Journal articles: 'Color Test'

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Chen, Vincent J., and Michael D'Zmura. "Test of a Convergence Model for Color Transparency Perception." Perception 27, no. 5 (May 1998): 595–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p270595.

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Models of color transparency suggest that a region in which colors of surfaces converge in color space will appear transparent. The convergence is described by a transparency parameter a and a target of convergence. To test such models psychophysically, observers were presented a display with four colored areas. The colors of three of the areas were chosen in advance by the experimenter. The task of the observer was to choose the color of the fourth area to make a central region appear transparent. Settings for the fourth color were collected for a total of twenty-four color combinations chosen from three planes in color space. Observers' settings agreed well with the model, which predicts that choices for the fourth color lie along a line segment in color space that is parameterized by a. The results suggest further that color discriminability and color opponency also influence transparency judgment.

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Ingraham, Loring J., Frances Chard, Marcia Wood, and Allan F. Mirsky. "An Hebrew Language Version of the Stroop Test." Perceptual and Motor Skills 67, no. 1 (August 1988): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.67.1.187.

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We present normative data from a Hebrew language version of the Stroop color-word test. In this sample of college-educated Israeli young adults, 18 women and 28 men with a mean age of 28.4 yr. completed a Hebrew language Stroop test. When compared with 1978 English language norms of Golden, Hebrew speakers were slower on color-word reading and color naming, similar on naming the color of incongruently colored names of colors, and showed less interference. Slowed color-word reading and color-naming may reflect the two-syllable length of the Hebrew names for one-syllable length English language colors; reduced interference may reflect the exclusion of vowels in much Hebrew printing and subjects' ability to provide competing, nonconflicting words while naming the color of words in which the hue and the lexical content do not match.

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Picco, Richard D., and Mary T. Dzindolet. "Examining the Lüscher Color Test." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 3_suppl (December 1994): 1555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.3f.1555.

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98 subjects rated the 8 colored cards from the Lüscher Color Test from their most to least preferred colors. Lüscher claimed subjects who select identical color combinations have similar personalities. Statements were formed from Lüscher's descriptors of personalities while ensuring that the social desirability of the statements was equal. Subjects were asked to state the extent to which their personalities matched the descriptive statements. Lüscher suggested that people who favor red and yellow are more extraverted than those who prefer blue and green, but the data did not support Lüscher's predictions. Color preference was not related to self-descriptions when social desirability was controlled. Moreover, people favoring green and blue were not more introverted than those favoring red or yellow.

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Dave, Neepa Thacker, Hiral Korani, Russel Dias, and Prema Chande. "Lotus Paediatric Colour Vision Test: A new pediatric color vision test." Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 14, no. 1 (February 2010): e28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2009.12.118.

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Chetverikov, Andrey, Gianluca Campana, and Árni Kristjánsson. "Representing Color Ensembles." Psychological Science 28, no. 10 (September 2017): 1510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617713787.

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Colors are rarely uniform, yet little is known about how people represent color distributions. We introduce a new method for studying color ensembles based on intertrial learning in visual search. Participants looked for an oddly colored diamond among diamonds with colors taken from either uniform or Gaussian color distributions. On test trials, the targets had various distances in feature space from the mean of the preceding distractor color distribution. Targets on test trials therefore served as probes into probabilistic representations of distractor colors. Test-trial response times revealed a striking similarity between the physical distribution of colors and their internal representations. The results demonstrate that the visual system represents color ensembles in a more detailed way than previously thought, coding not only mean and variance but, most surprisingly, the actual shape (uniform or Gaussian) of the distribution of colors in the environment.

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GOULART, PAULO R. K., MARCIO L. BANDEIRA, DANIELA TSUBOTA, NESTOR N. OIWA, MARCELO F. COSTA, and DORA F. VENTURA. "A computer-controlled color vision test for children based on the Cambridge Colour Test." Visual Neuroscience 25, no. 3 (May 2008): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523808080589.

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The present study aimed at providing conditions for the assessment of color discrimination in children using a modified version of the Cambridge Colour Test (CCT, Cambridge Research Systems Ltd., Rochester, UK). Since the task of indicating the gap of the Landolt C used in that test proved counterintuitive and/or difficult for young children to understand, we changed the target stimulus to a patch of color approximately the size of the Landolt C gap (about 7° of visual angle at 50 cm from the monitor). The modifications were performed for the CCT Trivector test which measures color discrimination for the protan, deutan and tritan confusion lines. Experiment 1 sought to evaluate the correspondence between the CCT and the child-friendly adaptation with adult subjects (n = 29) with normal color vision. Results showed good agreement between the two test versions. Experiment 2 tested the child-friendly software with children 2 to 7 years old (n = 25) using operant training techniques for establishing and maintaining the subjects' performance. Color discrimination thresholds were progressively lower as age increased within the age range tested (2 to 30 years old), and the data—including those obtained for children—fell within the range of thresholds previously obtained for adults with the CCT. The protan and deutan thresholds were consistently lower than tritan thresholds, a pattern repeatedly observed in adults tested with the CCT. The results demonstrate that the test is fit for assessment of color discrimination in young children and may be a useful tool for the establishment of color vision thresholds during development.

