Academic literature on the topic 'Colors Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Colors Australia"
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Krueger, Thilo Alexander, and Andreas Fleischmann. "When three become two: Drosera coalara links Drosera citrina with Drosera nivea." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn491.tk924.
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The pygmy sundews (Drosera section Bryastrum) are the second-largest group of Australian Drosera in terms of species number following the tuberous sundews. According to the latest revisions (Fleischmann et al. 2018; Robinson et al. 2018) they currently comprise 51 species in southwest Western Australia and six named natural hybrids (Lowrie 2014; Lowrie et al. 2017). Within the pygmy Drosera, a wide range of flower colors can be found, ranging from pure white, various shades of pink, metallic orange, and red to yellow colors, quite often with bi- or rarely even tricolored petals (Lowrie 1989; Robinson et al. 2018). The color combination of lime yellow petals with white base has thus far been considered to be unique to D. citrina (Lowrie & Carlquist 1992; Lowrie 2014; Lowrie et al. 2017).
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Liberman, Jonathan. "Plainly Constitutional: The Upholding of Plain Tobacco Packaging by the High Court of Australia." American Journal of Law & Medicine 39, no. 2-3 (June 2013): 361–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885881303900209.
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In November 2011, Australia became the first country in the world to legislate for “plain packaging” of tobacco products. As of December 1, 2012, the packaging of tobacco products sold in Australia must be a standard, drab dark brown color; and the printing of tobacco company logos, brand imagery, colors, or promotional text on that packaging and on individual tobacco products is prohibited. While the Australian scheme is described as “plain packaging,” tobacco packaging is required to be far from “plain” in the ordinary sense of the word. The scheme requires large health warnings composed of graphics, warning statements and explanatory messages, and information messages.Plain packaging of tobacco products—which has also been called “generic packaging” or “standardized packaging”—is not a new idea. It was proposed as far back as June 1986, when the Canadian Medical Association agreed to a motion in favor of its adoption.
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Bernacci, Luís Carlos, Marta Dias Soares-Scott, Nilton Tadeu Vilela Junqueira, Ilene Ribeiro da Silva Passos, and Laura Maria Molina Meletti. "Passiflora edulis Sims: the correct taxonomic way to cite the yellow passion fruit (and of others colors)." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 30, no. 2 (June 2008): 566–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452008000200053.
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Passiflora edulis, the passion fruit native from Brazil, has several common names (such as sour passion fruit, yellow passion fruit, black passion fruit, and purple passion fruit), and presents a wide variability with the different rind colors of its fruits, which are very easy to notice. However, in 1932, Otto Degener suggested that the yellow passion fruit had its origin in Australia through breeding, calling it P. edulis forma flavicarpa, and that it could be distinguished by the color of the fruit, the deeper shade of purple of the corona, and the presence of glands on the sepals. These distinctions do not support themselves, for the glands are common to the species (although they may be absent), and the corona has a wide range of colors, regardless of the color of the fruit. A more critical ingredient is the fact that the external coloration of the fruit is a character of complex inheritance and is not dominant, thus displaying a number of intermediate colors, making it difficult to identify the extreme colors. For the correct scientific naming of agricultural plants, the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature must be used in conjunction with the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, with the selections with significant agronomic characteristics recognized and named cultivars. In accordance with the international convention promoted by the UPOV, of which Brazil is a signatory, several colors (light yellow, yellow, orange yellow, pink red, red, red purple, green purple, purple, and dark purple) can be recognized in order to adequately characterize passion fruit cultivars within the species P. edulis. At taxonomic level, Passiflora edulis Sims must be used for any plant and color of sour passion fruits, in combination with a cultivar name for the selected materials.
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Murley, Tyler, and Edgar Chambers. "The Influence of Colorants, Flavorants and Product Identity on Perceptions of Naturalness." Foods 8, no. 8 (August 4, 2019): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8080317.
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Natural foods are important to consumers, yet frustrating to producers due to the lack of a formal definition of “natural”. Previous work has studied how consumers define naturalness and how they rate the naturalness of various products, but there is a gap in knowledge relating to how color and flavor additives impact perceptions. The objective of this study was to understand how colorants and flavorants on ingredient statements affect perceptions of naturalness. An online survey was launched in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia to determine how consumers perceive products with ingredient statements containing different combinations of artificial and natural colors and flavors when shown with and without the product identity. Results showed that consumers look at the whole product primarily to make decisions about naturalness, but also consider other factors. Products derived from plants and products with natural colors and flavors were perceived to be the most natural. Artificial flavors may be more acceptable than artificial colors due to negative health perceptions and labeling rules associated with colors. Additionally, factors like ingredient familiarity and processing likely influence consumers when making decisions about product naturalness. Males, Millennials, and educated participants have higher naturalness scores than other participants in their respective demographics.
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Griesbach, R. J. "A Fertile Tetraploid Anigozanthos Hybrid Produced by in Vitro Colchicine Treatment." HortScience 25, no. 7 (July 1990): 802–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.7.802.
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Kangaroo paw is a new cut flower crop native to Australia. There are several interspecific hybrids with improved flower colors, heat tolerance, and growth habit. These hybrids are sterile due to divergent evolution of the parent species. Colchicine was used to double the chromosome number of one important sterile hybrid. This hybrid is everblooming. dwarf. and heat tolerant. The resulting allodiploid was fertile, and progeny are now being evaluated.
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Betzler, Alberto S., and Orahcio F. de Sousa. "Photometric BVR Observations of (65803) Didymos after DART." Research Notes of the AAS 6, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/acab68.
