Journal articles: 'Colour loss'

1

McBeath, Alastair. "Weight Loss Versus Colour Gain?" Astronomy & Geophysics 38, no. 2 (April 1997): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/astrogeo/38.2.9-b.

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Wright, J. Barry, and Immanuel McKenzie. "Stress-Induced Loss of Colour Vision." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1, no. 2 (April 1996): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104596012009.

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Uttenthaler, Stefan, Iain McDonald, Klaus Bernhard, Sergio Cristallo, and David Gobrecht. "Does 3rd dredge-up reduce AGB mass-loss?" Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S343 (August 2018): 529–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318006610.

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AbstractWe follow up on a previous finding that Miras containing the third dredge-up (3DUP) indicator technetium (Tc) in their atmosphere form a different sequence of K – [22] colour as a function of pulsation period than Miras without Tc. A near-to-mid-infrared colour such as K – [22] is a good probe for the dust mass-loss rate (MLR) of these AGB stars. Contrary to what one might naïvely expect, Tc-poor Miras show redderK – [22] colours (i.e. higher dust MLRs) than Tc-rich Miras at a given period. In the follow-up work, the previous sample is extended and the analysis is expanded towards other colours and ISO dust spectra to check if the previous finding is due to a specific dust feature in the 22 μm band. We also investigate if the same two sequences can be revealed in the gas MLR. Different hypotheses to explain the observation of two sequences in the P vs. K – [22] diagram are discussed and tested, but so far none of them convincingly explains the observations.

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Steyn, W. J., S. J. E. Wand, D. M. Holcroft, and G. Jacobs. "RED COLOUR DEVELOPMENT AND LOSS IN PEARS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 671 (April 2005): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.671.9.

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Lamb, R. C., and M. Porter. "Sudden onset hair loss and colour change." BMJ 347, oct31 5 (October 31, 2013): f6112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f6112.

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ABDEL-HAY, A., S. SIVAPRASAD, E. KONSTANTAKOPOULOU, DF EDGAR, and JL BARBUR. "Severity of colour vision loss in diabetes." Acta Ophthalmologica 90 (August 6, 2012): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2012.4724.x.

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Cavalleri, Alessandro, Fabriziomaria Gobba, Monica Paltrinieri, Guglielmina Fantuzzi, Elena Righi, and Gabriella Aggazzotti. "Perchloroethylene exposure can induce colour vision loss." Neuroscience Letters 179, no. 1-2 (September 1994): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(94)90959-8.

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Kuvshinov, Viatcheslav, and Eugene Bagashov. "Colour Information Loss due to Decoherence in Vacuum." EPJ Web of Conferences 125 (2016): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201612504015.

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Viaene, M. K. "Relation between colour vision loss and occupational styrene exposure." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 60, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.60.3.222.

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Mergler, Donna, Rosemarie Bowler, and James Cone. "Colour vision loss among disabled workers with neuropsychological impairment." Neurotoxicology and Teratology 12, no. 6 (November 1990): 669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-0362(90)90084-p.

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Whitelock, Patricia. "Late-Type Giants in the Bulge, at High Galactic Latitudes and in the Plane." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 169 (1996): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900230003.

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Mira and non-Mira M stars are easily distinguished by means of their near-infrared colours. The Miras show a large range of mass-loss rates, and the actual rates are a strong function of the K-[12] colour. The kinematics and scale heights of these Miras are a function of their pulsation periods. The period distribution of Miras in the South Galactic Cap is similar to that of Miras in the Bulge. Non-Mira M stars in the South Galactic Cap have similar colours to their counterparts in the Bulge but differ from bright M-giants in the solar neighbourhood. The galactic distribution and scale height of the M giants is a function of colour and it is suggested that differences in composition influence the colours.

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McNamara, Maria E., Derek E. G. Briggs, Patrick J. Orr, Daniel J. Field, and Zhengrong Wang. "Experimental maturation of feathers: implications for reconstructions of fossil feather colour." Biology Letters 9, no. 3 (June 23, 2013): 20130184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0184.

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Fossil feathers often preserve evidence of melanosomes—micrometre-scale melanin-bearing organelles that have been used to infer original colours and patterns of the plumage of dinosaurs. Such reconstructions acknowledge that evidence from other colour-producing mechanisms is presently elusive and assume that melanosome geometry is not altered during fossilization. Here, we provide the first test of this assumption, using high pressure–high temperature autoclave experiments on modern feathers to simulate the effects of burial on feather colour. Our experiments show that melanosomes are retained despite loss of visual evidence of colour and complete degradation of other colour-producing structures (e.g. quasi-ordered arrays in barbs and the keratin cortex in barbules). Significantly, however, melanosome geometry and spatial distribution are altered by the effects of pressure and temperature. These results demonstrate that reconstructions of original plumage coloration in fossils where preserved features of melanosomes are affected by diagenesis should be treated with caution. Reconstructions of fossil feather colour require assessment of the extent of preservation of various colour-producing mechanisms, and, critically, the extent of alteration of melanosome geometry.

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13

Uttenthaler, S., I. McDonald, K. Bernhard, S. Cristallo, and D. Gobrecht. "Interplay between pulsation, mass loss, and third dredge-up: More about Miras with and without technetium." Astronomy & Astrophysics 622 (February 2019): A120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833794.

