Journal articles on the topic 'Colors Australia'
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1
Krueger, Thilo Alexander, and Andreas Fleischmann. "When three become two: Drosera coalara links Drosera citrina with Drosera nivea." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn491.tk924.
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The pygmy sundews (Drosera section Bryastrum) are the second-largest group of Australian Drosera in terms of species number following the tuberous sundews. According to the latest revisions (Fleischmann et al. 2018; Robinson et al. 2018) they currently comprise 51 species in southwest Western Australia and six named natural hybrids (Lowrie 2014; Lowrie et al. 2017). Within the pygmy Drosera, a wide range of flower colors can be found, ranging from pure white, various shades of pink, metallic orange, and red to yellow colors, quite often with bi- or rarely even tricolored petals (Lowrie 1989; Robinson et al. 2018). The color combination of lime yellow petals with white base has thus far been considered to be unique to D. citrina (Lowrie & Carlquist 1992; Lowrie 2014; Lowrie et al. 2017).
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Liberman, Jonathan. "Plainly Constitutional: The Upholding of Plain Tobacco Packaging by the High Court of Australia." American Journal of Law & Medicine 39, no. 2-3 (June 2013): 361–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885881303900209.
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In November 2011, Australia became the first country in the world to legislate for “plain packaging” of tobacco products. As of December 1, 2012, the packaging of tobacco products sold in Australia must be a standard, drab dark brown color; and the printing of tobacco company logos, brand imagery, colors, or promotional text on that packaging and on individual tobacco products is prohibited. While the Australian scheme is described as “plain packaging,” tobacco packaging is required to be far from “plain” in the ordinary sense of the word. The scheme requires large health warnings composed of graphics, warning statements and explanatory messages, and information messages.Plain packaging of tobacco products—which has also been called “generic packaging” or “standardized packaging”—is not a new idea. It was proposed as far back as June 1986, when the Canadian Medical Association agreed to a motion in favor of its adoption.
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Bernacci, Luís Carlos, Marta Dias Soares-Scott, Nilton Tadeu Vilela Junqueira, Ilene Ribeiro da Silva Passos, and Laura Maria Molina Meletti. "Passiflora edulis Sims: the correct taxonomic way to cite the yellow passion fruit (and of others colors)." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 30, no. 2 (June 2008): 566–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452008000200053.
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Passiflora edulis, the passion fruit native from Brazil, has several common names (such as sour passion fruit, yellow passion fruit, black passion fruit, and purple passion fruit), and presents a wide variability with the different rind colors of its fruits, which are very easy to notice. However, in 1932, Otto Degener suggested that the yellow passion fruit had its origin in Australia through breeding, calling it P. edulis forma flavicarpa, and that it could be distinguished by the color of the fruit, the deeper shade of purple of the corona, and the presence of glands on the sepals. These distinctions do not support themselves, for the glands are common to the species (although they may be absent), and the corona has a wide range of colors, regardless of the color of the fruit. A more critical ingredient is the fact that the external coloration of the fruit is a character of complex inheritance and is not dominant, thus displaying a number of intermediate colors, making it difficult to identify the extreme colors. For the correct scientific naming of agricultural plants, the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature must be used in conjunction with the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, with the selections with significant agronomic characteristics recognized and named cultivars. In accordance with the international convention promoted by the UPOV, of which Brazil is a signatory, several colors (light yellow, yellow, orange yellow, pink red, red, red purple, green purple, purple, and dark purple) can be recognized in order to adequately characterize passion fruit cultivars within the species P. edulis. At taxonomic level, Passiflora edulis Sims must be used for any plant and color of sour passion fruits, in combination with a cultivar name for the selected materials.
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Murley, Tyler, and Edgar Chambers. "The Influence of Colorants, Flavorants and Product Identity on Perceptions of Naturalness." Foods 8, no. 8 (August 4, 2019): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8080317.
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Natural foods are important to consumers, yet frustrating to producers due to the lack of a formal definition of “natural”. Previous work has studied how consumers define naturalness and how they rate the naturalness of various products, but there is a gap in knowledge relating to how color and flavor additives impact perceptions. The objective of this study was to understand how colorants and flavorants on ingredient statements affect perceptions of naturalness. An online survey was launched in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia to determine how consumers perceive products with ingredient statements containing different combinations of artificial and natural colors and flavors when shown with and without the product identity. Results showed that consumers look at the whole product primarily to make decisions about naturalness, but also consider other factors. Products derived from plants and products with natural colors and flavors were perceived to be the most natural. Artificial flavors may be more acceptable than artificial colors due to negative health perceptions and labeling rules associated with colors. Additionally, factors like ingredient familiarity and processing likely influence consumers when making decisions about product naturalness. Males, Millennials, and educated participants have higher naturalness scores than other participants in their respective demographics.
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Griesbach, R. J. "A Fertile Tetraploid Anigozanthos Hybrid Produced by in Vitro Colchicine Treatment." HortScience 25, no. 7 (July 1990): 802–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.7.802.
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Kangaroo paw is a new cut flower crop native to Australia. There are several interspecific hybrids with improved flower colors, heat tolerance, and growth habit. These hybrids are sterile due to divergent evolution of the parent species. Colchicine was used to double the chromosome number of one important sterile hybrid. This hybrid is everblooming. dwarf. and heat tolerant. The resulting allodiploid was fertile, and progeny are now being evaluated.
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Betzler, Alberto S., and Orahcio F. de Sousa. "Photometric BVR Observations of (65803) Didymos after DART." Research Notes of the AAS 6, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/acab68.
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Abstract The near-Earth binary asteroid Didymos was observed by robotic telescopes in Australia, Chile, and the United States three to five weeks after its impact with the DART spacecraft. The B − R spectral slope of the Didymos system was 13% ± 1%/100 nm, redder than that of the Sun, active comets, and its previously measured colors. The dust cloud around the Didymos system caused a mean drop of 0.29 ± 0.08 mag and had an optical thickness of 0.27 ± 0.07, based on observations from October 27.743 and 28.740 UT. The mean FWHM of the photometric profile of the Didymos system was 1.1 ± 0.1 larger than that of the unsaturated field stars in the R band during our observing campaign. According to our results, the B − R color index was the best parameter to detect the activity of this asteroid in the visible range.
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Yazaki, Yoshikazu. "Wood Colors and their Coloring Matters: A Review." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 3 (March 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000332.
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A number of colored specialty woods, such as ebony, rosewood, mahogany and amboyna, and commercially important woods, such as morus, logwood, Brazilwood, Japanese yellowwood, blackwood, kwila, red beech and myrtle beech, exhibit a wide range of colors from black, violet, dark red, reddish brown, to pale yellow. These colors are not only due to colored pigments contained in extractives from those woods but also to insoluble polymers. Wood and bark from many species of both hardwood and softwood trees contain many types of flavonoid compounds. Research on flavonoids has been conducted mainly from two points of view. The first is chemotaxonomy with flavonoid compounds as taxonomic markers, and the second relates to the utilization of woods for pulp and paper and the use of tannins from bark for wood adhesives. Most chemotaxonomic studies have been conducted on flavonoids in the extracts from softwoods such as Podocarpus, Pinus, Pseudotsuga, Larix, Taxus, Libocedrus, Tsuja, Taxodium, Sequoia, Cedrus, Tsuga, Abies and Picea. Hardwood chemotaxonomic studies include those on Prunus and Eucalyptus species. Studies on flavonoids in pulp and paper production were conducted on Eucalyptus woods in Australia and woods from Douglas fir in the USA and larch in Japan. Flavonoids as tannin resources from black wattle tannin and quebracho tannin have been used commercially as wood adhesives. Flavonoids in the bark from radiata pine and southern pine, from western and eastern hemlock, southern red oak and Quercus dentata are also discussed. In addition, the distribution of flavonoids among tree species is described, as is the first isolation of rare procyanidin glycosides in nature.
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Brand, J., A. Wain, A. V. Rode, S. Madden, P. L. King, and L. Rapp. "Femtosecond pulse laser cleaning of spray paint from heritage stone surfaces." Optics Express 30, no. 17 (August 10, 2022): 31122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.468750.
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We explore the use of femtosecond laser pulses to clean a variety of colors of spray paint from the Moruya granite, a stone with high heritage value that is widely used for monuments and sculptures in Sydney and New South Wales (Australia). The efficiency of the cleaning treatment and the effects on the stone substrate are evaluated using optical microscopy, optical profilometry, Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and colorimetry. We demonstrate that femtosecond laser cleans granite without damaging it and without discoloration when the laser fluence is set below the damage threshold of the stone.
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Serudin, HJ, and HJ Tinggal. "DIVERSITY OF NEPHELIUM SPECIES IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 625a—625. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.625a.
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Nephelium spp. are abundant in Brunei Darussalam. Their trees bear fruits of various sizes and colors and are highly ornate, but only a few are known and cultivated for their edible fruit. The best known is the rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum Linn) which is extensively cultivated in parts of SE Asia & N. Australia. The commercial rambutan cultivars evolved from years of natural & artificial selection, resulting in wide variations of fruit sizes, colors & tastes. Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore and Brunei each have their own favorite cultivars & clones. One of the most formidable research challenges of rambutan is to extend the shelf life of the fruit. The soft spinterns and fragile skin deteriorates rapidly, becoming dull brownish & dry within four days of harvest. The white translucent flesh also rapidly becomes soft and watery. A potential research direction is to breed for `spintern-less' rambutan. This strategy may be feasible within the genetic resources of Nephelium in Brunei Darussalam where there are spintern-less types. The diversity of Nephelium species found in Brunei Darussalam will be elaborated on.
