Academic literature on the topic 'Colour manipulation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Colour manipulation"
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Tatler, Benjamin W., Yoriko Hirose, Sarah K. Finnegan, Riina Pievilainen, Clare Kirtley, and Alan Kennedy. "Priorities for selection and representation in natural tasks." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1628 (October 19, 2013): 20130066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0066.
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Selecting and remembering visual information is an active and competitive process. In natural environments, representations are tightly coupled to task. Objects that are task-relevant are remembered better due to a combination of increased selection for fixation and strategic control of encoding and/or retaining viewed information. However, it is not understood how physically manipulating objects when performing a natural task influences priorities for selection and memory. In this study, we compare priorities for selection and memory when actively engaged in a natural task with first-person observation of the same object manipulations. Results suggest that active manipulation of a task-relevant object results in a specific prioritization for object position information compared with other properties and compared with action observation of the same manipulations. Experiment 2 confirms that this spatial prioritization is likely to arise from manipulation rather than differences in spatial representation in real environments and the movies used for action observation. Thus, our findings imply that physical manipulation of task relevant objects results in a specific prioritization of spatial information about task-relevant objects, possibly coupled with strategic de-prioritization of colour memory for irrelevant objects.
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Mol, Jos. "Flower colour manipulation: a floral facelift." Endeavour 15, no. 2 (January 1991): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-9327(05)80004-3.
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Thünken, Timo, Sebastian A. Baldauf, Nicole Bersau, Joachim G. Frommen, and Theo C. M. Bakker. "Parasite-induced colour alteration of intermediate hosts increases ingestion by suitable final host species." Behaviour 156, no. 13-14 (2019): 1329–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003568.
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Abstract Parasites with complex life cycles often alter the phenotypic appearance of their intermediate hosts in order to facilitate ingestion by the final host. However, such manipulation can be costly as it might increase ingestion by less suitable or dead-end hosts as well. Species-specific parasitic manipulation is a way to enhance the transmission to suitable final hosts. Here, we experimentally show that the altered body colouration of the intermediate host Gammarus pulex caused by its acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis differently affects predation by different fish species (barbel, perch, ruffe, brown trout and two populations of three-spined stickleback) depending on their suitability to act as final host. Species that were responsive to colour manipulation in a predation experiment were more susceptible to infection with P. laevis than unresponsive species. Furthermore, three-spined stickleback from different populations responded to parasite manipulation in opposite directions. Such increased ingestion of the intermediate host by preferred and suitable hosts suggests fine-tuned adaptive parasitic manipulation and sheds light on the ongoing evolutionary arms race between hosts and manipulative parasites.
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Jarvis, R. A. "3D Shape and surface colour sensor fusion for robot vision." Robotica 10, no. 5 (September 1992): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700010596.
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SUMMARYThis paper argues the case for extracting as complete a set of sensory data as practicable from scenes consisting of complex assemblages of objects with the goal of completing the task of scene analysis, including placement, pose, identity and relationship amongst the components in a robust manner which supports goal directed robotic action, including collision-free trajectory planning, grip site location and manipulation of selected object classes.The emphasis of the paper is that of sensor fusion of range and surface colour data including preliminary results in proximity, surface normal directionality and colour based scene segmentation through semantic-free clustering processes. The larger context is that of imbedding the results of such analysis in a graphics world containing an articulated robotic manipulator and of carrying out experiments in that world prior to replication of safe manipulation sequences in the real world.
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Firby, P. A. "Colour Manipulation of Superposed Families of Curves." Computer Journal 30, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/30.4.349.
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Starkey, Tim, and Pete Vukusic. "Light manipulation principles in biological photonic systems." Nanophotonics 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2013): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0015.
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AbstractThe science of light and colour manipulation continues to generate interest across a range of disciplines, from mainstream biology, across multiple physics-based fields, to optical engineering. Furthermore, the study of light production and manipulation is of significant value to a variety of industrial processes and commercial products. Among the several key methods by which colour is produced in the biological world, this review sets out to describe, in some detail, the specifics of the method involving photonics in animal and plant systems; namely, the mechanism commonly referred to as structural colour generation. Not only has this theme been a very rapidly growing area of physics-based interest, but also it is increasingly clear that the biological world is filled with highly evolved structural designs by which light and colour strongly influence behaviours and ecological functions.
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Zhao, Man, Qijing Lin, Liangquan Zhu, Libo Zhao, and Zhuangde Jiang. "Antenna for microwave manipulation of NV colour centres." Micro & Nano Letters 15, no. 12 (October 21, 2020): 793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2019.0462.
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Knott, Ben, Mathew L. Berg, Eric R. Morgan, Katherine L. Buchanan, James K. Bowmaker, and Andrew T. D. Bennett. "Avian retinal oil droplets: dietary manipulation of colour vision?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1683 (November 25, 2009): 953–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1805.
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Avian vision is highly developed, with bird retinas containing rod and double-cone photoreceptors, plus four classes of single cones subserving tetrachromatic colour vision. Cones contain an oil droplet, rich in carotenoid pigments (except VS/ultraviolet-sensitive cones), that acts as a filter, substantially modifying light detected by the photoreceptor. Using dietary manipulations, we tested the effects of carotenoid availability on oil droplet absorbance properties in two species: Platycercus elegans and Taeniopygia guttata . Using microspectrophotometry, we determined whether manipulations affected oil droplet carotenoid concentration and whether changes would alter colour discrimination ability. In both species, increases in carotenoid concentration were found in carotenoid-supplemented birds, but only in the double cones. Magnitudes of effects of manipulations were often dependent on retinal location. The study provides, to our knowledge, the first experimental evidence of dietary intake over a short time period affecting carotenoid concentration of retinal oil droplets. Moreover, the allocation of carotenoids to the retina by both species is such that the change potentially preserves the spectral tuning of colour vision. Our study generates new insights into retinal regulation of carotenoid concentration of oil droplets, an area about which very little is known, with implications for our understanding of trade-offs in carotenoid allocation in birds.
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Meng, Zhi-Jun, Jing Zhang, Xu Deng, Ji Liu, Ziyi Yu, and Chris Abell. "Bioinspired hydrogel microfibres colour-encoded with colloidal crystals." Materials Horizons 6, no. 9 (2019): 1938–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9mh00528e.
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Guest, Steve, and Darren Van Laar. "The Effect of Name Category and Discriminability on the Search Characteristics of Colour Sets." Perception 31, no. 4 (April 2002): 445–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3134.