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Abstract The near-Earth binary asteroid Didymos was observed by robotic telescopes in Australia, Chile, and the United States three to five weeks after its impact with the DART spacecraft. The B − R spectral slope of the Didymos system was 13% ± 1%/100 nm, redder than that of the Sun, active comets, and its previously measured colors. The dust cloud around the Didymos system caused a mean drop of 0.29 ± 0.08 mag and had an optical thickness of 0.27 ± 0.07, based on observations from October 27.743 and 28.740 UT. The mean FWHM of the photometric profile of the Didymos system was 1.1 ± 0.1 larger than that of the unsaturated field stars in the R band during our observing campaign. According to our results, the B − R color index was the best parameter to detect the activity of this asteroid in the visible range.
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Yazaki, Yoshikazu. "Wood Colors and their Coloring Matters: A Review." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 3 (March 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000332.
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A number of colored specialty woods, such as ebony, rosewood, mahogany and amboyna, and commercially important woods, such as morus, logwood, Brazilwood, Japanese yellowwood, blackwood, kwila, red beech and myrtle beech, exhibit a wide range of colors from black, violet, dark red, reddish brown, to pale yellow. These colors are not only due to colored pigments contained in extractives from those woods but also to insoluble polymers. Wood and bark from many species of both hardwood and softwood trees contain many types of flavonoid compounds. Research on flavonoids has been conducted mainly from two points of view. The first is chemotaxonomy with flavonoid compounds as taxonomic markers, and the second relates to the utilization of woods for pulp and paper and the use of tannins from bark for wood adhesives. Most chemotaxonomic studies have been conducted on flavonoids in the extracts from softwoods such as Podocarpus, Pinus, Pseudotsuga, Larix, Taxus, Libocedrus, Tsuja, Taxodium, Sequoia, Cedrus, Tsuga, Abies and Picea. Hardwood chemotaxonomic studies include those on Prunus and Eucalyptus species. Studies on flavonoids in pulp and paper production were conducted on Eucalyptus woods in Australia and woods from Douglas fir in the USA and larch in Japan. Flavonoids as tannin resources from black wattle tannin and quebracho tannin have been used commercially as wood adhesives. Flavonoids in the bark from radiata pine and southern pine, from western and eastern hemlock, southern red oak and Quercus dentata are also discussed. In addition, the distribution of flavonoids among tree species is described, as is the first isolation of rare procyanidin glycosides in nature.
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Brand, J., A. Wain, A. V. Rode, S. Madden, P. L. King, and L. Rapp. "Femtosecond pulse laser cleaning of spray paint from heritage stone surfaces." Optics Express 30, no. 17 (August 10, 2022): 31122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.468750.
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We explore the use of femtosecond laser pulses to clean a variety of colors of spray paint from the Moruya granite, a stone with high heritage value that is widely used for monuments and sculptures in Sydney and New South Wales (Australia). The efficiency of the cleaning treatment and the effects on the stone substrate are evaluated using optical microscopy, optical profilometry, Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and colorimetry. We demonstrate that femtosecond laser cleans granite without damaging it and without discoloration when the laser fluence is set below the damage threshold of the stone.
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Serudin, HJ, and HJ Tinggal. "DIVERSITY OF NEPHELIUM SPECIES IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 625a—625. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.625a.
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Nephelium spp. are abundant in Brunei Darussalam. Their trees bear fruits of various sizes and colors and are highly ornate, but only a few are known and cultivated for their edible fruit. The best known is the rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum Linn) which is extensively cultivated in parts of SE Asia & N. Australia. The commercial rambutan cultivars evolved from years of natural & artificial selection, resulting in wide variations of fruit sizes, colors & tastes. Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore and Brunei each have their own favorite cultivars & clones. One of the most formidable research challenges of rambutan is to extend the shelf life of the fruit. The soft spinterns and fragile skin deteriorates rapidly, becoming dull brownish & dry within four days of harvest. The white translucent flesh also rapidly becomes soft and watery. A potential research direction is to breed for `spintern-less' rambutan. This strategy may be feasible within the genetic resources of Nephelium in Brunei Darussalam where there are spintern-less types. The diversity of Nephelium species found in Brunei Darussalam will be elaborated on.
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Арабулі, С. І., А. Т. Арабулі, В. С. Труба, and Д. Р. Левицька. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЕКРАНУЮЧИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ТЕКСТИЛЬНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ ЩОДО ДІЇ УЛЬТРАФІОЛЕТОВОГО ВИПРОМІНЮВАННЯ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 152, no. 6 (October 1, 2021): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.6.2.
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Study the possibility of using textile materials for shielding against the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation. Methodology. Theoretical and experimental researchs are based on the basic principles of textile materials science. The UV shielding ability of textiles was assessed by the UV protection factor (UPF). The UV protection factor was evaluated on a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Cary 50, Varian, Australia) in accordance with AS / NZ 4399: 1996 in the wavelength range 280-400 nm. According to AS / NZ 4399: 1996, textiles are classified according to the value of the UV protection factor (UPF) as those that provide "excellent UV protection", "very good UV protection", "good UV protection", "does not protect against UV radiation." Results. The main sources of UV radiation are analyzed and the features of the conditions of human exposure when working indoors and outside are considered. It has been established that the degree of human exposure depends on the intensity of UV radiation, and can be reduced by using protective equipment. Flexible textile screens can be one of the effective means of protection against UV radiation. The advantages of textile screens are the possibility of their modification and the ability to create shielding products of various shapes. The level of protective properties of textile screens depends on many factors, namely: the chemical nature of the polymer of textile materials, structural characteristics, modification by certain substances, color, moisture, etc. The results of the study of the coefficient of protection against ultraviolet radiation of textile materials, depending on their color are presented. Scientific novelty. It is proved that the optical properties are not only important for the evaluation of appearance of the textile and garment aesthetic perception, they can control the shielding properties of the textile to the action of UV radiation. It was found that dark saturated colors of textile fabrics, all other conditions being equal, provide shielding properties at the level of "very good protection" compared to light unsaturated colors (the UPF level varies from 10 to 35 with increasing color saturation). Practical value. The possibility of using textile materials for UV protection has been confirmed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Colors Australia"
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Islam, Mofakharul University of Ballarat. "Unsupervised Color Image Segmentation Using Markov Random Fields Model." University of Ballarat, 2008. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12827.
