Relevant bibliographies by topics / Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis

Academic literature on the topic 'Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis"

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Hong, Seung Wook, and Jeong-Sik Byeon. "Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer." Intestinal Research 20, no. 3 (July 30, 2022): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00169.

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Early colorectal cancer refers to cancer in the colorectum that is confined to the mucosa or submucosa and does not invade the muscularis propria, irrespective of lymph node or distant metastasis. As the number of persons undergoing screening colonoscopy increases, the proportion of patients diagnosed with precancerous colorectal lesions and early colorectal cancer also increases. In the last decade, innovative optical technologies for endoscopic diagnosis have been introduced and endoscopic treatment techniques such as endoscopic submucosal dissection have provided major breakthroughs in the management of early colorectal cancer. With these remarkable developments, endoscopic treatment has established itself as an alternative to surgical resection in the treatment of early colorectal cancer. This review will discuss the endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer. Furthermore, the unmet needs in this field and the latest research addressing those issues will be summarized.
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Lee, Bong Hwa. "Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 45, no. 7 (2002): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2002.45.7.811.

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Kornfeld, D., A. Ekbom, and T. Ihre. "Is there an excess risk for colorectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis and concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis? A population based study." Gut 41, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.41.4.522.

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Background—Patients with ulcerative colitis have an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Duration, age, and extent of the disease at diagnosis are the only established risk factors. Patients with ulcerative colitis and concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) have been reported to have a higher frequency of colonic DNA aneuploidy and/or dysplasia than expected, findings indicating an increased risk of colorectal cancer compared with other patients with ulcerative colitis.Methods—A population based cohort consisting of 125 patients with a verified diagnosis of PSC was followed up by linkage to the Swedish Cancer Registry for the occurrence of colorectal cancer.Results—There were 12 colorectal cancers. Six cancers were diagnosed prior to the diagnosis of PSC. Among the 104 patients with an intact colon at the time of the diagnosis of PSC there was a cumulative risk for colorectal cancer of 16% after 10 years. Among the 58 patients with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer prior to the diagnosis of PSC, there were five colorectal cancers corresponding to a cumulative risk of 25% after 10 years.Conclusions—Patients with ulcerative colitis and concomitant PSC seem to constitute a subgroup with a high risk for colorectal cancer.
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Ramesh, Ranjana, Dorin Dsouza, Yogish S, and Mahadeva Murthy S. "COLORECTAL CANCER: A REVIEW OF DISEASE DIAGNOSIS, SURGICAL INTERVENTION AND TREATMENT PROCEDURES." Indian Research Journal of Pharmacy and Science 5, no. 1 (March 2018): 1260–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/irjps.2018.5.1.5.

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Toiyama, Yuji, Yasuhiro Inoue, and Masato Kusunoki. "Molecular Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer." Nippon Daicho Komonbyo Gakkai Zasshi 69, no. 10 (2016): 480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3862/jcoloproctology.69.480.

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Gabelloni, V. Gonzalez, N. Paul, G. Ugo, and W. A. Clavelli. "VP03.01: Colorectal cancer: transvaginal diagnosis." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 58, S1 (October 2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.24045.

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Kim, Ah Young. "Imaging Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 53, no. 7 (2010): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2010.53.7.562.

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Geiger, Timothy M. "Colorectal Cancer Screening and Diagnosis." Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 61, no. 4 (April 2018): 417–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dcr.0000000000000968.

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Romano, Giovanni, Giulio Belli, and Gianluca Rotondano. "Colorectal Cancer: Diagnosis of Recurrence." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 5, no. 4 (October 1995): 831–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1052-5157(18)30405-7.

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于, 红梅. "Optical Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer." Medical Diagnosis 09, no. 02 (2019): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/md.2019.92010.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis"

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Wood, Emma McIntosh. "Delays in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445952.

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Boone, D. J. "Facilitating colorectal cancer diagnosis with computed tomographic colonography." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1413011/.

