Journal articles: 'Colorado potato beetle – Biological control'

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Martin, Phyllis A. W., Robert F. W. Schroder, Tadeusz J. Poprawski, Jerzy J. Lipa, Ervin Hausvater, and Vlastimil Rasocha. "Temperature Effects on the Susceptibility of the Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin in Poland, the Czech Republic and the United States2." Journal of Entomological Science 35, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-35.3.251.

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Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin is a fungus with broad spectrum insecticidal activity. As a biological control agent used against Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)), this fungus has performed erratically in various field studies. This inconsistent performance has been attributed to formulation problems, UV sensitivity, and humidity. In a multi-site test, B. bassiana controlled Colorado potato beetle larvae in both Poland and the Czech Republic, but not in Maryland. Control was measured by reduction in populations of beetle larvae. One of the major differences among these sites was temperature. In Poland, the mean temperature ranged from 5°C to 23°C; in the Czech Republic the average temperature ranged from 6.7°C to 18.7°C; and in Maryland, temperatures at time of application exceeded 45°C at canopy level. This led us to examine B. bassiana growth in vitro.While B. bassiana grew in the laboratory from 16 to 30°C, the B. bassiana from a formulated product (Mycotrol™, Mycotech, Butte, MT) did not germinate at temperatures above 37°C. Germination and subsequent development of this entomopathogenic fungi are critical factors in the infection and control of the Colorado potato beetle. As a consequence of the inability to germinate at high temperatures, B. bassiana would not be expected to effectively control pest insects in climates with hot summers. This fungus, however, may be suitable for insect control in early spring or in cool temperature climates during the growing season.

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Biever, K. D., and R. L. Chauvin. "PROLONGED DORMANCY IN A PACIFIC NORTHWEST POPULATION OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (SAY) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 122, no. 1 (February 1990): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent122175-1.

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The Colorado potato beetle is a major worldwide pest of potato and several other solanaceous plants. Insecticidal resistance is a serious problem in the northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States and a developing problem in other potato production areas of the United States and Canada (Forgash 1985; Johnson and Sandvol 1986; Boiteau et al. 1987). In the northwestern United States, insecticides applied to control the green peach aphid also control Colorado potato beetle, but these insecticides are likely to become ineffective due to the development of resistance or unavailable because of restricted use and environmental concerns. Biologically based management strategies are needed to reduce dependency on insecticides; these strategies require new basic knowledge including understanding prolonged diapause in populations of the Colorado potato beetle. Krysan et al. (1986) established that the occurrence of prolonged or repeated diapause can influence management strategies for insects, especially with respect to crop rotation.

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Boiteau, G., G. C. C. Tai, and M. E. Drew. "Genetics and biological fitness of a beige elytral mutant of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-043.

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A beige elytral mutant of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), has been isolated for the first time. The inheritance of the beige mutation is controlled by two dominant genes, both of which are required for the expression of the color. The mutation could be maintained at a low rate in the wild population by the presence of one of the two genes. The lower biological fitness of the beige mutant, characterized by a longer mean total development time and lower fertility, is demonstrated. The data suggest that the melanization of markings on different areas of the body of the Colorado potato beetle are under the control of different genes. This study suggests that the previous presumption that other elytral anomalies were nongenetic in origin may be in question.

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Clark, M. Sean, and Stuart H. Gage. "Effects of free-range chickens and geese on insect pests and weeds in an agroecosystem." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 11, no. 1 (March 1996): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300006718.

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AbstractWe evaluated the effects of free-range chickens and geese on insect pests and weeds in an experimental, nonchemical agroecosystem consisting of an apple orchard with intercropped potatoes. The objective was to assess the potential of these domestic bird species as biological control agents. Four insect pests were studied: plum curculio, apple maggot, Japanese beetle, and Colorado potato beetle. Chickens fed on several potential crop pests, including Japanese beetle. Although Japanese beetles were less abundant on apple trees when chickens were present, the proportion of damaged fruit was not reduced. Furthermore, chickens did not affect weed abundance or crop productivity. In contrast, geese were effective weeders. Their activities reduced weed abundance and increased potato plant growth and yields compared with a minimally weeded control. In addition, the activities of geese indirectly reduced apple fruit damage by plum curculio and increased the proportion of pest-free fruit, possibly because removal of vegetation by the geese reduced humidity at the soil surface and therefore reduced the activity of plum curculio.

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Hackett, Kevin J., Roberta B. Henegar, Robert F. Whitcomb, Dwight E. Lynn, Meghnad Konai, Robert F. Schroder, Gail E. Gasparich, James L. Vaughn, and William W. Cantelo. "Distribution and biological control significance of Colorado potato beetle spiroplasmas in North America." Biological Control 2, no. 3 (August 1992): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1049-9644(92)90062-i.

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Maslennikova, Vladislava, Vera Tsvetkova, Andrey Petrov, Rinat Galeev, Maxim Shulga, Natalia Gavrilets, Sergey Ryumkin, et al. "Influence of the Multifunctional Biological Product Phytop 26.82 on the Growth and Development of Seed Potatoes." International Journal of Agronomy 2021 (April 1, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8879626.

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The study aimed to test a multifunctional technology for potatoes’ biological protection using Phytop 26.82 against black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) and Colorado potato beetle in Western Siberia. The experiment was conducted with the medium-maturing variety “Kemerovchanin.” The product tested was Phytop 26.82. The research methodology was carried out both in laboratory conditions and in the field. In the laboratory, the biological product was used on potato leaves and Colorado potato beetle larvae. The authors revealed the degree of influence of the natural effect Phytop 26.82 on the Colorado potato beetle’s larvae of different ages. The larvae were counted on the 5th, 7th, and 10th days of the experiment. In the field, the authors also revealed the level of the immunogenic effect of the bioagent Phytop 26.82 on the Rhizoctonia stem canker (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn). The morphological parameters of the Kemerovchanin potato variety were observed during the course of this study. The results of the study showed that the microbial mixture Phytop 26.82 made it possible to increase the biomass of plants by 1.5–1.8 times due to an increase in the length of the aerial part (by 10%), the number of stems (1.2–1.7 times), and the number of stolons (1.5–1.6 times) compared to control. Under the bioagent, Phytop 26.82, Rhizoctonia stem canker on the stems decreased by 45% overall counting weeks. The effectiveness of the bioagent Phytop 26.82 reached 100% in two aspects. One of them was the effectiveness of a biological product in the Colorado potato beetle’s obliteration (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). The second direction of significance was the fight against the black scurf. The use of a mixture of bioagents of the Phytop 26.82 preparation can simultaneously have an insecticidal, fungicidal, and growth-stimulating effect on potatoes.