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Context. We follow-up on a previous finding that AGB Mira variables containing the third dredge-up indicator technetium (Tc) in their atmosphere form a different sequence of K − [22] colour as a function of pulsation period than Miras without Tc. A near- to mid-infrared colour such as K − [22] is a good probe for the dust mass-loss rate of the stars. Contrary to what might be expected, Tc-poor Miras show redder K − [22] colours (i.e. higher dust mass-loss rates) than Tc-rich Miras at a given period. Aims. Here, the previous sample is extended and the analysis is expanded towards other colours and dust spectra. The most important aim is to investigate if the same two sequences can be revealed in the gas mass-loss rate. Methods. We analysed new optical spectra and expanded the sample by including more stars from the literature. Near- and mid-IR photometry and ISO dust spectra of our stars were investigated where available. Literature data of gas mass-loss rates of Miras and semi-regular variables were collected and analysed. Results. Our results show that Tc-poor Miras are redder than Tc-rich Miras in a broad range of the mid-IR, suggesting that the previous finding based on the K − [22] colour is not due to a specific dust feature in the 22 μm band. We establish a linear relation between K − [22] and the gas mass-loss rate. We also find that the 13 μm feature disappears above K − [22]≃2.17 mag, corresponding to Ṁg ∼ 2.6 × 10−7 M⊙ yr−1. No similar sequences of Tc-poor and Tc-rich Miras in the gas mass-loss rate vs. period diagram are found, most probably owing to limitations in the available data. Conclusions. Different hypotheses to explain the observation of two sequences in the P vs. K − [22] diagram are discussed and tested, but so far, none of them convincingly explains the observations. Nevertheless, we might have found an hitherto unknown but potentially important process influencing mass loss on the TP-AGB.

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Gong, Y. Y. "Relation between colour vision loss and occupational styrene exposure level." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 59, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 824–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.59.12.824.

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Cavalleri, Alessandro, Luisa Belotti, Fabriziomaria Gobba, Giorgio Luzzana, Paolo Rosa, and Paolo Seghizzi. "Colour vision loss in workers exposed to elemental mercury vapour." Toxicology Letters 77, no. 1-3 (May 1995): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(95)03317-3.

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Brouillard, Raymond, Marie-Claude Wigand, and Annie Cheminat. "Loss of colour, a prerequisite to plant pigmentation by flavonoids." Phytochemistry 29, no. 11 (January 1990): 3457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85257-g.

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�zilgen, Mustafa, G�lbanu G�ven�, Mehmet Makaraci, and Itila T�mer. "Colour change and weight loss of apple slices during drying." Zeitschrift f�r Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 201, no. 1 (January 1995): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01193199.

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Mergler, Donna, Lucie Blain, and Jean-Pierre Lagac�. "Solvent related colour vision loss: an indicator of neural damage?" International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 59, no. 4 (May 1987): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00405275.

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19

Kim, Tae Wan, Il-Suk Kim, Seul Gi Kwon, Jung Hye Hwang, Da Hye Park, Deok Gyeong Kang, Jeongim Ha, Sam Woong Kim, and Chul Wook Kim. "Identification of relationship between pork colour and physicochemical traits in American Berkshire by canonical correlation analyses." Animal Production Science 57, no. 6 (2017): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14975.

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This study was carried out to predict the relationship between the colour and physicochemical traits in pork by using canonical correlation analysis. The variables of pork colour traits were lightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*), whereas the variables of physicochemical traits were post-mortem pH24 h, water-holding capacity (WHC), collagen content, fat content, moisture content, protein content, drip loss, cooking loss and shear force. The canonical correlation coefficient (0.819) between the first pair of canonical variates, V1 and W1, was significant (P < 0.01). According to cross loadings, drip loss, cooking loss and fat content provided the relatively high positive correlations with the variates of colour traits (V1), while pH24 h, WHC and moisture content displayed negative relationships with the variates. Otherwise, L* and a* strongly contribute to the variates of physicochemical traits (W1). In addition, a redundancy index of 0.256 suggests that 25.6% of the variance in V1 is explained by W1. Therefore, in order to obtain the reddish pink colour in pork that is preferred by consumers depending on the relationships between the pork quality traits, we suggest that producer leads to the proper maintenance of post-mortem pH24 h, higher WHC, lower drip loss and cooking loss in pork.

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Vanoli, Maristella, Maurizio Grassi, Fabio Lovati, Stefania Barzaghi, Tiziana MP Cattaneo, and Anna Rizzolo. "Influence of innovative coatings on salami ripening assessed by near infrared spectroscopy and aquaphotomics." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 27, no. 1 (November 24, 2018): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967033518811796.

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Coatings play an important role in preserving the quality of meat products by reducing weight loss, improving appearance and integrity. The aim of this work was to study the effect of an innovative coating on the ripening of “Salame Piacentino”. Sixty samples were collected after 40 days of aging: 30 samples were treated with a water-soluble complex based on a cellulose polymer and 30 samples were used as control. All samples were measured after 8, 21, 36, 63 and 78 days of ripening at 11℃ by NIR spectroscopy and were analyzed for weight loss, mechanical properties, colour of outer casing and of the meat, volatile profile (by electronic nose) and sensory characteristics (firmness, meat colour uniformity, fat color, odor). Treated salami showed lower weight loss, firmness and stiffness, were perceived less firm than control samples and had lower CIELab colour values of casing L* and a* and higher values of meat L*. During ripening, weight loss, mechanical and sensory firmness increased while outer casing a*, meat L* and meat color uniformity decreased. As for sensory analysis, panelists were able to distinguish coated salami from control ones only at 78 days of ripening, when also volatile patterns were significantly different. Partial least squares – discriminant analysis of NIR spectra was able to discriminate coated and control salami and identify high variable importance in the projection (VIP) scores in the region 1398–1518 nm, which is within the wavelength range of the water first overtone, suggesting the suitability of the aquaphotomics approach. Comparing aquagrams, coated salami showed higher absorbance values at 1382, 1398 and 1410 nm and lower values in the 1438–1492 nm range than control ones, indicating a higher presence of free water molecules, while hydrogen-bonded water was predominant in control salami. Weight loss, firmness and stiffness were successfully predicted by PLS regression analysis showing R2CV of 0.95, 0.90, 0.83 and RMECV of 1.31, 5.28 and 3.88, respectively.