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Computed tomographic colonography (CTC) is a diagnostic technique involving helical volume acquisition of the cleansed, distended colorectum to detect colorectal cancer or potentially premalignant polyps. This Thesis summarises the evidence base, identifies areas in need of further research, quantifies sources of bias and presents novel techniques to facilitate colorectal cancer diagnosis using CTC. CTC literature is reviewed to justify the rationale for current implementation and to identify fruitful areas for research. This confirms excellent diagnostic performance can be attained providing CTC is interpreted by trained, experienced observers employing state-of-the-art implementation. The technique is superior to barium enema and consequently, it has been embraced by radiologists, clinicians and health policy-makers. Factors influencing generalisability of CTC research are investigated, firstly with a survey of European educational workshop participants which revealed limited CTC experience and training, followed by a systematic review exploring bias in research studies of diagnostic test accuracy which established that studies focussing on these aspects were lacking. Experiments to address these sources of bias are presented, using novel methodology: Conjoint analysis is used to ascertain patients‘ and clinicians’ attitudes to false-positive screening diagnoses, showing that both groups overwhelmingly value sensitivity over specificity. The results inform a weighted statistical analysis for CAD which is applied to the results of two previous studies showing the incremental benefit is significantly higher for novices than experienced readers. We have employed eye-tracking technology to establish the visual search patterns of observers reading CTC, demonstrated feasibility and developed metrics for analysis. We also describe development and validation of computer software to register prone and supine endoluminal surface locations demonstrating accurate matching of corresponding points when applied to a phantom and a generalisable, publically available, CTC database. Finally, areas in need of future development are suggested.
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Loukola, Anu-Maria. "Molecular diagnosis of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2000. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/haart/vk/loukola/.

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Abu, Sharour Lo'ai Mohammad Jumah. "Psychosocial Predictors of Quality of Life among Jordanian Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Mixed-Method Study." Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366759.

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Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide (National Cancer Institute [NCI], 2007); its prevalence is also reflected in the Jordanian population (Jordanian Ministry of Health & Jordan Cancer Registry [MOH & JCR], 2008). It appears that CRC diagnosis and treatment modalities have a negative impact on patients’ physical, social, and emotional well-being and their quality of life (QOL). Alarmingly, up to 35% of CRC patients have clinically significant levels of psychological distress. Accordingly, better understanding of QOL and its psychosocial predictors will assist health professionals, especially oncology nurses, to recognize the effects of CRC and its treatment modalities on patients and to plan appropriate interventions to ameliorate these effects. This study was conducted in two phases using mixed methods in a sequentional-explanatory design to: (1) explore the relationships between hope, coping, psychological distress (depression and anxiety), age, gender, marital status, income, time since diagnosis and QOL among Jordanian CRC patients; (2) identify to what extent hope, coping, psychological distress (depression and anxiety), age, gender, marital status, income and time since diagnosis predicts QOL among Jordanian CRC patients; and (3) describe Jordanian CRC patients’ experiences and perceptions about QOL during their treatment period.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Nursing and Midwifery
Griffith Health
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Olsson, Louise. "Early detection of colorectal cancer /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-841-6/.

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Oda, Masahiro, Takayuki Kitasaka, Kensaku Mori, and Yasuhito Suenaga. "DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER AIDED DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM FOR COLORECTAL CANCER BASED ON NAVIGATION DIAGNOSIS." INTELLIGENT MEDIA INTEGRATION NAGOYA UNIVERSITY / COE, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10473.

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Fong, Yuen, and 方圓. "A systematic review of factors influencing the uptake of screening for colorectal cancer using a faecal occult blood test." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193837.