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Арабулі, С. І., А. Т. Арабулі, В. С. Труба, and Д. Р. Левицька. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЕКРАНУЮЧИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ТЕКСТИЛЬНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ ЩОДО ДІЇ УЛЬТРАФІОЛЕТОВОГО ВИПРОМІНЮВАННЯ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 152, no. 6 (October 1, 2021): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.6.2.
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Study the possibility of using textile materials for shielding against the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation. Methodology. Theoretical and experimental researchs are based on the basic principles of textile materials science. The UV shielding ability of textiles was assessed by the UV protection factor (UPF). The UV protection factor was evaluated on a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Cary 50, Varian, Australia) in accordance with AS / NZ 4399: 1996 in the wavelength range 280-400 nm. According to AS / NZ 4399: 1996, textiles are classified according to the value of the UV protection factor (UPF) as those that provide "excellent UV protection", "very good UV protection", "good UV protection", "does not protect against UV radiation." Results. The main sources of UV radiation are analyzed and the features of the conditions of human exposure when working indoors and outside are considered. It has been established that the degree of human exposure depends on the intensity of UV radiation, and can be reduced by using protective equipment. Flexible textile screens can be one of the effective means of protection against UV radiation. The advantages of textile screens are the possibility of their modification and the ability to create shielding products of various shapes. The level of protective properties of textile screens depends on many factors, namely: the chemical nature of the polymer of textile materials, structural characteristics, modification by certain substances, color, moisture, etc. The results of the study of the coefficient of protection against ultraviolet radiation of textile materials, depending on their color are presented. Scientific novelty. It is proved that the optical properties are not only important for the evaluation of appearance of the textile and garment aesthetic perception, they can control the shielding properties of the textile to the action of UV radiation. It was found that dark saturated colors of textile fabrics, all other conditions being equal, provide shielding properties at the level of "very good protection" compared to light unsaturated colors (the UPF level varies from 10 to 35 with increasing color saturation). Practical value. The possibility of using textile materials for UV protection has been confirmed.
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Khomenko, Liliya, and Lydmila SAHER. "SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF LOGOS AS A MARKETING PROMOTION TOOL FOR BLOOD SERVICE ENTERPRISES." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 298, no. 5 Part 1 (October 4, 2021): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-298-5(1)-19.
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The article conducted a comparative analysis of the blood services’ logos, identified the features of their constituent elements for the new logo’s development or existing logo’s rebranding, and suggested ways to increase their efficiency. It was found 100 logos of various blood service establishments on the Internet, in particular on the official websites of the establishments and official pages on social networks, 43 of them – Europe (12 of them – Ukraine), 13 – Asia, 19 – South and North America, 15 – Africa, 10 – Australia and Oceania. There were explored the following aspects: symbolic and font elements in the logo, the colors used and their quantity, the main messages of identity, and regional differences. There were used general scientific analytical methods and analogies and prototypes to obtain practical results during the study. This study indicates that most blood establishments in the region are characterized by combined compositions in logos – a combination of the font with a visual component but with a fairly direct connotation. The most popular colors in the blood service are red, blue, black, and white font. Logos most often use 2 colors (except white), less often 1 or 3. The following blood service symbols are most often used: a drop of blood, heart, cross, person, and hands. There is also a circle, a crescent moon, a pelican, a star, and a butterfly. They stimulate a certain type of behavior and affect feelings. The results of this research allow to create a good separation from competitors and several times increase the marketing performance of the newly formed organization or existing. Blood service institutions can use this study’s results to rebrand the organization and organizations’ owners to develop the future brand’s identity.
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Puerari, Ivânio, Margarita Valdez-Gutiérrez, Sebastian Gurovich, Kenneth F. Freeman, and Héctor Hernández-Toledo. "Near Infrared Photometry of Southern Pairs and Triplets of Galaxies." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S235 (August 2006): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921306006405.
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AbstractWe present near infrared photometry of select pairs and triplets of galaxies observed with the CASPIR camera attached to the 2.3m Advanced Technology Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory, Australia. The preliminary results show that galaxies in pairs or triplets present near infrared colors that are redder than normal galaxies. We also performed a morphological analysis using bi-dimensional Fourier Transform techniques, as well as classical bulge + disk fits. Compared to isolated galaxies, the light distribution of galaxies in pairs and triplets often needs a larger number of Fourier coefficients to be well represented. Also, light profiles usually show deviations from the exponential disk (disk distortions, strong bars, etc.). In the future we intend to define some method to quantify the strength of the interactions by using the Fourier coefficients and/or the magnitude of the deviations from the classical Sersic + exponential laws.
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PERKINS, PHILIP D. "A revision of the water beetle genus Gymnochthebius Orchymont (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) for Australia and Papua New Guinea." Zootaxa 1024, no. 1 (July 29, 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1024.1.1.
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The Australian and Papua New Guinean species of the water beetle genus Gymnochthebius Orchymont, 1943, are revised, based on the study of 4,904 specimens. The genus is redescribed, and redescriptions are provided for G. australis (Blackburn), G. brisbanensis (Blackburn), G. clarki (Deane), G. levis (Deane), G. lividus (Deane), G. notalis (Deane), and G. tenebricosus (Deane). Lectotypes are designated for Ochthebius australis Blackburn, 1888, and Ochthebius tenebricosus Deane, 1931. Ochthebius fischeri Deane, 1931, and Ochthebius leai Deane, 1931, are synonymized with Ochthebius australis Blackburn, 1888; Ochthebius flavocinctus Deane 1933, is synonymized with Ochthebius lividus Deane, 1933; and Ochthebius angustipennis Deane, 1931, is synonymized with Ochthebius clarki Deane, 1931. Twenty-nine new species are described, and a key to the 36 species known from Australia and Papua New Guinea is given. High resolution digital images of all primary types are presented (online version in color), the male genitalia are illustrated, and Australian geographic distributions are mapped. Only one species, G. clarki, inhabits both Australia and Papua New Guinea; two species, G. bacchusi n. sp. and G. papua n. sp. are endemic to Papua New Guinea; 33 species are endemic to Australia. Members of Gymnochthebius are found at the gravelly/sandy/silty margins of flowing and standing water. A preliminary grouping of species according to microhabitat substrate is presented. Correspondences between ventral morphology and microhabitat preferences suggest that a few species are evolving toward humicolous habits. New species of Gymnochthebius are: G. angulonotus (Queensland, Tinaroo Creek Road via Mareeba), G. bacchusi (Papua New Guinea, Morobe District, c. 7 miles Lae Bulolo Road), G. benesculptus (South Australia, Warburton River, 1 km N White Bull Yard Kalamurina Stn.), G. coruscus (South Australia, Warburton River, 1 km N White Bull Yard Kalamurina Stn.), G. fontinalis (South Australia, Elizabeth (Mound) Springs, 7 km NW Coward Springs R.S.), G. fumosus (New South Wales, Sydney), G. hesperius (Western Australia, Lyndon River Bridge), G. inlineatus (Western Australia, Millstream, creek near Deep Reach), G. lustrosulcus (Queensland, Cloncurry), G. minipunctus (Northern Territory, Palm Valley), G. nanosetus (Northern Territory, Roderick Creek, Gregory National Park), G. nicki (Victoria, Possum Hollow falls, West branch Tarwin River, 5.6 km SSW Allambee), G. nigriceps (South Australia, Mound Spring near Coward Springs), G. papua (Papua New Guinea, Morobe District, ca. 10 km S Garaina Saureri), G. perpunctus (South Australia, Somme Creek, between Angaston and Sedan), G. pluvipennis (South Australia, Warburton
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Arakawa, Etsuo, Wolfgang Voegeli, Chika Kamezawa, Ryutaro Iwami, Tetsuroh Shirasawa, Yudai Yamaguchi, Masashi Kamogawa, Masataka Nakata, and Kazuyuki Hyodo. "Gemstones and Salts as Light Emitters for Learning X-ray Detectors." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314081820.
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The scintillation counter is a widely-used X-ray detector. It contains a scintillator as a luminescent material that converts X-rays into visible light, which is detected with a sensor. A well-known scintillator in the X-ray region is sodium iodide, NaI, an ionic crystal. Before use, it is important to understand how the detector works. For students, the material name and the chemical formula of the scintillator are not familiar, however. In addition, students cannot watch or touch the key element in the detector, because the scintillator is installed inside the housing. Many jewels emit visible light or change their colors under ultraviolet light irradiation. Under X-ray irradiation, the same jewels exhibit similar responses as well. If popular jewels instead of special ionic crystals were used as scintillators, students might show interest in these materials. We propose that photographs of beautiful, brightly shining gemstones and salts could be used as visual educational materials for students to learn the principles of X-ray detectors. Different gemstones and salts were irradiated by intense white synchrotron X-ray radiation at beamline NE7A1 of the PF-AR synchrotron radiation facility at KEK, Japan. Photographs of fluorescence and phosphorescence from the gemstones, and of color changes due to the irradiation, were taken with a remote controlled digital camera. It should be noted that the experimental setup of this study is an easily understood handmade X-ray detector. We will present photographs of exciting gemstones such as Fluorite from the US, Hackmanite from Afghanistan, Mangano Calcite from China, Ruby from Brazil, Selenite from Canada, and Black Opal from Australia. We also irradiated different kinds of colored Himalayan Rock Salt from India or Pakistan, shown in Fig. 1. We will explain basic concepts of X-ray detectors, such as photon counting, dead time, recording, and quantum efficiency, with these photographs.