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Almady, Saad, and Mohamed Khelifi. "Design and Preliminary Testing of a Pneumatic Prototype Machine to Control the Colorado Potato Beetle." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 4 (2021): 645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14445.

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Highlights A pneumatic prototype machine to control the Colorado potato beetle (CPBs) was successfully designed, built, and tested in a potato field under real conditions. The pneumatic prototype machine is effective in dislodging CPB larvae from potato plants. ABSTRACT . The Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is a real threat to potato crops when left uncontrolled. This insect pest is hard to control because it develops resistance to most chemical insecticides. To date, several alternatives including chemical, biological, and physical methods have been used to control CPB populations but have proven to be ineffective on their own. So far, the most reliable method at short and medium scales has been the use of chemicals, i.e., spraying insecticides onto potato plants at regular intervals throughout the life cycle of the CPB. However, the overuse of chemicals due to the resistance developed by the CPB can lead to serious health and environmental problems. The use of a pneumatic method to control the CPB seems to be a viable alternative compared to the use of chemicals. For this purpose, this research focused on engineering a pneumatic control device that could allow farmers to reduce their reliance on chemical insecticides. A pneumatic prototype machine using positive air pressure to dislodge CPBs from potato plant foliage was designed and built at the Department of Soils and Agri-Food Engineering of Université Laval. This prototype was tested in the field using three airflow velocities (31, 35, and 38 m/s) and two travel speeds (5 and 6 km/h). The results indicated that the airflow velocity and travel speed have no significant impact on dislodging the CPB (p = 0.0548 and 0.7033, respectively). However, the interaction between airflow velocities and the development stages of the CPB had a significant effect on dislodging the CPB (p = 0.0194). Overall, the most adequate airflow velocity that resulted in removing most of the CPB larvae from potato leaves was 35 m/s. Obtained results indicate that this pneumatic prototype machine could be efficiently used to control the CPB. However, extensive testing is required to confirm obtained results and investigate the effects of the pneumatic control on both the potato plant growth and the yield compared to other control means. Keywords: Airflow velocity, Colorado potato beetle, Pneumatic control, Potato, Travel speed.

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Lachance, Simon, and Conrad Cloutier. "Dispersal of Perillus bioculatus, a Stinkbug Predator of the Colorado Potato Beetle." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 829C—829. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.829c.

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Predators and parasitoids used for biological control must possess good dispersal potential in order to ensure spatially uniform and cost-effective control. The rate of dispersal of Perillus bioculatus (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a predator of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), was measured following central release in 0.025-ha potato plots. Factors influencing predator dispersal were also studied under controlled conditions in plant growth chambers. Temperature, predator size as affected by instar, and physiological age with respect to the completion of feeding during the intermolt stage were found to be significant factors. Predator density was also evaluated because of the strong tendency for this species to aggregate, thereby influencing dispersal. Results can be used to develop predictive models for inundative releases of P. bioculatus.

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Kepenekci, İlker, Turgut Atay, and Mustafa Alkan. "Biological control potential of Turkish entomopathogenic nematodes against the Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata." Biocontrol Science and Technology 26, no. 1 (October 26, 2015): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2015.1079810.

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Noetzle, David, and Jennifer Miller. "Control of Resistant Colorado Potato Beetle in Early Market Potato, Big Lake, Mn, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.115.

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Abstract Continued failure of most insecticides for control of CPB in the Anoka Sand Plains growing area stimulated further comparisons of biologicals, inorganics, and synthetic materials for CPB management. Soils are sands at this location. Plots were established in an irrigated commercial potato field. The individual plot consisted of 4—25 ft rows with a row width of 3 ft. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and were replicated 4 times. The grower treated all of the field, including the plots, with Thiodan and Asana XL at 1.0 lb and 0.5 lb Al/acre respectively on 8 Jul and 16 Jul. Plot treatments were applied on 25 Jun, 6 and 19 Jul using a CO2 hand sprayer with about 20 gals total material/acre and 40 psi pressure. Larval ratings and defoliation estimates were taken on 6 and 19 Jul. Vines were killed on 3 Aug and yields collected on 18 Aug. The center 2 rows of each plot were harvested for yield.

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Belov, Grigoriy Leonidovich, Vladimir Nikolaevich Zeyruk, Vladimir Anatolyevich Barkov, Marina Konstantinovna Derevyagina, and Svetlana Viktorovna Vasilieva. "New protectants for potato protection." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i12pp4-7.

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In field experiments in the conditions of sod-podzolic sandy loam soils of the Moscow region, protectants were tested. Before planting potatoes, tubers were treated with a new two-component insectofungicide AVG – 0190 (Idikum, SC, iprodion, 133 g/l + Imidacloprid, 100 g/l + diphenoconazole, 6.7 g/l)-1.0 – 1.5 l/t and a mixture of the fungicide Syncler, SC (75 g/l fludioxonyl) and the insecticide Tabu Super, SC (Imidacloprid, 400 g/l and fipronil, 100 g/l)-0.2-0.3 l/t. According to the results of three-year tests, it was found that the etching of potato tubers before planting does not have a negative impact on the germination and biometric indicators of growth and development of potatoes. Their use helped to reduce the development and spread of rhizoctoniosis and provided almost complete protection of potatoes from the first generation of the Colorado beetle – during the mass appearance of older larvae and during the beginning of the departure of larvae for pupation. Biological efficacy against Rhizoctonia amounted to 58.8-66,3%, the Colorado potato beetle – 93,7 95.5 per cent. The use of new potato tuber protectants allowed to increase the gross yield by 6.2-7.1 t / ha or 30.9-35.3% compared to the control. Treatment of seed tubers with protectants helped to obtain a crop free from rhizoctoniosis and increase the yield of standard healthy potatoes by 57.7

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Osman, M. A. M. "Biological efficacy of some biorational and conventional insecticides in the control of different stages of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." Plant Protection Science 46, No. 3 (August 25, 2010): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/27/2009-pps.

