Journal articles on the topic 'Colour field'
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Kumar, Vinay. "“COLOR AS FIELD” WEIGHTLESS & FLOATING FREE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 2, no. 3SE (December 31, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v2.i3se.2014.3521.
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“Although the composition and function of colour are two of the most important factors in determining the qualitative content of a painting, the reciprocal relation of colour to colour produces a phenomenon of a more mysterious order. This new phenomenon is psychological. Ahigh sensitivity is necessary in order to expand colour into the sphere of the surreal without losing creative ground. Colour stimulates certain moods in us. It awakens joy or fear in accordance with its configuration. In fact, the whole world, as we experience it visually, comes to us through the mystic realm of colours. Our entire being is nourished by it. This mystic quality of colour should likewise find expression in a work of art”. Hans Hofman. “My canvases are not full because they are full of colours but because colour makes the fullness. The fullness thereof is what I am involved in. it is interesting to me to notice how difficult it is for to take the intense heat and blaze of my colours. If my paintings were empty they could take them with ease”. Barnett Newman.
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Rychter, Joanna. "„Zielone łąki mej duszy” – nazwy barw w poezji Stanisławy Plewińskiej." Język. Religia. Tożsamość. 1, no. 25 (June 29, 2022): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0996.
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This paper explores the range of colour names, their frequency and functions, in the poetry of Stanisława Plewińska from Deszczno, Poland. The research material comprises 46 colour names w 131 text occurrences, representing 13 semantic fields, including one general field and 12 specialised ones. In her poems, Plewińska uses a diverse range of colours. Her poetry is full of all shades of the canonical colour set. She favours colour expressions from the following semantic fields: green (30 occurrences), white (29 occurrences), and black (20 occurrences), which indicates her love for achromatic colour schemes and the colour which is imminent in nature. The analysis also shows that the poet uses: gold (15 occurrences) and blue (7 occurrences). She rarely mentions colours from the semantic field of yellow (4x), grey (4x), silver (4x), red (3x), purple (2x) or brown (1x). The poet never uses the colours from the semantic fields of orange or pink.
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Groh, Arnold. "Culture, Language and Thought: Field Studies on Colour Concepts." Journal of Cognition and Culture 16, no. 1-2 (February 24, 2016): 83–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12342169.
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In a series of studies the assumption of a lack of colour concepts in indigenous societies, as proposed by Berlin and Kay and others, was examined. The research took place in the form of minimally invasive field encounters with indigenous subjects in South East Asia and in India, as well as in West, Central, and South Africa. Subjects were screened for colour blindness using the Ishihara and Pflüger-Trident tests. Standardised colour tablets had to be designated in the indigenous languages; these terms were later translated by native speakers of the indigenous languages into a European language. The indigenous subjects were able to name the colours presented. Indigenous vs. globalised cultural factors were reflected in the use of reference objects for naming colours. Both metonymical and non-metonymical indigenous colour names did not follow a stage pattern as Berlin and Kay and others have proposed. The high precision of indigenous colour names corresponds both to the precision of experts’ colour names in the industrial culture, and to the highly precise grammar that characterises indigenous languages. It is concluded that cognitive categorisation of visual perception takes place regardless of the cultural context, and that former misunderstandings resulted from inappropriate methodological designs.
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Wilczek, Frank. "Colour takes the field." Nature 390, no. 6661 (December 1997): 659–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/37726.
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Heider, B., and R. Groner. "Vertical Visual-Field Differences in Schematic Persistence for Colour Information." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970313.
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The functional specialisation in the upper and lower visual fields is related to the distinction between far and near vision, and may parallel differences between the ventral and dorsal processing streams. Here, we studied possible differences in colour processing. According to postulates of Previc (1990 Behavioral and Brain Sciences13 519 – 575), we expected longer persistence and an advantage in colour classification for stimuli presented in the upper visual field. Performance was tested in a modified partial-report task to estimate duration of schematic persistence for colour and verbal information. The targets were letter strings—either red, yellow, blue, or green—presented in three combinations: (a) nonsense strings, (b) congruent colour-words, and (c) incongruent colour-words. Eight targets were simultaneously presented in a circular array for 60 ms. After a variable interstimulus interval (ISI, 0 – 900 ms), a coloured marker was briefly displayed pointing to one of the original target positions, and the participants had to report whether the colours of target and marker were identical or not. The responses were analysed separately for upper and lower visual-field presentations. The verbal content of the targets did not affect performance. There were no differences in performance between the two visual fields. However, analyses of both accuracy and reaction latencies showed significant interactions between visual field and ISI, ie performance decreased at a slower rate in the upper visual field. These results suggest longer schematic persistence for colour stimuli presented in the upper visual field.
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Edwards, James P., and Olindo Corradini. "Worldline colour fields and non-Abelian quantum field theory." EPJ Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 02038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818202038.
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In the worldline approach to non-Abelian field theory the colour degrees of freedom of the coupling to the gauge potential can be incorporated using worldline “colour” fields. The colour fields generate Wilson loop interactions whilst Chern-Simons terms project onto an irreducible representation of the gauge group. We analyse this augmented worldline theory in phase space focusing on its supersymmetry and constraint algebra, arriving at a locally supersymmetric theory in superspace. We demonstrate canonical quantisation and the path integral on S1 for simple representations of SU(N).
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Bieszk, Marta. "Coding colours: Differences across languages and their consequences for translation and language teaching." Beyond Philology An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching 18, no. 2 (May 16, 2021): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/bp.2021.2.01.
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The concept of colour occurs in every language of the world, but contrastive research shows that the names of individual colours, functioning in one of the compared languages, do not have unambiguous equivalents in the other. The problems of the linguistic expression of colours in different languages, the history of colour terms, the formation of the semantic field of colour names and the semantics of individual words referring to colours have been investigated by numerous scholars. This paper focuses on analysing the consequences of the different organisation of the semantic field of colour for the translation from one language into another, as well as for foreign language teaching. The consequences presented here concern Polish and German mainly, but other Indo-European languages are also taken into consideration.
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Hogge, M. C., M. A. Stalham, and E. J. Allen. "Effects of field treatments on processing quality of Record and Pentland Dell potatoes during storage." Journal of Agricultural Science 120, no. 3 (June 1993): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600076498.
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SUMMARYPrevious research has suggested that fry colour of processed potatoes is inversely correlated with tuber reducing sugar content, and agronomic practice should therefore be tailored to minimize amounts of tuber sugars at harvest and during storage as a means of maximizing processing quality. A total of 30 experiments from three sites in England from 1985 to 1988 examined this hypothesis for two cultivars using a wider range of husbandry than that used in practice and long periods of storage. No tuber sugar value was sufficiently well correlated with fry colour for the relationship to be interpreted as causal and of use predictively, irrespective of whether it was measured early in growth, at harvest or at the time of processing. Fry colour at harvest was not correlated with fry colour after storage. No agronomic practice (variables used were physiological age, date of planting, irrigation or date of harvest) consistently caused fry colours to be darker than the acceptable colour limit, whether at harvest or after long term storage. Crops producing unacceptable fry colours early in storage generally improved to produce acceptable fry colours after long term storage. Agronomic practices within the range normally found in commercial production are therefore considered to have little effect on long-term processing quality, although harvesting, handling and transport operations were not investigated.