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Kelly, Richard O., Zhanao Deng, and Brent K. Harbaugh. "Evaluation of 125 Petunia Cultivars as Bedding Plants and Establishment of Class Standards." HortTechnology 17, no. 3 (January 2007): 386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.17.3.386.
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Central Florida has a climate similar to many locations in the southeastern United States and parts of Asia, Europe, and Australia. Thus, Florida is an important testing ground for new bedding plant cultivars not only in the United States, but around the world. The authors evaluated 125 petunia (Petunia ×hybrida) cultivars in replicated class tests at Bradenton, Fla. (lat. 27º4′N, long. 82º5′W) in 2000–04 and at Balm, Fla. (lat. 27º8′N, long. 82º2′W) in 2005–06. In this report they establish petunia classes and cultivar standards for each class, and provide objective plant measurements of vegetative and floral characteristics, and subjective performance ratings. Petunia cultivars were grouped into 73 classes based on the distinguishing characteristics for petunia, which are plant type and height, and flower type, color, and color pattern. Comparisons were made within each class to determine performance and to select a cultivar as the standard for the class—a plant with the highest overall performance rating that can represent the class in future trials against new cultivars. During the initial trials, larger numbers of cultivars were evaluated and eliminated from future comparisons when each class standard was selected. Many flower colors and color combinations, as well as plant types and other distinctive characteristics have been developed for bedding plants. By creating class standards for each distinctive characteristic, better choices over a wider range of classes are available to growers and landscapers in this climate. Cultivars with an outstanding overall performance rating (combined foliage, flower, arthropod feeding symptom, and disease symptom ratings ≥5.5 points on a 1 to 7-point scale) for class standard selections were (floribunda, single mix class) ‘Madness Waterfall Mix’ and [single purple (dark), red-violet class] ‘Madness Magenta’; [grandiflora, single blue (dark) class] ‘Eagle Blue’, (single orange shades/tints class) ‘Ultra Salmon’, and [single purple (dark), red-violet class] ‘Storm Violet’; and [spreading, normal, orange (dark) shades/tints class] ‘Ramblin’ Salmon Capri’, [orange (light) shades/tints class] ‘Ramblin’ Peach Glo’, [pink (dark) class] ‘Wave Pink’, [purple (dark), blue-violet class] ‘Avalanche Lavender’, [purple (light) blue-violet class] ‘Ramblin’ Lavender’, (red class) ‘Avalanche Red Improved’, (rose class) ‘Avalanche Rose Improved’, (white class) ‘Plush White’, and [spreading, tall; blue (dark) class] ‘Wave Blue’. These cultivars would likely perform well in the southern United States or areas of the world with similar heat and cold hardiness zones.
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Duarte, Lígia Maria Lembo, Maria Amélia Vaz Alexandre, Eliana Borges Rivas, Marina Blanco Cattai, Rodrigo Martins Soares, Ricardo Harakava, and Flora Maria Campos Fernandes. "Phylogenetic analysis of Tomato mosaic virus from Hemerocallis sp. and Impatiens hawkeri." Summa Phytopathologica 33, no. 4 (December 2007): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052007000400016.
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The culture and commercialization of ornamental plants have considerably increased in the last years. To supply the commercial demand, several Hemerocallis and Impatiens varieties have been bred for appreciated qualities such as flowers with a diversity of shapes and colors. With the aim of characterizing the tobamovirus isolated from Hemerocallis sp. (tobamo-H) and Impatiens hawkeri (tobamo-I) from the USA and São Paulo, respectively, as well as to establish phylogenetic relationships between them and other Tobamovirus species, the viruses were submitted to RNA extraction, RT-PCR amplification, coat-protein gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Comparison of tobamovirus homologous sequences yielded values superior to 98.5% of identity with Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) isolates at the nucleotide level. In relation to tobamo-H, 100% of identity with ToMV from tomatoes from Australia and Peru was found. Based on maximum likelihood (ML) analysis it was suggested that tobamo-H and tobamo-I share a common ancestor with ToMV, Tobacco mosaic virus, Odontoglossum ringspot virus and Pepper mild mottle virus. The tree topology reconstructed under ML methodology shows a monophyletic group, supported by 100% of bootstrap, consisting of various ToMV isolates from different hosts, including some ornamentals, from different geographical locations. The results indicate that Hemerocallis sp. and I. hawkeri are infected by ToMV. This is the first report of the occurrence of this virus in ornamental species in Brazil.
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Alqarni, Muteb. "Cat Naming Practices in Saudi Arabia." Names 70, no. 2 (June 3, 2022): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/names.2022.2334.
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The current paper explores cat naming practices in Saudi Arabia (SA), an Islamic Arabic-speaking country in the Middle East. Based on a corpus of 586 cat names, the study reveals that female cat owners assign non-Arabic foreign names to their cats, while their male counterparts prefer traditional Arabic ones. In general, however, Saudi cat owners of both genders choose Arabic or non-Arabic names on the basis of whether or not their cat is local or purchased. Locally adopted cats are given Arabic names, whereas non-locally purchased felines receive non-Arabic ones. The study also shows that most of the cat names given by the SA respondents in this investigation are personal names commonly given to people. This anthropomorphized tendency in name selection corroborates the results of earlier studies conducted in the USA and Australia (e.g., Abel & Kruger 2007), Germany (e.g., Bergien 2014) and Sweden (e.g., Leibring 2014), but contradicts research undertaken in Taiwan (Chen 2017) and Ghana (Yakub 2020). Aside from human names, the study reports other cat names related to food, colors, plants, places, royal titles, and body parts. As far as the linguistic characteristics of the cat names are concerned, Saudi cat names have reduplicated structures or onomatopoeic associations. They also end with vowels [e.g., -i, -a, -u] or other suffixes such as [-ah] or [-aan].
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Stępniak, Krzysztof. "Jeden świat. Reklama społeczna w dobie pandemii." Media Biznes Kultura, no. 2 (11) (December 22, 2021): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25442554.mbk.21.014.15155.
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The article is an excerpt from a wider research project carried out by the author in October– December 2020, concerning advertising materials used by WHO and selected countries (Poland, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa) in social campaigns during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This text presents one case study – a campaign used in Poland, comparing its messages with WHO advertising materials. The main thesis was taken from the thought of Ivan Krastev, who claims that the pandemic made everyone realize that all people are inhabitants of “One World” in the face of a global threat. The entire study used the triangulation of two research methods – case study and compositional interpretation by Gillian Rose. Roman Jakobson’s model of linguistic communication was used to examine the verbal layer of messages. In the linguistic layer of the messages, their considerable persuasiveness was assumed. In the visual layer, due to the simplicity of the form, it is limited to the compositional modality, with particular emphasis on colors and iconic signs. The text shows how important a role in communication, especially in times of a pandemic, is played by social advertising campaigns. Paradoxically, a pandemic that threatens humanity may also open up new, comparative areas of research on the effectiveness of mass communication means used in some countries, which can be successfully used in others.
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Dyer, Adrian G., Skye Boyd-Gerny, Stephen McLoughlin, Marcello G. P. Rosa, Vera Simonov, and Bob B. M. Wong. "Parallel evolution of angiosperm colour signals: common evolutionary pressures linked to hymenopteran vision." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1742 (June 6, 2012): 3606–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0827.
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Flowering plants in Australia have been geographically isolated for more than 34 million years. In the Northern Hemisphere, previous work has revealed a close fit between the optimal discrimination capabilities of hymenopteran pollinators and the flower colours that have most frequently evolved. We collected spectral data from 111 Australian native flowers and tested signal appearance considering the colour discrimination capabilities of potentially important pollinators. The highest frequency of flower reflectance curves is consistent with data reported for the Northern Hemisphere. The subsequent mapping of Australian flower reflectances into a bee colour space reveals a very similar distribution of flower colour evolution to the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, flowering plants in Australia are likely to have independently evolved spectral signals that maximize colour discrimination by hymenoptera. Moreover, we found that the degree of variability in flower coloration for particular angiosperm species matched the range of reflectance colours that can only be discriminated by bees that have experienced differential conditioning. This observation suggests a requirement for plasticity in the nervous systems of pollinators to allow generalization of flowers of the same species while overcoming the possible presence of non-rewarding flower mimics.
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Starman, Terri Woods, and Millie S. Williams. "Chemical Growth Retardant Application to Scaevola." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 522b—522. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.522b.
Full textAbstract:
Fan flower (Scaevola aemula L.) has become a popular specialty bedding and hanging basket plant in the United States. The genus contains several species from Australia and the Indo-Pacific region and there exists a wide diversity of growth habits and flower colors, including blue, violet, pink and white. Our objective was to measure the effect of type of growth retardant, method of application, and chemical concentration on S. aemula `New Wonder', `Mini Pink Fan', 'Purple Fan', and `Royal Fan', S. albida 'White Fan', and S. striata `Colonial Fan'. Variables measured included days to flower, plant width, flower stem number, flower stem length, and flower number per stem. Uniconazole applied as a media drench to S. aemula `New Wonder' at 1.0 and 2.0 mg·L–1 decreased plant width and flower stem length without affecting time to flower or flower number. Therefore, number of flowers per cm of stem length on S. aemula `New Wonder' was increased, resulting in attractive, compact clusters of flowers on pendulus stems. Paclobutrazol drench (4.0 and 8.0 mg·L–1) was also effective. Daminozide spray (5000 mg·L–1) reduced plant width but flower number was reduced. Ancymidol foliar sprays and media drenches (all rates) had no effect on the parameters measured. Ethephon (500 and 1000 mg·L–1) reduced plant width, but delayed flowering and reduced flower number. Uniconazole drenches were beneficial in improving the quality of S. aemula. `New Wonder' grown in hanging baskets, but the growth control was not long-lived. The effect of uniconzole on plant growth varied with Scaevola species and cultivars.