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The biological efficacy of some biorational and conventional insecticides against different stages of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was evaluated under laboratory and semi-field conditions. Seven different commercial products were tested, including the biorational insecticides: Spinosad, Mectin, Fitoverm, Match, Neemix in addition to two conventional insecticides: Actara and Actellic. Data indicated that all tested insecticides showed low toxic effects to L. decemlineata eggs, but most hatching neonates died shortly after hatching. All tested insecticides at their field rates showed high toxicity to larvae of L. decemlineata. The highest mortality was obtained in earlier instars, as compared to older ones, and mortality increased with the time of exposure. Moreover, the lower concentrations (up to 25% of the field rate) of Actara, Mectin, Spinosad, and Fitoverm showed high efficacy against L. decemlineata third instar larvae. Also, Actara caused the highest mortality in L. decemlineata adults, followed by Spinosad, Mectin, and Fitoverm as compared to Actellic, Match, and Neemix. In pupal bioassay, Fitoverm caused the greatest reduction in L. decemlineata adult emergence followed by Mectin, Actara, Actellic and Spinosad. In translocation bioassays, Actara caused the highest mortality in L. decemlineata 3<sup>rd</sup> instar larvae or adults followed by Spinosad and Mectin. The residual activity of tested insecticides against third instar larvae was also evaluated. Actara, Spinosad, and Mectin were more persistent under field conditions, consequently the mortality rates after 30 days of application were 46.67%, 44.44%, and 35.56%, respectively.

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Trdan, S., M. Vidrih, L. Andjus, and Ž. Laznik. "Activity of four entomopathogenic nematode species against different developmental stages of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)." Helminthologia 46, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-009-0003-1.

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AbstractFour entomopathogenic nematode species (Steinernema feltiae, S. carpocapsae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and H. megidis) were tested in a laboratory bioassay for the efficacy of these pathogens in controlling the larvae and adults of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. The main aim of the study was to develop an efficient sustainable control method against the pest. With this we could develop a strategy of potato production with the intention of diminishing or even preventing the appearance of pest resistance to insecticides. The activity of these biological agents was assessed at three different temperatures (15, 20, and 25 °C) and three concentrations (200, 1000, and 2000 infective juveniles per individual). Mortality of three stages (young and old larvae and adults) was determined 2, 4, and 7 days after treatment. At 15 °C entomopathogenic nematodes showed the lowest efficacy against all insect stages. No significant differences in efficacy was determined at 20 and 25 °C as all nematodes caused prompt death of all stages. At all temperatures young larvae were most susceptible. However, when controlling overwintered adults for the purpose of preventing the mass appearance of Colorado potato beetle, we recommend an application of higher concentrations of S. feltiae suspension.

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Todorova, S. I., D. Coderre, and J. C. Côté. "Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana isolates toward Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae], Myzus persicae [Homoptera : Aphididae] and their predator Coleomegilla maculata lengi [Coleoptera : Coccinellidae]." Phytoprotection 81, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706196ar.

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Ten isolates of Beauveria bassiana from different sources and geographical sites were evaluated under laboratory conditions at a concentration of 107 conidia ml-1 for their pathogenicity against two insect pests, the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) and the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), and their predator, the spotted ladybird beetle (Coleomegilla maculata lengi). Six isolates were highly virulent to all three insect species. Four others showed different degrees of specificity. The isolates 49, 233 and 210087 were the most interesting for their potential development as biological control agents because they were highly virulent for the two insect pests and caused low mortality in the coccinellid.

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Tipping, Philip W., Carol A. Holko, Aref A. Abdul-Baki, and Jeffrey R. Aldrich. "Evaluating Edovum puttleri Grissell and Podisus maculiventris (Say) for Augmentative Biological Control of Colorado Potato Beetle in Tomatoes." Biological Control 16, no. 1 (September 1999): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bcon.1999.0738.

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Kadoić Balaško, Martina, Katarina M. Mikac, Renata Bažok, and Darija Lemic. "Modern Techniques in Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) Control and Resistance Management: History Review and Future Perspectives." Insects 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090581.

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Colorado potato beetle, CPB (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), is one of the most important pests of the potato globally. Larvae and adults can cause complete defoliation of potato plant leaves and can lead to a large yield loss. The insect has been successfully suppressed by insecticides; however, over time, has developed resistance to insecticides from various chemical groups, and its once successful control has diminished. The number of available active chemical control substances is decreasing with the process of testing, and registering new products on the market are time-consuming and expensive, with the possibility of resistance ever present. All of these concerns have led to the search for new methods to control CPB and efficient tools to assist with the detection of resistant variants and monitoring of resistant populations. Current strategies that may aid in slowing resistance include gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi, besides providing an efficient tool for gene functional studies, represents a safe, efficient, and eco-friendly strategy for CPB control. Genetically modified (GM) crops that produce the toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have many advantages over agro-technical, mechanical, biological, and chemical measures. However, pest resistance that may occur and public acceptance of GM modified food crops are the main problems associated with Bt crops. Recent developments in the speed, cost, and accuracy of next generation sequencing are revolutionizing the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and field of population genomics. There is a need for effective resistance monitoring programs that are capable of the early detection of resistance and successful implementation of integrated resistance management (IRM). The main focus of this review is on new technologies for CPB control (RNAi) and tools (SNPs) for detection of resistant CPB populations.