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David, A. S. "Tachistoscopic tests of colour naming and matching in schizophrenia: evidence for posterior callosum dysfunction?" Psychological Medicine 17, no. 3 (August 1987): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700025861.
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SynopsisNeuropsychological studies have shown that the integrity of the posterior corpus callosum is necessary for accurate colour naming in the left visual field (LVF) and colour matching across hemifields. Using this model, 22 schizophrenics, 14 depressive and 16 healthy matched controls were given a battery of tachistoscopic tests of colour perception. The schizophrenics made significantly more errors, in naming colours in the LVF compared to depressives, and in matching colours across fields compared to depressives and normals. There were no differences between groups for right visual (RVF) colour naming or matching within right and left visual fields. These findings support the hypothesis that trans-callosal transmission may be impaired in schizophrenia and are unlikely to be due to a specific disorder of colour perception, neuroleptic drugs or generally impaired performance. Those schizophrenics whose LVF naming errors exceeded RVF errors were more likely to have first rank symptoms and showed less cerebral atrophy but did not differ on other variables. The techniques described may be useful for further research into interhemispheric function in schizophrenia.
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Guz, Marzena. "Kolory w reportażach Melchiora Wańkowicza. Reportaże z części Kraj lat dziecinnych w tomie Anoda i katoda." Białostockie Archiwum Językowe, no. 22 (2022): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/baj.2022.22.07.
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This study analyses the names of the colours used by the author of the reportages. The research method is based on finding answers to the following questions: What colours does the author write about? Which of them prevail? What do they refer to? What stylistic functions do the names of the colours fulfill? What names appear in various colour fields? What parts of speech are the colours represented by? The lexicon of colour words in the reportages under consideration is quite rich. Colours are related to people, animals, plants, landscapes and artefacts, and their function is to describe the appearance of the characters and their beauty, depict their clothing and their mental state, portray the reality of the Borderlands, mainly the landscape. Most often, they are used as epithets. The names in the colour field are not ifferentiated. Colours are most often represented by adjectives, less frequently by nouns, verbs, active and passive participles and adverbs. Occasionally, adjectival compounds are used.
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Zayniev, Daler. "The polysemy of the colour term white in English, Russian, Tajik and Uzbek." ExELL 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 112–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/exell-2020-0009.
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Abstract Colour is one of the central categories of both a conceptual and a linguistic world of image, correlated with an axiological and an esthetic assessment, a semiotic and value world of image of a given national culture, which allows us to talk about colour preferences, ethnic colour mentality, colour gaps and colour universals, that is, about the colour world of image. In addition, colours have senses specific to particular fields, from physics over printing to senses used in everyday life. In the present article, I carry out an analysis of the colour term white in English, and its counterparts in Russian, Tajik and Uzbek from the lexicological and lexicographical point of view, starting with a semasiological perspective, following Steinvall’s (2002: 56) methodology. The conceptual space of the colour term white in lexicographic work tends to be kept compact rather than articulated in great detail, just like in the case of other types of colours, i.e. in an attempt to minimize polysemy, its senses are typically lumped, rather than split. The main aims were to investigate the differences in the representation of adjectives denoting white colour across languages and to compare monolingual and bilingual dictionaries with respect how they structure their meanings, as well as collocations and idiomatic expressions (often based on metaphors and metonymies). A number of field-like clusters of concepts related to the colour terms for white were established. Based on these findings, I proceed to make some suggestions for the improvement of the approach to colour terms for white and other colours in general use and pedagogical dictionaries.
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Stjepić, Marta, and Sabina Bračko. "Colour Memory Analysis for Selected Associative Colours." TEKSTILEC 64, no. 3 (October 26, 2021): 260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec2021.64.260-271.
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Colours are one of the most important factors in everyday life. The exact number of existing colours is not yet fully known. Nevertheless, people are known for having poor colour memory. The ability to remember colours depends both on the characteristics of an individual and the situation in which the colour needs to be recalled. The field of colour memory (perception and memory of unusual colours) has been very poorly researched. The aim of this study was to analyse long-term colour memory for selected associative colours, comparing it with short-term colour memory. The research approach was based on observation, with observers observing for a period of time a particular colour, image, or a descriptively given reference colour. Colour was treated sepa¬rately from associations in the first part, and related to associations in the second and third parts. The first part contained all the reference colours shown independently of associations, the second part contained grayscale images of brands, and the third part comprised descriptively given colours. The result analysis showed that people remember colours very poorly. Observers generally performed better in testing short-term memory. Moreover, the way the template was presented had a noticeable effect on the long-term colour memory. When the image was given in grey, the results were better. The descriptive rendering of reference colours shown did not contribute to better results. The gender of observers did not significantly affect the results.
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Arbab, Shabnam, Jonathan A. Brindle, Barbara S. Matusiak, and Christian A. Klöckner. "Categorisation of Colour Terms Using New Validation Tools: A Case Study and Implications." i-Perception 9, no. 2 (March 2018): 204166951876004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669518760043.
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This article elaborates on the results of a field experiment conducted among speakers of the Chakali language, spoken in northern Ghana. In the original study, the Color-aid Corporation Chart was used to perform the focal task in which consultants were asked to point at a single colour tile on the chart. However, data from the focal task could not be analysed since the Color-aid tiles had not yet been converted into numerical values set forth by the Commission internationale de l’éclairage (CIE). In this study, the full set of 314 Color-aid tiles were measured for chromaticity and converted into the CIE values at the Daylight Laboratory of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. This article presents the conversion methodology and makes the results of the measurements, which are available in the Online Appendix. We argue that some visual-perception terms cannot be reliably ascribed to colour categories established by the Color-aid Corporation. This suggests that the ideophonic expressions in the dataset do not denote ‘colours’, as categorised in the Color-aid system, as it was impossible to average the consultants’ data into a CIE chromaticity diagram, illustrate the phenomena on the Natural Colour System (NCS) Circle and Triangle diagrams, and conduct a statistical analysis. One of the implications of this study is that a line between a visual-perception term and a colour term could be systematically established using a method with predefined categorical thresholds.
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von der Heydt, R., H. Zhou, and H. Friedman. "Cortical Coding of Extended Coloured Figures." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96l0407.