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Within (and between) cultures, people tend to agree on which parts of colour space are easiest to name and what the names for these regions are. Therefore it is likely that the manipulation of ease of naming (nameability) of colours should change performance in tasks where categorisation by colour name is important. More specifically, highly ‘nameable’ colour sets should lead to better performance than metrically equivalent but less categorically distinct sets, when the task requires categorisation. This hypothesis was investigated by testing observers on a name-based task, the naming and subsequent identification by name of colour sets with up to sixteen members. These sets were designed to be easy to name (nameable), maximally discriminable, or matched discriminable. The first were derived from previously generated data, the second by a standard algorithm to space colours widely in colour space, and the latter by closely matching their metric characteristics to those of an easy-to-name colour set. This final condition was metrically (but not categorically) equivalent to the nameable set. It was found that sets designed to be nameable did indeed lead to superior performance as measured by response times, confidence ratings, and response accuracy. Perceptual colour similarity, measured by a ΔE metric, did not predict errors. Nameability may thus be a valid, manipulable, aspect of sets of colours, and one which is not otherwise duplicated in the metric characteristics of such sets.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Colour manipulation"
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Cook, Anthony John. "Digital image processing using colour space transformation." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323433.
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The purpose of the work is to explore the feasibility of devising a computer system that implements the desirable effects of a photographic filter and provides an environment for colour filter design for image processing. Using conversion from RGB to the CIELUV colour space a new method for the implementation of photographic filter as a digital filter is described. A filter is implemented by converting image pixel rgb values into CIELUV (u', v') and L* values and operates using the visual wavelength values provided by the (u', v') chromaticity diagram. However, the (u', v') diagram cannot provide wavelength values for pixels that correspond to (u', v') points in the `purple line' sector of the diagram. These pixels are allocated wavelengths by means of a new wavelengths scale that makes it possible for the filter to process any pixel in a digital image. Filter transmittance data for visual spectrum wavelengths is obtained from published tables. The transmittance data for purple sector pixels is provided by a colour model of the (u', v') chromaticity diagram. The system is evaluated by means of the Macbeth ColorChecker chart and the use of physical measurements. The extension of the CIELUV diagram with an equivalent wavelength scale provides a new environment for the enhancement and manipulation of digital colour images.
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Marais, Evelyn. "Postharvest manipulation of fruit colour in apples and pears." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51878.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Red colour development on bi-coloured apples and pears ensures better prices for producers. The use of postharvest irradiation to improve colour has been successful on apples, and the objectives of this thesis were to optimise conditions during irradiation for apples and to evaluate the effects of irradiation on pears. 'Cripp's Pink' apples responded to postharvest irradiation with high-pressure sodium (HPS) lights by developing a red blush, whereas the response to irradiation with UV 8 plus incandescent lights was less effective. '8raeburn' apples held at -0.5°C for 4 or 8 weeks prior to irradiation showed a decrease in hue angle and an increase in anthocyanin concentration after 72 hours of irradiation with HPS lamps. In 'Forelle' pears treated in the same way, neither colour development nor anthocyanin synthesis was affected by irradiation. '8raeburn' and 'Cripp's Pink' apples picked weekly for 5 weeks until the optimum harvest date were irradiated with HPS lights. A significant increase in fruit colour was only measured in mature fruit of both cultivars. 'Cripp's Pink' apples were harvested from two production areas with different microclimates, namely, Ceres and Grabouw, and stored for 0, 2 or 5 days at -0.5 °C before irradiation for 120 hours at either 6°C or 20°C. Fruit from Ceres that were irradiated immediately after harvest developed better colour at 6 °C than at 20°C. The differences between fruit irradiated at the two temperatures were no longer significant after 5 days of cold storage prior to irradiation. Fruit from Grabouw consistently developed better colour when irradiated at 6°C than at 20°C. Colour development slightly after 5 days of cold storage prior to irradiation. In another experiment, fruit from both areas were stored at -0.5°C for 20 days before irradiation at either 6°C or 6/20°C. The fluctuating temperature regime resulted in decreases in hue angle of 70° and 65° for the fruit from Grabouw and Ceres, respectively. The decreases were smaller (±200) when fruit were irradiated at 6°C. The hue angle value of well-coloured 'Cripp's Pink' apples held at 3rC under HPS lights for 144 hours increased from 29.3° to 48.3°, and anthocyanin concentration decreased from 739.9 IJg·g·1to 283.6 IJg·g·1. Control fruit held at the same temperature in the dark did not show any change in hue angle value or anthocyanin concentration. 'Bon Rouge' and 'Red d' Anjou', two full red pear cultivars, irradiated with HPS lights for 72 hours, showed no significant changes in hue angle. 'Forelle' pears, harvested with or without attached leaves, were irradiated with HPS at two temperature regimes, 20°C and 200/6°C. The resulting decreases in hue angle were attributed to yellowing and not red colour formation. In conclusion, the response of apples to postharvest irradiation was affected by maturity and temperature, while pears failed to respond at all.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Rooikleurontwikkeling van twee-kleur appels en pere verseker beter pryse vir die produsente. Na-oesbestraling om kleur te verbeter is al suksesvol uitgevoer op appels, en die doelwit van hierdie tesis was om die kondisies vir appels gedurende bestraling te optimaliseer en om die effek van bestraling op pere te evalueer. 'Cripp's Pink' appels het reageer op na-oesbestraling met hoëdruk-natriumligte (HDN) deur 'n rooi blos te ontwikkel, terwyl die reaksie op bestraling met UV-B plus gloeilamplig minder effektief was. 'Braebum' appels opgeberg by -O.5aC vir 4 of 8 weke voor bestraling het 'n afname in die kleurskakeringswaarde getoon, asook 'n toename in antosianienkonsentrasie na 72 uur se bestraling met HDN ligte. 'Forelle' pere wat dieselfde behandeling ontvang het, het geen kleurontwikkeling en geen antosianienontwikkeling getoon na bestraling nie. 'Braebum' en 'Cripp's Pink' appels wat weekliks geoes is vir 5 weke tot die optimum oesdatum is bestraal met HDN ligte. Slegs die volwasse vrugte van beide kultivars het 'n betekenisvolle toename in kleur getoon. 'Cripp's Pink' appels is geoes in twee produksie areas met verskillende mikroklimate, naamlik Ceres en Grabouw. Vrugte is opgeberg vir 0, 2 of 5 dae by -O.5aC voor bestraling vir 120 uur by of 6aC of 20aC. Vrugte van Ceres wat onmiddellik na oes bestraal is het beter kleur ontwikkel by 6aC as by 20aC. Kleurontwikkeling by vrugte bestraal by 6 of 20aC het nie verskil wanneer vrugte vooraf opgeberg was by -~5ac vir 5 dae nie. Vrugte van Grabouw het konstant beter kleur pntwikkel wanneer bestraling by 6°C eerder as 20°C plaasgevind het. In die volgende eksperiment, was beide die vrugte van Ceres en Grabouw vir 20 dae opgeberg by -o.soC voor bestraling by 6°C of 6°/20°C. Die flukturerende temperatuur regime het afnames van 70° en 65° in kleurskakeringswaarde getoon vir die vrugte van Grabouw en Ceres, respektiewelik. Die afname was kleiner (±200)wanneer vrugte by 6°C bestraal is. 'Cripp's Pink' appels wat goed gekleur was en opgeberg is by 3rC terwyl dit blootgestel is aan HDN ligte vir 144 uur, het 'n toename van 29.30 tot 48.3° getoon vir die kleurskakeringswaarde, en antosianienkonsentrasie het afgeneem van 739 I'g.g-1 tot 283.6 I1g.g-1. Die kontrole vrugte opgeberg by dieselfde temperatuur in die donker het geen verandering in beide die kleurskakeringswaarde of die antosianienkonsentrasie getoon nie. 'Bon Rouge' en 'Red d' Anjou', twee volrooi peerkultivars, is bestraal met HDN ligte vir 72 uur en het geen betekenisvolle verandering in kleur getoon nie. 'Forelle' pere, geoes met of sonder 'n aangehegte stingelsegment, is bestraal met HDN ligte by twee verskillende temperatuur regimes, nl. 20°C of 20/6°C. Die afname in kleurskakeringswaarde is aan vergeling toegeskryf eerder as aan rooikleurontwikkeling. Ter opsomming, die reaksie van appels op na-oes bestraling is beïnvloed deur rypheid en temperatuur, terwyl pere geen reaksie getoon het nie.