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Ossip-Drahos, Alison G., José R. Oyola Morales, Cuauhcihuatl Vital-García, J. Jaime Zúñiga-Vega, Diana K. Hews, and Emília P. Martins. "Shaping communicative colour signals over evolutionary time." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 11 (November 2016): 160728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160728.

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Many evolutionary forces can shape the evolution of communicative signals, and the long-term impact of each force may depend on relative timing and magnitude. We use a phylogenetic analysis to infer the history of blue belly patches of Sceloporus lizards, and a detailed spectrophotometric analysis of four species to explore the specific forces shaping evolutionary change. We find that the ancestor of Sceloporus had blue patches. We then focus on four species; the first evolutionary shift (captured by comparison of S. merriami and S. siniferus ) represents an ancient loss of the belly patch by S. siniferus , and the second evolutionary shift, bounded by S. undulatus and S. virgatus , represents a more recent loss of blue belly patch by S. virgatus . Conspicuousness measurements suggest that the species with the recent loss ( S. virgatus ) is the least conspicuous. Results for two other species ( S. siniferus and S. merriami ) suggest that over longer periods of evolutionary time, new signal colours have arisen which minimize absolute contrast with the habitat while maximizing conspicuousness to a lizard receiver. Specifically, males of the species representing an ancient loss of blue patch ( S. siniferus ) are more conspicuous than are females in the UV, whereas S. merriami males have evolved a green element that makes their belly patches highly sexually dimorphic but no more conspicuous than the white bellies of S. merriami females. Thus, our results suggest that natural selection may act more immediately to reduce conspicuousness, whereas sexual selection may have a more complex impact on communicative signals through the introduction of new colours.

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Heske, A. "Pulsation and its rôle for circumstellar features." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 106 (1989): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100063272.

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Circumstellar envelopes of cool giants and supergiants contain atomic and molecular gas, and dust. The charateristic spectral features of these different components can be observed at optical (atoms), at radio (molecules) and at infrared wavelengths (dust). Since the detection of circumstellar matter around giants and supergiants most studies concentrated on detemining mass loss rates from observations of a single component assuming steady mass loss during late stellar evolution. Nevertheless, the IRAS colour colour diagramme and evolutionary models rather point to a non steady evolution during the mass loss phase of the star.

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Ahmed, N., A. Ali, S. A. Memon, T. K. Qambrani, and G. Khaliq. "INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT COLOURS OF LIGHTS ON DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF RED FLOUR BEETLE (TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM) AND ADULTS PHOTOTAXIS BEHAVIOR." Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences 37, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47432/2021.37.1.6.

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Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) is the major insect pest of store grain, and its single larvae can attack 88 grains during its life which leads to a considerable loss of quality and viability of grain. Therefore, to manage this insect pest present research was designed to check the effects of different colours of lights on the developmental stages of red flour beetle and their attraction on lights. Six (White, Yellow, Red, Green, Blue and Black) colours of light were used in the present experiment at 30±2oC and 60%±10% relative humidity (RH). Results revealed that a longer incubation period (4.17±0.18, less hatching (78.66±0.50%) and highest mortality (21.34±1.11%) of T. castaneum eggs were observed on blue light, while a short incubation period (3.03±0.51), highest hatching (89.99±1.92%) and lowest mortality (10.01±0.22%) were observed on white colour of light. However, a longer duration (32.01±0.15, 12.33±0.31) and maximum (28.10±2.50 ,14.66±0.52) mortality of T. castaneum was found in larval and pupae stages on blue colour of light, while a short duration (21.27±0.27, 7.33±0.13) and minimum (8.30±2.5, 8.00±0.65) larval and pupal mortality (%) were seen by red and yellow colour of lights. Similarly, an adult’s longevity significantly reduced (48.33±1.76) when beetles were exposed on blue light, whereas a significant (62.33±1.66) increase in adult longevity was found on white colour of light. A highest (33.33±0.56) attraction of red flour beetle was found on red colour of light, whereas, a lowest attraction was observed on blue (6.00±0.85) and black (10.00±1.55) colours of lights.

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Shkarupa, O. "THE INFLUENCE OF COLOUR ON LOSS OF DURABILITY OF KAPRON MATERIAL." Ribogospodarsʹka nauka Ukraïni, no. 2 (June 10, 2015): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fsu2015.02.081.

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SCOTT, R. J. "Sensory drive and nuptial colour loss in the three-spined stickleback." Journal of Fish Biology 59, no. 6 (December 2001): 1520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00217.x.

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Mazzocco, VictorE. "Loss of red-green colour vision after exposure to arc light." Lancet 340, no. 8813 (July 1992): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(92)90531-7.