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We have studied the neural coding of extended coloured objects. Single cells were recorded from parafoveal regions of V1 and V2 in alert, fixating monkeys. In V1 most of our recordings were from the upper layers. A square figure (usually 4 deg × 4 deg, that is, much larger than the response field) of uniform colour on a gray background was placed at various positions relative to the receptive field of the cell. Orientation and colour were optimised for each cell. The vast majority of cells (75/89 in V1, 43/47 in V2) responded only when the receptive field was positioned on or near an edge, but not inside the figure (‘edge-only response’). Of the few cells that did respond with the receptive field inside the figure (‘surface response’), only some were colour selective (V1: 6/14, V2: 2/4); that is, the cell response clearly differentiated colours of similar luminance. This lack of surface responses is surprising, since most LGN cells, namely type I and type II cells respond to large uniform stimuli of some colour. On the other hand, many of the ‘edge-only’ cells were colour selective by the same criterion, some responding exclusively within a small volume of colour space. Most ‘edge-only’ cells were selective for orientation, and also many for edge polarity. V1 and V2 may encode colour of extended figures by edge signals rather than an isomorphic representation. In this case, colour filling-in would result from decay of the colour-specific edge signals rather than spreading of the colour-specific surround activity into the figure.
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Kuriki, I., and K. Uchikawa. "Effect of Ambient Illuminant on Surface Colour Constancy." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970066.
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Generally, we are completely enclosed in a real environment, which may act as an entire view-field or adapting field. But in most studies on colour constancy experiments have been made with spatially restricted stimuli. We built a room with gray (N5) walls inside to measure the effect of ambient illuminant on colour constancy. The room illuminant could change its colour from white (D65) to either blue, orange, green, or purple. The observer sat in this main room and adapted to the illuminant for 5 min before the start of the experiment. The observer was shown a smaller room, which had the same variable-colour illuminant, through an aperture (11 deg × 8 deg) in the left side wall. We set the illuminant for each room independently, but in asymmetric illuminant-colour conditions either was set to white. The observer viewed the central part of a colour CRT monitor, placed behind a small aperture (5 deg × 5 deg) in the front wall, and matched its colour appearance to four OSA colour chips in the smaller room. Under symmetric illuminant conditions, eg blue vs blue, the observers' settings showed a complete match with the physical chromaticities of the colour chips. In asymmetric illuminant conditions, eg white vs blue, matched colours showed systematic deviations from both physical chromaticities and colour constancy. This implies that taking the ambient illuminant as adapting field did not yield perfect colour constancy. We introduce a simple model based on incomplete adaptation to the ambient illuminant and a spatial-interaction mechanism, which accounts for our results.
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Dörr, Saskia, and Christa Neumeyer. "The Goldfish—A Colour-Constant Animal." Perception 25, no. 2 (February 1996): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p250243.
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A series of either thirteen or fifteen coloured test fields with hues from blue through grey to yellow were presented on a black background. Goldfish were trained on a bluish-grey test field by food reward. In the training situation, the setup with the coloured papers was illuminated with white light. In the test situation, the colour of the illumination was changed to blue or yellow. In both test illuminations the goldfish preferred the training field in the same way as under white illumination despite the fact that this test field stimulated the cone types very differently from the training situation. As test fields were present that excited the cones in exactly the same way as under white light, but were not chosen, colour constancy can be concluded. By means of colour metrics, it was possible to quantify direction and strength of colour constancy.
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Fejsa, Mikhaylo. "Basic colour terms in the lexical-semantic field of colour in the Rusin language." Rusin, no. 68 (2022): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/68/13.
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The main goal of this research is to present basic colour terms in the lexical-semantic field of colour of the Backa-Srem Rusin (Ruthenian) chromatic terminology, which has not been studied in Slavic studies so far. Rusin equivalents to the basic colour terms distinguished by Brent Berlin and Paul Kay in their work Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution (white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, purple, pink, orange, gray) are bila, cams, cevena , Helena, zovta/zolta , belava, braon, llova , celova , pomarancecova/pomarandzecova and siva; the equivalents zovta and pomarancecova are characteristic for the inhabitants of Ruski Krstur whereas the equivalents zolta and pomarandzecova are characteristic for the inhabitants of Kucura. The research corpus is mainly composed of Serbian-Ruthenian Dictionary and Ruthenian-Serbian Dictionary. The analysis has shown that the basic colour terms often coincide in two genetically related languages such as Rusin and Serbian but there are many important differences. The Rusin lexeme bila has the equivalents bela and plava in Serbian, and the Rusin lexeme belavahas the equivalents plavaand sedain Serbian when naming hair or beard. There are several cases when an adjective that conveys a given colour is necessary in one language but not in the other (e.g. Rusin cibul'a : Serbian crniluk, Rusin zel'ena pasul'a : Serbian boranija). Most of the chromatic terms are of Slavic origin (“ belv > bila, “сыпъ> cama, “siv>siva, “zelenъ >zel'ena, “ztv>zolta/zovta) but loanwords have been increasingly used for nuanced purposes, e.g. azurna, teget, akvamarin, tirkizna in recent decades; some of them remain unchanged, e.g. blond, braon, drap, krem, bez and oker in both languages, and lila and roze only in Serbian. The lexeme colour in both researched Slavic languages is not of Slavic origin; the lexeme boja in the Serbian language originates from Turkish (Turkish boya), and the lexeme farba in Rusin (as well as in Serbian when the term refers to non-linguistic entities) is of German origin (German farbe).
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Kinoshita, M., and K. Arikawa. "Colour constancy in the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 23 (December 1, 2000): 3521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.23.3521.
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We have recently shown that the Japanese yellow swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus uses colour vision when searching for food. In the field, these butterflies feed on nectar provided by flowers of various colours not only in direct sunlight but also in shaded places and on cloudy days, suggesting that they have colour constancy. Here, we tested this hypothesis. We trained newly emerged Papilio xuthus to feed on sucrose solution on a paper patch of a certain colour under white illumination. The butterflies were then tested under both white and coloured illumination. Under white illumination, yellow- and red-trained butterflies selected the correctly coloured patch from a four-colour pattern and from a colour Mondrian collage. Under four different colours of illumination, we obtained results that were fundamentally similar to those under white illumination. Moreover, we performed critical tests using sets of two similar colours, which were also correctly discriminated by trained butterflies under coloured illumination. Taken together, we conclude that the butterfly Papilio xuthus exhibits some degree of colour constancy when searching for food.
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Reid, I. N., and S. R. Majewski. "Deep Multi-Colour Starcounts." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 161 (1994): 423–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090004777x.
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Starcounts remain one of the most effective methods of probing the structure of the Galactic stellar populations. However, studies of the distribution at large distances above the Plane demand accurate photometry extending to faint magnitudes (V > 20), and such datasets are still rare. We (Reid & Majewski 1993) have analyzed data from one field — Majewski's (1992) UJF observations of SA57, the North Galactic Pole field. Our results revealed significant discrepancies with the standard model of the Galaxy (see refs. in Reid & Majewski), notably a paucity in the number of halo stars by a factor of two and the presence of a factor of two more disk stars than predicted — sufficient stars that the disk is the majority stellar population, outnumbering halo stars 2:1 even at V = 21. Majewski et al. (1993) has obtained UJFN photographic data for several other fields, and Fig. 1 shows a preliminary comparison of these observations with the predictions of the best-fitting SA57 model. Given that none of the parameters have been modified, the agreement is surprisingly good.
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Zhou, H., H. Friedman, and R. von der Heydt. "Edge Assignment in Cells of Monkey Area V2." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96l1207.