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We propose a novel approach to investigate and implement unsupervised segmentation of color images particularly natural color images. The aim is to devise a robust unsu- pervised segmentation approach that can segment a color textured image accurately. Here, the color and texture information of each individual pixel along with the pixel's spatial relationship within its neighborhood have been considered for producing precise segmentation of color images. Precise segmentation of images has tremendous potential in various application domains like bioinformatics, forensics, security and surveillance, the mining and material industry and medical imaging where subtle information related to color and texture is required to analyze an image accurately. We intend to implement a robust unsupervised segmentation approach for color im- ages using a newly developed multidimensional spatially variant ¯nite mixture model (MSVFMM) using a Markov Random Fields (MRF) model for improving the over- all accuracy in segmentation and Haar wavelet transform for increasing the texture sensitivity of the proposed approach. [...]Master of Computing
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Islam, Mofakharul. "Unsupervised color image segmentation using Markov Random Fields Model." University of Ballarat, 2008. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/15694.
Full textAbstract:
We propose a novel approach to investigate and implement unsupervised segmentation of color images particularly natural color images. The aim is to devise a robust unsu- pervised segmentation approach that can segment a color textured image accurately. Here, the color and texture information of each individual pixel along with the pixel's spatial relationship within its neighborhood have been considered for producing precise segmentation of color images. Precise segmentation of images has tremendous potential in various application domains like bioinformatics, forensics, security and surveillance, the mining and material industry and medical imaging where subtle information related to color and texture is required to analyze an image accurately. We intend to implement a robust unsupervised segmentation approach for color im- ages using a newly developed multidimensional spatially variant ¯nite mixture model (MSVFMM) using a Markov Random Fields (MRF) model for improving the over- all accuracy in segmentation and Haar wavelet transform for increasing the texture sensitivity of the proposed approach. [...]Master of Computing
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Honeywill, Greer 1945. "Colours of the kitchen cabinet : a studio exploration of memory, place, and ritual arising from the domestic kitchen." Monash University, Dept. of Fine Arts, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5621.
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Gopalkrishnan, Caroline, and n/a. "The Colours of Diversity: Women Educators Turning the Gaze onto Australian Universities." University of Canberra. Education & Community Studies, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081009.095141.
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The internationalisation of universities has attracted significant political and even
media attention, as well as internal focus. Concurrently, global discourses evolving
around the notion of borders, terrorism, security and identity have taken on a renewed
significance. Today, the articulation of identities has significant and even dire
consequences for many people living in different parts of the world. In Australia, too,
the matter of what it means to be ethnic, indigenous, non-indigenous or mixed-race is
highly contested, controversial and for some groups of people, in particular contexts,
even dangerous. In Australian higher education, the term international is commonly
used to refer to the other - citizens of other countries (including those who visit our
educational institutions). They are seen as the global citizens and we are not. Cultural
diversity is widely celebrated and legislated through the Commonwealth
Government?s Living in Harmony policy. Yet there is a dearth of knowledge and/or
discussion around members of staff who are different in our own universities. This
raises questions about how we come to differentiate between us and them in an
Australian socio-historical context, understanding how race and ethnic difference is
made salient in identification, and the knowledge production process.
This is a small-scale, in-depth qualitative study, which addresses a significant gap in
the literature on higher education by focusing on the experiences of four women
educators of colour, each of whom has brought with her a complex collage of
diasporic experiences, histories, identities and ways of knowing. By employing a
multi-race/ethnic dialogic methodology and a research conversation method, the study
presents the women?s experiences in narrative form, integrating the autoethnographic
writing of the researcher with the women?s stories about difference. The inquiry
provides new insights into what race and ethnic identity mean to the women in an
everyday, professional and ethical practice context.
The women?s stories are not of the traditional career or romantic multicultural kind,
but reach into the realms of the personal, political, philosophical and spiritual
dimensions of human experience. As they traverse the political terrain of the
Academy, the women have looked within and outside the university, navigating
multiple identities to make sense of their work. By documenting four women?s
experiences that have never been documented before, this small-scale study provides
basic research for others to build on.
This research affirms the salience of race and ethnicity in the university and the new
higher education knowledge creation ethos. The study reveals there is little current
evidence that Australian universities are capitalising on and applying opportunities
provided by research on race, ethnicity and difference to higher education debate and
reform. The women?s stories reveal that the issue of under-representation of women
of colour is not unique to the university, but is reflective of the powerful and
constitutive impact of discourses of race and difference in Australian society. By
highlighting the issues of who has the power and authority in the university to
determine what counts as a valid identity and how identity and knowledge boundaries
are policed within the Australian university, this research raises questions about the
wider implications of epistemological racism embedded in university practices in
relation to governance, curriculum, policy, teaching and learning. Through its
development and exploration of a multiple race and ethnic dialogic methodology, and
the use of research conversations as a method, the study sheds new light on the
complexities of Australian race politics in knowledge production and on women?s
differentiated experiences in higher education.
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Gopalkrishnan, Caroline. "The colours of diversity : women educators turning the gaze onto Australian universities /." Canberra, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20081009.095141/index.html.
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au, Pendoley@newton dialix com, and Kellie Lee Pendoley. "Sea Turtles and the Environmental Management of Industrial Activities in North West Western Australia." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060612.120104.