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Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers with high morbidity and mortality among both genders and yet it carries a better prognosis when detected early. Colorectal cancer screening using faecal occult blood test (FOBT) is proven to be cost-effective, however worldwide FOBT uptake rate is suboptimal which directly affects the cost-effectiveness of the screening program. Identifying those factors that influence the uptake of colorectal cancer screening using FOBT will allow implementation of relevant measures when planning a population based screening program. Methods A structured electronic search using PubMed and Medline was conducted in order to identify studies that included factors influencing the uptake of CRC screening by using FOBT. Qualities of included studies were assessed by quality assessment checklist STROBE. Results Factors that contributed to the low uptake rate of CRC screening by FOBT were identified and summarized. They were broadly divided into 3 groups. Demographic factors: age, gender, social economic status, insurance status and education, for ethnicity, employment status and obesity further studies in the future may be needed. Subject factors: subject’s attitudes and knowledge towards CRC screening, type of FOBT screening, health concerned behavior, frequency of clinical visit and physiciancomment. Provider factors: health care system factor and physicians’ factors. Conclusion Different factors, in particular those factors that were associated with low FOBT uptake rate in CRC screening, were reviewed and summarized in this paper. With the continuous effort from worldwide as well as local investigators, timely measures can be implemented to tackle this deathly disease and to ensure cost effectiveness of a screening program.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Weller, David P. "Colorectal cancer in the Australian population : prospects for prevention through screening /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw4478.pdf.

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Ward, Nicholas. "Serum protein profiling using a proteomics approach in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510507.

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Chen, Dan Chary. "Pathological image processing and geometric modelling for improved management of colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711813.

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Books on the topic "Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis"

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Colorectal cancer. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier, 2010.

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M, Goldberg Stanley, and Garcia-Aguilar Julio, eds. Colorectal cancer. Oxford: Health Press, 1999.

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Olsson, Louise, ed. Timely Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65286-3.

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Jenkins, Julianne E. Colorectal cancer: Risk, diagnosis, and treatments. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Colorectal cancer screening. New York: Humana Press, 2011.

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Anderson, Joseph C., and Charles J. Kahi. Colorectal cancer screening. New York: Humana Press, 2011.

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Margie, Patlak, Micheel Christine, German Robert K, National Cancer Policy Forum (U.S.), and Institute of Medicine (U.S.), eds. Implementing colorectal cancer screening: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2008.

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Kudō, Shin'ei. Early colorectal cancer: Detection of depressed types colorectal carcinomas. Tokyo: Igaku-Shoin, 1996.

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Saltz, Leonard B. Colorectal cancer: Multimodality management. Totowa, N.J: Humana, 2002.

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Haigis, Kevin M. Molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. New York: Springer, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis"

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Ponz de Leon, Maurizio. "Diagnosis and Clinical Features of Colorectal Cancer." In Colorectal Cancer, 79–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56008-8_4.

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Owens, Scott R. "Anal Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Diagnosis Using p63 Immunohistochemistry." In Colorectal Cancer, 463–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9545-0_28.

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Ayham, Alnabulsi, Carpenter Brian, Telfer Colin, and Graeme I. Murray. "Colorectal Cancer: Immunohistochemical Diagnosis with Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K." In Colorectal Cancer, 25–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9545-0_3.

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Goldsmith, Stanley J., and Lale Kostakoglu. "Nuclear Medicine in the Diagnosis and Management of Colorectal Cancer." In Colorectal Cancer, 157–77. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-160-2_10.

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Flamini, Emanuela, Calistri Daniele, Mercatali Laura, Rengucci Claudia, and Amadori Dino. "Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis Using DNA Levels in Blood and Stool." In Colorectal Cancer, 65–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9545-0_5.

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Dariya, Begum, Gayathri Chalikonda, and Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju. "Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer." In Colon Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63369-1_1.

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Lopes, Roberto Heleno, Bruno Roberto Braga Azevedo, André Noronha Arvellos, Phillipe Abreu-Reis, and Alexandre Ferreira Oliveira. "Diagnosis of Colorectal Liver Metastases." In Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases, 35–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25486-5_4.

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Tuohy, Thérèse M. F., and Randall W. Burt. "Attenuated Familial Adenomatous Polyposis: Diagnosis, Management, and Future Prognosis." In Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, 253–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6603-2_14.