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McKay, Suzanne F., Stanley Freeman, Dror Minz, Marcel Maymon, Margaret Sedgley, Graham C. Collins, and Eileen S. Scott. "Morphological, Genetic, and Pathogenic Characterization of Colletotrichum acutatum, the Cause of Anthracnose of Almond in Australia." Phytopathology® 99, no. 8 (August 2009): 985–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-8-0985.
Full textAbstract:
Almond anthracnose was reported for the first time in Australia in 1998 and has since been observed in all of the major almond-growing regions. The organism causing anthracnose was confirmed as Colletotrichum acutatum using taxon-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three main morphotypes of C. acutatum from almond in Australia were identified (namely, pink, orange, and cream colony color) and the optimum temperature for mycelial growth of representative isolates was 25°C. Australian isolates of C. acutatum were more similar morphologically to the pink subpopulation of C. acutatum from California than to the gray Californian subpopulation and the isolates of Colletotrichum from Israel. Inter-simple-sequence-repeat (ISSR) PCR analysis revealed that the majority of Australian isolates shared an identical banding pattern whereas Australian isolates of C. acutatum from almond were distinct from isolates of the pink and gray subpopulations of C. acutatum from almond in California and of Colletotrichum spp. from almond in Israel. Sequence analysis of the internally transcribed spacer (ITS1-2) ribosomal DNA region of representative isolates differed from the results of ISSR-PCR in that polymorphisms were revealed among isolates, indicating that some genetic variation may be present. Pathogenicity experiments on detached leaves and fruit revealed pathogenic variation among representative isolates of C. acutatum from almond in Australia, California, and Israel; however, all isolates tested caused disease. Distinct subgroups among Australian isolates of C. acutatum from almond were not supported on the basis of morphology, mycelial growth rates, ISSR-PCR, and pathogenicity.
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Chew, Tracy, Cali E. Willet, Bianca Haase, and Claire M. Wade. "Genomic Characterization of External Morphology Traits in Kelpies Does Not Support Common Ancestry with the Australian Dingo." Genes 10, no. 5 (May 3, 2019): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10050337.
Full textAbstract:
The Kelpie is a breed developed in Australia for use as a livestock herding dog. It has been proposed that the development of the breed included gene flow from the Australian Dingo (Canis dingo), a canid species present on the Australian continent for around 4000 years. The Kelpie breed is split between working and conformation types that have readily recognizable differences in external morphology. We characterize known gene variants relating to external morphology in sequenced representatives of both Kelpie types (Australian Kelpie—conformation; Australian Working Kelpie—herding) and compare the variants present with those in sequenced Australian Dingoes, including 25 canids with locus-constrained data and one with a whole genome sequence. Variants assessed include identified coat color and ear morphology variants. We describe a new variant site in the transcribed region of methionine sulfoxide reductase 3 that may relate to ear phenotype. None of the morphology variants analyzed offer support for co-ancestry of the Kelpie breed with the Australian Dingo.
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Uddin, Saif, Montaha Behbehani, Nazima Habibi, Mohammed Faizuddin, Mohammad Al-Murad, Karell Martinez-Guijarro, Hanan A. Al-Sarawi, and Qusaie Karam. "Microplastics in Kuwait’s Wastewater Streams." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 15817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315817.
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The wastewater stream is the most significant contributor of microplastics (MPs) to the environment. There are five wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Kuwait. This baseline study provides an overview of MP removal in three major WWTPs in Kuwait that treat some 81.31% of the wastewater produced. The Sulabiya WWTP was the most efficient in MP removal, followed by the Kabd and Umm Al-Haiman WWTPs. The MP removal efficiency of plants in Kuwait is very high for Sulabiya WWTP and Kabd WWTP with an average of 2.5 MP L−1 in treated effluent comparable to the WWTPs in Australia, the United States, and Europe. The standard methodology of sample collection, preparation, and identification using microscopic examination and micro-Raman spectrometry was followed. Over 94.5 billion MPs enter the three WWTPs daily; 92.3 billion MPs are retained in sludge, while 2.2 billion are passed into the environment due to the use of treated effluent. The influent, effluent, and sludge MP inventories ranged between 119 and 230 MP L−1, 1 and 12 MP L−1, and 72 and 103 MP 10 g−1 respectively. The fiber was the dominant shape, and white, transparent, and black were prevalent colors. Currently, sludge is not used in Kuwait for any terrestrial or agricultural application; however, sludge is routinely used in many countries as a soil additive in agricultural farms. Using effluent water in irrigation leads to MP dissemination in the terrestrial environment. It is necessary to assess how far these MPs move in the soil profile and if they can contaminate the shallow aquifers. The observation of MP retention in sludge and effluent is empirical, and the use of these matrixes in agriculture is likely to raise an issue of food safety.
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Burd, Martin, C. Tristan Stayton, Mani Shrestha, and Adrian G. Dyer. "Distinctive convergence in Australian floral colours seen through the eyes of Australian birds." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1781 (April 22, 2014): 20132862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2862.
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We used a colour-space model of avian vision to assess whether a distinctive bird pollination syndrome exists for floral colour among Australian angiosperms. We also used a novel phylogenetically based method to assess whether such a syndrome represents a significant degree of convergent evolution. About half of the 80 species in our sample that attract nectarivorous birds had floral colours in a small, isolated region of colour space characterized by an emphasis on long-wavelength reflection. The distinctiveness of this ‘red arm’ region was much greater when colours were modelled for violet-sensitive (VS) avian vision than for the ultraviolet-sensitive visual system. Honeyeaters (Meliphagidae) are the dominant avian nectarivores in Australia and have VS vision. Ancestral state reconstructions suggest that 31 lineages evolved into the red arm region, whereas simulations indicate that an average of five or six lineages and a maximum of 22 are likely to have entered in the absence of selection. Thus, significant evolutionary convergence on a distinctive floral colour syndrome for bird pollination has occurred in Australia, although only a subset of bird-pollinated taxa belongs to this syndrome. The visual system of honeyeaters has been the apparent driver of this convergence.
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Moxon, T., S. J. B. Reed, and M. Zhang. "Metamorphic effects on agate found near the Shap granite, Cumbria, England: as demonstrated by petrography, X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic methods." Mineralogical Magazine 71, no. 4 (August 2007): 461–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2007.071.4.461.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAgates from a 430 Ma host at Stockdale Beck, Cumbria, England have been characterized. The crystallite size of the Stockdale Beck agates was found to be ~60% greater than any other agates from five regions aged 400–1100 Ma. Raman spectroscopy identified moganite in all agates tested except those from Stockdale Beck. Infrared spectroscopy showed that the silanol content of the Stockdale Beck agates was near zero. The properties of agates from Stockdale Beck and the 1.84–3.48 Ga metamorphosed hosts found in Western Australia were similar but different from agates found in other hosts aged 400–1100 Ma. Cathodoluminescence demonstrates further differences between agates from hosts aged 13–1100 Ma and those from Stockdale Beck and Western Australia. Agates from the latter areas have a lower proportion of defects causing a red emission band (~660 nm) but an increased proportion of defects causing blue (~470 nm) and orange (~640 nm) emission bands. Agates found in hosts aged 13–1100 Ma are also differentiated from the Stockdale Beck and Western Australian agates in a ternary plot of the relative intensities of violet to blue to orange emission bands. Single scans producing this combination of colours are only found in the Stockdale Beck and Western Australian agates. The properties shown by the Stockdale Beck and Western Australian agates demonstrate that an agate or chalcedony infill can be used to identify post-deposition palaeoheating within a host rock.
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PERKINS, PHILIP D. "A review of the coastal marsh water beetle Ochthebius queenslandicus Hansen (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)." Zootaxa 1625, no. 1 (October 29, 2007): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1625.1.2.
Full textAbstract:
Ochthebius (s. str.) queenslandicus Hansen is taxonomically reviewed. The species is redescribed, male genitalia illustrated, distribution data given, and geographical distributions mapped. High resolution digital images of the holotype are presented (online version in color). Ochthebius queenslandicus, the only Australian member of the genus, is known from four widely separated coastal localities, near the cities of Perth, Darwin, Karumba, and Townsville; only 41 specimens are known. It is primarily a coastal marsh species that appears to be most closely related to a species in Thailand. Members of the subgenus are not yet known from areas between Thailand and Australia.
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Minaei, K. "First report of an endemic Australian thrips, Thrips australis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Eucalyptus in Shiraz, Iran." Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 44, no. 2 (August 31, 2012): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jear.2012.e9.
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The gum tree thrips, <em>Thrips australis</em> (Bagnall) is recorded from Shiraz, Fars province, Iran for the first time. Variation in color and structure of species is discussed and illustrations are provided.
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Baehr, Barbara C., Joseph Schubert, and Danilo Harms. "The Brushed Jumping Spiders (Araneae, Salticidae, Jotus L. Koch, 1881) from Eastern Australia." Evolutionary Systematics 3, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.3.34496.