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The nesting demographics of sea turtles using beaches within the Barrow, Lowendal,
Montebello (B-L-M) island complex on the North West Shelf of Western Australia were
examined in the context of their spatial and temporal distribution and potential for
exposure to industrially based artificial light sources. The distribution of overnight turtle
tracks throughout the island complex confirmed high density nesting of Chelonia mydas
(green turtles) on deep, sandy and high energy beaches and Natator depressus
(flatback turtles) on deep, sandy and low energy beaches, while Eretmochelys
imbricata (hawksbill turtle) tracks were most visible on shallow, sandy beaches
adjacent to near shore coral reef habitat. The three species exhibited a summer
nesting peak. Hawksbill turtles commenced nesting in September and continued
through to January, green turtles commenced in November and decreased in March.
Flatback turtles displayed the most constrained nesting season reported to date in
Australia with 86% of the animals visits recorded in December and January only.
Nesting population sizes estimated for the three species suggest that on a national
scale the B-L-M complex is a moderately large green turtle and a large flatback rookery
site. The hawksbill rookery is large on an international scale. While none of the green
turtle nesting beaches fell within a 1.5 km radius of industrially based artificial light
sources an estimated 42% of nesting flatback turtles and 12% of nesting hawksbill
turtles were potentially exposed to these light sources.
Testing of green turtle and hawksbill hatchling response to different wavelengths of
light indicate that hatchlings from the B-L-M region respond to low wavelength much
like hatchlings tested in North America (Witherington 1992a). Flatback hatchlings
displayed a similar preference for low wavelength light however their responses to
discrete light wavelengths between 400 nm and 700 nm suggest that this species may
not discriminate well between wavelengths that lie between 450 nm and 550 nm. This
response may be related to the rapid attenuation of visible light that occurs in the turbid
near shore habitats favoured by this species.
Field based arena studies carried out to investigate hatchling behaviour on nesting
beaches with light types commonly used in industrial settings found green turtle and
flatback hatchlings are significantly attracted to these lights compared to controls.
Lights that emit strongly in the low wavelength range (i.e. metal halide and fluorescent)
caused hatchling misorientation at lower intensities than the test light that emitted
relatively poorly in this range (high pressure sodium vapour). Hawksbill hatchlings
tested in situ under the influence of actual oil and gas onshore and offshore facility
based lighting were disrupted from the most direct line to the ocean by these light
emissions. Emergence fan mapping methods that measure hatchling orientation on
nesting beaches were refined and are proposed as an alternative monitoring tool for
use on beaches that are logistically difficult to access for large scale experimental
orientation studies. The hatchling behaviour was clearly complicated by beach
topography and moon phase.
Satellite tracking of post nesting female green and hawksbill turtles from North West
Shelf rookeries has identified the Western Australian location of migratory corridors and
foraging grounds for these species while Scott Reef turtles migrate from their south
Timor Sea rookery to Northern Territory waters. Green turtle nesting on Barrow Island
and Sandy Island (Scott Reef) forage at feeding grounds 200 1000 km from their
nesting beaches. Hawksbill turtles nesting at Varanus Island and Rosemary Islands
forage at locations 50 450 km from their nesting beaches. While all of the nesting
beaches within the B-L-M island complex are protected under the Barrow-Montebello
Marine Conservation Reserves, the only foraging ground similarly protected is the
Northern Territory foraging ground used by Scott Reef green turtles. None of the
foraging grounds used by North West Shelf green or hawksbill turtles is currently
protected by conservation reserves.
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Young, Diana Jane Barbara. "The colours of things : memory, materiality and an anthropology of the senses in north west South Australia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271659.
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Chávez, Gutiérrez Gloria. "Caracterización de las propiedades funcionales de reineta (Brama australis) y de color : estudio de estos parámetros durante el almacenamiento en refrigeración y congelación." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105484.
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Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero en AlimentosLa presente investigación tuvo como objetivo estudiar las propiedades funcionales y el color de reineta (Brama australis) durante diez días de almacenamiento refrigerado a 4°C y siete meses de almacenamiento congelado a -18°C y -30°C, mediante la determinación de capacidad emulsionante (CE), textura, “dripping” y color. Los resultados obtenidos en el estudio de capacidad emulsionante (CE), determinan que la reineta fue capaz de emulsionar 1.015,9 ± 58,2 g aceite/g proteína. Durante el período de estudio se produjo un aumento de esta propiedad con registros finales de 1.042,9 ± 37,2 g aceite/g proteína en almacenamiento refrigerado a 4°C, 1.226,7 ± 26,4 g aceite/g proteína a -18°C y 1.243,6 ± 60,4 g aceite/g proteína a -30°C. Los resultados de textura indicaron que al estado fresco, la reineta presentó una resistencia a la compresión de 10,9 ± 1,7 N, valor promedio que aumenta a medida que trascurrió el tiempo, registrando finalmente 15,9 ± 3,9 N en almacenamiento refrigerado. Asimismo, en almacenamiento congelado se obtuvieron valores promedio finales de 20,4 ± 3,5 N a -18°C y 16,7 ± 5,5 N a -30°C. Por su parte, el módulo de elasticidad (ME) muestra igual tendencia hacia el aumento, con valores finales de 8,5 ± 2,1 N/cm2 a 4°C, 10,8 ± 1,9 N/cm2 a -18°C y 8,9 ± 2,9 N/cm2 a -30°C. Estas tendencias evidencian la mayor dureza que registró la especie en condiciones de almacenamiento. En cuanto a la determinación del exudado de la especie, se apreció una menor pérdida por exudado en almacenamiento a -30°C. Sin embargo los porcentajes de pérdida detectados son muy parecidos, los cuales finalmente arrojaron perdidas de 12% (11,8 ± 5,4 g) a -18°C y 10% (9,8 ± 1,6) a -30°C. Los resultados de color