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One of the processes of visual perception is to organise 2-D images into figure and ground, assigning the borders to the figure. We have studied the neural basis of this phenomenon. We recorded from orientation-selective cells of areas V1 and V2 in the awake, fixating monkey. A square (typically 4 deg) of uniform colour or gray was displayed in a uniform surround field (11 deg) of different colour or gray. The square was much larger than the response fields of the cells studied. Its orientation and colour were optimised for each cell. In interleaved tests, we centred two opposite edges of the square in the RF, and also reversed the colours of square and surround, resulting in four different display combinations. Flipping edges and colours produced pairs of displays with an identical edge in the response field, but the figure on opposite sides. The display was static for each period of fixation, and mean spike numbers per second were measured. Many cells were selective for the sign of local contrast. In V2 we found cells that were highly discriminative for the direction of the figure, eg responding 10 times more to the left edge of a gray square with white surround than to the right edge of a white square with gray surround. In some cells, this discrimination was nearly independent of the figure size. The response could either be independent of local contrast (general edge assignment), or conditional on figure colour (joint assignment of edge and colour). We have observed direction-of-figure preference also in V1, but with smaller discrimination ratios. We conclude that figural edge assignment is part of early cortical processing.
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Greenbaum, Alon, Najva Akbari, Alborz Feizi, Wei Luo, and Aydogan Ozcan. "Field-Portable Pixel Super-Resolution Colour Microscope." PLoS ONE 8, no. 9 (September 27, 2013): e76475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076475.
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Akbarinia, Arash, and C. Alejandro Parraga. "Colour Constancy Beyond the Classical Receptive Field." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 40, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 2081–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2017.2753239.
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Ferrer, Efrain J., Vivian de la Incera, and Cristina Manuel. "Colour superconductivity in a strong magnetic field." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 39, no. 21 (May 10, 2006): 6349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/39/21/s27.
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Gustafson, G. "Dual description of a confined colour field." Physics Letters B 175, no. 4 (August 1986): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(86)90622-2.
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Fritsch, J., and C. Neumeyer. "Colour Constancy in Goldfish—The Role of Surround Reflectance." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96l0405.
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Simultaneous colour contrast as well as colour constancy have been shown quantitatively for the goldfish. In behavioural experiments we investigated colour constancy in goldfish for green and purple colours. Two fish were trained with food rewards to select one of ten test-fields in hues ranging, in small steps of saturation, from deep green, through grey, to deep purple. In the training situation the whole disk was illuminated by white light, whereas in the test situation it was changed to green and purple light, respectively. The role of surround reflectance was investigated by presenting the test fields either on a black or on a white surround. With a black surround (low reflectance) in purple illumination the fish chose test fields that were more green than the training field indicating imperfect colour constancy. With a white surround (high reflectance), however, the fish chose testfields that were more purple. This ‘overcompensation’ indicates that a white surround induces a hue complementary to that of the illumination. A similar phenomenon is known as the Helson — Judd effect in human colour vision. For green illumination the phenomenon was similar. The effect could be decreased by reducing the white surround to small white annuli around the test fields. A decrease was also achieved by separating the white surround from the test fields by black annuli. Perfect colour constancy could thus be obtained with a certain size of a white surround as well as with a certain size of separation. We therefore assume that lateral interactions play an important role in colour constancy.
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Dreksler, Noemi, and Charles Spence. "A Critical Analysis of Colour–Shape Correspondences: Examining the Replicability of Colour–Shape Associations." i-Perception 10, no. 2 (March 2019): 204166951983404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669519834042.
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Research on the topic of colour–shape correspondences started in the early 20th century with the Bauhaus artist Wassily Kandinsky. However, more recently, the topic has been examined using the empirical framework of crossmodal correspondences research. The field remains one in which consistent results and generalisable hypotheses about the existence and nature of colour–shape correspondences are lacking. The replicability and consistency of findings concerning colour–shape correspondences are examined in three online colour–shape matching experiments using the same procedure and study design while varying the sets of shape stimuli that are evaluated. Participants matched one of 36 colours to each shape as well as made preference and arousal appraisal ratings for each of the shapes and colours. The complexities of analysing colour–shape correspondence data are discussed and illustrated by classifying and analysing shape and colours in a variety of different ways, including using continuous perceptual and objective measures. Significant colour–shape associations were found. However, as hypothesised, limited consistent results in regard to what perceptual shape characteristics predicted colour choices were documented across the three stimuli sets. This was the case both within and across different analysis methods. The factors that may be responsible for these inconsistencies are critically discussed. Intriguingly, however, evidence for emotional mediation, whereby shape and colour liking and arousal appraisals appear to influence the colour–shape correspondences made by participants, was found across all three experiments.
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Yeghiazaryan, Armenuhi A., Vahagn S. Muradyan, and Arsen T. Grigoryan. "ASSESSMENT AND MAPPING OF THE DIVERSITY OF COLOR SHADES OF LANDSCAPES IN SUMMER SEASON USING SATELLITE IMAGES." Proceedings of the YSU C: Geological and Geographical Sciences 56, no. 2 (258) (October 25, 2022): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/pysu:c/2022.56.2.093.
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The landscape, bearing certain pressure from the society, simultaneously has an aesthetic potential and actively affects the emotional and psychological comfort of a person. Among the many factors affecting the aesthetic qualities of the landscape (relief, vegetation, water, etc.), colour is also separated. The color diversity of the landscapes is impossible to appreciate with only using eyes. The article presents a unique methodology for separating colour shades, which are one of the important aesthetic factors of the landscape. For the first time, an attempt was made to distinguish the color tones that have a great influence on the aesthetic qualities of landscapes and to group them by analyzing the spectral curves of satellite images․ In contrast to the traditional field method, satellite images allow us to assess color tones over a short period of time and over a large area. Red, green and blue are considered the main physiological colours, and almost all true colours can be obtained by the combination of these three radiations. An attempt was made to separate the colors in the landscapes by analyzing spectral curves in green (543–578 nm), red (650–680 nm), blue (458–523 nm) spectral ranges of the Sentinel-2A, Sentinel 2B TCI (true color image) space images taken in the summer with a resolution of 10 m. In a professional software environment, 50 classes were obtained using "unsupervised" classification method, and for each class, the curves with the average values of spectral reflection of three visible colour ranges were obtained. By grouping the classes, a map of five colour groups (blue-green, green, red, gray and yellow, white) of the landscapes of Syunik Region was created for the summer season. Since the most important factor of colour harmony is the balance of colour shades, an attempt was made to determine the colour diversity of landscapes. Based on the obtained colour groups, in the summer season the colour diversity of the landscapes of Syunik Region was asssessed and mapped using Shannon's coefficient of heterogeneity. As a result, it was found that 52% of the landscapes of Syunik Region have green colouring in summer. The latter is considered a positive feature of the aesthetic appeal of landscapes and has a calming effect on a person. White colour has the smallest percentage share. 36% of the territory of the region has a high and very high diversity indicator, and 17.6% has a very low degree of diversity. In summer, the North-Eastern part of the region, the areas adjacent to the lower and middle streams of the Vorotan River, the Voghji and Meghri River basins are distinguished by colour diversity. However, from the point of view of aesthetic perception, the average degree of diversity is highly assessed, which is 27.2% in Syunik Region. The Southern part of Syunik has an average degree of diversity, especially the valley areas of the Araks River, the area of the Spandaryan reservoir.