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Strydom, Janéne. "Canopy manipulation practices for optimum colour of redglobe (V.Vinifera L.) /." Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1228.
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Strydom, Janene. "Canopy manipulation practices for optimum colour of redglobe (V.Vinifera L.)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2784.
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Thesis (MscAgric (Viticulture and Oenology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.Under certain South African conditions, Redglobe develops a colour that is too dark and thus unacceptable for the Far Eastern markets. These markets require a pink colour instead of a dark red colour. The cultivation of grapes with an acceptable colour involves amongst other, canopy management practices. This generally includes the removal of leaves and/or lateral shoots. Hereby, the leaf area and the microclimatic conditions in the canopy are altered. The aim of this study was to test the usefulness of leaf and lateral shoot removal at different defoliation times after anthesis in order to obtain a pink coloured Redglobe crop. Other quality aspects, namely total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), berry mass and total yield, were also evaluated. A canopy management trial was conducted on six year old Redglobe vines with moderate vigour. The treatment design was a 2 x 3 x 4 factorial and involved two leaf removal (L) levels (L0 = 0% leaf removal; L33 = 33% leaf removal) in combination with three lateral shoot removal (LS) levels (LS0 = 0 % lateral shoot removal; LS50 = 50% lateral shoot removal; LS100 = 100% lateral shoot removal). Four defoliation times (DT) were selected: 36 (pea berry size), 69 (véraison), 76 (one week after véraison) and 83 (two weeks after véraison) days after anthesis (DAA). A total of 24 treatment combinations, replicated in four blocks, were applied. Generally, treatment combinations involving 33% leaf removal lowered the main shoot leaf area. Likewise, the lateral shoot leaf area was decreased by increasing levels of lateral shoot removal at any defoliation time. As expected, 33% leaf removal applied in combination with any level of lateral shoot removal, always resulted in a lower total vine leaf area compared to where 0% leaf removal was part of the treatment combination. Compensation reactions occurred and in this regard the main shoot leaf size increased due to 33% leaf removal applied at 1 week after véraison and 2 weeks after véraison. Treatment combinations involving lateral shoot removal increased the ratio of main shoot leaf area to the total leaf area. On the other hand, the main shoot leaf area percentage was lowered by the application of 33% leaf removal at 2 weeks after véraison compared to no leaf removal at the same defoliation time. It can therefore be assumed that the contribution of lateral shoot leaves to grape composition might have increased in cases where the main shoot leaf area was lowered at a later stage (e.g. 2 weeks after véraison). The bunches were visually evaluated and divided into classes from dark (class one) to light (class nine). This visual bunch evaluation showed that the mean bunch colour was in class three (lighter than class two) due to the defoliation time. The lateral shoot removal x leaf removal interaction resulted in a mean bunch colour that was in classes 2 and 3. However, within these classes, there was a tendency that bunch colour decreased for defoliation times later than pea berry size. The lateral shoot removal x leaf removal interactions showed that bunch colour was darker when the treatment combinations involved 0% leaf removal. The percentage of bunches with the desired colour was increased by application of the treatments at véraison, compared to the other defoliation times, and also with 50% lateral shoot removal and 100% lateral shoot removal compared to 0% lateral shoot removal. Biochemical analyses confirmed that increased levels of lateral shoot removal generally lowered the anthocyanin concentration regardless of defoliation time. A similar effect on TSS was observed, i.e. from véraison onwards, the application of 50% lateral shoot removal and 100% lateral shoot removal tended to lower TSS. The effect of these levels of lateral shoot removal at véraison was significant. The role of the lateral shoots in colour development and sugar accumulation is therefore emphasized. Furthermore, the special role that lateral shoots also play in berry development is illustrated in that berry mass tended to decrease when 100% lateral shoot removal in combination with 33% leaf removal and 100% lateral shoot removal in combination with 0% leaf removal were applied at véraison. This, together with the positive relationship obtained between grape colour and the lateral shoot leaf area:fruit mass ratio, accentuates the role of active leaf area during the ripening period. The possible effect of the microclimatic light environment on colour must also be considered. However, although the light intensity increased with increased levels of LS, the colour that was obtained was probably not associated with the differences in light intensity. It was found that it is possible to manipulate the colour of Redglobe grapes with defoliation treatments. However, the treatments that have a decreasing effect on grape colour also affected other quality parameters like TSS and berry size negatively. Although, it is possible to reduce the colour of Redglobe through the application of leaf and lateral shoot removal at different defoliation times, the question arises whether the treatment combinations used in this study are worthwhile to pursue because the mean bunch colour that was obtained was still too dark. However, it was possible to increase the percentage of bunches with the desired colour. Therefore, if such treatments are applied, it must be approached cautiously, keeping in mind that assimilate supply has to be sustained throughout the ripening period.
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Tiengtum, Pimol. "Towards the genetic manipulation of flower colour in Petunia and Curcuma." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269714.