disminuyeron en sus cuatro parámetros durante el estudio, lo cual significa un oscurecimiento del músculo de reineta y pérdida de tonalidades rosadas y amarillos leves. De esta forma en almacenamiento refrigerado, L registró al estado fresco 64,1 ± 4,5, variando finalmente hasta 57,0 ± 5,9 a 4°C, 57,7 ± 4,0 a -18°C y 59,1 ± 3,8 a -30°C. Asimismo el parámetro “a” disminuyó su valor promedio de 3,3 ± 1,5 al estado fresco hasta 2,4 ± 1,3 a 4°C, 1,9 ± 0,6 a -18°C y 2,1 ± 0,4 a -30°C. Por otra parte, el parámetro “b” varió desde 13,7 ± 0,4 en estado fresco hasta 13,5 ± 0,5 a 4°C, 14,2 ± 0,7 a -18°C y 14,3 ± 0,1 a -30°C. Finalmente como consecuencia de la sumatoria de disminuciones, W varió desde 61,4 ± 4,3 hasta 54,8 ± 5,5 a 4°C, 55,3 ± 3,6 a -18°C y 56,6 ± 3,6 a -30°C. Se puede concluir que la reineta tiene muy buena capacidad de emulsionar, la cual aumenta durante el almacenamiento tanto refrigerado como congelado, pero aún mantiene esta propiedad, por otra parte se observó que las texturas se vieron deterioradas por el almacenamiento al igual que el color
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Castets, Géraldine. "Apports de l'analyse des matières colorantes et colorées dans l'étude intégrée d'un site orné. Application au site de Nawarla Gabarnmang (Terre d'Arnhem, Territoire du Nord - Australie)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAA030/document.
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Au cours de l’élaboration des peintures rupestres, divers matériaux colorants peuvent être mobilisés et produire des vestiges archéologiques liés aux différentes étapes de la préparation de la matière picturale. À Nawarla Gabarnmang, site majeur d’art rupestre Jawoyn (Terre d’Arnhem, Territoire du Nord – Australie), les fouilles archéologiques ont mis au jour un grand nombre de ce type de vestiges. La séquence archéologique, obtenue par datation au 14C, a révélé la présence de dépôts culturels parmi les plus anciens connus en Australie, avec une occupation du site qui s’étend de ≥48 000 ans cal BP jusqu’au début du XXème siècle. Plafonds et piliers du site présentent plusieurs générations de peintures ; les plafonds du site contiennent à eux seuls près de 1400 entités graphiques. La place de cet art interroge : est-il l’expression des premiers Hommes arrivés sur le continent australien il y a près de 50 000 ans ou le témoin d’occupations plus récentes ? Caractérisé par la superposition de plusieurs générations de peintures qu’on ne peut dater de manière « directe » en raison de la nature minéralogique des composants des peintures, la définition de leur chronologie constitue un fort enjeu de recherche. Menés d’emblée dans une approche intégrée, les premiers travaux ont permis d’étudier la chronologie et la nature des occupations, via les fouilles archéologiques, d’identifier les aménagements réalisés au cours des différentes phases d’occupation et de mettre en avant la richesse et la diversité de son répertoire artistique de même que l’abondance et la variété des vestiges associés à l’art rupestre. Afin d’appréhender au mieux la temporalité et les usages du site de Nawarla Gabarnmang depuis les premières occupations préhistoriques jusqu’aux fréquentations subactuelles, l’analyse des matières colorantes et colorées, retrouvées dans les carrés de fouille réalisés sous les panneaux peints des plafonds ou à l’aplomb des piliers décorés, permet de reconstituer les étapes de la chaîne opératoire ayant produit les matières picturales : de la source d’approvisionnement en matières premières, aux modes de transformation et de préparation (broyage, mélange avec charges et/ou liants, traitement thermique) jusqu’à leur application. La stratégie méthodologique mise en place couvre un large panel de techniques de caractérisation physico-chimique pour répondre aux problématiques soulevées par les différents vestiges associés à l’art rupestre. De l’observation macroscopique aux micro-analyses non invasives couplées à des analyses structurales, en passant par des techniques basées sur le rayonnement synchrotron, l’étude menée sur les matières colorantes et colorées a permis de révéler une diversité et une complexité de phases minérales utilisées dans l’art rupestre de Nawarla Gabarnmang. Croisée avec les données archéologiques, anthropo-géomorphologiques et pariétales, elle permet de proposer un cadre chronologique des différentes générations de peintures en lien avec les phases d’occupation qui ont marqué l’histoire du site. L’analyse des matières colorantes et colorées réalisée au cours de cette thèse constitue un vecteur de connaissances importantes et livre des informations complémentaires aux approches archéologique, géomorphologique et pariétale menées sur le site de Nawarla Gabarnmang. Les informations apportées par l’étude de ces matières permettent de renseigner tant sur les évolutions techniques et comportementales que sur l’implication culturelle de ce site, aussi bien dans ses dimensions spatiales que temporellesIn the making of rock art, raw colouring material is used, thus providing many artifacts related to different steps of elaboration of pictorial matter. In the case of the important rock art site of Nawarla Gabarnmang in the Jawoyn country (Arnhem Land, North Territory – Australia), excavations have revealed a large number of such artifacts. The archaeological sequence from the floor deposits, radiocarbon-dated from ≥48,000 cal BP to the early twentieth century, has revealed some of the oldest known cultural deposits in Australia. The ceilings of the site contain well over 1400 still-visible paintings in multiple, superimposed layers. Countless additional paintings cover many of the rock pillars’ walls. This art raises questions: is it an expression of the first humans arrived on the Australian continent 50,000 years ago, or the evidence of recent occupation periods? Characterized by a succession of overlaid motifs, which cannot be “directly” dated because of the mineralogical nature of the rock paintings’ components, the determination of the age of the rock paintings represents a major issue. Through an integrated approach to the matter, the first results of the archaeological excavations enabled to study the chronology and the nature of activities, to identify the origins and transformations of the sheltered space through time, to highlight the richness and the diversity of its artistic work, as well as the abundance and the variety of the artifacts. To get a better insight into the temporality and the uses of Nawarla Gabarnmang since the first prehistoric activities until the recent periods, the