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Vuong, Té, Tamim Niazi, Sender Liberman, Polymnia Galiatsatos, and Slobodan Devic. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Rectal Cancer." In Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer, 389–407. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8833-8_14.

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Priya, S., and P. K. Satheeshkumar. "Exosomal Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer." In Colon Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, 101–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63369-1_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis"

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Hong, Chin-Yih, Shieh-Yueh Yang, K. W. Huang, Herng-Er Horng, and Hong-Chang Yang. "In-Vitro Diagnosis of Colon Cancer Using Bio-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47178.

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The popular bio-marker for colon cancer is carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). By conjugating anti-CEA onto magnetic nanoparticles, CEA can be specially labeled and detected by measuring magnetic signals via immunomagnetic reduction (IMR). The low detection limit and detection range of IMR on CEA are investigated. The results are compared with those by using the existing assay, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It is evidenced that IMR has sensitivity much higher than that of ELISA. The low detection limit is below the normal level of CEA concentration of clinic practice and is suitable for early-stage in-vitro diagnosis for colon cancer. Furthermore, the dynamic range of detection for the CEA concentration using IMR extends well above the threshold of high risk level of colorectal carcinoma in current diagnosing practice. Therefore, IMR is also suitable in other stages diagnosis for colon cancer development.
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Dulf, Eva-H., Cristina I. Muresan, Teodora Mocan, and Lucian Mocan. "Computer-Aided Diagnosis System for Colorectal Cancer." In 2021 25th International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing (ICSTCC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icstcc52150.2021.9607272.

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Fu, S., C. T. Chia, C. L. Tang, C. H. Diong, and C. Seow. "Changes in in-vivo autofluorescence spectra at different periods in rat colorectal tumor progression." In European Conference on Biomedical Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ecbo.2001.4432_118.

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The study focuses on the Laser-Induced Autofluorescence (LIAF) diagnosis technique for identifying early tumor tissue. 442nm light from a Helium-Cadmium Laser is excited to investigate the spectra of the in vivo normal and tumor rat colorectal tissues. The experiment results show that the LIAF spectra of the normal and tumor colorectal tissues exhibit the significant differences. The results are potentially useful for the development of a clinical study for early colorectal cancer diagnosis.
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Bando, Keisuke, Ren Nishimoto, Mikio Matsuhiro, Hidenobu Suzuki, Yoshiki Kawata, Noboru Niki, and Gen Iinuma. "Metastatic lymph node analysis of colorectal cancer using quadruple-phase CT images." In Computer-Aided Diagnosis, edited by Horst K. Hahn and Kensaku Mori. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2512738.

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Watanuki, Keiichi, Tetsuhiro Suzuki, Yusuke Osawa, Kazunori Kaede, and Shinsuke Kazama. "Automatic Generation of AI-based Cancer Pathology Data and Highly Accurate Colorectal Cancer Pathology Diagnosis Support." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001787.