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Bell, Pauline. "Manipulation of lipogenase activity in durum wheat for the improvement of pasta colour." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398693.
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Imram, Nazlin Binte. "Sensory perception and manipulation of colour and appearance attributes in formulated dairy dessert gels." Thesis, Open University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298169.
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Asp, Kajsa. "Transmission : Changing atmospheres of a room through textile printing technique and fabric manipulation." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-24035.
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This work places itself within the field of textile design and atmospheric design. The primary motive is to integrate and broaden the two fields by developing design proposals in textile design. The aim is to explore how to change the atmosphere of a space through the use of fabric manipulations, surface patterns, colours, light and shadow. The design method consisted of material explorations, light and shadow experiments, design of surface patterns, heat transfer print and pleating techniques. Colours were tested in combination with lights. The result is a collection of three textile dividers of space that by the impact of light change the current atmosphere in public spaces, and by doing so, the perception and mood are changed. The value of this work is to show design potentials for new expressional possibilities, a new approach to merge the fields of textile design and atmospheric design.
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Begum, Mahmuda. "Habitat manipulation to enhance biological control of light brown apple moth (Epiphyas Postvittana)." University of Sydney. Rural Management, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/690.
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Trichogramma carverae Oatman and Pinto is mass-released for biological control of the leafroller pest, light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) in Australian vineyards. Parasitoid performance can, however, be constrained by a lack of suitable adult food and no information is available on the effect of nectar on the parasitism and longevity of T. carverae. To address this, the effect of alyssum, Lobularia maritima (L.) flowers on E. postvittana parasitism was studied in a vineyard experiment with and without releases of T. carverae. Egg parasitoid activity was assessed with E. postvittana egg �sentinel cards� and no parasitism was recorded in plots without T. carverae releases. Where T. carverae were released, there was no significant enhancement of parasitism by the presence of L. maritima flowers. Three hypotheses were subsequently tested to account for the lack of an effect: (i) T. carverae does not benefit from L. maritima nectar, (ii) T. carverae was feeding on nectar from other flowering plants (weeds) present in the vineyard, (iii) T. carverae was feeding on sugars from ripe grapes. A growth-cabinet experiment using potted L. maritima plants with and without flowers did not support hypothesis one. No parasitism was recorded after day two for T. carverae caged without flowers whilst parasitism occured until day eight in the presence of flowers. A laboratory experiment with common vineyard weeds (Trifolium repens, Hypochoeris radicata, Echium plantagineum) as well as L. maritima did not support hypothesis one but gave partial support to hypothesis two. Survival of T. carverae was enhanced to a small but statistically significant extent in vials with intact flowers of L. maritima, white clover (T. repens) and catsear (H. radicata) but not in vials with flowering shoots of these species from which flowers and flowering buds had been removed. Paterson�s curse (E. plantagineum) flowers had no effect on T. carverae survival. In a laboratory study, punctured grapes significantly enhanced T. carverae survival compared with a treatment without grapes, supporting hypothesis three. Trichogramma carverae performance in the field experiment was probably also constrained by relatively cool and wet weather. Further work on the enhancement of T. carverae efficacy by L. maritima and other carbohydrate sources is warranted. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to investigate whether T. carverae benefit from different groundcover plant species. Ten T. carverae adults (<24h after eclosion) were caged with different groundcover species and a control with no plant materials. Epiphyas postvittana egg sentinel cards were used to measure parasitism and longevity was recorded visually. Survival and realised parasitism of T. carverae was significantly higher in L. maritima than in Brassica juncea, Coriandrum sativum, shoots of these species from which flowers had been removed and nil control treatments. A similar experiment with Fagopyrum esculentum (with- and without-flowers) and a control treatment showed that survival was significantly higher in intact F. esculentum than in without-flower and control treatments. There was no significant treatment effect on parasitism in the early stages of that experiment, though parasitism was recorded in the presence of F. esculentum flowers for 12 days, compared with 6 days in other treatments. Higher parasitism was observed in intact Borago officinalis than in the flowerless shoot, water only and no plant material control treatments in a third experiment. There was no significant treatment effect on parasitism. Fitted exponential curves for survival data differed significantly in curvature in the first, second and third experiments but the slope was a non-significant parameter in the second and third experiments. In a second series of laboratory experiments, one male and one female T. carverae were caged with groundcover species to investigate male and female longevity and daily fecundity. Both male and female longevity in F. esculentum and L. maritima treatments were significantly higher than on shoots of these species from which flowers had been removed, and than in the control treatments. Daily fecundity was significantly greater in the intact L. maritima treatment than in all other treatments. Fitted exponential curves for daily fecundity differed significantly in position and slope but not in curvature. There was no significant treatment effect on longevity or parasitism when a male and female were caged with intact B. juncea, B. officinalis or without-flower of these species, nor in the treatment with no plant materials. No parasitism was observed in a survey of naturally occurring egg parasitoids on two sites close to Orange and Canowindra in New South Wales, illustrating the importance of mass releases of T. carverae in biological control of E. postvittana. In an experiment on the Canowindra site, parasitism was significantly higher on day one and day two after T. carverae release when with-flower treatments were compared with without-flower treatments. Parasitism was significantly higher in the F. esculentum treatment than in C. sativum, L. maritima, vegetation without-flowers and control treatments on these dates. On day five, parasitism was higher in C. sativum than in all other treatments. There was no significant increase in parasitism in a second experiment conducted on the Orange site. Coriandrum sativum, F. esculentum and L. maritima appear to be suitable adult food sources for T. carverae and offer some scope for habitat manipulation in vineyards The adults of many parasitoid species require nectar for optimal fitness but very little is known about flower recognition. Flight cage experiments showed that the adults of T. carverae benefited from L. maritima bearing white flowers to a greater extent than was the case for light pink, dark pink or purple flowered cultivars, despite all cultivars producing nectar. Survival and realised parasitism on non-white flowers were no greater than when the parasitoids were caged on L. maritima shoots from which flowers had been removed. The possibility that differences between L. maritima cultivars were due to factors other than flower colour, such as nectar quality, was excluded by dyeing white L. maritima flowers by placing the roots of the plants in 5% food dye (blue or pink) solution. Survival of T. carverae was lower on dyed L. maritima flowers than on undyed white flowers. Mixing the same dyes with honey in a third experiment conducted in the dark showed that the low level of feeding on dyed flowers was unlikely to be the result of olfactory or gustatory cues. Flower colour appears, therefore, to be a critical factor in the choice of plants used to enhance biological control, and is likely to also be a factor in the role parasitoids play in structuring invertebrate communities. Provision of nectar producing plants to increase the effectiveness of biological control is one aspect of habitat manipulation, but care needs to be taken to avoid the use of plant species that may benefit pest species. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate whether the adult E. postvittana and larvae benefit from nectar producing groundcover species. Newly emerged E. postvittana adults were caged with different groundcover species and a honey-based artificial adult diet. The longevity of male and female E. postvittana when caged with shoots of borage (B. officinalis) and buckwheat (F. esculentum) bearing flowers was as long as when fed a honey-based artificial diet. This effect was not evident when caged with shoots of these plants from which flowers had been removed. Longevity was significantly lower than in the artificial diet treatment when caged with coriander (C. sativum) or alyssum (L. maritima) irrespective of whether flowers were present or not. There was no significant treatment effect on the lifetime fecundity of E. postvittana. A second experiment with mustard (B. juncea) (with- and without-flowers), water only and honey-based artificial adult diet showed no significant treatment effects on the longevity of male and female E. postvittana or on the lifetime fecundity of E. postvittana. The anomalous lack of a difference between the water and honey-based diet treatments precludes making conclusions on the value of B. juncea for E. postvittana. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of groundcover species on the larval development of E. postvittana. In the first experiment, larval mortality was significantly higher in C. sativum, and L. maritima than in B. juncea, B. officinalis and white clover (T. repens) a known host of E. postvittana. Coriandrum sativum and L. maritima extended the larval period. In B. juncea and B. officinalis, mortality did not differ from that in T. repens. In F. esculentum, larval mortality was significantly higher than in T. repens. A short larval period was observed on B. juncea, B. officinalis and F. esculentum. Fitted exponential curves for larval mortality differed significantly in curvature between plant treatments. Similarly, successful pupation was significantly lower in C. sativum, F. esculentum and L. maritima than in T. repens. The percentage of successful pupation in B. juncea and B. officinalis did not differ from F. esculentum and T. repens. Fitted exponential curves for pupation differed significantly in curvature. A similar trend was observed in a second experiment with potted plants. The overall results suggest that C. sativum and L. maritima denied benefit to E. postvittana adults and larvae, so could be planted as vineyard groundcover with minimal risk of exacerbating this pest. Overall results suggest that T. carverae require nutrients to reach their full reproductive potential and flowers provide such nutrients. Lobularia maritima and C. sativum may be considered �selective food plants� for T. carverae whereas F. esculentum appears to be a �non-selective food plant�; both T. carverae and E. postvittana benefited from it. Fruits such as grapes can be used as food resources in habitat manipulation and this merits further research. This result also suggests that within species flower colour is an important factor for flower selection in habitat manipulation.
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Nordberg, Rickard. "Subliminal priming : Manipulation till att välja en specifik kulör på plastpåse." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-24822.
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Primad information är lättare tillgängligt i minnet och kan således lättare bli igenkänt. Förutsättningar för priming är bland annat subliminal perception, mål, tillförlitlighet, icke vaksamt och icke vanemässigt. Studiens syfte är att få bredare förståelse gällande subliminal primings påverkan. Frågeställningen var om kunder i en affär kan manipuleras, primas, till att ta en specifik kulör på plastpåse vid kassan samt om det finns någon könsskillnad vid effekten av priming. Deltagarna var 490 kunder, varav 333 män. Två olika skyltar med olika kulörer placerades vid kassan. Det noterades om kunderna valde den primade kulören på plastpåse eller inte. Kontrollgruppen bestod av 117 personer och dessa fick inte se någon skylt. Resultatet visade en signifikant skillnad, deltagarna valde samma kulör på plastpåse som skylten. Inga könsskillnader påträffades. Forskning visar att primingeffekter kan motstridas genom att individen gör sig medveten av potentiell omedveten påverkan.Primed information is more accessible in memory and can thus easily be recognized. Prerequisites for priming include subliminal perception, goals, reliability, non alert and non habitually. The study aims to gain broader understanding regarding subliminal primings influence. The purpose of this thesis was to see whether the customers in a store could be manipulated, primed, to take a specific colour on plastic bags at checkout and if there are any gender differences in the effect of priming. Participants were 490 customers, of whom 333 men. Two different signs with different colours were placed at the checkout. It was noted if customers chose the primed colour of the plastic bag or not. The results showed a significant difference, the participants chose the same colour on the plastic bag as the sign. No gender differences were found. Research shows that priming effects can be opposed if people make themselves aware of potential unconscious influences.
Books on the topic "Colour manipulation"
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McGoldrick, Catherine. Investigation of manipulation of colour, product involvement and product type in printadvertising. (s.l: The Author), 1996.
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Brickey, Homer. Master manipulator. New York: American Management Association, 1985.
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Bennett, Dj. The machine embroidery handbook: Designing fabrics with stitching, manipulation, & color. Asheville, N.C: Lark Books, 1997.
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Margulis, Dan. Professional Photoshop: Color correction, retouching, and image manipulation with Adobe Photoshop. New York: Wiley, 1995.
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McAllister, Robin B. Scanning and image manipulation: For preparers of desktop published documents for printing. Albany: Delmar Publishers, 1997.
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The book of photography. London: DK Pub., 2005.
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The Machine Embroidery Handbook: Designing with Stitching, Manipulation & Color. Lark Books, 2001.
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Margulis, Dan. Professional Photoshop: Color Correction, Retouching, and Image Manipulation With Adobe Photoshop. John Wiley & Sons Inc (Computers), 1994.
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Pathways to Print: Scanning and Image Manipulation (Pathways to Print). Cengage Delmar Learning, 1996.
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The Red Canary. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Colour manipulation"
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van Tunen, A. J., and J. N. M. Mol. "Control of flavonoid synthesis and manipulation of flower colour." In Developmental Regulation of Plant Gene Expression, 94–130. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3052-3_4.
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Brown, Derek H. "Color Manipulation and Comparative Color." In The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Animal Minds, 76–85. 1 [edition]. | New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge handbooks in philosophy: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315742250-8.
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Murch, Gerald M., and Joann M. Taylor. "Color in Computer Graphics: Manipulating and Matching Color." In Advances in Computer Graphics V, 19–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61340-1_2.
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Battiato, Sebastiano, Dario Catalano, Giovanni Gallo, and Rosario Gennaro. "Robust Watermarking for Images Based on Color Manipulation." In Information Hiding, 302–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10719724_21.
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Deng, Fanbo, Seon Joo Kim, Yu-Wing Tai, and Michael S. Brown. "Color-Aware Regularization for Gradient Domain Image Manipulation." In Computer Vision – ACCV 2012, 392–405. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37447-0_30.