analysis of the colouring and coloured matters, found in trial excavations under the painted panels on the ceilings or at the bottom of decorated pillars, allow us to rebuild the steps of the “chaîne opératoire” leading to the production of pictorial matter: from the sources of raw materials, the methods of transformation and preparation (grinding, mixing with mineral extenders and/or organic binders, heat treatment), to the application on the rock. To answer the questions raised by different artifacts, the methodological strategy includes a large range of microscopic and spectroscopic approaches. Subjected to macroscopic observations and non-invasive micro-analytical techniques along with structural techniques, as well as techniques using synchrotron radiation, the analysis of the colouring and coloured matters has revealed the variety and the complexity of mineral compounds used in the rock art of Nawarla Gabarnmang. Then, cross-referenced with archaeological, archaeomorphological and rock art studies, the physico-chemical characterization allows to suggest a chronological framework for the different superimposed layers linked to the periods of activities that marked the history of the site. The analysis of colouring and coloured matters undertaken by this thesis represents an important source of knowledge and delivers further informations to the geomorphological, archaeological and rock art studies carried out at the Nawarla Gabarnmang. The results provided by the study of these materials bring information as well on technical and behavioral evolutions, as on the cultural involvement of this site, not only in its spatial but also in its temporal dimensions
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KARSKENS, Grace. "THE ROCKS AND SYDNEY: SOCIETY, CULTURE AND MATERIAL LIFE 1788-C1830." University of Sydney, History, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/405.
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This study explores the early history of Sydney's Rocks area at two levels. First, it provides a much-needed history of the city's earliest, oldest-surviving and best-known precinct, one which allows an investigation of popular beliefs about the Rocks' convict origins, and which challenges and qualifies its reputation for lowlife, vice and squalor. Second, by examining fundamental aspects of everyday life - townscape, community and commonality, family life and work, human interaction and rites of passage - this study throws new light on the origins of Sydney from the perspective of the convict and ex-convict majority. Despite longstanding historical interest in Sydney's beginnings, the cultural identity, values, habits, beliefs of the convicts and ex-convicts remained largely hidden. The examination of such aspects reveals another Sydney altogether from that presented by governors, artists and mapmakers. Instead of an orderly oupost of empire, a gaol-town, or a 'gulag', the Sydney the Rocks represents was built and occupied largely according to the tastes, priorities and inclination of the people, with relatively little official regulation or interference. While the Rocks appeared 'disorderly' in the eyes of the elite, it nevertheless functioned according to cultural rules, those of the lower orders - the artisans, shopkeepers, publicans, labouring people, the majority of whom were convicts and ex-convicts.
Books on the topic "Colors Australia"
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Olawsky, Lynn Ainsworth. Colors of Australia. Minneapolis: Carolrhoda Books, 1997.
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Olson, Nathan. Australia in colors. Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2009.
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Mark, Lang, ed. The colours of Australia. London: Hale, 1989.
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Mark, Lang, ed. The colours of Australia. Sydney: Weldon, 1992.
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Tim, Winton, ed. Australian colours: Images from the outback. Hong Kong: Local Colour, 1998.
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Tim, Winton, ed. Local color: Travels in the other Australia. [Australia]: Odyssey, 1994.
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Drawing in Australia: Drawings, water-colours, pastels, and collages from the 1770s to the 1980s. [Canberra]: Australian National Gallery, 1989.
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Elizabeth, Alger, ed. The magic colours. Marleston, S. Aust: J.B. Books, 1999.
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Grebert, Rick. The significance of ribbon colours on medals worn since 1815 by Australians. Dural, N.S.W: Landers Publishing, 2007.
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Poet of the colours: The life of John Shaw Neilson. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Colors Australia"
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Federman, David. "Australian Pink Diamond." In Modern Jeweler’s Consumer Guide to Colored Gemstones, 54–57. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6488-7_12.
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Federman, David. "Australian Black Opal." In Modern Jeweler’s Consumer Guide to Colored Gemstones, 126–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6488-7_30.
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Federman, David. "Australian White Opal." In Modern Jeweler’s Consumer Guide to Colored Gemstones, 130–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6488-7_31.
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Steward, Judy M., and Barry L. Cole. "Incidence of Congenital Colour Vision Defects in an Australian Optometric Population." In Colour Vision Deficiencies IX, 109–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2695-0_12.
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Liamputtong, Pranee, Kyja Noack-Lundberg, Tinashe Dune, Jane Ussher, Alex Hawkey, Brahm Marjadi, Janette Perz, Virginia Schmied, Jessica Sekar, and Eloise Brook. "Researching Sexual Violence with Trans Women of Color in Australia." In Handbook of Social Inclusion, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48277-0_69-1.
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Liamputtong, Pranee, Kyja Noack-Lundberg, Tinashe Dune, Jane Ussher, Alex Hawkey, Brahm Marjadi, Janette Perz, Virginia Schmied, Jessica Sekar, and Eloise Brook. "Researching Sexual Violence with Trans Women of Color in Australia." In Handbook of Social Inclusion, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48277-0_69-2.