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Athmaselvi, K., K. Alagusundaram, C. Kavitha, and T. Arumuganathan. "Impact of pretreatment on colour and texture of watermelon rind." International Agrophysics 26, no. 3 (July 1, 2012): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10247-012-0035-5.

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Impact of pretreatment on colour and texture of watermelon rind The effect of osmotic dehydration pretreatment on water loss, solid gain, colour and textural change was investigated. Watermelon rind 1 x 1 cm size was immersed in sucrose solution of 40, 50 and 60° Brix after pretreatment with microwave and conventional boiling in water for 1, 3, and 5 min, respectively. Water loss and solid gain increased with the time of cooking and sugar concentration. Microwave pretreated samples showed higher water loss and solid gain. Increase in the time of cooking decreased the brightness of all the samples. Microwave pretreated samples showed higher ‘b’ values than conventionally pretreated ones. There was no significant difference (P≤0.05) in texture profile analysis parameters except for hardness. Hardness decreased with increase in time of cooking and sugar concentration. Second order regression model was developed for water loss and solid gain of microwave and conventional pretreated watermelon rind.

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Zafrilla, P., A. Valero, and C. García-Viguera. "Stabilization of strawberry jam colour with natural colourants / Estabilización del color de mermelada de fresa mediante la adición de colorantes naturales." Food Science and Technology International 4, no. 2 (April 1998): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329800400204.

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A recurrent problem in the fruit processing industry is the loss of colour in fruit preserves during storage. Colour of such products may be fortified by adding natural colourants. In this work a commonly used colourant (elderberry extract) is compared with a newly proposed alternative, pomegranate juice, for the stabilization of strawberry jam colour. The results showed that adding a colourant to the jams helped to maintain the colour, and that the pomegranate-derived colourant could possibly be used as an alternative to elderberry pigments for this purpose.

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Gonzali, Silvia, and Pierdomenico Perata. "Fruit Colour and Novel Mechanisms of Genetic Regulation of Pigment Production in Tomato Fruits." Horticulturae 7, no. 8 (August 21, 2021): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7080259.

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Fruit colour represents a genetic trait with ecological and nutritional value. Plants mainly use colour to attract animals and favour seed dispersion. Thus, in many species, fruit colour coevolved with frugivories and their preferences. Environmental factors, however, represented other adaptive forces and further diversification was driven by domestication. All these factors cooperated in the evolution of tomato fruit, one of the most important in human nutrition. Tomato phylogenetic history showed two main steps in colour evolution: the change from green-chlorophyll to red-carotenoid pericarp, and the loss of the anthocyanic pigmentation. These events likely occurred with the onset of domestication. Then spontaneous mutations repeatedly occurred in carotenoid and phenylpropanoid pathways, leading to colour variants which often were propagated. Introgression breeding further enriched the panel of pigmentation patterns. In recent decades, the genetic determinants underneath tomato colours were identified. Novel evidence indicates that key regulatory and biosynthetic genes undergo mechanisms of gene expression regulation that are much more complex than what was imagined before: post-transcriptional mechanisms, with RNA splicing among the most common, indeed play crucial roles to fine-tune the expression of this trait in fruits and offer new substrate for the rise of genetic variables, thus providing further evolutionary flexibility to the character.

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Dongyun, Ma, Zhang Jian, Li Yaoguang, and Wang Chenyang. "Quality of noodles made from colour-grained wheat." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 36, No. 4 (September 3, 2018): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/130/2017-cjfs.

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The protein content (PC), total phenolic content (TPC) and quality of fresh Chinese noodles made from flour processed from four colour-grained wheat cultivars using three milling methods were investigated in this study. The highest PC and sedimentation volumes were shown in partially debranned grain flour (PGF) and refined flour (RF), respectively. Whole wheat flour (WWF) and PGF had significantly higher TPC and total flavonoid contents (TFC) than RF. Wheat cv. Jizi439 (JZ) showed the highest PC, while cv. Heibaoshi (HBS) showed the highest TPC in all three milling methods. In textural profile analysis of noodles HBS showed the lowest hardness, gumminess and chewiness irrespective of milling method, while cv. Shandongzimai (SDZM) expressed higher values depending on milling method. The total sensory score of noodles decreased with increased bran retention, and noodles made from HBS RF and PGF had the highest total scores. The results suggest that PGF made from black wheat HBS can be used to make fresh Chinese noodles with improved nutrient status and without any loss of food sensory quality.

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Wyrwisz, Jarosław, Andrzej Półtorak, Magdalena Zalewska, Robert Zaremba, and Agnieszka Wierzbicka. "Analysis of Relationship Between Basic Composition, pH, and Physical Properties of Selected Bovine Muscles." Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 56, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10213-012-0071-8.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation between basic meat composition (water, protein, fat, and connective tissue contents), pH value, and physical parameters (texture and colour, drip loss) of selected beef muscles. Five different muscles (LTH, SEM, SET, PSM, TRI) from 20 carcasses were examined. Measurements of the basic meat composition were conducted using a near infrared spectrometry method, colour parameters in L*a*b system, and texture parameters. Drip loss correlated strongly negatively with the pH value. Depending on the muscle type, the correlation ranged -0.601≤r≤-0.282, whereas drip loss correlated moderately positively with connective tissue content. The most significant positive correlation (r≈0.67) between hardness, tenderness, and fat content was noted in the SEM. Colour parameters strongly depended on pH values (-0.831≤rL*≤-0.338; - 0.828≤ra*≤-0.542; -0.912≤rb*≤-0.719) and to a lesser extent on the content of connective tissue.