Full textAbstract:
The Australian fauna of Jumping spiders (family Salticidae) is highly diverse and includes iconic lineages such as the peacock spiders (genus Maratus Karsch, 1878) that are well-known for their vibrant colours and fascinating behaviours. Many other jumping spiders in Australia are also highly attractive but almost nothing is known about their diversity and taxonomic identity. Here, we describe and illustrate eight species of ‘brushed’ jumping spiders (genus Jotus L. Koch, 1881). Three of these were described more than 140 years ago and are redescribed and illustrated here: Jotusauripes L. Koch, 1881, J.braccatus L. Koch, 1881 and J.minutus L. Koch, 1881. Five new species are also described: Jotusalbimanussp. nov., J.fortiniaesp. nov., J.karllagerfeldisp. nov., Jotusmoonensissp. nov., and J.newtonisp. nov. While Jotus is a diverse and frequently observed genus in Australia, specimens are strangely rare in museum collections. A comprehensive revisionary framework including targeted field work and molecular methods will be required to fully document this charismatic and attractive group of spiders.
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Fayet-Moore, Flavia, Cinthya Wibisono, Prudence Carr, Emily Duve, Peter Petocz, Graham Lancaster, Joanna McMillan, Skye Marshall, and Michelle Blumfield. "An Analysis of the Mineral Composition of Pink Salt Available in Australia." Foods 9, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9101490.
Full textAbstract:
Little is known about the mineral composition of pink salt. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the mineral composition of pink salt available for purchase in Australia and its implications for public health. Pink salt samples were purchased from retail outlets in two metropolitan Australian cities and one regional town. Color intensity, salt form, and country of origin were coded. A mass spectrometry scan in solids was used to determine the amount of 25 nutrients and non-nutritive minerals in pink salt (n = 31) and an iodized white table salt control (n = 1). A wide variation in the type and range of nutrients and non-nutritive minerals across pink salt samples were observed. One pink salt sample contained a level of lead (>2 mg/kg) that exceeded the national maximum contaminant level set by Food Standards Australia New Zealand. Pink salt in flake form, pink salt originating from the Himalayas, and darker colored pink salt were generally found to contain higher levels of minerals (p < 0.05). Despite pink salt containing nutrients, >30 g per day (approximately 6 teaspoons) would be required to make any meaningful contribution to nutrient intake, a level that would provide excessive sodium and potential harmful effects. The risk to public health from potentially harmful non-nutritive minerals should be addressed by Australian food regulations. Pink salt consumption should not exceed the nutrient reference values for Australia and New Zealand guidelines of <5 g of salt per day.
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TINERELLA, PAUL P. "Taxonomic revision and systematics of continental Australian pygmy water boatmen (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Corixoidea: Micronectidae)." Zootaxa 3623, no. 1 (March 11, 2013): 1–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3623.1.1.
Full textAbstract:
The pygmy water boatmen (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Micronectidae) of continental Australiaare revised. The two genera and 17 species occurring in Australiaare fully described and keyed. The following species are transferred to Austronecta gen. nov.: Micronecta australiensis Chen, M. micra Kirklady, and M. carinata Chen. Austronecta bartzarum, sp. nov., is newly described. Within Micronecta Kirkaldy, thirteen species are recorded, including M. paragoga sp. nov. The following new synonymies are proposed: Micronecta illiesi Wróblewski, Micronecta concordia King and Micronecta dixonia King are junior synonyms of Micronecta annae Kirkaldy. A lectotype is designated for Micronecta tasmanica Wróblewski. Micronecta ludibunda Breddin is newly recorded for Australia, based on one male examined from Queensland. Within Australia, range extensions are recorded for the following species: Austronecta australiensis (New South Wales, Queensland); A. micra (Western Australia); Micronecta lansburyi Wróblewski (Western Australia); M. adelaidae Chen (Western Australia); M. major Chen (Queensland); M. halei Chen (South Australia); M. virgata Hale (Northern Territory); M. quadristrigata Breddin (Northern Territory); and M. queenslandica Chen (Northern Territory). All species are described and illustrated. Discussion and documentation of all primary type material is provided and where available, type specimens are illustrated. All male genitalic structures are illustrated with scanning electron micrographs. Line drawings are included for all other diagnostic characters, along with color habitus illustrations for both sexes of all species. Distribution maps are included for the following species: Austronecta micra, A. bartzarum, Micronecta paragoga, M. lansburyi, M. adelaidae, M. major, M. virgata, M. halei, M. quadrstrigata, and M. queenslandica. Diagnostic morphology and variation is discussed for all treated species. A phylogenetic analysis of Australasian micronectid generic relationships is presented. Discussion is provided on zoogeographic relationships of Australian Micronectidae.
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Whittington, I. D. "Benedeniine capsalid monogeneans from Australian fishes: pathogenic species, site-specificity and camouflage." Journal of Helminthology 70, no. 3 (September 1996): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00015388.
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AbstractThere are about 70 species of capsalid monogeneans in the Benedeniinae worldwide but only about half are described from the diverse fish fauna in the Pacific Ocean. Up to 1992, only five species of benedeniines were known from Australia. Two potentially destructive species of benedeniines, Benedenia seriolae from Seriola lalandi and B. sciaenae from Argyrosomus hololepidotus from temperate Australian waters, are new host and geographic records for these monogeneans. A survey of some fishes from the Great Barrier Reef has revealed at least 15 undescribed species of benedeniines in addition to three species which have been described recently (B. lutjani, B. rohdei and Metabenedeniella parva). The few previous records for benedeniines from Australian fishes are probably the result of three factors. First, there have been relatively few careful studies of the external surfaces of fishes from Australia for monogeneans. Second, some benedeniines display a previously unsuspected specificity for particular external microhabitats on their hosts such as specific fins or sites previously unrecognized as microhabitats for monogeneans on the head of some species of fishes such as lip folds and branchiostegal membranes. Third, some benedeniines on the flanks and fins of some fish are extremely difficult to see because they are transparent and/or possess pigment spots throughout the body. Sometimes, benedeniines from colourful species of reef fish bear bright colours in their bodies. It is highly likely that these features serve as camouflage to conceal the parasites from predators such as cleaner organisms.
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Barbuy, Beatriz, and Michael S. Bessell. "Joint Discussion 1: Abundance Ratios in the Oldest Stars." Highlights of Astronomy 11, no. 1 (1998): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600019948.
Full textAbstract:
Joint Discussion 1 was supported by Division IV (Stars) and Commission 29 (Stellar Spectra), and co-supported by Commissions 28 (Galaxies), 36 (Theory of Stellar Atmospheres) and 37 (Stellar Clusters and Associations). Members of the scientific organizing committee were: N. Arimoto (Japan), B. Barbuy (Brazil), T. Beers (USA), J. Bergeron (Germany), M. Bessell (Australia), R. Cayrel (France), G. Gilmore (UK), B. Gustafsson (Sweden), F. Matteucci (Italy), P. Nissen (Den-mark), and M. Rich (USA).The inspiration for this meeting was the growing overlap and connections between previously separate areas of astrophysical research, namely, studies of stellar abundances, the bulges of galaxies, the gaseous components of nearby galaxies and the clouds (some of which may be primordial) responsible for the narrow absorption lines in quasars.The signature of the early chemical evolution of our Galaxy is imprinted in the abundance ratios of the oldest stars. We recall that element ratios are determined by a mix of the relative rates of different types of supernovae, the stellar IMF, and the relative histories of star formation rates and gaseous flows, and thus encapsulate much of the history of star formation and ISM evolution in galaxies. Hence, abundance ratios in stars are a primary probe for testing theories of galaxy formation and evolution.We do not know how the Galaxy formed: both the Eggen, Lynden-Bell & Sandage (1962) and the Searle & Zinn (1978) scenarios may be accommodated in the recent proposal of van den Bergh (1993) where the inner Galaxy follows ELS, whereas the outer Galaxy formation conforms to the Searle-Zinn proposition. A combination of abundance ratios, ages derived from colour-magnitude diagrams, and kinematical properties, can give us the required information to trace the past history of our Galaxy. We note here, that although stellar evolution and model atmospheres are not discussed in the proceedings both topics are of fundamental underlying importance. Model atmospheres are used to derive temperatures, colors and bolometric corrections of stars that are used not only in abundance analyses but also in deriving the ages of stars by comparing CM diagrams with HR diagrams. This process is under close scrutiny because of the apparent difference between the ages of the oldest stars and the expansion age of the universe.
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PERKINS, PHILIP D. "A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)." Zootaxa 1489, no. 1 (May 31, 2007): 1–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1.