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Belov, Grigoriy Leonidovich, Vladimir Nikolaevich Zeyruk, Marina Konstantinovna Derevyagina, Svetlana Victorovna Vasilieva, Maxim Konstantinovich Danilenkov, and Aleksander Anatolyevich Koblov. "Potato protection system with preparations of the company “Agrorus & Co.”." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 5 (May 26, 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i5pp9-14.

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The results of tests of the potato protection system with chemical preparations of the company “Agrorus & Co” in the conditions of the Moscow region on Favorit and Sante varieties are presented. The results of the tests showed that the use of herbicides reduced the number of perennial weeds by 87,3% and annual weeds by 91,4 %. The prevalence of alternariasis on the date of the last accounting relative to the control (78,8%) decreased by 1,7 times, and the degree of development by 2,7 times, late blight – on the susceptible variety of the tops of Santa almost twice, and the degree of development by 3,4 times. The biological effectiveness against the Colorado beetle of preparations for pre-planting treatment was 96,9-100,0%, and for preparations during the growing season – 99,5-100,0%. The increase in gross and commercial yield on the Favorite variety was 56,3% and 58,2%, respectively, on the Santa variety – 31,4% and 32,8% compared to the control.

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Tolman, J. H., R. A. Chapman, P. Moy, and K. V. Henning. "Persistence of Early-Season Treatments for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say), Attacking Field Tomato." Journal of Vegetable Crop Production 6, no. 1 (July 10, 2000): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j068v06n01_02.

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Cloutier, Conrad, and France Bauduin. "BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN QUEBEC BY AUGMENTATIVE RELEASES OF THE TWO-SPOTTED STINKBUG PERILLUS BIOCULATUS (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 127, no. 2 (April 1995): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent127195-2.

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AbstractField plot tests during two seasons show that augmentative releases of Perillus bioculatus can control first-generation eggs and larvae of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) under Quebec short-season conditions. Stinkbugs mass-reared on CPB were introduced manually as 2nd- and 3rd-stage nymphs during spring oviposition of the beetle at densities of one nymph per 50–225 CPB eggs recruited per plant, in 0.025-ha plots. Sampling at intervals of 1–3 days measured predator establishment, CPB egg and larval mortality, and foliage protection level. Direct observations were used to document predator-prey relationships and to determine weather conditions favourable to P. bioculatus.In the 1 st-year test, with predators released over all plants within plots, CPB control was compared among: (1) stinkbugs alone, (2) the bioinsecticide Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) as Trident™, (3) a combination of both control alternatives, and (4) no protection against the CPB. BT and stinkbugs, both alone and in combination, produced significant control as measured by percentage reductions in prepupal drop to the ground, new adult emergence, and foliage protection. Only treatments involving P. bioculatus reduced CPB egg eclosion which was the key control factor; it is strongly correlated with overall control level.In the 2nd-year test, predators were released in a central area comprising only 25% of all plants within plots. Predator and CPB egg mass densities were manipulated to produce predator: prey ratios of 0:1, 0:2, 1.5:2, 1.5:1, 3:2, and 3:1, representing average ratios of 0, 1.5,or 3 P. bioculatus per plant, and 1 or 2 CPB egg masses per plant at release time. As expected, central release produced complex interactions between control, and predator and prey densities. High beetle density slowed predator emigration from the centre, more so at low predator density than at high predator density. Predators moved more quickly within the same row than across rows. CPB eggs were destroyed in large numbers in both years but in 1993, final control correlated with larval rather than egg predation. A maximum 80% reduction in prepupal drop to the ground was obtained at the 3:1 predator:prey ratio (1 P. bioculatus:95 CPB eggs recruited per plant).The results prove the efficacy of P. bioculatus for biological control of first-generation L. decemlineata populations, at densities resulting in approximately 300 eggs laid per plant during spring oviposition in the study area. Despite low natural populations of P. bioculatus and unclear prospects for commercial availability at reasonable cost, it is evident that stinkbug releases have potential as a non-chemical control measure within an IPM program in Quebec potato production.

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Zehnder, G. W., and J. Speese. "Evaluation of Various Spray Nozzle and Volume Combinations for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with Synthetic and Biological Insecticides." Journal of Economic Entomology 84, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 1842–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/84.6.1842.

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Lorite, Pedro, M. Isabel Torres, and Teresa Palomeque. "Characterization of two unrelated satellite DNA families in the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 103, no. 5 (March 1, 2013): 538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485313000060.

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AbstractThe Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, family Chrysomelidae), a phytophagous insect, which feeds preferably on potatoes, constitutes a serious pest of this crop and causes extensive damage to tomatoes and eggplants. It has a remarkable ability to develop resistance quickly against insecticides and shows a diversified and flexible life history. Consequently, the control of this pest has become difficult, requiring the development of new alternative biotechnology-based strategies. Such strategies require a thorough knowledge of the beetle's genome, including the repetitive DNA. Satellite DNA (stDNA), composed of long arrays of tandemly arranged repeat units, constitutes the major component of heterochromatin and is located mainly in centromeric and telomeric chromosomal regions. We have studied two different unrelated satellite-DNA families of which the consensus sequences were 295 and 109 bp in length, named LEDE-I and LEDE-II, respectively. Both were AT-rich (70.8% and 71.6%, respectively). Predictive models of sequence-dependent DNA bending and the study of electrophoretic mobility on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels have shown that the DNA was curved in both satellite-DNA families. Among other features, the chromosome localization of both stDNAs has been studied. In situ hybridization performed on meiotic and mitotic nuclei showed chromosomes, including the X chromosome, with zero, one, or two stDNAs. In recent years, it has been proposed that the repetitive DNA may play a key role in biological diversification processes. This is the first molecular and cytogenetic study conducted on L. decemlineata repetitive DNA and specifically on stDNA, which is one of the important constituents of eukaryotic genomes.

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Castrillo, Louela A., Richard E. Lee, Marcia R. Lee, and Steven T. Rutherford. "Identification of Ice-Nucleating ActivePseudomonas fluorescensStrains for Biological Control of Overwintering Colorado Potato Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 93, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-93.2.226.