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Le Maitre, N. C., M. D. Pirie, and D. U. Bellstedt. "An approach to determining anthocyanin synthesis enzyme gene expression in an evolutionary context: an example from Erica plukenetii." Annals of Botany 124, no. 1 (April 22, 2019): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz046.

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Abstract Background and Aims Floral colour in angiosperms can be controlled by variations in the expression of the genes of the anthocyanin pathway. Floral colour shifts influence pollinator specificity. Multiple shifts in floral colour occurred in the diversification of the genus Erica (Ericaceae), from plesiomorphic pink to, for example, red or white flowers. Variation in anthocyanin gene expression and its effects on floral colour in the red-, pink- and white-flowered Erica plukenetii species complex was investigated. Methods Next generation sequencing, reverse transcriptase PCR and real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR were used to quantify anthocyanin gene expression. Key Results Non-homologous mutations causing loss of expression of single genes were found, indicating that the cause was likely to be mutations in transcription factor binding sites upstream of the 5′-untranslated region of the genes, and this was confirmed by sequencing. Conclusions Independent evolution and subsequent loss of expression of anthocyanin genes may have influenced diversification in the E. plukenetii species complex. The approach developed here should find more general application in studies on the role of floral colour shifts in diversification.

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Osman, M., and M. D. McCauley. "Psychiatric shades of grey: mirtazapine-induced hair discoloration and hair loss." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 33, no. 3 (February 2, 2016): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2015.71.

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IntroductionMirtazapine is indicated in the treatment of major depressive disorder particularly in selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors resistance. Its effect on hair loss is rare with no previous documented effect on hair colour.MethodReview of relevant literature and description of a case report of a 54-year-old male patient who developed alopecia and hair discoloration after initiation of mirtazapine treatment.ResultsUpon cessation of mirtazapine treatment full restoration of hair colour and regrowth of hair was attained within 10 weeks.DiscussionThere was clear temporal relationship between experiencing hair loss and commencing mirtazapine treatment. No other more likely medical reason to explain such experience was established. A noticeable restoration of the hair colour occurred following mirtazapine cessation.ConclusionMirtazapine is associated with hair discoloration and hair loss. The possibility of such distressing adverse effects needs to be conveyed to patients by clinicians and to be further explored by researchers.

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ARDICLI, S., H. SAMLI, D. DINCEL, B. EKIZ, H. YALCINTAN, B. VATANSEVER, and F. BALCI. "Relationship of the bovine IGF1, TG, DGAT1 and MYF5 genes to meat colour, tenderness and cooking loss." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 69, no. 3 (October 10, 2018): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.18879.

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Bovine insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), thyroglobulin (TG), diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) genes play an important role in the physiology of lipid and muscle metabolism and are therefore considered as candidate genes for meat production traits in farm animals. The objectives of this study were to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IGF1, TG, DGAT1 and MYF5 genes and to evaluate whether these polymorphisms affected meat colour, tenderness and cooking loss in Holstein cattle. Initially, the SNPs were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Meat samples (N= 50) derived from M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) were used in the current study. Significant differences in variations of meat colour parameters were observed at 24 hours post-mortem. IGF1 was associated with colour parameters of a* and chroma values. In addition, effects of TG were statistically significant on L* and a* values, while, effects of MYF5 were significant on a* value. There was no association of the tested SNPs with meat pH, tenderness and cooking loss. The results presented here may give the valuable information for improving meat colour in cattle.

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García-Lario, P., A. Manchado, and S. R. Pottasch. "A New Evolutionary Interpretation of the IRAS Two-Colour Diagram." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 155 (1993): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900171219.

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A new evolutionary interpretation of the sequence of colours observed in the IRAS two-colour diagram by AGB and post-AGB stars is given, which is capable of explaining the observational properties of both kind of objects. It is useful to define a parameter λ to define the position of a given star in this “infrared main sequence” (IRMS). Adopting and from the analysis of the expansion velocities, mass loss rates and luminosities observed in a selected sample of non-variable OH/IR stars with no optical counterpart in the Galactic bulge as a function of λ, we conclude that the position in the IRAS two-colour diagram at which a star leaves the IRMS (λmax) only depends on the initial mass Mz of the progenitor star, so that only massive objects can reach the upper end of this sequence. The relation found is: Expansion velocities increase with the initial mass while every point in the IRMS is found to be associated to a certain value of the mass loss rate. This model also predicts the evolution with time of the mass loss rate during the AGB as a function of the initial mass of the progenitor star, and confirms that most known planetary nebulae are the result of the evolution of considerably massive stars (between 2–3 solar masses) which means that the contribution of processed material to the interstellar medium is considerably higher than what theoretical models predict. Type I PNe are the result of the evolution of 3 — 5 M⊙ progenitors while progenitors with Mi ≤ 1.2 M⊙ probably do not give PNe. The model is also in agreement with the narrow distribution of core masses found in central stars of PNe and white dwarfs and with the usual expansion velocities found in OH/IR stars.

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Bridgemohan, Puran, Majeed Mohammed, Ronell S. H. Bridgemohan, and Zareef Mohammed. "Hot Pepper viii. Reduction of Microbial Spoilage and Physio-chemical Deterioration in Processed Caribbean Peppers." Journal of Food Research 8, no. 2 (February 13, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v8n2p32.