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Liamputtong, Pranee, Kyja Noack-Lundberg, Tinashe Dune, Jane M. Ussher, Alex Hawkey, Brahmaputra Marjadi, Janette Perz, Virginia Schmied, Jessica Sekar, and Eloise Brook. "Researching Sexual Violence with Trans Women of Color in Australia." In Handbook of Social Inclusion, 1295–312. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89594-5_69.
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Woollacott, Angela. "Ambiguity and Necessity: Settlers and Aborigines in Intimate Tension in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Australia." In Intimacies of Violence in the Settler Colony, 45–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76231-9_3.
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Ryan, Lyndall. "The Australian Agricultural Company, the Van Diemen’s Land Company: Labour Relations with Aboriginal Landowners, 1824–1835." In Intimacies of Violence in the Settler Colony, 25–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76231-9_2.
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Goss, W. M., Claire Hooker, and Ronald D. Ekers. "Driving the GRT, 1957–1959." In Historical & Cultural Astronomy, 437–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07916-0_29.
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AbstractThe late 1950s were chiefly characterised by immense frustration and very difficult relations with the British designers Freeman, Fox and Partners (FFP). A crucial change forced by Bowen and initially resisted by FFP, was to call for competitive bids. Despite the pressure to select a British firm for the construction contract it was awarded to a German firm, Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg (MAN). This dramatically illustrates the extent to which an ex-British colony was now truly independent and capable of making what certainly transpired to be an excellent solution. The combination of the innovative UK FFP mechanical design, the efficient MAN German construction and the Australian radio systems engineering was a great success.
Conference papers on the topic "Colors Australia"
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Postma, Peter, and Bob Chorley. "Colour Grading with Colour Management." In SMPTE Australia Conference. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/m001610.
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Metcalfe, Priya. "Gender, color, and the domestic sphere in Western Australia 1890-1914." In 9th Congress of the International Color Association, edited by Robert Chung and Allan Rodrigues. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.464563.
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Wagner, Michael. "Calibrated Color and Software for LED Luminaires." In SMPTE Australia Conference. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/m001736.
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Borg, Lars. "Better Color Conversions for HDR and UHD TV Productions." In SMPTE Australia Conference. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/m001609.
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Kennel, Glen. "Colour Calibration in Digital Film Systems." In SMPTE Australia Conference. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/m001201.
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Tobin, Genevieve Mary. "The silver lining: preliminary research into gold-coloured varnishes for loss compensation in two 19th C silver gilded frames." In RECH6 - 6th International Meeting on Retouching of Cultural Heritage. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/rech6.2021.13498.
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Golden varnishes appear on frames, furniture, wall hangings, leatherwork, panel paintings, mural paintings, and polychromy, and were applied to white metal gilding to imitate gold and other semi-precious materials. Despite the number of examples in cultural heritage there are few publications that discuss the ethical considerations of treating coloured silver gilded surfaces. The chromatic reintegration of gold-coloured varnishes on white metal gilding present specific material and technical challenges. In 2021 the Art Gallery of New South Wales (AGNSW) treated two identical late 19th century silver gilded frames for portraits by Joseph Backler from the Australian collection. In addition, a third portrait required the fabrication of a reproduction frame identical to the others. Conservation of the frames presented an opportunity for carrying out experiments into coloured coatings for loss compensation on silver gilding exploring applications for select conservation paints, dyes, and synthetic resins as substitutes for shellac. The results of experiments demonstrate that with the right application Liquitex Soluvar Gloss Varnish, Laropal A81 and Paraloid B72, present gloss levels and visual film forming properties comparable to shellac coatings when applied to burnished gilding. Additional tests with various dye colours illustrate that Orasol ® dye mixtures in colours Yellow 2GLN, Yellow 2RL, and Brown 2GL are reliable colour imitations for traditional gold-coloured varnishes. Although this research is preliminary, it may inform the selection and application of appropriate retouching materials for compensating losses to burnished silver leaf and golden varnishes in gilding conservation.
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Ohl, Stephen P., and Robert E. Allison. "Ultrasonic Inline Inspection of the Moomba to Sydney Pipeline." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10127.
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For the majority of Australian gas pipelines it is not practical to remove them from service for extended periods of time. This rules out hydrostatic testing as a means of confirming the integrity of older pipelines including those that may contain Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC). The Moomba to Sydney pipeline (MSP) at 864 mm (34 inch) nominal bore and 1299 km (807 miles) in length is the largest diameter onshore gas transmission pipeline in Australia. Commissioned in 1976, it has a history of susceptibility to SCC and, in 1982, six years after commissioning, suffered a SCC initiated rupture. Since this time the pipeline owners have operated and maintained the pipeline to ensure no further SCC initiated failures. Maintenance for SCC has included a targeted excavation program which, between 2000 and 2004, found significant SCC colonies. This created the need to develop a more comprehensive approach to locate and identify every significant SCC colony in the pipeline. Several options were considered but the one that was selected as best meeting the performance criteria was the use of an ultrasonic intelligent pig running in a liquid medium. This pigging operation had to be carried out while the pipeline continued in operation with minimal disruption to gas transmission operation. This had never been done before in Australia. The initial intelligent pigging program of the first 162 km (101 miles) of the pipeline was conducted in early 2005 with an additional 292 km (181 miles) pigged in early 2006. This paper provides information on the approach taken to overcome the many technical, operational and commercial challenges of this operation. Water was chosen as the liquid medium and a major issue was the introduction and removal of water from the pipeline while it remained in operation. This could not have been achieved without the co-operation of producers, shippers, network owners, network operators, technical regulators and contractors. The paper also looks at the how the results obtained from the pigging will be used to enable the SCC to be managed in a safe and efficient manner and confirming the safety and fitness for purpose of the MSP now and into the future.
