basic colour terms. Yet within that broad pattern is considerable microvariation, especially in the spaces between the dominant terms. There the characteristic patt erns of word formation in the language have a clear influence in colour naming strategies.

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Onstein, Renske E., Daphne N. Vink, Jorin Veen, Christopher D. Barratt, Suzette G. A. Flantua, Serge A. Wich, and W. Daniel Kissling. "Palm fruit colours are linked to the broad-scale distribution and diversification of primate colour vision systems." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1921 (February 26, 2020): 20192731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2731.

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A long-standing hypothesis in ecology and evolution is that trichromatic colour vision (the ability to distinguish red from green) in frugivorous primates has evolved as an adaptation to detect conspicuous (reddish) fruits. This could provide a competitive advantage over dichromatic frugivores which cannot distinguish reddish colours from a background of green foliage. Here, we test whether the origin, distribution and diversity of trichromatic primates is positively associated with the availability of conspicuous palm fruits, i.e. keystone fruit resources for tropical frugivores. We combine global data of colour vision, distribution and phylogenetic data for more than 400 primate species with fruit colour data for more than 1700 palm species, and reveal that species richness of trichromatic primates increases with the proportion of palm species that have conspicuous fruits, especially in subtropical African forests. By contrast, species richness of trichromats in Asia and the Americas is not positively associated with conspicuous palm fruit colours. Macroevolutionary analyses further indicate rapid and synchronous radiations of trichromats and conspicuous palms on the African mainland starting 10 Ma. These results suggest that the distribution and diversification of African trichromatic primates is strongly linked to the relative availability of conspicuous (versus non-conspicuous) palm fruits, and that interactions between primates and palms are related to the coevolutionary dynamics of primate colour vision systems and palm fruit colours.

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Grzesiak, Wojciech, Piotr Guzdek, Piotr Maćków, Krzysztof Zaraska, Michal Zbieć, Mariusz Jakubowski, Dariusz Obrębski, et al. "Smart LED high CRI lighting systems." Microelectronics International 35, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-03-2018-0014.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present issues related to the design of a modern lighting system based on LED technology. The developed system provides lighting with a high colour rendering index (up to 98); it also has many innovative functions, which make its implementation bring significant energy savings and increase the comfort of work. Design/methodology/approach In contrast to typical solutions, the dynamic synthesis of white light from six component colours was used in the presented project. This process is controlled by a microcontroller, and there is a colour temperature sensor in the feedback loop. The communication between smart luminaires and sensor modules is provided by means of a ZigBee wireless network. Findings The correctness of the proposed methodology has been proved by measurements and laboratory tests. Research limitations/implications The process of improving the lighting system is continued and significant changes in the spectrum of used sensors are expected. Practical implications The proposed system based on mixing light from six components is an innovative solution that besides undoubted advantages entails a more elaborate electronic circuitry. However, good characteristics of the obtained light, as well as the possibility of compensating for changes in colour temperature of natural light and reducing the impact of aging of LEDs, in the authors’ opinion, make the proposed solution find its place on the market. Originality/value The proposed solution is original, both in terms of the light mixing technique and advanced functionality offered by the system.

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Chen, Zhe, Yang Niu, Chang-Qiu Liu, and Hang Sun. "Red flowers differ in shades between pollination systems and across continents." Annals of Botany 126, no. 5 (June 1, 2020): 837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa103.

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Abstract Background and Aims Floral colour is a primary signal in plant–pollinator interactions. The association between red flowers and bird pollination is well known, explained by the ‘bee avoidance’ and ‘bird attraction’ hypotheses. Nevertheless, the relative importance of these two hypotheses has rarely been investigated on a large scale, even in terms of colour perception per se. Methods We collected reflectance spectra for 130 red flower species from different continents and ascertained their pollination systems. The spectra were analysed using colour vision models for bees and (three types of) birds, to estimate colour perception by these pollinators. The differences in colour conspicuousness (chromatic and achromatic contrast, purity) and in spectral properties between pollination systems and across continents were analysed. Key Results Compared with other floral colours, red flowers are very conspicuous to birds and much less conspicuous to bees. The red flowers pollinated by bees and by birds are more conspicuous to their respective pollinators. Compared with the bird flowers in the Old World, the New World ones are less conspicuous to bees and may be more conspicuous not only to violet-sensitive but also to ultraviolet-sensitive birds. These differences can be explained by the different properties of the secondary reflectance peak (SP). SP intensity is higher in red flowers pollinated by bees than those pollinated by birds (especially New World bird flowers). A transition from high SP to low SP in red flowers can induce chromatic contrast changes, with a greater effect on reducing attraction to bees than enhancing attraction to birds. Conclusions Shades of red flowers differ between pollination systems. Moreover, red bird flowers are more specialized in the New World than in the Old World. The evolution towards colour specialization is more likely to result in higher efficiency of bee avoidance than bird attraction

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Paltoglou, G., and R. A. Bell. "Theoretical colours and isochrones for some Hubble Space Telescope colour systems - II." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 253, no. 3 (December 1, 1991): 449–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/253.3.449.