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The quality in the small producers’ hot pepper industry is affected by microbial and thermal processing which reduces the physio-chemical qualities of the final product particularly colour retention and to a lesser extent pungency. A series of studies explored the causes and evaluated some protocols to reduce microbial infection and the loss of pigment using varying sealant caps of vegetable oil and sodium chloride, in addition to preserving agents (calcium chloride, ascorbic acid, sodium benzoate, sodium chloride, and calcium citrate). The result confirmed that red pepper mash in 100g CaCl2 (calcium chloride) submerged under vegetable oil sealant cap retained “L”, ‘a’, ‘b’ colour coordinates as the fresh peppers beyond 100 days with no loss of colour, pungency and flavour.

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Ruiz-Ares, Gerardo, Blanca Fuentes, Jorge Rodríguez-Pardo de Donlebún, Maria Alonso de Leciñana, Raquel Gutiérrez-Zúñiga, Ricardo Rigual, and Exuperio Díez-Tejedor. "Usefulness of orbital colour Doppler ultrasound in vascular-related monocular vision loss." Vascular Medicine 26, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1358863x21993214.

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Acute, painless, monocular vision loss (APMVL) usually has a vascular aetiology. We conducted a prospective observational study from 2011 to 2018 to analyse the added value of colour Doppler imaging to assess orbital vessel blood flow in the diagnosis of APMVL. The study included 67 patients (39 [58.2%] men; mean age, 65.9 years [SD 13.7]) with APMVL evaluated at the Neurosonology Laboratory within the first 5 days of symptom onset, who were classified as having either transient or persistent monocular blindness. The blood flow in the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries was assessed using colour Doppler ultrasound with a linear 7.5-MHz transducer. Thirty-three (49.3%) patients presented transient monocular blindness, with reduced blood flow in either the ophthalmic or central retinal artery. The group with persistent vision loss included 24 cases of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and 10 cases of ischaemic optic neuropathy (35.8% and 14.9%, respectively, of the total sample). These patients were older and had a higher prevalence of hypertension and mild carotid atherosclerosis. Orbital colour Doppler ultrasound (OCDUS) clarified the mechanism/cause of the ischaemia in 11 (16.4%) patients and showed abnormal flow in 46 (68.7%) patients, confirming the vascular origin in 19 (57.6%) of the transient monocular blindness cases. Lower peak systolic velocity was observed in patients with CRAO ( p < 0.001), and a velocity < 10 cm/s in the central retinal artery was independently associated with the diagnosis of CRAO. OCDUS can be helpful in confirming the vascular cause and identifying the aetiology of APMVL.

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Athmaselvi, K. A., P. Sumitha, and B. Revathy. "Development of Aloe vera based edible coating for tomato." International Agrophysics 27, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intag-2013-0006.

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Abstract The effect of formulated Aloe vera based edible coating on mass loss, colour, firmness, pH, acidity, total soluble solid, ascorbic acid and lycopene on the coated tomato was investigated. The tomato in control showed a rapid deterioration with an estimated shelf life period of 19 days, based on the mass loss, colour changes, accelerated softening and ripening. On the contrary, the coating on tomatoes delayed the ripening and extended the shelf life up to 39 days. The physiological loss in weight was 7.6 and 15.1%, firmness was 36 and 46.2 N on 20th day for control and coated tomatoes, respectively. From the results, it was concluded that the use of Aloe vera based edible coating leads to increased tomato shelf-life.

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Manikandan, Angamuthu, and Kizhaeral S. Subramanian. "Study on mitigation of ammonia volatilization loss in urea through adsorbents." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1258.

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Volatilized ammonia loss (VAL) and toxicity are major disadvantages on urea amendment. In order to mitigate, slow (or) controlled release urea based fertilizers are prepared with low cost materials. Therefore, micro and nano-sized adsorbents such as zeolite, biochar were impregnated with urea @1:1 ratio for fertilizer formulations. The objective of the study was to evaluate the VAL rate. To study the effect of soil texture, incubation experiment on two different soils of Tamil Nadu (TypicHaplustalf and VerticUstropepts) with 4 physically mixed, 4 fabricated, conventional urea and control without urea determined. Fertilizer formulations were surface applied @ 250 kg N ha-1 and assessed the VAL rate for 16 days. The trapped ammonia was observed with colour change from pink to greenish and titrated with diluted sulfuric acid. Initial 3 days VAL rate was high on urea, physically mixed adsorbent fertilizers than urea impregnated fertilizers and colour change was observed on every 4-6 h of both soils. In contrast, the urea impregnated fertilizers had colour change after 9-10 h regardless of adsorbent and soils. The fabricated fertilizer observed VAL rate on gradual with low quantity on T5- Zeourea (13.5 days, 15.1 days) T6- Nano-zeourea (15.5 days, 16 days), T9- Biourea (7.5 days, 7.1 days) and T10- Nano-biourea (9 days, 9.7 days) than T2- Urea (5.5 days, 4.6 days) of Alfisols and Inceptisols respectively. Cumulative VAL rate percentage was low on T5- Zeourea (30 %, 34 %), T6- Nano-zeourea (28 %, 29.3 %) T9- Biourea (39 %, 41.5 %) and T10- Nano-biourea (36 %, 37.5 %) of Alfisols and Inceptisols, respectively on comparison with other fertilizer type.It is concluded that the surface amendment of physically mixed fertilizers not influenced any change on both soils. Urea impregnation influenced on days and cumulative VAL percentage. Our study elucidates that micro and nano porous adsorbents are potential substrate to reduce VAL rate of urea in both soils.