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Millan, Giuliano, Anas Salah Eddin, Jinjun Xiong, Wen-Mei Hwu, and Mohamed El-Hadedy. "Relationship Between Facial Recognition, Color Spaces, and Basic Image Manipulation." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 844–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63092-8_56.
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Hernandez-Ortega, Javier, Ruben Tolosana, Julian Fierrez, and Aythami Morales. "DeepFakes Detection Based on Heart Rate Estimation: Single- and Multi-frame." In Handbook of Digital Face Manipulation and Detection, 255–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_12.
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AbstractThis chapter describes a DeepFake detection framework based on physiological measurement. In particular, we consider information related to the heart rate using remote photoplethysmography (rPPG). rPPG methods analyze video sequences looking for subtle color changes in the human skin, revealing the presence of human blood under the tissues. This chapter explores to what extent rPPG is useful for the detection of DeepFake videos. We analyze the recent fake detector named DeepFakesON-Phys that is based on a Convolutional Attention Network (CAN), which extracts spatial and temporal information from video frames, analyzing and combining both sources to better detect fake videos. DeepFakesON-Phys has been experimentally evaluated using the latest public databases in the field: Celeb-DF v2 and DFDC. The results achieved for DeepFake detection based on a single frame are over 98% AUC (Area Under the Curve) on both databases, proving the success of fake detectors based on physiological measurement to detect the latest DeepFake videos. In this chapter, we also propose and study heuristical and statistical approaches for performing continuous DeepFake detection by combining scores from consecutive frames with low latency and high accuracy (100% on the Celeb-DF v2 evaluation dataset). We show that combining scores extracted from short-time video sequences can improve the discrimination power of DeepFakesON-Phys.
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Jorgensen, Richard, and Joseph Mol. "Modulation of Flower Color and its Intensity via Directed Gene Manipulation." In Genetics and Breeding of Ornamental Species, 309–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3296-1_16.
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Spreeuwers, Luuk, Maikel Schils, Raymond Veldhuis, and Una Kelly. "Practical Evaluation of Face Morphing Attack Detection Methods." In Handbook of Digital Face Manipulation and Detection, 351–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_16.
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AbstractFace morphing is a technique to combine facial images of two (or more) subjects such that the result resembles both subjects. In a morphing attack, this is exploited by, e.g., applying for a passport with the morphed image. Both subjects who contributed to the morphed image can then travel using this passport. Many state-of-the-art face recognition systems are vulnerable to morphing attacks. Morphing attack detection (MAD) methods are developed to mitigate this threat. MAD methods published in literature are often trained on a limited number of or even a single dataset where all morphed faces are created using the same procedure. The resulting MAD methods work well for these specific datasets, with reported detection rates of over 99%, but their performance collapses for face morphs created using other procedures. Often even simple image manipulations, like adding noise or smoothing cause a serious degradation in performance of the MAD methods. In addition, more advanced tools exist to manipulate the face morphs, like manual retouching or morphing artifacts can be concealed by printing and scanning a photograph (as used in the passport application process in many countries). Furthermore, datasets for training and testing MAD methods are often created by morphing images from arbitrary subjects including even male-female morphs and morphs between subjects with different skin color. Although this may result in a large number of morphed faces, the created morphs are often not convincing and certainly don’t represent a best effort attack by a criminal. A far more realistic attack would include careful selection of subjects that look alike and create high quality morphs from images of these subjects using careful (manual) post-processing. In this chapter we therefore argue that for robust evaluation of MAD methods, we require datasets with morphed images created using a large number of different morphing methods, including various ways to conceal the morphing artifacts by, e.g., adding noise, smoothing, printing and scanning, various ways of pre- and post-processing, careful selection of the subjects and multiple facial datasets. We also show the sensitivity of various MAD methods to the mentioned variations and the effect of training MAD methods on multiple datasets.
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Burkert, Patrick, Benjamin Schaufler, and Jan-Niklas Voigt-Antons. "ColorTable: Manipulating Tasting Experiences, Impact of Light Color on Food Flavor Perception." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 595–601. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19679-9_75.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Colour manipulation"
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Montagna, Roberto, and Graham D. Finlayson. "Reducing integrability artefacts for data fusion through colour space manipulation." In 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, ICCV Workshops. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457521.
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Mei, Ryan, William Panitch, and Laura Waller. "3-D Localization of Micromanipulators Using Microscopy for Autonomous Visual Servoing." In 3D Image Acquisition and Display: Technology, Perception and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/3d.2022.jw5c.1.
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We rapidly determine the 3-D position of a glass-pipette micromanipulator using color-coded illumination and optical microscopy, and demonstrate its potential for autonomous visual servoing and multi-manipulator systems for highly parallelized cell manipulation.
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Kovačević, Dorotea, Maja Brozović, and Dubravko Banić. "Applying graphic design principles on tea packaging." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p64.
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The aesthetic aspect of product packaging is a well-known factor in attracting consumers’ attention. One of the most common ways in achieving the aesthetic appearance of the packaging is applying graphic design principles. The purpose of the study was to explore how people perceive the attractiveness of tea packaging with different levels of graphic design principles applied. The graphic design principles applied on the packaging were: contrast, dominance, alignment, symmetry, consistency and colour harmony. The manipulation of these principles resulted in three different packaging samples that were tested: aesthetic packaging, partially-aesthetic packaging and non-aesthetic packaging. The participants’ tasks were to rate the attractiveness of each of the packaging samples and to select the one which they would like to buy. The statistical analysis showed that the results of both tests (rating and choice task) were consistent, indicating that the aesthetic packaging was appreciated the most, followed by the partially-aesthetic packaging and the non-aesthetic packaging. These results were the same even when taking into account whether the beauty of the packaging was important to the participants or not. The findings support the idea of using graphic design principles in packaging design whenever applicable.
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Zak, Monika, Bruno Laeng, and Joschua T. Simon-Liedtke. "Can the recognition of emotional expressions be enhanced by manipulating facial skin color?" In 2015 Colour and Visual Computing Symposium (CVCS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvcs.2015.7274897.
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Shinoda, Hiroyuki, and Mitsuo Ikeda. "Transition between color contrast and assimilation by perceived size manipulation." In 9th Congress of the International Color Association, edited by Robert Chung and Allan Rodrigues. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.464622.
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Shapira, Lior, Daniel Cohen-Or, Lior Gavish, and Ariel Shamir. "Model-based color manipulation." In SIGGRAPH07: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1280720.1280792.
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Mauderer, Michael, David R. Flatla, and Miguel A. Nacenta. "Gaze-Contingent Manipulation of Color Perception." In CHI'16: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858320.