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Kalustova, D., V. Kornaga, A. Rybalochka, and S. Valyukh. "Space of visual and circadian parameters of RGBW lighting systems." Lighting engineering and power engineering 1, no. 57 (April 6, 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2079-424x-2020-1-57-16-21.

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Due to the proven effect of light on human circadian rhythms, nowadays researchers and developers of lighting systems (LS) concentrate on the non-visual parameters of light and methods of ensuring a safe comfortable light environment. This requires optimisation of spectral power distribution (SPD). In this view the most promising and functional are RGBW systems due to their ability to change dynamically SPD and, hence, light parameters. In this work we explore two RGBW (red-greenblue-white) systems with different white LEDs (warm white and neutral white) and the space of visual and non-visual parameters that they can ensure. Visual parameters are studied in terms of colour rendering index, colour fidelity index and visual corneal illuminance while non-visual parameters are studied in terms of circadian light, circadian stimulus and circadian action factor. These parameters are calculated for different contribution of the components in a correlated colour temperature (CCT) range of 2500 – 7000K. In addition, acceptable criterion of the colour fidelity index above 85 is used. It is shown that under this condition the circadian action factor in the range of 0.33-0.98 can be obtained by changing the CCT and (or) colour fidelity index. Also an achievable area of the circadian stimulus versus corneal illuminance space for RGBW systems is found. It enables to choose optimal combination of CCT, circadian stimulus and corneal illuminance to provide the desired level of circadian effect with sufficient visual comfort depending on the daytime and field of system's implementation. This data is useful for LS manufacturers and lighting designers to create a comfortable lighting environment. Keywords - RGBW colour mixing, tunable white light, circadian effect, colour rendering, colour fidelity index.

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BUCK, STEVEN, MAUREEN NEITZ, BARRY B. LEE, and KENNETH KNOBLAUCH. "Guest Editor's Foreword: Proceedings of the 18th Biennial Symposium of the International Colour Vision Society. Held July 2005, Lyon, France." Visual Neuroscience 23, no. 3-4 (May 2006): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523806233005.

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The International Colour Vision Society (ICVS) held its 18th biennial meeting in Lyon, France in July 2005. The ICVS, originally founded in 1967 as the International Research Group in Colour Vision Deficiencies and renamed in 1997, brings together vision scientists and clinicians with a common interest in color vision and color vision deficiencies. With significant technological advances that have permitted new and deeper questions about color vision to be addressed, the subject matter of recent meetings has expanded to include greater contributions from such areas as molecular genetics and evolution, retinal and cerebral imaging studies and computational modeling. The peer-reviewed papers in this volume span these newer and the more traditional topics of interest to the society, covering both applied and fundamental topics.

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Moulden, Bernard, Fred Kingdom, and Brian Wink. "Colour Pools, Brightness Pools, Assimilation, and the Spatial Resolving Power of the Human Colour-Vision System." Perception 22, no. 3 (March 1993): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p220343.

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A stimulus is described that demonstrates the spatial pooling of colour information in the visual system. Chequerboards (or gratings) consisting of alternating squares (or stripes) of complementary colours become achromatic at particular spatial scales; such stimuli have been named ‘transchromatic’ stimuli. Colour pools are much larger than the receptive fields that respond to luminance contrast. Some measurements are described which form the basis for estimates of the size of the colour pools. The size of colour pools varies according to the colours involved. For red—cyan and green—magenta complementary pairs colour is pooled at spatial frequencies above about 7–8 cycles deg−1, implying pools whose diameter is around 8 min arc. For yellow—blue complementary pairs the corresponding figures are about 4 cycles deg−1 and 15 min arc. Some phenomena of normal colour vision, colour blindness, and the development of infant vision are discussed in the light of these findings.

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De Vreese, Luc Pieter. "Two systems for colour-naming defects: Verbal disconnection vs colour imagery disorder." Neuropsychologia 29, no. 1 (January 1991): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(91)90090-u.

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Rich, Danny C. "Publication CIE 159: A colour appearance model for colour management systems: CIECAM02." Color Research & Application 31, no. 2 (2006): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.20198.

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Griffin, L. D. "Basic colour foci and landmarks of the body colour solid." Journal of Vision 6, no. 13 (March 28, 2010): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/6.13.47.

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