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VENTURA, DORA F., MARCELO T. V. COSTA, MARCELO F. COSTA, ADRIANA BEREZOVSKY, SOLANGE R. SALOMÃO, ANA LUÍZA SIMÕES, MARCOS LAGO, et al. "Multifocal and full-field electroretinogram changes associated with color-vision loss in mercury vapor exposure." Visual Neuroscience 21, no. 3 (May 2004): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523804213372.

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We evaluated the color vision of mercury-contaminated patients and investigated possible retinal origins of losses using electroretinography. Participants were retired workers from a fluorescent lamp industry diagnosed with mercury contamination (n= 43) and age-matched controls (n= 21). Color discrimination was assessed with the Cambridge Colour Test (CCT). Retinal function was evaluated by using the ISCEV protocol for full-field electroretinography (full-field ERG), as well as by means of multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). Color-vision losses assessed by the CCT consisted of higher color-discrimination thresholds along the protan, deutan, and tritan axes and significantly larger discrimination ellipses in mercury-exposed patients compared to controls. Full-field ERG amplitudes from patients were smaller than those of the controls for the scotopic responseb-wave, maximum response, sum of oscillatory potentials (OPs), 30-Hz flicker response, and light-adapted cone response. OP amplitudes measured in patients were smaller than those of controls for O2 and O3. Multifocal ERGs recorded from ten randomly selected patients showed smaller N1–P1 amplitudes and longer latencies throughout the 25-deg central field. Full-field ERGs showed that scotopic, photopic, peripheral, and midperipheral retinal functions were affected, and the mfERGs indicated that central retinal function was also significantly depressed. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of retinal involvement in visual losses caused by mercury toxicity.

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Li, Song Lin, Xiao Ming Chen, and Xi Rong Zhao. "Effect of Combined Chitosan Coating and Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the Storability of Cold-Stored Rice Field Eel (Monopterus albus) Fillets." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 853–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.853.

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After being caught and filleted, fresh rice field eel fillets were impregnate with chitosan coating solutions, and then stored in modified atmosphere package (MAP) (60%CO2 + 40%N2) at 2 °C for up to 25 days to determine the chemical, biochemical and physical changes. Fillets were left untreated (CN), or were treated with chitosan coating (CC), or combined chitosan coating with MAP (CCM). Total plate count (TPC), trimethylamine (TMA-N), total volatile bases (TVB-N), pH, colour, water loss, colour changes and hardness were monitored periodically. The results indicated that coating and MAP treatments retard the decay of fish compared to untreated samples. CCM more efficiently inhibited the growth of TPC (2-2.6 Log reductions during Astorage) than did CN and CC. CCM treatments predominantly reduced chemical spoilage, reflected in TVB-N, pH, and TMA-N, retarded water loss and maintained colour and hardness.

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Ogawa, Yohey, Tomoya Shiraki, Daisuke Kojima, and Yoshitaka Fukada. "Homeobox transcription factor Six7 governs expression of green opsin genes in zebrafish." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1812 (August 7, 2015): 20150659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0659.

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Colour discrimination in vertebrates requires cone photoreceptor cells in the retina, and high-acuity colour vision is endowed by a set of four cone subtypes expressing UV-, blue-, green- and red-sensitive opsins. Previous studies identified transcription factors governing cone photoreceptor development in mice, although loss of blue and green opsin genes in the evolution of mammals make it difficult to understand how high-acuity colour vision was organized during evolution and development. Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) represents a valuable vertebrate model for studying colour vision as it retains all the four ancestral vertebrate cone subtypes. Here, by RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization analysis, we found that sine oculis homeobox homolog 7 ( six7 ), a transcription factor widely conserved in ray-finned fish, is expressed predominantly in the cone photoreceptors in zebrafish at both the larval and the adult stages. TAL effector nuclease-based six7 knock-out revealed its roles in expression of green, red and blue cone opsin genes. Most prominently, the six7 deficiency caused a loss of expression of all the green opsins at both the larval and adult stages. six7 is indispensable for the development and/or maintenance of the green cones.

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RADOMSKI, ANDRZEJ, and DARIA KAŹMIERCZAK. "Studies on the suitability of oxidizing agents for discolouring lime and poplar wood in the first stage of transparent wood forming process." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 108 (October 31, 2019): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7702.

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Studies on the suitability of oxidizing agents for discolouring lime and poplar wood in the first stage of transparent wood forming process. Series of lime and poplar wood samples were prepared and subjected to oxidising agent in order to decolourise wood in bulk. Sodium chlorite solution in the environment of diluted acetic acid and alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution were used as different treating agents, followed by intense rinsing in water and drying the samples. The effect of wood delignification conditions such as time of treatment and reagent used was investigated. Changes in mass and dimensions of the samples were measured, and thus density changes were calculated. Colour changes were measured with colorimeter in CIE Lab colour space. In the case of lime wood swelling of the samples was observed at the first stage, along with mass loss, leading to density decrease by 10 % after 20 h exposure. In the case of poplar wood, shrinking of the samples was observed, but due to severe mass loss, final density was similar to lime wood. Colour changes correlated mainly with lightness parameter of the samples. Significant colour differences were found even at the shortest time of treatment.

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Zhao, Guang Yuan, Yang Chang, and Wei Zong. "Studies on the Quality Change of Cloudy Jujube Juice during Storage." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 1537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.1537.