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The Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann, 1794, are revised, based on the study of 7,654 specimens. The 29 previously named species are redescribed, and 56 new species are described. The species are placed in 24 species groups. High resolution digital images of all primary types are presented (online version in color), and geographic distributions are mapped. Male genitalia, representative female terminal abdominal segments and representative spermathecae are illustrated. Australian Hydraena are typically found in sandy/gravelly stream margins, often in association with streamside litter; some species are primarily pond dwelling, a few species are humicolous, and one species may be subterranean. The areas of endemicity and species richness coincide quite closely with the Bassian, Torresian, and Timorian biogeographic subregions. Eleven species are shared between the Bassian and Torresian subregions, and twelve are shared between the Torresian and Timorian subregions. Only one species, H. impercepta Zwick, is known to be found in both Australia and Papua New Guinea. One Australian species, H. ambiflagellata, is also known from New Zealand. New species of Hydraena are: H. affirmata (Queensland, Palmerston National Park, Learmouth Creek), H. ambiosina (Queensland, 7 km NE of Tolga), H. antaria (New South Wales, Bruxner Flora Reserve), H. appetita (New South Wales, 14 km W Delagate), H. arcta (Western Australia, Synnot Creek), H. ascensa (Queensland, Rocky Creek, Kennedy Hwy.), H. athertonica (Queensland, Davies Creek), H. australula (Western Australia, Synnot Creek), H. bidefensa (New South Wales, Bruxner Flora Reserve), H. biimpressa (Queensland, 19.5 km ESE Mareeba), H. capacis (New South Wales, Unumgar State Forest, near Grevillia), H. capetribensis (Queensland, Cape Tribulation area), H. converga (Northern Territory, Roderick Creek, Gregory National Park), H. cubista (Western Australia, Mining Camp, Mitchell Plateau), H. cultrata (New South Wales, Bruxner Flora Reserve), H. cunninghamensis (Queensland, Main Range National Park, Cunningham's Gap, Gap Creek), H. darwini (Northern Territory, Darwin), H. deliquesca (Queensland, 5 km E Wallaman Falls), H. disparamera (Queensland, Cape Hillsborough), H. dorrigoensis (New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, Rosewood Creek, upstream from Coachwood Falls), H. ferethula (Northern Territory, Cooper Creek, 19 km E by S of Mt. Borradaile), H. finniganensis (Queensland, Gap Creek, 5 km ESE Mt. Finnigan), H. forticollis (Western Australia, 4 km W of King Cascade), H. fundaequalis (Victoria, Simpson Creek, 12 km SW Orbost), H. fundata (Queensland, Hann Tableland, 13 km WNW Mareeba), H. hypipamee (Queensland, Mt. Hypipamee National Park, 14 km SW Malanda), H. inancala (Queensland, Girraween National Park, Bald Rock Creek at "Under-ground Creek"), H. innuda (Western Australia, Mitchell Plateau, 16 mi. N Amax Camp), H. intraangulata (Queensland, Leo Creek Mine, McIlwrath Range, E of Coen), H. invicta (New South Wales, Sydney), H. kakadu (Northern Territory, Kakadu National Park, Gubara), H. larsoni (Queensland, Windsor Tablelands), H. latisoror (Queensland, Lamington National Park, stream at head of Moran's Falls), H. luminicollis (Queensland, Lamington National Park, stream at head of Moran's Falls), H. metzeni (Queensland, 15 km NE Mareeba), H. millerorum (Victoria, Traralgon Creek, 0.2 km N 'Hogg Bridge', 5.0 km NNW Balook), H. miniretia (Queensland, Mt. Hypipamee National Park, 14 km SW Malanda), H. mitchellensis (Western Australia, 4 km SbyW Mining Camp, Mitchell Plateau), H. monteithi (Queensland, Thornton Peak, 11 km NE Daintree), H. parciplumea (Northern Territory, McArthur River, 80 km SW of Borroloola), H. porchi (Victoria, Kangaroo Creek on Springhill Rd., 5.8 km E Glenlyon), H. pugillista (Queensland, 7 km N Mt. Spurgeon), H. queenslandica (Queensland, Laceys Creek, 10 km SE El Arish), H. reticuloides (Queensland, 3 km ENE of Mt. Tozer), H. reticulositis (Western Australia, Mining Camp, Mitchell Plateau), H. revelovela (Northern Territory, Kakadu National Park, GungurulLookout), H. spinissima (Queensland, Main Range National Park, Cunningham's Gap, Gap Creek), H. storeyi (Queensland, Cow Bay, N of Daintree River), H. tenuisella (Queensland, 3 km W of Batavia Downs), H. tenuisoror (Australian Capital Territory, Wombat Creek, 6 km NE of Piccadilly Circus), H. textila (Queensland, Laceys Creek, 10 km SE El Arish), H. tridisca (Queensland, Mt. Hemmant), H. triloba (Queensland, Mulgrave River, Goldsborough Road Crossing), H. wattsi (Northern Territory, Holmes Jungle, 11 km NE by E of Darwin), H. weiri (Western Australia, 14 km SbyE Kalumburu Mission), H. zwicki (Queensland, Clacherty Road, via Julatten).
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Tucker, D. H., I. G. Hone, D. Downie, A. Luyendyk, K. Horsfall, and V. Anfiloff. "Aeromagnetic regional survey of onshore Australia." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 2 (February 1988): 254–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442460.
Full textAbstract:
The Australian Bureau of Mineral Resources (BMR) is responsible for the National Airborne Magnetic Database. This data base consists of results from approximately 3 500 000 line‐km of regional survey flying carried out over 35 years, recording total magnetic intensity. The magnetic data base is one of the most important geophysical data bases for Australia and is used extensively by the minerals and petroleum exploration industries. First‐pass coverage of onshore Australia is aimed for completion in 1992. This coverage contains data from surveys with a wide range of specifications, resulting in a wide range of data quality; some of the areas covered by poorer quality data may be reflown later. For the most part, the intention has been to acquire data at a continuous ground clearance of 150 m and with a line spacing of 1500 m. However, over some sedimentary basins, the line spacing is in excess of 3200 m. New color and grey‐scale (image processed type) digital magnetic maps (pixel maps) are in preparation; these will supersede the 1976 digital magnetic map of Australia, which was gridded on a 1.2 minute mesh (2000 m) mostly by digitizing contours on maps. The new map, produced from flight‐line data, will have a grid size of 0.25 minutes. Initially, a series of maps will be produced with each one covering a block of 4 degrees latitude by 6 degrees longitude, coinciding with standard 1 : 1 000 000 map sheets. An example included for the Adelaide 1 : 1 000 000 map sheet in Southern Australia shows a dramatic increase in the number of anomalies over those that were evident in earlier contour presentations.
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Karubian, Jordan. "The Social Organization and Mating System of the Striated Grasswren." Condor 103, no. 2 (May 1, 2001): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/103.2.412.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper summarizes the breeding biology, social organization, and mating system of the Striated Grasswren (Amytornis striatus), a member of one of the least-known genera of Australian passerines, the grasswrens. I studied 18 color-banded groups and 14 nests in South Australia for one breeding season in 1996. Mean territory size was 3.0 ha, and territories consisted of sandy dunes dominated by spinifex (Triodea irritans). This apparent dependency on mature spinifex, coupled with poor dispersal ability, suggests that the Striated Grasswren is particularly susceptible to habitat destruction. Most groups consisted of socially monogamous pairs, mean group size was 2.1 adults, and the adult sex ratio was 0.95 (males:females). The average clutch size was 2.2 ± 0.4 eggs and an average of 1.1 ± 1.1 young fledged per nesting effort. A male and a female provided similar amounts of parental care at a single nest. Cloacal protuberance size and amount of sperm collected did not suggest intense sperm competition among males.
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DONNELLAN, S. C., M. J. MAHONY, and T. BERTOZZI. "A new species of Pseudophryne (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from the central Australian ranges." Zootaxa 3476, no. 1 (September 10, 2011): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3476.1.4.
Full textAbstract:
The myobatrachid frog genus Pseudophryne is highly variable in color pattern in eastern Australia where many species are distinguished by distinctive dorsal patterns. In contrast Pseudophryne from the western half of the continent are morphologically conservative. Two nominal species are widespread in south-western Australia and north-western South Australia, with one, P. occidentalis, being found in semi-arid and arid regions. Using mitochondrial DNA and morphological characters we establish that populations in the ranges of north-western South Australia assigned to P. occidentalis are a separate species. The new species comprises one of four major lineages of Pseudophryne while P. occidentalis falls within another lineage confined to south-western Australia.
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Serdani, M., S. Rooney-Latham, K. M. Wallis, and C. L. Blomquist. "First Report of Colletotrichum phormii Causing Anthracnose on New Zealand Flax in the United States." Plant Disease 97, no. 8 (August 2013): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-12-1155-pdn.