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Greenstone, Matthew H., Zsofia Szendrei, Mark E. Payton, Daniel L. Rowley, Thomas C. Coudron, and Donald C. Weber. "Choosing natural enemies for conservation biological control: use of the prey detectability half-life to rank key predators of Colorado potato beetle." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 136, no. 1 (June 10, 2010): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2010.01006.x.

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Carrasco, L. R., R. Baker, A. MacLeod, J. D. Knight, and J. D. Mumford. "Optimal and robust control of invasive alien species spreading in homogeneous landscapes." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 7, no. 44 (September 9, 2009): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2009.0266.

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Government agencies lack robust modelling tools to manage the spread of invasive alien species (IAS). In this paper, we combine optimal control and simulation methods with biological invasion spread theory to estimate the type of optimal policy and switching point of control efforts against a spreading IAS. We employ information-gap (info-gap) theory to assess how the optimal solutions differ from a policy that is most robustly immune to unacceptable outcomes. The model is applied to the potential invasion of the Colorado potato beetle in the UK. Under no uncertainty, we demonstrate that for many of the parameter combinations the optimal control policy corresponds to slowing down the invasion. The info-gap analysis shows that eradication policies identified as optimal under no uncertainty are robustly the best policies even under severe uncertainty, i.e. even if they are likely to turn into slowing down policies. We also show that the control of satellite colonies, if identified as optimal under no uncertainty, will also be a robust slowing down policy for IAS that can spread by long distance dispersal even for relatively ineffective control measures. The results suggest that agencies adopt management strategies that are robustly optimal, despite the severe uncertainties they face.

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Cañas, Luis A., Robert J. O'Neil, and Timothy J. Gibb. "Population ecology of Leptinotarsa undecimlineata Stål (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): population dynamics, mortality factors, and potential natural enemies for biological control of the Colorado potato beetle." Biological Control 24, no. 1 (May 2002): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1049-9644(02)00005-1.

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Бутов, Алексей, Alexey Butov, Анна Мандрова, and Anna Mandrova. "Potato ecological quality in the biologization of high-intensity technologies of its cultivation and irrigation." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 48, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2018-2-170-177.

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To reduce the accumulation of toxic substances in tubers in 2014–2016 the author studied biological methods of fertilizers application and plant protection in black earth forest-steppe region under the conditions of high-intensity potato cultivation technology along with drip irrigation. The introduction describes the importance of potato in the diet of population and lists the environmental issues that arise as a result of enhanced using of chemicals during crop cultivation. The doses of mineral fertilizers in experiments were introduced separately and in combination with a bioameliorant: 1) without fertilizers (control site); 2) N60P90K60; 3) N90P135K90; 4) N120P180K120; 5) biological ameliorant – white mustard, post-harvest green manure; 6) bioameliorant + N60P90K60; 7) bioameliorant + N90P135K90; 8) bioameliorant + N120P180K120. Chemical insecticide Aktara and biological preparations Fitoverm, Akarin were used to protect potatoes against Colorado potato beetles. Insecto-fungicide Celest was used to treat seed tubers against fungal diseases. During growing season the author used fungicides Profit Gold, Ridomil Gold against fungal diseases, against weeds – Zenkor and Remus. High yield of potato environmentally friendly considering nitrates was obtained by means of simultaneous application of N90P135K90 and white mustard green mass. Tuber yield was 40.4 tonnes per hectare compared to 22.7 tonnes per hectare on the control site, and nitrate content was 111.3 mg while maximum permissible concentration (MPC) is 250 mg/kg. According to MPC established in the Russian Federation, for childrenʼs and dietary nutrition fertilizer dose should not exceed N60P90K60 in combination with a bioameliorant and a biological plant protection system. Safety interval (period between plant treatment and harvesting) for chemical insecticides is 35–40 days; fungicides – 20 days; herbicides (depending on their type) – 55–70 days. The production of ecologically clean potato according to EU standards was achieved only by means of using post-harvest green manure as a fertilizer, applying biological insecticides and Celest preparation within the framework of protecting plants against pests and diseases.

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Poliakovskyi, V. M., V. M. Mykhalska, L. V. Shevchenko, and М. S. Gruntkovskyi. "Biological features of guests and requirements for their containment." Sučasne ptahìvnictvo, no. 11-12 (December 23, 2020): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/poultry2020.11-12.022.

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This article reveals the biological features of guinea fowl and methods of keeping them. Guinea fowl are raised and bred to produce dietary meat, high-quality eggs, and to control pests of crops: snails, insects, including the Colorado potato beetle. The main direction of growing guinea fowl is meat, in terms of meat yield guinea fowl are not inferior to chickens. The taste of guinea fowl resembles game, but it is more tender, juicy and not fibrous. Guinea fowl have a horizontally placed oval body, short neck, large head with a strong growth in the crest, short, lowered tail. Guinea fowl are unpretentious, easily acclimatized to any natural and climatic conditions. The disadvantages of this species of bird include a poorly developed hatching instinct and aggression during capture. With age, the aggression of guinea fowl increases. This bird is also known to make unpleasant shrill sounds, which is why they are sometimes refused to breed. When keeping guinea fowl, it should be borne in mind that domestic guinea fowl inherited from the wild the ability to fly well. They are mobile, timid, reluctant to go to the nest and often lay eggs in hidden, cozy places. After isolating males from the herd, females are able to lay fertilized eggs for more than 10 days. This species of birds is quite well acclimatized and shows a fairly high egg productivity in different methods of cultivation. There are several ways to keep guinea fowl. The most common walking method, which involves keeping guinea fowl during the day on pasture, and at night — indoors. Keeping on the floor (on deep litter) is used when it is not possible to give the bird exercise. The cage method allows to increase the efficiency of production area, reduce feed costs by 15%, to mechanize the care and maintenance of poultry houses.