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120 day storage experiment at 4°C, 25°C and 37°C of Cloudy Jujube Juice was conducted. The content of polyphenols, ascorbic acid, and the colour were assessed by analysis techniques. During the storage period of juice, the L* value decreased and the a*value increased with prolonged storage time and increased temperature. The degree of color changing as well as the loss of tannin and ascorbic acid in the juice increased as the prolonged storage time and increased temperatures. The colour change (△E) of juice during the storage was caused mainly by the degradation of ascorbic acid and the oxidative polymerization of polyphenols and could be avoided by storing juice at a lower temperature. The quality change of cloudy jujube juice during storage was acceptable. GC-MS analysis showed that the volatile components in cloudy jujube juice were mainly acids and aldehydes.

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Medeiros, Ertha Janine Lacerda de, Francisco Harley de Oliveira Mendonça, Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto Queiroga, and Marta Suely Madruga. "Meat quality characteristics of exotic and SPRD crossbred goats from the semiarid region." Food Science and Technology 32, no. 4 (September 11, 2012): 768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-20612012005000102.

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Thirty-two intact male goats from four genetic groups (eight pure-bred Boers, eight ¾ Boer + ¼ SPRD crossbreeds, eight ½ Boer + ½ SPRD crossbreeds, and eight ½ Anglo Nubian + ½ SPRD crossbreeds) were evaluated for meat quality. The goats were reared in confinement and slaughtered at the average live weight of 29 kg. Temperature and pH decrease in the longissimus dorsi muscle was determined for 24 hours, and analyses of colour, cooking loss, water-holding capacity, and sensory attributes were also performed. Genotype significantly (P < 0.05) influenced the confinement period; ½ Boer + ½ SPRD crossbreeds required the most time in confinement to reach the target weight, while the pure-bred Boers required the least time. Genotype also significantly influenced (P < 0.05) the weight loss due to cooking, shearing force, colour (intensity of yellowness and luminescence), and the sensory attributes of flavour, odour, and raw colour of the meat. The crossing of exotic Boer and Anglo Nubian breeds with the native SPRD resulted in a goat meat of high quality.

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Monteiro, Madalena Vaz, Tijana Blanuša, Anne Verhoef, Paul Hadley, and Ross W. F. Cameron. "Relative importance of transpiration rate and leaf morphological traits for the regulation of leaf temperature." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 1 (2016): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15198.

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Urban greening solutions such as green roofs help improve residents’ thermal comfort and building insulation. However, not all plants provide the same level of cooling. This is partially due to differences in plant structure and function, including different mechanisms that plants employ to regulate leaf temperature. Ranking of multiple leaf and plant traits involved in the regulation of leaf temperature (and, consequently, plants’ cooling ‘service’) is not well understood. We, therefore, investigated the relative importance of water loss, leaf colour, thickness and extent of pubescence for the regulation of leaf temperature, in the context of species for semi-extensive green roofs. Leaf temperature was measured with an infrared imaging camera in a range of contrasting genotypes within three plant genera (Heuchera, Salvia and Sempervivum). In three glasshouse experiments (each evaluating three or four genotypes of each genus), we varied water availability to the plants and assessed how leaf temperature altered depending on water loss and specific leaf traits. Greatest reductions in leaf temperature were closely associated with higher water loss. Additionally, in non-succulents (Heuchera, Salvia), lighter leaf colour and longer hair length (on pubescent leaves) both contributed to reduced leaf temperature. However, in succulent Sempervivum, colour and pubescence made no significant contribution; leaf thickness and rate of water loss were the key regulating factors. We propose that this can lead to different plant types having significantly different potentials for cooling. We suggest that maintaining transpirational water loss by sustainable irrigation and selecting urban plants with favourable morphological traits are the key to maximising thermal benefits provided by applications such as green roofs.

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Molot, Lewis A., and Peter J. Dillon. "Colour - mass balances and colour - dissolved organic carbon relationships in lakes and streams in central Ontario." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 2789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-196.

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Colour and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and mass balances were measured for seven unproductive lakes and 20 tributary streams between June 1980 and May 1992. Individual observations of colour, which measures an unknown DOC fraction assumed to be principally humic, were not good predictors of discrete DOC concentrations for any of the study sites. Long-term mean colour was, however, strongly correlated with long-term mean DOC concentrations in streams and lakes. Colour behaved differently from the total DOC pool in lakes. Lake retention and loss coefficients for colour were always higher than corresponding values for the total DOC pool, and the mean annual colour/DOC ratios in lake outflows were always less than the corresponding ratios in lake inputs, indicating that the coloured fraction was preferentially removed or photooxidized. A steady-state mass balance model was used to estimate the upper bound for the average coloured fraction of DOC in each lake. The upper bound for the seven lakes ranged from 34 to 88%, increasing with increasing colour, DOC, and total phosphorus.

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Hawryshyn, C. W., C. G. Mcdonald, and T. E. Reimchen. "Nuptial Colour Loss and Signal Masking in Gasterosteus: an Analysis Using Video Imaging." Behaviour 132, no. 13-14 (1995): 963–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853995x00397.

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Var�n, Ram�n, Francisco D�az, Jos� E. Pardo, and Ricardo G�mez. "A mathematical model for colour loss in paprikas containing differing proportions of seed." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 80, no. 6 (May 1, 2000): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(20000501)80:6<739::aid-jsfa607>3.0.co;2-n.

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Saleh, Solin, Kaisra Esmail, and Danah Albreiki. "Subjective intermittent colour vision loss as the initial presentation of chronic myeloid leukemia." American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports 19 (September 2020): 100817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100817.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Colour loss'

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