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Phormium colensoi Hook.f. (syn. P. cookianum), New Zealand flax, (family Xanthorrhoeaceae) is popular in ornamental landscapes in the United States because of its sturdy blade-like foliage available in diverse colors. In February 2012, the Oregon State University Plant Clinic received three potted plants of P. colensoi ‘Black Adder’ from a commercial nursery in Santa Cruz County, California. The margins and midribs of several leaves had brown lesions that were variable in size, and fusiform to ellipsoidal in shape. Embedded in the lesions were black acervuli without setae that exuded salmon-colored spore masses under moist conditions. Conidia were hyaline, cylindrical to fusiform, straight to slightly curved, and 22.4 to 35.2 × 4.0 to 6.4 (average 24.7 × 4.9) μm. Based on morphology, the fungus was confirmed by USDA-APHIS National Identification Services to be Colletotrichum phormii (Henn.) D.F. Farr & Rossman (2). In March 2012, the California Department of Food and Agriculture Plant Pest Diagnostic Lab received additional samples from the same nursery lot (25% disease incidence) from which a similar fungus was recovered. rDNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from the California isolate (GenBank KC122681), amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4 (2), were 100% identical to multiple species of Colletotrichum, including C. phormii by a BLAST query (JQ948446 through JQ948453). ITS sequence similarity alone is not sufficient to address Colletotrichum taxonomy and must be used in combination with host range and morphology (1). Pathogenicity of C. phormii (isolate CDFA986) was tested on three ‘Black Adder’ plants, which were inoculated with 6-mm agar plugs from a 14-day-old culture grown on half strength potato dextrose agar (PDA). Leaves were wound-inoculated along the midrib using colonized plugs (4). Five leaves per plant were inoculated with C. phormii plugs and five leaves per plant were treated with uncolonized PDA agar plugs as controls. Plants were sprayed with water and incubated in plastic bags at 22°C with a 12-h photoperiod. After 48 h, the bags and caps were removed and plants were kept under the same conditions. Two weeks later, water-soaked lesions had developed on the inoculated leaves. Lesions expanded along the midrib and became fusiform in shape after 21 to 28 days. C. phormii was isolated from lesion margins of all the inoculated leaves, but not from control leaves. This experiment was repeated once with similar results. Another Colletotrichum species, C. gloeosporiodes, also occurs on Phormium spp., but differs from C. phormii in morphology and symptom expression. Subsequent nursery and landscape surveys showed that anthracnose caused by C. phormii occurs on several P. colensoi cultivars as well as on P. tenax in five California counties including Santa Cruz, Yolo, Sacramento, San Luis Obispo, and Solano. C. phormii is also reported to infect P. colensoi and P. tenax in New Zealand, Europe, the United Kingdom, Australia, and South Africa (2,3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. phormii causing anthracnose on Phormium in North America. This disease could impact the American nursery trade and New Zealand flax production due to crop loss and increased production costs for pest management. References: (1) J. Crouch et al. Mycologia 101:648, 2009. (2) D. F. Farr et al. Mycol. Res. 110:1395, 2006. (3). H. Golzar and C. Wang. Australas. Plant Pathol. 5:110, 2010. (4) L. E. Yakabe et al. Plant Dis. 93:883, 2009.
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WAGNER, RUSSELL. "Australian succulent plants, an introduction Attila Kapitany .Australian succulent plants, an introduction. 2007. Kapitany Concepts. Victoria, Australia. ISBN: 0 646 46381 0. HC/DJ. 240 in full color. $84.95." Cactus and Succulent Journal 79, no. 6 (November 2007): 280–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2985/0007-9367(2007)79[280:aspai]2.0.co;2.
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Shaw, John W., Madhav V. Chitturi, and David A. Noyce. "Special-Color Pavement Marking for Highway Work Zones: Literature Review of International Practices." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2617, no. 1 (January 2017): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2617-10.
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Roadway lanes are often repositioned to accommodate highway work operations; as a result, pavement markings need to be altered. Although there are various methods for removing or obscuring existing pavement markings, “ghost” markings often remain at the locations of the old lane lines. These ghost markings can be quite conspicuous under certain lighting conditions, creating the potential for road user confusion. The Canadian province of Ontario and several European countries routinely use a special marking color (orange or yellow) to increase the salience of temporary lane lines. Special-color markings have also been used experimentally in Australia; New Zealand; Quebec City, Canada; and the United States. As a first step toward identifying the benefits and risks of special-color markings, existing practices from several countries are reviewed and summarized. The review identified a significant policy difference among jurisdictions: in some jurisdictions special-color markings override existing markings (so that the old markings are left in place), whereas other jurisdictions use special-color temporary marking but also attempt to remove old lane lines. The recent special-color marking demonstration projects in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States have been on major freeways, but European practice suggests that special-color marking could have significant benefit for urban arterial streets.
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PERKINS, PHILIP D. "A revision of the Australian intertidal water beetle genus Hughleechia Perkins (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)." Zootaxa 1527, no. 1 (July 16, 2007): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1527.1.2.
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The Australian intertidal water beetle genus Hughleechia Perkins, 1981, is revised, based on the study of 123 specimens. The genus and the type species, H. giulianii Perkins, are redescribed. One new species, H. gracilis, is described. High resolution digital images of the primary types are presented (online version in color), male genitalia and elytral microsculpture are illustrated, scanning electron micrographs of selected morphological features are given, and geographic distributions are mapped. Both species are intertidal, but differ markedly in habitus, elytral setae, and some ventral characters, whereas they share basic morphology of the exocrine secretion delivery system and have similar aedeagal form. H. giulianii is known from several localities on the southwestern and southern coasts of Australia, being collected from rock crevices that are covered by high tides, dry rock crevices in the high tide splash zone, and in rock pools a few feet above the water line, created by splash and spray but seldom or never reached by waves. H. gracilis is known from two localities in Tasmania, all specimens being collected from high intertidal rock faces, by pyrethrin fogging.
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Poetrie, Sandy Tieas Rahmana. "DISKRIMINASI IMIGRAN KULIT PUTIH BERWARNA DALAM MASA KEBIJAKAN MULTIKULTURALISME PASCA PENGHAPUSAN WHITE AUSTRALIAN POLICY." Lakon : Jurnal Kajian Sastra dan Budaya 2, no. 1 (August 24, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/lakon.v2i1.1909.
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AbstractThis paper concern on the multiculturalism in Australia related to the immigration policy. Since the application of “White Australia Policy” which makes some restriction to people from other countries who are considered as different color and non-English speakers to come to Australia ended in 1907, the government attempts to eliminate the discrimination treatments to them all. This paper employs descriptive essay which was aimed to describe more aboutAustralian multiculturalism after the end of “White Australia Policy”. The technique of data collection was literary study from some sources like journals and some news from internet. The writer took three cases have ever happenedrelated to the multiculturalism in Australia to analyse the application of immigrants policy after “White Australia Policy” annulment. Those are Arabians beating in Sydney coast by Neo-Nazi, discrimination against Muslim minorityand Africans by police in Victoria, and also Muslim demonstration because of Muhammad humiliation. The study revealed that “White Australia Policy” still can not completely be eliminated. Those three cases, it shows that there arestill many discrimination treatments against coloured immigrants; on the other hand the government is still trying to implement a multiculturalism policy.
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Sartor, Mary, Draga Barbaric, Tamara Law, DR Anuruddhika Dissanayake, Nicola C. Venn, Mawar Karsa, Sue W. J. Wong, et al. "Improved Concordance of Minimal Residual Disease Measurements By Quantitative PCR and 10-Color Flow Cytometry in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 2614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.2614.2614.
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Abstract Introduction: Detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) after induction and consolidation therapy is highly predictive of outcome for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and is used to identify high risk patients in most current ALL clinical trials. Two methods broadly applicable for MRD analysis in ALL cases are real-time quantitative PCR based detection of unique immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements (Ig/TCR PCR-MRD) and the multi-parameter flow cytometry based quantitation of Leukemia Associated Immunophenotypes (LAIP Flow-MRD). We compared the two techniques using samples from patients referred for PCR-MRD analysis initially using 4-tube 4-colour flow and more recently 1-tube 10-color flow. Methods: Newly diagnosed consented ALL patients enrolled on ANZCHOG ALL8 (2002-2011) or AIEOP-BFM ALL 2009 (2012-2014) had duplicate bone marrow aspirates, collected at diagnosis, day 15, day 33 and day 79, and analysed by PCR-MRD and Flow-MRD techniques. PCR-MRD analysis utilized clone specific primers and generic probes for Ig/TCR rearrangements according to EuroMRD guidelines. Flow-MRD which detects levels of aberrant combinations of cell-surface proteins using fluorescently labelled antibodies was performed until 2009 with 4-tube 4-colour flow before we adopted a 1-tube approach (9-colour for BCP-ALL and 10-colour T-ALL) based on the AIEOP-BFM harmonised protocol for 2012-2014. Results: Our early comparison showed a relatively poor correlation of 4-colour Flow-MRD results with PCR-MRD (Spearman rank correlation coefficient rho = 0.516, n=267) for patients enrolled at a single centre on ANZCHOG ALL8 in 2002-2009. Only the PCR-MRD results were used for the MRD risk-adapted stratification for patients on this trial. Flow-MRD for subsequent patients on this trial (2010-11) was improved by using more antibodies and adopting a single tube approach. In our current trial, day 15 Flow-MRD results are used for the early identification of low risk patients for a randomized treatment reduction. In bone marrow samples from patients enrolled on this trial, the correlation of the PCR-MRD and Flow-MRD methods is high when considered for all time points (rho = 0.803 n=418; Figure 1). In the same set of patient samples, the concordance between 2 different PCR markers based on different rearrangements was even better (rho = 0.929, n=390). A comparison of time points found that the best correlation between the two methods was observed at day 15 when MRD is often higher and the bone marrow is not regenerating (Table 1). Both PCR and 10-colour flow enabled MRD to be performed for 94% of ALL patients, and only one patient did not have a sensitive MRD assay. Conclusion: The adoption of new approaches to measurement of Flow-MRD, using a single tube and 10-colors, for ALL patients has greatly improved the concordance of Flow-MRD and PCR-MRD results. It is not surprising given the different nature of the techniques that the correlation of results produced by two different markers for PCR-MRD is higher than that with Flow. However we conclude that these two methods can now be used interchangeably at day 15 in BFM-style protocols for ALL patients. The concordance at later time points is weaker and warrants investigation in the whole trial cohort to enable effects of ALL subtype and patient outcomes to be evaluated. Table 1. Concordance of MRD levels at different time points in the same set of patients (Spearman's Rank correlation coefficient rho). MRD by PCR first Ig/TCR marker versus MRD by 10-colour flow MRD by first Ig/TCR PCR marker versus second Ig/TCR marker All timepoints 0.803 (n=418)** 0.921 (n=390)** Day 15 0.795 (n=155)** 0.950 (n=129)** Day 33 0.417 (n=137) 0.826 (n=132)** Day 79 0.383 (n=126) 0.842 (n=129)** ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2 tailed) Support: NHMRC Australia APP1057746 and Tour De Cure Foundation Figure 1. Comparison of MRD levels measured by 1-tube 10-color Flow MRD versus PCR MRD (left) or by two different PCR Ig/TCR MRD markers (right) in the 418 and 390 paired measurements in the same set of patients. Figure 1. Comparison of MRD levels measured by 1-tube 10-color Flow MRD versus PCR MRD (left) or by two different PCR Ig/TCR MRD markers (right) in the 418 and 390 paired measurements in the same set of patients. Figure 2. Figure 2. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Newsome, AE, and LK Corbett. "The Identity of the Dingo III.* The Incidence of Dingoes, Dogs and Hybrids and their Coat Colours in Remote and Settled Regions of Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 33, no. 3 (1985): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9850363.