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Owing to the increase in the number of pathological diagnoses and the shortage of pathologists, the burden on pathologists has been increasing. Accordingly, support systems are expected to be utilized for analyzing pathological images using deep learning to reduce the burden on pathologists. However, the deep learning model needs to be trained using a dataset consisting of a large number of cases, to improve its performance. However, the creation of such a dataset is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Thus, an efficient method for creating datasets is required to create large datasets for future practical use. In this paper, we propose a method for creating datasets using image segmentation based on deep learning. First, we investigated whether the discriminative performance of the deep learning model can be improved by using a narrow-band light source for photographing pathological specimens. Consequently, the correct response rate was 0.93 when a white LED was used as the light source and the image was used as the input, and 0.95 when two narrow-band light sources of wavelengths 500 nm and 570 nm were used as the light sources and the image was used as the input. This indicates that using a specific narrow-band light source can improve the discrimination performance of the deep learning model compared with using white LEDs as the light source. In addition, we efficiently constructed a large and precise dataset consisting of 1018 colorectal pathology images (2028 images) and pixel-by-pixel annotation information using a dataset creation method based on image segmentation via deep learning. In contrast to the conventional handwritten annotation process, which takes an average of 520 s, the proposed method takes an average of 137 s; thus, the creation of the database is accelerated. We trained a deep learning model using the dataset of colorectal pathology specimen images created in this study. The deep learning model was trained to classify images obtained by segmenting the large-sized pathological specimen images into those containing malignant tumors and those not containing malignant tumors. The results of the diagnostic accuracy of the model were as follows: a sensitivity of 95.2%, a specificity of 97.1%, a positive predictive value of 95.29%, and a negative predictive value of 97.06%. The percentage of correct classification was 0.97, and the AUC was 0.99. In this study, we constructed a pathological specimen imaging system using narrow-band light sources of two specific wavelengths as the imaging light source, and created a dataset with high accuracy semi-automatically via image segmentation using deep learning. In addition, we constructed a system that can efficiently and semi-automatically create a large and precise dataset consisting of colorectal pathology images and pixel-by-pixel annotation information. We evaluated these systems and confirmed that they could classify colorectal pathology specimen images as accurately and quickly as or more accurately than pathologists. Thus, we demonstrated their usefulness as a pathology image analysis support system.
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Yang, Fang, Xiaoming Yang, H. Jiang, P. Wood, W. Hrushesky, and G. R. Wang. "Dielectrophoresis Separation of Colon Cancer Cell." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18519.

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Separation of cancer cells from the other biological cells is important for clinical cancer diagnosis and cancer treatment. In this presentation, we use conventional dielectrophoresis (c-DEP) in a microfluidic chip to manipulate and collect colorectal cancer HCT116 cell. It is noticed that at particular AC frequency band, the HCT116 cell are deflected to a side channel from a main channel clearly after the electric activation. This motion caused by negative DEP can be used to separate the cancer cell from others. In this manuscript, we report the chip design, flow condition, the DEP spectrum of the cancer cell, and the separation and collection efficiency as well.
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"Descriptive Epidemiological Study of Colorectal Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in North Jordan." In International Conference on Public Health and Humanitarian Action. International Federation of Medical Students' Associations - Jordan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56950/wyzq8668.

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Introduction and Aim Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidences have been steadily on the rise and is one of the common cancers worldwide; it accounted for 10.7% of all new cancer incidences in 2016 in Jordan. We aim to describe epidemiological, demographical, and clinical characteristics of CRC in North Jordan. Methods A single-center retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with CRC between 2003 and 2019 at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) in Irbid, North of Jordan was performed. Clinical and demographical data were extracted from the patients’ medical records. Patients were stratified by age groups into younger (≤50) and older (>50), and by tumor location into right colon (cecum, ascending, transverse), left colon (descending, sigmoid), and rectum. Patients with multifocal tumors were excluded. Results 514 CRC cases were identified. Males constituted 55.8% of the patients. The median age upon diagnosis was 59 years (IQR 49-68). Stage 4 was the most frequent among our sample (157/454; 34.58%) with most patients having grade 2 tumors (397/472; 84.1%) and invasive adenocarcinoma subtype (421/514; 81.9%). Left colon was the most common location in both age groups, followed by the rectum in the younger group and the right colon for the older group. Regarding tumor sidedness, left-sided tumors were the most common (38.9%), followed by right-sided (32.3%) with sigmoid (64%) and ascending colon (40.4%) being the most affected anatomical locations within right-sided and left-sided tumors respectively. The right colon group had the highest proportion of high-grade cases (18.4%) when compared with the other two (P < 0.001). Significant associations between tumor location and mean age, tumor grade, histological subtype, smoking, HTN status, and having a positive family history were identified. Conclusion Patients in our cohort were more likely to have advanced stages of CRC upon diagnosis which emphasizes the importance of screening when there’s clinical suspicion.
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Mansour, Hicham, Noureddine Bouarourou, Jean Pierre Roperch, Fouazi Habib, and Mourad Said. "Abstract B08: Potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis and prognosis." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference: Colorectal Cancer: From Initiation to Outcomes; September 17-20, 2016; Tampa, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.crc16-b08.