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Amano, Toshiyuki. "Adaptive Appearance Manipulation for the Installation Art." In JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2017.6a_a409_5.
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The optical feedback system that consists of a video projector and a camera enables appearance manipulation, which manipulates apparent color, and brightness, etc., with adaptive radiometric compensation and it affects our material perception. Its application field includes the visual inspection, assistance for visual impairment, optical illusion, and installation art.
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Mateescu, Victor A., and Ivan V. Bajić. "Attention Retargeting by Color Manipulation in Images." In the 1st International Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2662996.2663009.
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Oliver, William R. "Artificial life approach to color contrast manipulation." In Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security, edited by Kathleen Higgins. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.334527.
Full textReports on the topic "Colour manipulation"
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Chou, Roger, Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Ian Blazina, Erika Brodt, David I. Buckley, Tamara P. Cheney, et al. Treatments for Acute Pain: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer240.
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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of opioid, nonopioid pharmacologic, and nonpharmacologic therapy in patients with specific types of acute pain, including effects on pain, function, quality of life, adverse events, and long-term use of opioids. Data sources. Electronic databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) to August 2020, reference lists, and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of outpatient therapies for eight acute pain conditions: low back pain, neck pain, other musculoskeletal pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain following discharge, dental pain (surgical or nonsurgical), pain due to kidney stones, and pain due to sickle cell disease. Meta-analyses were conducted on pharmacologic therapy for dental pain and kidney stone pain, and likelihood of repeat or rescue medication use and adverse events. The magnitude of effects was classified as small, moderate, or large using previously defined criteria, and strength of evidence was assessed. Results. One hundred eighty-three RCTs on the comparative effectiveness of therapies for acute pain were included. Opioid therapy was probably less effective than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for surgical dental pain and kidney stones, and might be similarly effective as NSAIDs for low back pain. Opioids and NSAIDs were more effective than acetaminophen for surgical dental pain, but opioids were less effective than acetaminophen for kidney stone pain. For postoperative pain, opioids were associated with increased likelihood of repeat or rescue analgesic use, but effects on pain intensity were inconsistent. Being prescribed an opioid for acute low back pain or postoperative pain was associated with increased likelihood of use of opioids at long-term followup versus not being prescribed, based on observational studies. Heat therapy was probably effective for acute low back pain, spinal manipulation might be effective for acute back pain with radiculopathy, acupressure might be effective for acute musculoskeletal pain, an opioid might be effective for acute neuropathic pain, massage might be effective for some types of postoperative pain, and a cervical collar or exercise might be effective for acute neck pain with radiculopathy. Most studies had methodological limitations. Effect sizes were primarily small to moderate for pain, the most commonly evaluated outcome. Opioids were associated with increased risk of short-term adverse events versus NSAIDs or acetaminophen, including any adverse event, nausea, dizziness, and somnolence. Serious adverse events were uncommon for all interventions, but studies were not designed to assess risk of overdose, opioid use disorder, or long-term harms. Evidence on how benefits or harms varied in subgroups was lacking. Conclusions. Opioid therapy was associated with decreased or similar effectiveness as an NSAID for some acute pain conditions, but with increased risk of short-term adverse events. Evidence on nonpharmacological therapies was limited, but heat therapy, spinal manipulation, massage, acupuncture, acupressure, a cervical collar, and exercise were effective for specific acute pain conditions. Research is needed to determine the comparative effectiveness of therapies for sickle cell pain, acute neuropathic pain, neck pain, and management of postoperative pain following discharge; effects of therapies for acute pain on non-pain outcomes; effects of therapies on long-term outcomes, including long-term opioid use; and how benefits and harms of therapies vary in subgroups.
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Hefetz, Abraham, and Gene Robinson. Hormonal and Pheromonal Regulation of Reproduction in the Bumble Bee Bombus terrestris. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568775.bard.
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Bombus terrestris constitute important pollinators of greenhouse crops. In Israel the species utilized is, whose colonies are reared commercially. This is a primitively social species with a particular colony development. It encompasses two social phases: a eusocial phase in which the queen dominates reproduction, and a competition phase in which workers compete with the queen for the parentage of males. These workers are distinguished by accelerated ovarian development, high production of JH, and elevated levels of dopamine in the brain. Queen-worker conflict is also manifested in overt aggression among all members of the nest. High aggression is correlated with dominance status of the bees and is also correlated with octopamine levels in the brain. After verifying that JH III is the only JH produced by the bees and validating the assay for its measurements (RCA & RIA), we used JH as an indicator of worker reproduction. Queens taken from colonies both before and after the competition phase were equally effective in inhibiting worker reproduction. Moreover, there is only a narrow window, around the competition point, in which workers may have the opportunity to initiate reproduction. Before that point they are inhibited by the dominant queen, while after that point both the queen and those workers with accelerated ovarian development exert strong inhibition on worker nest mates. Thus, "queen dominance deterioration" is not the primary cause in eliciting the queen-worker conflict. Queens convey their presence by means of a chemical signal that is extractable in organic solvent and that is normally spread on the cuticle. Total body extract and body washes, applied on dead virgin queens, were able to inhibit the release of JHin vitro in queenless workers. However, none of the prominent exocrine gland investigated mimicked this function. It is possible that the source of the putative pheromone is an unknown gland, or that it emanates from an assembly of glands. Chemical analyses of the prominent glands revealed a plethora of compounds the function of which should be further investigated. Understanding the social behavior of B. terrestris paves the way to facilitate colony manipulation and to adjust the colonies for specific pollination requirements.
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Rinkevich, Baruch, and Cynthia Hunter. Inland mariculture of reef corals amenable for the ornamental trade. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695880.bard.