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Kauppinen-Räisänen, Hannele, and Marie-Nathalie Jauffret. "Using colour semiotics to explore colour meanings." Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 21, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-03-2016-0033.
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Purpose The impact of colour is acknowledged within the marketing field. However, research on colour communication is limited, with most prior studies focusing on pre-defined meanings or colour associations. The purpose of this paper is to reveal insights into colour meaning and propose an alternative view to understanding colour communication. Design/methodology/approach The study takes a conceptual approach and proposes Peircean semiotics to understand colour communication. The proposed framework is applied to analyse a set of colour meanings detected by prior colour research. Findings The study elucidates the underlying mechanism of how colour is read and interpreted in various marketing activities, and how meaning is conveyed. This study addresses this mechanism by identifying colour semantics and colour as a symbolic, iconic and indexical sign. Research limitations/implications The study contributes to the scholarly knowledge of colour in marketing. It enriches the understanding of how consumers interpret representations of single visual signs expressed in contexts such as products, brands and brand packaging to make informed product decisions. Practical implications By understanding consumer interpretation as a stage in the communication process, marketers can develop more informed marketing activities to communicate the intended meanings. This may well strengthen the brand identity and contribute to the perceived brand value. Originality/value By elaborating on how colours convey meanings and the mechanism that explains such meanings, this study demonstrates that colour meaning is far more than mere association. The study contributes to the current knowledge of colour by facilitating a deeper understanding of how consumers interpret representations of single visual cues expressed in various contexts.
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Somerville, Rachel S., Charlotte Olsen, L. Y. Aaron Yung, Camilla Pacifici, Henry C. Ferguson, Peter Behroozi, Shannon Osborne, et al. "Mock light-cones and theory friendly catalogues for the CANDELS survey." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 502, no. 4 (January 29, 2021): 4858–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab231.
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ABSTRACT We present mock catalogues created to support the interpretation of the Cosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). We extract haloes along past light-cones from the Bolshoi Planck dissipationless N-body simulations and populate these haloes with galaxies using two different independently developed semi-analytic models of galaxy formation and the empirical model universemachine. Our mock catalogues have geometries that encompass the footprints of observations associated with the five CANDELS fields. In order to allow field-to-field variance to be explored, we have created eight realizations of each field. In this paper, we present comparisons with observable global galaxy properties, including counts in observed frame bands, luminosity functions, colour–magnitude distributions and colour–colour distributions. We additionally present comparisons with physical galaxy parameters derived from SED fitting for the CANDELS observations, such as stellar masses and star formation rates. We find relatively good agreement between the model predictions and CANDELS observations for luminosity and stellar mass functions. We find poorer agreement for colours and star formation rate distributions. All of the mock light-cones as well as curated ‘theory friendly’ versions of the observational CANDELS catalogues are made available through a web-based data hub.
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Gostkowska, Kaja. "Apprivoiser la richesse des couleurs sur la palette du peintre, ou vers une liste terminologique des noms de couleurs." Romanica Wratislaviensia 63 (October 11, 2016): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0557-2665/63.4.
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HOW TO MASTER THE ABUNDANCE OF COLOURS ON THE PAINTER’S PALETTE, OR A STEP TOWARDS THE TERMINOLOGICAL LIST OFTERMS RELATED TO COLOURS Colour as a subject has led to numerous studies in various disciplines such as physics, psychology, chemistry or history of art, to name a few. In the field of linguistics, the names of colours have been analysed from different points of view but all those works concerned mostly the words related to colours used in the general language. The aim of the present paper is to focus on the terms related to colours used in history of art texts, and to show the unexpected complexity of such terminology. After presenting the definitions of colour we will describe two different aspects of French terminology related to colour: firstly, the forms of terms from the point of view of their morphological and semantic motivation, and secondly, the cultural and historical reasons of such linguistic abundance and complexity of the colours’ terminology.
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Stanikūnas, Rytis, Henrikas Vaitkevičius, Algimantas Švegžda, Vilius Viliūnas, Aušra Daugirdienė, Janus J. Kulikowski, and Ian J. Murray. "DU OBJEKTŲ SPALVOS SUVOKIMO PROCESAI." Psichologija 30 (January 1, 2004): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2004..4350.
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Objektų spalvų suvokimas aiškinamas dviem procesais. Atlikti bandomieji tyrimai, kuriais nustatyta kontrasto ir fono adaptacijos įtaka spalvų suvokimui. Bandyme dalyvavo keturi tiriamieji. Jų spalvinis regėjimas buvo normalus. 40 spalvotų stimulų ir 6 apšvietimai buvo generuojami vaizduoklio ekrane. Tiriamiesiems buvo rodomas spalvotas objektas pilkame fone esant įvairiems apšvietimams. Tiriamasis turėjo nustatyti, kokią objekto spalvą mato esant įvairiems adaptacijos laikams. Paaiškėjo, kad galima išskirti dvi subjektyvaus spalvos įvertinimo sistemas: viena sistema įvertina objekto ir suvokiamo fono spalvų skirtumą, o kita – fono spalvą. Suvokiamas spalvų skirtumas adaptacijos metu keičiasi nedaug, o suvokiama fono spalva artėja prie neutralios. Gauti duomenys pagrindžia dviejų lygmenų spalvų suvokimo hipotezę: sistema, įvertinanti spalvų skirtumus, yra lokali, o sistema, įvertinanti foną, – globali.