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Schroder, R. F. W., and M. M. Athanas. "Use of the egg parasiteEdovum puttleri [Hym.: Eulophidae] in an IPM system developed for Colorado potato beetle [Col.: Chrysomelidae] control on potatoes, Beltsville, Maryland." Entomophaga 34, no. 2 (June 1989): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02372668.

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Kolarik, Paul, E. Grafius, B. Bishop, N. Nelson, H. Hoffman, A. Ayotte, K. Miller, and J. Patrick. "Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1997." Arthropod Management Tests 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/23.1.124.

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Hoy, Casey W., and Michael J. Dunlap. "Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.110.

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Abstract ‘Gemchip’ potatoes were planted 26 May at the Fry Farm, OARDC, Wooster, OH. Plant spacing was 36 inches between rows and 9 inches between plants. Three Admire 2F seed piece treatments were applied at planting using a CO2 compression sprayer at 40 psi with an 8004 flat fan nozzle delivering the insecticide into the seed furrow. The field was treated on 16 Jun with 0.75 lb/ acre of Sencor DF. Fungicide, Dithane at 2.0 lb/acre, was applied 9 Aug. Paraquat, 1 pt/acre, was applied 7 Sep as a vine killer. Plots were two rows wide and 40 ft in length, with 10 ft alleys separating plots and 6 ft alleys separating blocks. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Foliar treatments were initiated when the first generation larvae were increasing in the plots in early Jul. Foliar applications were made 3 and 12 Jul and 3 and 12 Aug. The Trigard single application treatment was applied only on 3 Jul and 3 Aug. Foliar treatments were applied with a tractor mounted drop nozzle boom sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 50 psi with three D-4 hollow cone nozzles/row. Bond spreader sticker was added at 4 oz/ 100 gal solution to all rates of the following insecticides: Prokill Cryolite 96, AC303,630, M-Trak, and Novodor. Number of eggs, small larvae (instar 1-2), large larvae (instar 3-4), and adults were counted, and percent defoliation was visually estimated, in five 1-m lengths of row per plot approximately five days after each application.

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Sirota, J. M., E. Grafius, M. Bommarito, E. Eliason, and B. Scriber. "Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.123.

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Hoy, Casey W., and Michael J. Dunlap. "Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.112.

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Abstract ‘Gemchip’ potatoes were planted 12 May at the Fry Farm, OARDC, Wooster, OH. Plani spacing was 36 inches between rows and 9 inches between plants. Fertilizer was applied at planting (1750 lb/acre 10-20-20). The field was treated on 7 Jun with 0.75 lb/acre of Sencor DF. Fungicide, Dithane at 2.0 lb/acre, was applied at 12, 19, 26 Jul, 3, 18, 26 Aug, 2 Sep, and Penncozeb at 2.0 Vol acre was applied 10 Aug. Paraquat, 1 pt/acre, was applied 8 and 21 Sep as a vine killer. Plots were two rows wide and 50 ft in length, with 12 ft alleys separating plots and 6 ft alleys separating blocks. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Foliar treatments were initiated when the first generation larvae were increasing in the plots and defoliation averaged between 21 and 25.25%. Foliar applications were applied 22 Jun, 1, 12, 19 Jul, and 10 Aug with a tractor mounted drop nozzle boom sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 50 psi with three D-4 hollow cone nozzles/row. Number of eggs, small (instar 1-2), large (instar 3-4) larvae, and adults were counted and percent defoliation was visually estimated in five 1-m lengths of row per plot weekly. Leafhopper nymphs and aphids were sampled by visually inspecting 5 compound leaves per plot on and after 6 Jul.

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Kearns, K., E. Grafius, M. Bommarito, C. Brunt, J. Ferrigan, L. Haas, and B. Scriber. "Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.113.

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Abstract ‘Snowdon’ variety potatoes were used to test nineteen insecticides for control of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) at the MSU Montcalm Research Farm in Entrican, MI. Potatoes were planted 12 inches apart with a 34 inch row spacing on 4 May. Plots were 40 feet long by three rows wide and arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Plots were separated by at least 5 feet of bare ground. Fosthiazate in-furrow treatments were incorporated into the soil through rototill on 3 May. An Admire treatment was applied in furrow on the potato seed with a CO2 backpack sprayer (8005 flat fan single nozzle, 30 psi) on 4 May. Foliar treatment applications were applied on 16, 23 Jun, 1 and 7 Jul using a tractor-mounted sprayer (30 gal/acre, 40 psi). Preplant Fosthiazate treated plots also received foliar treatments of Asana and piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Rain occurred on 24 Jun and 7 Jul within hours after spraying. Insecticide effectiveness was determined through postspray counts for all stages of CPB (small larvae = 1 st and 2nd instar, large larvae = 3rd and 4th instar) by searching two randomly selected plants from the middle row of each plot on 21, 28 Jun, 5 and 12 Jul. Plots were assessed for percent defoliation on 28 Jun, 5, 8 and 12 Jul. Plots were sprayed 13 Jul with Imidan and PBO (except for two of the Agrimek plots) to control summer adults emerging from poor treatments and migrating toward other research plots. All plots were sprayed for the same reason with Agrimek on 23 Jul and 11 Aug. Potatoes in the middle row of each plot were harvested on 2 Sept. Potatoes were separated by size.

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McEnhill, E., E. Grafius, J. Sirota, C. Brunt, J. Ferrigan, P. Garvin, L. Haas, and J. Ricci. "Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1995." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.144.