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Castelletto, Stefania, F. A. Inam, A. Boretti, and J. M. Bluet. "Integrated color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars." In AOS Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (ACOFT) and Australian Conference on Optics, Lasers, and Spectroscopy (ACOLS) 2019, edited by Arnan Mitchell and Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2556256.
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Langley, D., E. Balaur, C. Sadatnajafi, and B. Abbey. "Dual pitch plasmonic devices for polarization enhanced colour based sensing." In SPIE BioPhotonics Australasia, edited by Mark R. Hutchinson and Ewa M. Goldys. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2242975.
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Shaukat, Ayesha, and Khalid Arif. "Design of CMOS compatible plasmonic color filter for high selectivity." In AOS Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (ACOFT) and Australian Conference on Optics, Lasers, and Spectroscopy (ACOLS) 2019, edited by Arnan Mitchell and Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2539266.
Full textReports on the topic "Colors Australia"
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Burns-Dans, Elizabeth, Alexandra Wallis, and Deborah Gare. A History of the Architects Board of Western Australia, 1921-2021. The Architects Board of Western Australia and The University of Notre Dame Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/reports/2021.1.
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An economic and population boom in the 1890s created opportunities for architects to find work and fame in Western Australia. Architecture, therefore, became a viable profession for the first time, and the number of practicing architects in the colony (and then state) quickly grew. Associations such as the Western Australian Institute of Architects were established to organise the profession, but as the number of architects grew and Western Australian society matured, it became evident that a role for government was required to ensure practice standards and consumer protection. In 1921, therefore, the Architects Act was passed, and, in the following year, the Architects Board of Western Australia was launched. This report traces the evolution and transformation of professional architectural practice since then, and evaluates the role and impact of the Board in its first century.
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong, and Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.
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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.
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Klement, Eyal, Elizabeth Howerth, William C. Wilson, David Stallknecht, Danny Mead, Hagai Yadin, Itamar Lensky, and Nadav Galon. Exploration of the Epidemiology of a Newly Emerging Cattle-Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in Israel. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697118.bard.
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In September 2006 an outbreak of 'Bluetongue like' disease struck the cattle herds in Israel. Over 100 dairy and beef cattle herds were affected. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) (an Orbivirusclosely related to bluetongue virus (BTV)), was isolated from samples collected from several herds during the outbreaks. Following are the aims of the study and summary of the results: which up until now were published in 6 articles in peer-reviewed journals. Three more articles are still under preparation: 1. To identify the origin of the virus: The virus identified was fully sequenced and compared with the sequences available in the GenBank. It appeared that while gene segment L2 was clustered with EHDV-7 isolated in Australia, most of the other segments were clustered with EHDV-6 isolates from South-Africa and Bahrain. This may suggest that the strain which affected Israel on 2006 may have been related to similar outbreaks which occurred in north-Africa at the same year and could also be a result of reassortment with an Australian strain (Wilson et al. article in preparation). Analysis of the serological results from Israel demonstrated that cows and calves were similarly positive as opposed to BTV for which seropositivity in cows was significantly higher than in calves. This finding also supports the hypothesis that the 2006 EHD outbreak in Israel was an incursive event and the virus was not present in Israel before this outbreak (Kedmi et al. Veterinary Journal, 2011) 2. To identify the vectors of this virus: In the US, Culicoides sonorensis was found as an efficient vector of EHDV as the virus was transmitted by midges fed on infected white tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileusvirginianus) to susceptible WTD (Ruder et al. Parasites and Vectors, 2012). We also examined the effect of temperature on replication of EHDV-7 in C. sonorensis and demonstrated that the time to detection of potentially competent midges decreased with increasing temperature (Ruder et al. in preparation). Although multiple attempts were made, we failed to evaluate wild-caught Culicoidesinsignisas a potential vector for EHDV-7; however, our finding that C. sonorensis is a competent vector is far more significant because this species is widespread in the U.S. As for Israeli Culicoides spp. the main species caught near farms affected during the outbreaks were C. imicolaand C. oxystoma. The vector competence studies performed in Israel were in a smaller scale than in the US due to lack of a laboratory colony of these species and due to lack of facilities to infect animals with vector borne diseases. However, we found both species to be susceptible for infection by EHDV. For C. oxystoma, 1/3 of the Culicoidesinfected were positive 11 days post feeding. 3. To identify the host and environmental factors influencing the level of exposure to EHDV, its spread and its associated morbidity: Analysis of the cattle morbidity in Israel showed that the disease resulted in an average loss of over 200 kg milk per cow in herds affected during September 2006 and 1.42% excess mortality in heavily infected herds (Kedmi et al. Journal of Dairy Science, 2010). Outbreak investigation showed that winds played a significant role in virus spread during the 2006 outbreak (Kedmi et al. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2010). Further studies showed that both sheep (Kedmi et al. Veterinary Microbiology, 2011) and wild ruminants did not play a significant role in virus spread in Israel (Kedmi et al. article in preparation). Clinical studies in WTD showed that this species is highly susceptibile to EHDV-7 infection and disease (Ruder et al. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2012). Experimental infection of Holstein cattle (cows and calves) yielded subclinical viremia (Ruder et al. in preparation). The findings of this study, which resulted in 6 articles, published in peer reviewed journals and 4 more articles which are in preparation, contributed to the dairy industry in Israel by defining the main factors associated with disease spread and assessment of disease impact. In the US, we demonstrated that sufficient conditions exist for potential virus establishment if EHDV-7 were introduced. The significant knowledge gained through this study will enable better decision making regarding prevention and control measures for EHDV and similar viruses, such as BTV.
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Revised shaded relief map and controlled color photomosaic of the Mare Australe region (MC-30) of Mars. US Geological Survey, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/i2571.
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