TWO PROCESSES IN OBJECT COLOUR PERCEPTIONRytis Stanikūnas, Henrikas Vaitkevičius, Algimantas Švegžda, Vilius Viliūnas, Aušra Daugirdienė, Janus J. Kulikowski, Ian J. Murray
SummaryPerception of colour depends on the spectral composition of light that reaches retina and depends as well on various mechanisms of visual system that processes information flow. The few important mechanisms can be distinguished in colour perception: colour adaptation, colour constancy and colour contrast. If the visual field has only one coloured object, then colour perception will be determined by spectral composition of the light and colour adaptation. Whereas mechanisms of colour constancy and colour contrast switches on when in the visual field there are at least two colour objects. Von Kries (1905) have attributed colour constancy phenomenon to theory of receptoral adaptation. But this is theory is applicable to local processes happening in relatively small size of visual field. Craven and Foster (1992) shows that receptor excitation ratios remains constant during change of illumination. But again remains unexplained colour change during adaptation. So, the hypothesis is raised that two processes attribute colour perception: local colour contrast calculation and global adaptation to the background. Therefore the experiments have been carried out to establish the colour contrast and background adaptation impact on colour perception.Four subjects with normal colour vision participated in the experiments. 40 Munsell samples (value 7 and chroma 4) illuminated with one reference illuminant (standard C) and 6 test illuminants (standard A, standard S, cardinal red, cardinal green, cardinal yellow and cardinal blue) were simulated on computer monitor. The dark-adapted subjects have been shown colour samples on neutral background illuminated with one of test illuminants. The task was to match the colour stimuli appearance under reference illuminant. The sequential asymmetric matching procedure was carried out. First subject adapts to neutral background under illuminan C then test stimulus and test background appears for limited time followed by readaptation to neutral background. Then subject is asked to adjust the colour mach under illuminant C. Two different experiment paradigms have been used. In the first one the stimulus had 2° on neutral background covering 20° of visual field. In the second paradigm the stimulus size was the same but the background was covering the all visual field. The adaptation and presentation timings were 1, 5, 30 or 60 seconds.Results under the first experiment paradigm show partial colour constancy for all subjects and for all test illuminants under various adaptation times. Despite quite a long adaptation time of 30 seconds subjects was unable to achieve full colour constancy. Colour constancy improves under second experiment paradigm. 60-second adaptation time is enough to achieve full colour constancy. The less adaptation time (1 or 30 second) gives partial colour constancy.The subject sees two colours (stimulus and background) during the experiment. The colour perception of stimulus and background changes during adaptation time. In the first 5 seconds of adaptation 40–60% of full adaptation level is reached (Fairchild and Reniff, 1995; Werner et al., 2000). Wesner and Shevell (1992, 1994) shown that signals from all visual field have influence on colour perception of object. The first part of our experiment shows that neutral background of 20° gives partial adaptation to background colour. Therefore, increase background illumination to full visual field gives full adaptation to background. So, subject perceives different coloured background under various illuminants as the same neutral (grey) background.We can state that two different systems have been distinguished in the process of colour perception. One system evaluates the colour difference between the stimulus and the background. Second system evaluates the colour of the background. Perceived colour difference during adaptation does not change much, but perceived colour of the background changes a lot and drifts towards neutral colour. The hypothesis of two level colour perception is supported by experimental data.
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McCaig, T. N., Y. T. Gan, P. Clarke, J. M. Clarke, and R. M. DePauw. "Kernel colour changes associated with field weathering of spring wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 2 (May 5, 2006): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-033.
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The Canadian wheat-grading system is based on visual assessment to estimate end-use quality, both for assignment to classes and to grades within classes. Extensive training and experience are required to accurately interpret visual indicators of quality. Therefore, breeding programs are attempting to develop instrumental techniques to objectively measure visual characteristics of potential new cultivars. The objective of this research was to examine colour changes associated with field weathering of wheat cultivars from the Canada Western Red Spring, Canada Western Amber Durum, and Canada Prairie Spring Red and White classes of wheat, as measured with a portable colorimeter. The class means exhibited colour differences, although the large variability within classes suggests that, used in isolation, colour measurements would not be a satisfactory means of identifying the class of individual samples. Weathering caused an increase in L* (lightness), a decrease in a* (redness), and a slight increase in b* (yellowness), and the effects were similar for all classes. Severe weathering caused loss of vitreousness in addition to bleaching, and the colour measurements reflect the integrated colour changes associated with both effects. Within each class, although there were cultivar differences for colour, the cultivars responded similarly to weathering, suggesting that breeders should simply select lines which exhibit intense, desirable colour prior to weathering. Key words: Triticum aestivum, Triticum turgidum, quality
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Ito, Shun, and Junji Konuma. "Disruptive selection of shell colour in land snails: a mark–recapture study of Euhadra peliomphala simodae." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz168.
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Abstract Many theoretical studies have suggested that disruptive selection plays an important role in phenotypic divergence, but few studies have determined the action of disruptive selection on phenotypic divergence via field studies. This study investigated the effect of disruptive selection on shell colour polymorphism in the Japanese land snail Euhadra peliomphala simodae to determine whether extreme phenotypes of snail shell colour are favoured over intermediate phenotypes. We conducted field surveys on an oceanic island with black, yellow and intermediate-coloured E. p. simodae snails. We captured and marked ~1800 individual snails and monitored their survival over 18 months. We quantified shell colours against images and examined the frequency distribution of shell colour variation. The variation exhibited a bimodal distribution with a far lower frequency of intermediate-coloured snails than of black or yellow snails. The population sizes of the three snail groups fluctuated synchronously with the changing seasons. Bayesian estimates showed lower survival rates for juvenile intermediate-coloured snails than for juvenile black and yellow snails, implying there was disruptive selection associated with shell colour. We suggest this disruptive selection may have resulted in the evolutionary divergence of the snail’s shell colour within the lineage having high shell colour variation.
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Kadyrova, Altynay, Majid Ansari-Asl, and Eva Maria Valero Benito. "Evaluation of the Human Visual System in Cosmetics Foundation Colour Selection." London Imaging Meeting 2020, no. 1 (September 29, 2020): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2694-118x.2020.lim-22.
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Colour is one of the most important appearance attributes in a variety of fields including both science and industry. The focus of this work is on cosmetics field and specifically on the performance of the human visual system on the selection of foundation makeup colour that best matches with the human skin colour. In many cases, colour evaluations tend to be subjective and vary from person to person thereby producing challenging problems to quantify colour for objective evaluations and measurements. Although many researches have been done on colour quantification in last few decades, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate objectively a consumer's visual system in skin colour matching through a psychophysical experiment under different illuminations exploiting spectral measurements. In this paper, the experiment setup is discussed and the results from the experiment are presented. The correlation between observers' skin colour evaluations by using PANTONE Skin Tone Guide samples and spectroradiometer is assessed. Moreover, inter and intra observer variability are considered and commented. The results reveal differences between nine ethnic groups, between two genders, and between the measurements under two illuminants (i.e.D65 and F (fluorescent)). The results further show that skin colour assessment was done better under D65 than under F illuminant. The human visual system was three times worse than instrument in colour matching in terms of colour difference between skin and PANTONE Skin Tone Guide samples. The observers tend to choose lighter, less reddish, and consequently paler colours as the best match to their skin colour. These results have practical applications. They can be used to design, for example, an application for foundation colour selection based on correlation between colour measurements and human visual system based subjective evaluations.
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Hawkins, M. R. S. "A Deep Wide Field Survey from Digitally Stacked Schmidt Plates." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 148 (1995): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100021904.
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AbstractA large set of exposures of a single UK Schmidt Telescope field has been obtained, covering five colour bands over 18 years. Techniques have been developed for combining digitised data from many plates. The results of adding 64 exposures in Bj and R are demonstrated showing that the expected gain of ~ 2.5 magnitudes in limiting magnitude are achieved. By combining various subsets of the data, proper motions and variability can be determined. Two examples of the many possible uses of the dataset are given: the discovery of low mass brown dwarf candidates using colours and proper motions, and of quasars using variability and colours.