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Dingoes Canis familiaris dingo, dogs C.J: familiaris, and their hybrids were classified on skull morphology as the following percentages in remote, inland Australia: 97.5,O.1 and 2.4; and in settled south-eastern Australia as 55.3, 10.8 and 33.92%. Canonical analyses of 1184 skulls from the former area and 407 from the latter indicate that mixed populations can be expected wherever close human settlement exists and wild canids remain, but that hybrids are rare in remote regions. The skulls were collected variously between 1966 and 1979; 15 equations were used to allow for differential damage to skulls. The levels of hybridization indicated by the skulls were confirmed by coat colours. The accepted colours for dingoes, (ginger, black-and-tan, and all white) were in the following percentages in inland Australia: 88.6, 3.8 and 1.9; in south-eastern Australia they were 45.9, 19.1 and 0.2%. Broken colorations, ginger with white, black or bluish patches, all black, brown or bluish, black and white, and brindle stripes, were also more numerous in the latter region (34 8%) than in the former (5.7%). Many of these variations arose in cross-breeding experiments with ginger dingoes and variously coloured domestic dogs. Historical reports recorded black dingoes but did not mention tan coloration. That may have been an oversight; if not, it may be a further indication of cross-breeding. The incidence of coat colours was not significantly different in classified dingoes, dogs and hybrids in south-eastern Australia, but ginger coats were less common in classified dogs. Those taxa and the various colorations were not more numerous near farmland than elsewhere in the forests there. A new, basic calibrating equation incorporating the length rather than the volume of auditory bulla is presented. The equation corrects also for mis-measurement of one skull variable in some of the calibrating series of dingoes. Corrigenda are presented. They do not change the general conclusions of the earlier Parts I and II of this series, but wild dingoes raised from pups in captivity did not develop foreshortened snouts as indicated earlier. The possibility remains that some may have developed wider maxillae than wild dingoes.
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Heckenberg, Kerry. "J.J. Hilder and the Languages of Art." Queensland Review 15, no. 1 (January 2008): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600004554.
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Writing in a book published in 1918 in honour of Jesse Jewhurst Hilder (1881–1916), shortly after the artist's tragic early death from tuberculosis, Bertram Stevens declared: Australia may well be proud of Jesse Hilder, for he is entirely her own by birth and training. His art was intuitive; what instruction he received, and the inspiration he got from other men's work, helped him but little towards self-development. His water-colours show the strong individual note of the true romantic artist; they are not like anything done previously in Australia or elsewhere.
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Mazher, Abeer. "Visualization Framework for High-Dimensional Spatio-Temporal Hydrological Gridded Datasets using Machine-Learning Techniques." Water 12, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020590.
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Numerical modelling increasingly generates massive, high-dimensional spatio-temporal datasets. Exploring such datasets relies on effective visualization. This study presents a generic workflow to (i) project high-dimensional spatio-temporal data on a two-dimensional (2D) plane accurately (ii) compare dimensionality reduction techniques (DRTs) in terms of resolution and computational efficiency (iii) represent 2D projection spatially using a 2D perceptually uniform background color map. Machine learning (ML) based DRTs for data visualization i.e., principal component analysis (PCA), generative topographic mapping (GTM), t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) are compared in terms of accuracy, resolution and computational efficiency to handle massive datasets. The accuracy of visualization is evaluated using a quality metric based on a co-ranking framework. The workflow is applied to an output of an Australian Water Resource Assessment (AWRA) model for Tasmania, Australia. The dataset consists of daily time series of nine components of the water balance at a 5 km grid cell resolution for the year 2017. The case study shows that PCA allows rapid visualization of global data structures, while t-SNE and UMAP allows more accurate representation of local trends. Furthermore, UMAP is computationally more efficient than t-SNE and least affected by the outliers compared to GTM.
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YOUNG, DIANA. "Mutable things: colours as material practice in the northwest of South Australia." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 17, no. 2 (May 3, 2011): 356–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9655.2011.01684.x.
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Ebeling, Wiebke, Riccardo C. Natoli, and Jan M. Hemmi. "Diversity of Color Vision: Not All Australian Marsupials Are Trichromatic." PLoS ONE 5, no. 12 (December 6, 2010): e14231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014231.
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RANDALL, JOHN E., CAROLE C. BALDWIN, and JEFFREY T. WILLIAMS. "Pseudogramma xanthum, a new replacement name for a serranid fish from the subtropical South Pacific Ocean with description of the species." Zootaxa 40, no. 1 (May 28, 2002): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.40.1.1.
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The subtropical South Pacific serranid fish Pseudogramma australis Randall & Baldwin, 1997, was divided by Randall & Baldwin (1997) into two subspecies, P. a. pasquensis from Easter Island (type locality of P. australis) and P. a. australis from the Pitcairn Islands to Tonga. The latter is now regarded as a valid species, distinct in its yellow ground color, small size, modally one more dorsal, anal, and pectoral rays, 16 instead of 17 caudal vertebrae, larger head, and other proportional differences. Because of errors in the type designations for the two subspecies, the name P. australis is occupied by the Easter Island species and does not apply to the western Pacific P. a. australis. We provide a new replacement name, P. xanthum nomen novum, for P. a. australis and redescribe it based on the 12 known specimens, including the holotype from Temoe Atoll, Tuamotu Archipelago.
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You, M. P., V. Lanoiselet, C. P. Wang, R. G. Shivas, Y. P. Li, and M. J. Barbetti. "First Report of Rice Blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) on Rice (Oryza sativa) in Western Australia." Plant Disease 96, no. 8 (August 2012): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-12-0420-pdn.
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Commercial rice crops (Oryza sativa L.) have been recently reintroduced to the Ord River Irrigation Area in northern Western Australia. In early August 2011, unusual leaf spot symptoms were observed by a local rice grower on rice cultivar Quest. A leaf spot symptom initially appeared as grey-green and/or water soaked with a darker green border and then expanded rapidly to several centimeters in length and became light tan in color with a distinct necrotic border. Isolations from typical leaf lesions were made onto water agar, subcultured onto potato dextrose agar, and maintained at 20°C. A representative culture was lodged in the Western Australian Culture Collection Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (WAC 13466) and as a herbarium specimen in the Plant Pathology Herbarium, Plant Biosecurity Science (BRIP 54721). Amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1 and (ITS)2 regions flanking the 5.8S rRNA gene were carried out with universal primers ITS1 and ITS4 (4). The PCR products were sequenced and BLAST analyses used to compare sequences with those in GenBank. The sequence had 99% nucleotide identity with the corresponding sequence in GenBank for Magnaporthe oryzae B.C. Couch, the causal agent of rice blast, the most important fungal disease of rice worldwide (1). Additional sequencing with the primers Bt1a/Bt1b for the β-tubulin gene, primers ACT-512F/ACT-783R for the actin gene, and primers CAL-228F/CAL-737R for the calmodulin gene showed 100% identity in each case with M. oryzae sequences in GenBank, confirming molecular similarity with other reports, e.g., (1). The relevant sequence information for a representative isolate has been lodged in GenBank (GenBank Accession Nos. JQ911754 for (ITS) 1 and 2; JX014265 for β-tubulin; JX035809 for actin; and JX035808 for calmodulin). Isolates also showed morphological similarity with M. oryzae as described in other reports, e.g., (3). Spores of M. oryzae were produced on rice agar under “black light” at 21°C for 4 weeks. Under 30/28°C (day/night), 14/12 h (light/dark), rice cv. Quest was grown for 7 weeks, and inoculated by spraying a suspension 5 × 105 spores/ml onto foliage until runoff occurred. Inoculated plants were placed under a dark plastic covering for 72 h to maximize humidity levels around leaves, and subsequently maintained under >90% RH conditions. Typical symptoms of rice blast appeared within 14 days of inoculation and were as described above. Infection studies were successfully repeated and M. oryzae was readily reisolated from leaf lesions. No disease symptoms were observed nor was M. oryzae isolated from water-inoculated control rice plants. There have been previous records of rice blast in the Northern Territory (2) and Queensland, Australia (Australian Plant Pest Database), but this is the first report of M. oryzae in Western Australia, where it could potentially be destructive if conditions prove conducive. References: (1) B. C. Couch and L. M. Kohn. Mycologia 94:683, 2002; (2) J. B. Heaton. The Aust. J. Sci. 27:81, 1964; (3) C. V. Subramanian. IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria No 169, Pyricularia oryzae, 1968; (4) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, New York, 1990.
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Willson, Mary F., and Dennis J. O'Dowd. "Fruit color polymorphism in a bird-dispersed shrub (Rhagodia parabolica) in Australia." Evolutionary Ecology 3, no. 1 (March 1989): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02147930.
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