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The worldwide market for ornamental saltwater invertebrates supplies the needs of millions of aquarium hobbyists, public exhibitions (i.e., zoos) universities and research institutions. With respect to reef building corals, it is estimated that more than half a million coral colonies/year from a total 93 genera, were exported globally during the period of 1985-1997. International value of retail sale of live coral trade alone is estimated as $78 million in 1997 (not including the illegally, widely smuggled material). The continuous, large-scale collection of marine organisms is responsible, in many places, for the destruction of coral reefs. The expected expansion of the trade further threatens these fragile habitats. While no true captive-bred corals are commercially available, our long-term goal is to develop ex situ inland farming of coral colonies that will circumvent the need for in situ collections and will provide domesticated specimens for the trade and for research. We simultaneously studied two model branching coral species, Stylophora pistillata (Pocilloporidae; in Israel) and Porites (Poritidae; in the US). The proposal included three specific aims: (a) To develop protocols for nubbins (small fragments, down to the size of a single polyp) usage in coral farming;(b) To address the significance of colony pattern formation to the coral trade; and (c) To develop the protocols of using nubbins in physiological and ecotoxicological assays (using oil dispersants, the expression of the stress protein HSP-70, household detergents, etc.). Ten scientific publications (published manuscripts, accepted for publications, submitted to scientific journals, in preparation), revealing results that were related to all three specific aims, originated from this BARD proposal. As a result of the work supported by the BARD, we have now, in hand, original and improved protocols for coral maintenance ex situ, proven expertise on manipulating coral colonies’ pattern formation and biological knowledge on island mariculture of reef corals (from Hawaii and from the Red Sea) amenable for the ornamental trade (for public and private aquaria use, for experimentation). At least one Israeli company (Red Sea Corals, Ltd., KibbutzSaar) is using our methodologies for further developing this new mariculture sector. We are now in the process of introducing the rationale and methodologies to Hawaiian private entities to expand dissemination of the research outcomes.
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Burks, Thomas F., Victor Alchanatis, and Warren Dixon. Enhancement of Sensing Technologies for Selective Tree Fruit Identification and Targeting in Robotic Harvesting Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591739.bard.
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The proposed project aims to enhance tree fruit identification and targeting for robotic harvesting through the selection of appropriate sensor technology, sensor fusion, and visual servo-control approaches. These technologies will be applicable for apple, orange and grapefruit harvest, although specific sensor wavelengths may vary. The primary challenges are fruit occlusion, light variability, peel color variation with maturity, range to target, and computational requirements of image processing algorithms. There are four major development tasks in original three-year proposed study. First, spectral characteristics in the VIS/NIR (0.4-1.0 micron) will be used in conjunction with thermal data to provide accurate and robust detection of fruit in the tree canopy. Hyper-spectral image pairs will be combined to provide automatic stereo matching for accurate 3D position. Secondly, VIS/NIR/FIR (0.4-15.0 micron) spectral sensor technology will be evaluated for potential in-field on-the-tree grading of surface defect, maturity and size for selective fruit harvest. Thirdly, new adaptive Lyapunov-basedHBVS (homography-based visual servo) methods to compensate for camera uncertainty, distortion effects, and provide range to target from a single camera will be developed, simulated, and implemented on a camera testbed to prove concept. HBVS methods coupled with imagespace navigation will be implemented to provide robust target tracking. And finally, harvesting test will be conducted on the developed technologies using the University of Florida harvesting manipulator test bed. During the course of the project it was determined that the second objective was overly ambitious for the project period and effort was directed toward the other objectives. The results reflect the synergistic efforts of the three principals. The USA team has focused on citrus based approaches while the Israeli counterpart has focused on apples. The USA team has improved visual servo control through the use of a statistical-based range estimate and homography. The results have been promising as long as the target is visible. In addition, the USA team has developed improved fruit detection algorithms that are robust under light variation and can localize fruit centers for partially occluded fruit. Additionally, algorithms have been developed to fuse thermal and visible spectrum image prior to segmentation in order to evaluate the potential improvements in fruit detection. Lastly, the USA team has developed a multispectral detection approach which demonstrated fruit detection levels above 90% of non-occluded fruit. The Israel team has focused on image registration and statistical based fruit detection with post-segmentation fusion. The results of all programs have shown significant progress with increased levels of fruit detection over prior art.
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Flaishman, Moshe, Herb Aldwinckle, Shulamit Manulis, and Mickael Malnoy. Efficient screening of antibacterial genes by juvenile phase free technology for developing resistance to fire blight in pear and apple trees. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7613881.bard.
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Objectives: The original objectives of this project were to: Produce juvenile-free pear and apple plants and examine their sensitivity to E. amylovora; Design novel vectors, for antibacterial proteins and promoters expression, combined with the antisense TFL1 gene, and transformation of Spadona pear in Israel and Galaxy apple in USA. The original objectives were revised from the development of novel vectors with antibacterial proteins combined with the TFL-1 due to the inefficiency of alternative markes initially evaluated in pear, phoshomannose-isomerase and 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase and the lack of development of double selection system. The objectives of project were revised to focus primarily on the development additional juvenile free systems by the use of another pear variety and manipulation of the FT gene under the control of several promoters. Based on the results creation of fire blight resistance pear variety was developed by the use of the juvenile free transgenic plant. Background: Young tree seedlings are unable to initiate reproductive organs and require a long period of shoot maturation, known as juvenile phase. In pear, juvenile period can last 5-7 years and it causes a major delay in breeding programs. We isolated the TFL1 gene from Spadona pear (PcTFL1-1) and produced transgenic ‘Spadona’ trees silencing the PcTFL1 gene using a RNAi approach. Transgenic tissue culture ‘Spadona’ pear flowered in vitro. As expected, the expression of the endogenous PcTFL1 was suppressed in the transgenic line that showed precocious flowering. Transgenic plants were successfully rooted in the greenhouse and most of the plants flowered after only 4-8 months, whereas the non-transformed control plants have flowered only after 5-6 years of development. Major achievements: Prior to flower induction, transgenic TFL1-RNAi ‘Spadona’ plants developed a few branches and leaves. Flower production in the small trees suppressed the development of the vegetative branches, thus resulting in compact flowering trees. Flowering was initiated in terminal buds, as described for the Arabidopsis tfl1 mutant. Propagation of the transgenic TFL1-RNAi ‘Spadona’ was performed by bud grafting on 'Betulifolia' rootstock and resulted in compact flowering trees. The transgenic flowering grafted plants were grown in the greenhouse under a long photoperiod for one year, and flowered continuously. Pollination of the transgenic flowers with ‘Costia‘ pear pollen generated fruits of regular shape with fertile F1 seeds. The F1 transgenic seedling grown in the greenhouse formed shoots and produced terminal flowers only five months after germination. In addition, grafted F1 transgenic buds flower and fruit continuously, generating hybrid fruits with regular shape, color and taste. Several pear varieties were pollinated with the transgenic TFL1-RNAi ‘Spadona’ pollen including `Herald Harw` that was reported to have resistance to fire blight diseases. The F-1 hybrid seedlings currently grow in our greenhouse. We conclude that the juvenile-free transgenic ‘Spadona’ pear enables the development of a fast breeding method in pear that will enable us to generate a resistance pear to fire blight. Implications: The research supported by this grant has demonstrated the use of transgenic juvenile free technology in pear. The use of the juvenile free technology for enhancement of conventional breeding in fruit tree will serve to enhance fast breeding systems in pear and another fruit trees.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.
Full textAbstract:
The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.