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Qin, Xiaolin, Mamoru Takamatsu, Yoshio Nakashima, Zoujirou Katoh, and Yasuaki Fukuda. "Binocular Colour Fusion Limits about Peripheral Visual Field." Japanese journal of ergonomics 43 (2007): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.43.2supplement_84.
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Corradi, Wagner J. B., Francisco F. S. Maia, and João F. C. Santos. "Membership probability via control-field colour–magnitude decontamination." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S266 (August 2009): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921309991359.
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AbstractThe fundamental physical parameters of open clusters are important tools to understand the formation and evolution of the Galactic disk and to test star-formation and evolution models. However, only a small fraction of the known open clusters in the Milky Way have precise determinations of distance, reddening, age, metallicity, radial velocity and proper motion. One of the major problems in determining these parameters lies in the difficulty to separate cluster members from field stars and to assign membership. We propose a decontamination method by employing 2mass data in the regions around the clusters NGC 1981, NGC 2516, NGC 6494 and M11. We present decontaminated colour–magnitude diagrams of these objects showing the membership probabilities and structural parameters as derived from King-profile fitting.
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Bergquist, Johan, and Carl Wennstam. "49.2: Field-Sequential-Colour Display with Adaptive Gamut." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 37, no. 1 (2006): 1594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/1.2433303.
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Pfau, W. "Artificial IJK two-colour diagrams for field stars." Astrophysics and Space Science 217, no. 1-2 (July 1994): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00990032.
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Vinther, Jakob. "A guide to the field of palaeo colour." BioEssays 37, no. 6 (April 8, 2015): 643–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.201500018.
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Domínguez-Palmero, Lilian, and Marc Balcells. "Colours of intermediate z bulges in Groth and GOODS-N." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S245 (July 2007): 465–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308018383.
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AbstractThe chronology of bulge and disk formation is a major unsolved issue in galaxy formation, which impacts on our global understanding of the Hubble sequence. We present colours of the nuclear regions of intermediate-redshift disk galaxies, with the aim of obtaining empirical information of ages of bulges at intermediate z. We work with a sample of 248 galaxies (123 inclined + 125 face-on) from the HST Groth Strip Survey (Groth et al. 1994) and another one with 404 objects (214 inclined + 190 face-on) from the HST GOODS-N field (Giavalisco et al. 2004), covering redshifts 0.1 < z < 1.3. Those samples are apparent-diameter limited at R > 1.4″. We find that, as in the Local Universe, the minor axis color profiles are negative (bluer outward), and fairly gentle, indicating that bulge colours are not distinctly different from disk colours. We apply a conservative criterion to identify bulges and potential precursors of present-day bulges, based on nuclear excess surface brightness above the exponential profile of the outer parts. For galaxies with central brightness excesses, rest-frame colour distributions show a red sequence that confirms the finding of very red bulges by Koo et al. (2005), using independent methods. In contrast, galaxies without central brightness excesses show typical colours of star-forming populations. Clearly, something had truncated star formation in many high-density cores, already at z ~ 1. The truncation epoch is uncertain, 1.5 < z < 10. The colour-magnitude distribution of intermediate-z bulges shows more colour dispersion than that of bulges in the Local Universe. About 50% of bulges are as red as local bulges, while the remainder are significantly bluer, a possible sign of late bulge formation. We also find that bulge colours correlate with integrated galaxy colours and with their disk colours.
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Sivova, Tatyana V. "Chicory colour in the colour conceptosphere of language: from blue and brown to chicory colour." Neophilology, no. 3 (2022): 471–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2022-8-3-471-481.
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On the basis of various discourses (lexicographic, dialectal language, associative, artistic, advertising), we represent a research fragment dedicated to the description of colour perception and obvious chicory, the purpose of which is to create the fullest possible version of the color concept sphere of the floristic space of the language. The main results of the research are: 1) the quantitative and qualitative composition of colour terms that are significant in the presence of descriptions of chicory; 2) a dominant colour registry representing the colour standard for plant detection; 3) a list of different colour definitions associated with the area of the individual author's picture of the world; 4) functional of colouristic descriptions of chicory, represented by a spectrum of functions: from ontological to chronotopic and prototypical; 5) description of the current proposal for the production of acceptable variations in the combination of the meanings of colour terms based on the colouristic description of chicory. The theoretical basis was research in the field of cognitive linguistics, linguistics of colour; methodological – a set of methods and techniques, including the descriptive-analytical method, contextual, method of directed associative experiment, quantitative; continuous sampling technique. Obtaining results, visualization of the processes of conceptualization and categorization of reality in language, use as a research activity in research of various aspects of the language worldview, colour worldview, and in the educational and methodical work of the language in the preparation of cognitive linguistics, linguistics colour, copywriting, as well as in lexicographic practice and the practice of teaching a foreign language.
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Pires, Luis Paulo, Vanessa Fonseca Gonçalves, Giancarlo Ângelo Ferreira, Flávio Roque Bernardes Camelo, and Celine de Melo. "Fruit colour and edge effects poorly explains frugivorous bird-plant interactions in disturbed semideciduous forests." Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 40, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 40041. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v40i1.40041.
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Fruit colour is considered an important feature mediating interactions between plants and frugivorous birds. Despite that, colour mediated interactions are context-dependent, and habitat disturbances may affect how frugivorous birds perceive fruit colours. This study assessed the influence of fruit colour and edge effect on the consumption of artificial fruits by frugivorous birds in three disturbed semideciduous forests in southeastern Brazil. In each of those areas, we performed a field experiment in which we placed artificial fruits of three different colours on plants and recorded their consumption by birds. Red-coloured fruits were ingested more often than yellow, but neither of them was consumed differently from dark-blue. Edge effect only affected consumption of yellow fruits. Our data neither support the hypothesis of preferential consumption of the highest contrasting colours nor of increased fruit consumption in the forest interior. These findings indicate that colour and edge effects, as well as the interaction between them, may not be strong predictors of fruit choice by birds in disturbed environments, especially because generalist species, which are less sensitive to the physical alterations in forests, are favoured in these areas.
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Close, EA, and HKJ Powell. "A field test method for soluble (0.02 M CaCl2 extractable) aluminum in soils." Soil Research 27, no. 4 (1989): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9890673.
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A field test is described for determination of 0.02 M CaC12 extractable ('soluble') aluminium in soils. The method uses a 5 min extraction (2 min shaking followed by 3 min settling period). An aliquot of extract is then added to the metallochromic reagent chrome azurol S, CAS (amber). Aluminium reacts rapidly with CAS in hexamine buffer (pH 4.9) to form a 1 : 1 complex, Al(CAS) (purple). Intermediate colours arise in solutions where CAS is partly converted to the aluminium complex. The developed colour may be compared visually (or spectrophotometricaliy in the laboratory) with standards. Alternatively the CAS concentration may be selected to give the purple colour at a predetermined concentration of aluminium in the extractant solution, corresponding to the toxicity threshold for a specific crop and soil. CAS-reactive Al (5 min extraction) was correlated with total Al (1 h extraction; AAS) soluble in 0.02 M CaCl2, by Alt = 1.62[CAS-Al]+0.5 for soils with Alt < 60 mg kg-1 (n = 22; r2 = 0.99).