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Abstract Fifteen insecticide treatments were tested at the MSU Montcalm Research Farm, in Entrican, MI, for their control of Colorado potato beetles (CPB). ‘Snowden’ potatoes were planted 12 inches apart with a 34 inch row spacing on 10 May. Treatments were replicated four times and assigned to plots in a RCB design. The plots measured 40 feet long and were three rows wide. There were at least two rows of bare ground between plots and five feet of untreated potatoes between plots in the same rows. The Admire and Mocap treatments were applied in furrow at planting. The first foliar treatment was applied, at 25% CPB hatch, on 18 June using a tractor-mounted sprayer (30 gal/acre, 40 psi). Subsequent first generation sprays were applied on 29 June and 7 July. Light rain occurred on 7 July before the insecticides had a chance to dry. Insecticide effectiveness was determined by counting the various stages of CPB on two randomly chosen plants from the middle row of each plot. Counts were done on 12 and 23 Jun and 3 and 12 July. Second generation methods were the same as for the first generation with sprays occuring on 19 July, 26 July and 2 Aug and counts on 18, 24 and 31 Jul. All plots other than the two Trigard treatments were sprayed with a maintenance spray of Imidan and PBO. Each plot was assessed for percent defoliation on 3 July and 9 August. The middle row of potatoes from each plot was harvested on 22 August, separated by size and weighed.

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Abbott, J. D., and L. T. Thetford. "COLORADO POTATO BEETLE CONTROL WITH CYROMAZINE." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 628e—628. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.628e.

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Cyromazine is a triazine molecule with insect growth regulator properties being developed for control of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) (CPB) in vegetables. Research presented focuses primarily on results with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), however, crop safety has been observed in other crops within the Solanaceae. Several trials were conducted in PA and NY during 1991 to examine the rates and timing necessary to control CPB in potatoes. Data from replicated small plot trials and non-replicated large block trials are included. Rates examined ranged 70 to 560 g ai na-1 applied alone or in combination with a pyrethroid or Bt. Comparisons were made with insecticides presently registered for CPB control in potatoes and cyromazine compared quite favorably. Two applications per CPB generation were made, the first at the beginning of CPB egg hatch and a second 7-16 days later for each generation. This application schedule provided excellent (90%) control of CPB larvae. The reduction in larvae also resulted in a reduction in adult CPB and potato leaf area damaged through insect feeding. In the test conducted in PA, an increase in size and number of tubers was observed when plants were treated with cyromazine. -These increases resulted in a 23-28% increase in total yield compared to that obtained from the untreated check plots.

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Longtine, Craig A., David W. Ragsdale, and Edward B. Radcliffe. "Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1997A." Arthropod Management Tests 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/23.1.127a.

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Abstract This trial was located in a non-irrigated commercial potato field near Hollandale in southern Minnesota. Plots consisted of a single treatment row 25 ft in length bordered on each side by two untreated guard rows. Plant spacing was 36 inches between rows and 12 inches between plants within rows. Treatments were replicated four times in a completely randomized design. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer fitted with a single Teejet 8003-E flat-fan nozzle delivering 40 gpa/acre at 35 psi. All treatments were applied on 2 Jul. Spraying conditions were windy, but winds were constant. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of early instars (first and second) and late instars (third and fourth) were made on every plant in each plot on 3 Jul. The data were subjected to analyses of variance following log10(x +1) transformation.

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Longtine, Craig A., Edward B. Radcliffe, and David W. Ragsdale. "Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1997B." Arthropod Management Tests 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/23.1.128.

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Abstract Potatoes were planted 20 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experi-ment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots consisted of a single treatment row 30 feet in length with 10 feet of untreated potatoes between plots within rows. Plant spacing was 36 inches between rows and 12 inches between plants within rows. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Treated rows were separated by one row of untreated potatoes. Admire 2F was applied over the top of the potato pieces just before the furrows were covered. Foliar applications were made on 15 Jul with a CO2-pressurized sprayer fitted with a Teejet 8003-E flat-fan nozzle delivering 40 gpa at 35 psi. CPB population densities were determined by counting larvae on every plant in each plot on 16 Jul. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of early instars (first and second) or late instars (third and fourth) were recorded. Analyses of variance was performed on data after log10(x +1) transformation.

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Longtine, Craig A., Edward B. Radcliffe, and David W. Ragsdale. "Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1996A." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.154a.

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Longtine, Craig A., David W. Ragsdale, and Edward B. Radcliffe. "Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1996B." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.155.

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Longtine, Craig A., Robert A. Suranyi, Edward B. Radcliffe, and David W. Ragsdale. "Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1996C." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.156.

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Buzza, Aaron M., and Andrei Alyokhin. "Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on Potato, 2015." Arthropod Management Tests 41, no. 1 (2016): tsw085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsw085.

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Sewell, Gary H., and Richard H. Storch. "Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.122.

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Sewell, Gary H., and Richard H. Storch. "Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.119a.

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Abstract The experiments were randomized complete block designs with six replicates each. The four experiments were planted 23 and 24 May at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1993. The 3.0 m space between blocks and the 1.8 m space between the four-row plots were bare soil. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy whole seed (ca. 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Early and late blight were controlled by eight foliar applications of chlorothalonil. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, three nozzles per row at 6.3 kg/cm2 pressure and 0.94 k liter/ha. Numbers of larvae and adults were counted weekly on 25 whole plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, beetle counts were made prior to application of insecticides. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of data using log10(x + 1). Transformed means of the sum of larvae and adult beetles were compared using Fisher’s LSD Test and then applied to the actual means. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 10.9, 9.6, and 3.3 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 17.9, 20.3 and 17.7°C.

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Olson, Brian D., and Gary D. Thompson. "Potato, Colorado Potato Beetle Control With Spinosad, 1995." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.154.

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Abstract “Kanona” potatoes were planted 12 May, on 0.9 m row spacing. Each plot consisted of 4 rows of potatoes 9.1 m long surrounded by a 3.7 m wide fallow buffer area. The treatments were replicated 4 times and the plots were arranged in a RCBD. Treatments were applied with a bicycle CO2 sprayer operated at 275 kpa with spray nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. The treatments were applied on 23 Jun (45% egg hatch) and the plants were 45 cm high and 45 cm wide. The trial was designed as a 4 by 3 factorial experiment where spinosad, the first product in the naturalyte class, was applied at 5, 20, 40 and 80 g (AI)/ha in spray volumes of 56, 187 and 748 liters/ha and compared to the untreated. The 56 liters/ha spray was applied using a 800067 flat fan nozzle at 4.8 km/h. The 187 and 748 liters/ ha sprays were applied using a 8002 flat fan nozzle at 4.8 and 1.2 km/h, respectively. On 30 Jun, 7 days after application the total number of CPB larvae was counted on five plants per plot. On 6 Jul, the percent visual defoliation of each plot was rated.