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Leavesley, Silas J., Joshua Deal, Will A. Martin, Malvika Lall, Carmen Lopez, Thomas C. Rich, Carole W. Boudreaux, Paul F. Rider, and Shante Hill. "Colorectal cancer detection by hyperspectral imaging using fluorescence excitation scanning." In Optical Biopsy XVI: Toward Real-Time Spectroscopic Imaging and Diagnosis, edited by Robert R. Alfano and Stavros G. Demos. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2290696.

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Gavalis, Robb M., Hua Xing, Peter Y. Wong, Lothar Lilge, and Caroline G. L. Cao. "Design of a Navigational Aid for Colonoscopy." In ASME 2008 3rd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2008-38060.

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Colonoscopy is currently the gold standard for diagnosing colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. During a colonoscopy, a flexible endoscope is inserted into the patient’s colon to inspect the inner wall of the large intestine, from the rectum to the caecum. This procedure is very important for cancer screening and can yield early diagnosis. Colon cancer is 85–95% successfully treated if detected early; however, there is only a 30% compliance rate for the procedure in the United States. This low compliance rate for the examination is largely due to its uncomfortable nature, caused by difficulties in blind scope manipulation, and “looping” of the endoscope which can lead to stretching and perforation of the bowel [1] (Figure 1).
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Reports on the topic "Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis"

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N Chui, Juanita, William A Ziaziaris, Ali Mohtashami, Christopher SH Lim, Nazim Bhimani, and Thomas J Hugh. Biliary Metastases from Colon Cancer: A Rare Differential Diagnosis for Obstructive Jaundice. Science Repository, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.ajscr.2022.03.03.

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Metastatic infiltration of the biliary tree is a rare manifestation of colorectal cancer. Currently, there is limited evidence to inform the management of such cases and the prognosis is poor. Herein, we report a case of biliary colorectal metastases with extensive multifocal involvement and discuss the challenges of the diagnosis and treatment.
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G.P, Abinaya, Iyshwarya B K, and Ramakrishnan V. The development of novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Peeref, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2211p5992576.

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Lines, Lisa M., Florence K. L. Tangka, Sonja Hoover, and Sujha Subramanian. People with Colorectal Cancer in SEER-Medicare: Part D Uptake, Costs, and Outcomes. RTI Press, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0037.2005.

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Limited information exists about enrollment in Part D prescription coverage by Medicare beneficiaries with cancer. Part D coverage may increase access to medicines. This study evaluated patterns of Part D uptake and costs and assessed the effects of coverage on hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) use among people with colorectal cancer (CRC). We analyzed Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare linked data on fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare beneficiaries with at least 36 months of follow-up who were diagnosed with CRC at any point from January 2007 through December 2010, and a matched cohort of beneficiaries without cancer. Dual (Medicare/Medicaid) enrollees were excluded because they are automatically enrolled in Part D. Among beneficiaries with CRC (n=12,774), 39 percent had complete Part D coverage, defined as coverage in the diagnosis year and 2 subsequent years; the rate was 38 percent in the matched comparison cohort (P=.119). Among those with complete Part D coverage, there was no significant difference in annual prescription drug costs between people with CRC ($3,157, 95% confidence interval [CI]: $3,098–$3,216) and without ($3,113, 95% CI: $3,054–$3,172). Among people with CRC, odds of ED use ranged from unchanged to marginally higher for those with no or partial Part D coverage, (adjusted odds ratio: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00–1.18), compared with those with complete Part D coverage. Lack of continuous Part D coverage was associated with more ED use among Medicare FFS beneficiaries with CRC in 2007–2013. Among people with Part D coverage, prescription drug costs varied little between those with CRC and matched beneficiaries without cancer.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.

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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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