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Chungkrang, Liza Moni, Ava Rani Phukan, and Binita Kalita. "Eco-dyeing of wool yarn with Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (Ber) and its colour fastness properties." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 3 (September 2, 2018): 1046–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i3.1804.
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In search of eco-friendly processes for dyeing with natural dyes research has been focused on identification and standardization of natural dyes. Considering the growing importance of natural colourants all over the world, the present work was undertaken with on aim to study the colour fastness properties of wool yarn dyed with bark of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (ber). The dyed wool samples had good to excellent colour fastness to washing, crocking perspiration and sunlight. Different shades of brown colour of rust, candy pink, biscuit brown, nut brown and light brown were obtained using different mordants. This type of eco-dyeing process may be helpful in increasing the variety of colours in the field of textiles.
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Simpson, C. J., J. R. Wilford, L. F. Macias, and R. J. Korsch. "SATELLITE DETECTION OF NATURAL HYDROCARBON SEEPAGE: PALM VALLEY GAS FIELD, AMADEUS BASIN, CENTRAL AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 29, no. 1 (1989): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj88019.
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Digital image processing of advanced aircraft and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite remotely sensed data over sandstones of the Palm Valley Gas Field, central Australia, showed a distinct colour anomaly about 6 km long by 1.5 km wide which is not obvious in visible wavelength imagery. Field inspection showed that the colour anomaly was characterised by different rock- weathering colour, a geobotanical anomaly, calcium carbonate precipitation within rock fractures, and different soil pH. Inorganic rock geochemistry indicates significant chemical differences in some major elements. A limited number of soil gas samples were analysed and within the remotely sensed colour anomaly some had above- threshold concentrations of methane, ethane, propane and butane. Preliminary processing of airborne magnetic and gamma spectrometric data over the anticline did not indicate any significant values that suggested abnormal development of magnetite or clay minerals within the colour anomaly. Carbon and oxygen isotope analyses on calcrete from within the colour anomaly suggest, somewhat inconclusively, that hydrocarbons have not contributed significantly to the formation of the calcium carbonate component of the calcrete. Consideration of all available information suggests that the colour anomaly detectable by aircraft and Landsat TM satellite remote sensing corresponds to a zone of surface alteration resulting from long- term seepage of hydrocarbon gases. This colour anomaly, the first of its type reported from Australia, was detected because of spectral reflectance differences resulting from a combination of increased soil carbonate and different geobotanical characteristics from those of the surrounding terrain.
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Logvinenko, Alexander D. "High-Spatial-Frequency Tritanopia: S-Filling-in or S-Filtering-Out?" Perception 30, no. 2 (February 2001): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p2846.
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It has long been an accepted fact that a small test field presented against a large background may change its colour appearance because the test-field background contrast is attenuated by the receptor colour channels unequally (Willmer, 1944 Nature153 774–775; Hartridge, 1947 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B232 519–671). Such an effect is usually called small-field tritanopia. However, as shown in the present report, a similar colour illusion can be achieved with a large test field as well, provided its spatial-frequency content is high enough to reveal the differential drop of contrast sensitivity for the receptor colour channels (high-spatial-frequency tritanopia). A few demonstrations are presented which show that a traditional explanation of high-spatial-frequency tritanopia (including small-field tritanopia), based on the hypothetical process of filling-in, is not correct. An alternative account, based on spatial filtering within the receptor colour channels, is put forward.
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Escudero, Carlos G., Favio R. Faifer, Analía V. Smith Castelli, Mark A. Norris, and Juan C. Forte. "Field/isolated lenticular galaxies with high SN values: the case of NGC 4546 and its globular cluster system." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 493, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 2253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa392.
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ABSTRACT We present a photometric study of the field lenticular galaxy NGC 4546 using Gemini/GMOS imaging in g′r′i′z′. We perform a 2D image decomposition of the surface brightness distribution of the galaxy using galfit, finding that four components adequately describe it. The subtraction of this model from our images and the construction of a colour map allow us to examine in great detail the asymmetric dust structures around the galactic centre. In addition, we perform a detailed analysis of the globular cluster (GC) system of NGC 4546. Using a Gaussian Mixture Model algorithm in the colour–colour plane, we detected hints of multiple groups of GC candidates: the classic blue and red subpopulations, a group with intermediate colours that present a concentrated spatial distribution towards the galaxy, and an additional group towards the red end of the colour distribution. We estimate a total GC population for NGC 4546 of 390 ± 60 members and specific frequency SN = 3.3 ± 0.7, which is relatively high compared to the typical value for galaxies of similar masses and environment. We suggest that the unusual GC population substructures were possibly formed during the interaction that led to the formation of the young ultra-compact dwarf (NGC 4546-UCD1) found in this system. Finally, we estimate the distance modulus of NGC 4546 by analysing its luminosity function, resulting in (m − M) = 30.75 ± 0.12 mag (14.1 Mpc).
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Aldrich, Amelia, Paul Hibbard, and Arnold Wilkins. "Vision and Hyper-Responsiveness in Migraine." Vision 3, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision3040062.
Full textAbstract:
We investigated contrast processing in relation to visual comfort from coloured light in individuals with migraine. In Experiment 1, 24 individuals who experienced migraine with aura (MA), 15 migraine without aura (MO), and 23 healthy controls, identified which of four patterns, one in each quadrant, had the greatest contrast. Although there were no significant differences between groups, contrast discrimination was superior in the visual field affected by aura in all eight participants in whom the aura was consistently lateralised. In Experiment 2, 20 participants without aura and 20 controls selected comfortable light with a chromaticity close to the daylight (Planckian) locus, whilst 20 individuals with aura chose more strongly saturated colours, mostly distant from the locus. In Experiment 3, nine participants with consistently unilateral aura undertook the contrast discrimination task wearing (a) lenses that provided a comfortable colour of light and (b) grey lenses of similar transmission. With grey lenses, seven of the nine individuals with unilateral aura showed a superior performance in the affected field, as before. With lenses providing a comfortable colour, however, the performance was relatively poor for the nine individuals with unilateral aura, but not for the 10 controls. This was the case in both visual fields. The cortical hyper-responsiveness with which migraine is associated may improve the perception of contrast. The perception is poorer (and more normal) with ophthalmic lenses having a comfortable colour.
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Iamaguti, Mariana, Marcella Gadotti, Fernanda Henriques, and Paula Trigueiros. "Analysis of graphic codes for colour representation." Information Design Journal 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.00003.iam.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article is the result of initial tests and studies about two systems for chromatic representation. It introduces and discusses the use and importance of two graphic codes created in Portugal as well as their graphic application on information and communication systems in an inclusive manner for individuals with different chromatic perceptions and needs. Designed mainly for people with colour blindness and visual impairment, ColorADD and Feelipa Color Code are alternatives for colour representation via graphic and tactile mediums. From pilot tests, the application, usage and impact of these systems on society and education have been investigated via field research and interviews with their creators, developers and users.