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Sewell, Gary H., and Richard H. Storch. "Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1995." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.158.

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Abstract The experiments were RCB designs with five replicates each The experiments were planted May 15 and 16 at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1994. The 3.0 m space between blocks and the 1.8 m space between the four-row plots were bare soil. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy whole seed (ca 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Early and late blight were controlled by seven foliar applications of mancozeb. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, three nozzles per row at 5.6 kg/cm2 pressure and 0.47 kl/ha. Numbers of larvae and adults were counted weekly on 20 whole plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, beetle counts were made prior to application of insecticides. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of data using log10(x+1). Transformed means of the sum of larvae and adult beetles were compared using Fisher’s LSD Test and then applied to the actual means. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 3.3, 5.8, and 3.8 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 18.8, 22.0 and 18.0 deg. C.

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Suranyi, Robert A., and Edward B. Radcliffe. "Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on Potato, 1995." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.171a.

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Белов, Г. Л., В. Н. Зейрук, М. К. Деревягина, С. В. Васильева, and Н. В. Строева. "Preparations of JSC Shchelkovo Agrochem in the protection of potatoes." Kartofel` i ovoshi, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25630/pav.2021.92.66.004.

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Применение препаратов фирмы АО «Щелково Агрохим» в интегрированной системе защиты картофеля доказало их высокую эффективность. Цель исследований – испытать рекомендуемую систему защиты картофеля химическими препаратами АО «Щелково Агрохим». Исследования проводили в 2019–2020 годах на экспериментальной базе «Коренево» в условиях Московской области на сорте Санте. Почва – дерново-подзолистая супесчаная с содержанием гумуса (по Тюрину) – 1,2–1,9%, подвижного фосфора (по Кирсанову) – 342–346 мг/кг, обменного калия (по Масловой) – 64–68 мг/кг, рНKCl = 4,9–5,0. Расход рабочей жидкости – 10 л/т посадочного материала при протравливании и 300 л/га в период вегетации растений. Предпосадочная обработка клубней баковой смесью фунгицида Кагатник, ВРК и инсектицида Бомбарда, КС позволила снизить процент пораженных ризоктониозом растений на 7,2% по сравнению с контролем (19,1%) и обеспечила практически полную защиту растений картофеля от первой генерации колорадского жука. По результатам испытаний показано, что комплексное использование гербицидов в фазе всходов позволило снизить количество многолетних сорняков через 30 дней после их применения на 90,0% и однолетних – на 94,1%. Обработка растений в период вегетации фунгицидами снизила распространенность альтернариоза на дату последнего учета относительно контроля (58,8%) в 1,9 раза, а степень развития в 3,0 раза. Распространенность фитофтороза в контрольном варианте составила 100,0% и степень развития – 66,2%, а в опытном варианте – 14,3% и 2,7% соответственно. Биологическая эффективность инсектицидов Беретта, МД и Имидор, ВРК составила 91,1–94,5%. Применение комплекса химических средств защиты растений и агрохимикатов АО «Щелково Агрохим» обеспечило получение прибавки валовой и товарной урожайности на 29,2 и 42,5% соответственно по сравнению с контролем (25,0 и 21,4 т/га). Изучаемые препараты обеспечили снижение пораженности клубней болезнями по сравнению с контролем, урожайность стандартного здорового картофеля товарной фракции превысила контроль на 46,1%. The use of presticides made by JSC Shchelkovo Agrochem in the integrated potato protection system has proved their high efficiency. The purpose of the research is to test the recommended system of potato protection with chemical preparations of JSC Shchelkovo Agrochem. The research was carried out in 2019–2020 at the experimental base Korenevo in the conditions of the Moscow region on the variety Santa. The soil is sod-podzolic sandy loam with a content of humus (according to Tyurin) – 1.2–1.9%, mobile phosphorus (according to Kirsanov) – 342–346 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium (according to Maslova) – 64–68 mg/kg, pHKCl = 4.9–5.0. The flow rate of the working fluid is 10 l/t of planting material during etching and 300 l/ha during the growing season of plants. Pre-planting treatment of tubers with a tank mixture of Kagatnik fungicide, VRK and Bombard insecticide, CS allowed to reduce the percentage of plants affected by rhizoctoniosis by 7.2% compared to the control (19.1%) and provided almost complete protection of potato plants from the first generation of the Colorado potato beetle. According to the results of the tests, it was shown that the combined use of herbicides in the germination phase allowed to reduce the number of perennial weeds 30 days after their application by 90.0% and annual – by 94.1%. Treatment of plants during the growing season with fungicides reduced the prevalence of alternariasis at the date of the last accounting relative to the control (58.8%) by 1.9 times, and the degree of development by 3.0 times. The prevalence of late blight in the control version was 100.0% and the degree of development was 66.2%, and in the experimental version – 14.3% and 2.7%, respectively. The biological effectiveness of insecticides Beretta, MD and Imidor, VRK was 91.1–94.5%. The use of a complex of chemical plant protection products and agrochemicals of JSC Shchelkovo Agrochem provided an increase in gross and commercial yield by 29.2% and 42.5%, respectively, compared to the control (25.0 and 21.4 t/ha). The studied preparations provided a reduction in the incidence of tubers with diseases compared to the control, and the yield of standard healthy potatoes of the commodity fraction exceeded the control by 46.1%.

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48

Sewell, Gary H., and Richard H. Storch. "Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on Irish Potato, 1997." Arthropod Management Tests 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/23.1.133.

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49

Altre, J., E. Grafius, J. Sirota, E. Eliason, and B. Scriber. "Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Biorationals, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.108.

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50

Linduska, James J., Marylee Ross, and Nancy McShane. "Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.111.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Colorado potato beetle – Biological control'

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