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IONICA, V. "Color vision evaluation test." Acta Ophthalmologica 92 (August 20, 2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2014.t011.x.

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Karampatakis, Vassilios, Diamantis Almaliotis, Leonidas Karamitopoulos, George Kalliris, and Stavroula Almpanidou. "A Novel Smartphone-Based Color Test for Detection of Color Vision Defects in Age Related Macular Degeneration." Journal of Ophthalmology 2022 (March 31, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9744065.

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Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of the smartphone-based K-color test to detect color defects in patients with Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Methods. 88 patients (n = 135 eyes) with AMD and 28 controls (n = 53 eyes) underwent color testing with the Hardy–Rand–Rittler (H-R-R), the K-color test, and the Ishihara test. The K-color test presents randomized colored shapes in decreasing steps of intensity, providing also a record system for result tele-transmission. Sensitivity, specificity, and reliability were examined to investigate the validity of the novel test. 26 participants with AMD also completed a questionnaire regarding the feasibility of the test. Results. Linear mixed-effects models indicated a significant difference ( p < 0.001 ) between AMD and normal eyes. The areas under the curve (AUC) were estimated to be 0.897 [95% CI: 0.841–0.952], 0.943 [95% CI: 0.901–0.984], and 0.931 [95% CI: 0.886–0.977] for the red, green, and blue color, respectively. Based on the H-R-R, the sensitivity of the test was 0.79, 0.90, and 0.95 for the red, green, and blue colors, respectively, and specificity was 0.88 for all colors. The new test recognized more abnormal cases than the Ishihara (sensitivity of 0.98 and 1.0 and specificity of 0.48 and 0.38 for red and green colors, respectively). Test-retest reliability was found to be high for the red [ICC = 0.996 (0.990–0.999)], green [ICC = 0.974 (0.929–0.990)], and blue [ICC = 0.992 (0.981–0.997)] colors. The majority of the asked participants stated that they could easily perform the test. Conclusion. The K-color test was found to be sensitive and specific in detecting color defects in AMD patients. The K-color test may serve as a useful tool both for patients and their physicians.

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Aoki, Sanae, and Nobuo Kogayu. "Color Projection in the Rorschach Test." Rorschachiana 42, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000139.

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Abstract. The purpose of this study was to examine the basic features of Color Projection (CP). This study examined how CP appeared in relation to card, position, location, development quality, form quality, determinants, contents, special scores, and projected colors. Japanese adult psychiatric patients participated in the study. A total of 68 CP responses in 37 protocols were collected from over 1,500 Rorschach protocols. The results indicated that almost 60% of CP were in response to Card I or VI, which suggests that CP may be an initial shock reaction to achromatic colors and shading. Moreover, almost all CP were shown with the card in the original position, and more than half of CP were shown with W and DQo. This suggests that coping strategies when using CP may consist of changing recognitions rather than changing behaviors. On the other hand, these results also show that almost 30% of CP responses were scored MOR, and some CP responses were changed to colors that are generally considered to be less beautiful or undesirable in Japan. Therefore, in conclusion, it is possible that the current interpretive hypothesis of denial of unpleasant feelings may not be characteristic of all CP responses.

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BUCKALEW, L. W., NANCY MAITS BUCKALEW, and SHERMAN ROSS. "NOTE ON COLOR PREFERENCE AND COLOR VISION TEST PERFORMANCE." Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 3 (December 1989): 1039–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.69.3.1039.

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Buckalew, L. W., Nancy Maits Buckalew, and Sherman Ross. "Note on Color Preference and Color Vision Test Performance." Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 3-1 (December 1989): 1039–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125890693-160.

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The incidence of color deficient vision was investigated using the Pseudo-Isochromatic Plates on a relatively large and representative group. in the sample of 112 adults aged 20 to 80 yr. and comprised of 53% women and 12% minorities, 8% of men and 3% of women were color deficient. Over-all performance indicated no effects for sex or race. Nearly half of the plates were nondiscriminating among sex, minority/majority, and ”normal” and ”defective” color vision groups. Named color preferences within the ”normal” group strongly favored blues and reflected no sex differences.

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Giles, H. G., M. Hirst, E. Hoffmann, and B. M. Kapur. "A color test for methanol." Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.4.693.

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Van der Elst, Wim, Martin P. J. Van Boxtel, Gerard J. P. Van Breukelen, and Jelle Jolles. "The Stroop Color-Word Test." Assessment 13, no. 1 (March 2006): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283427.

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Ionica, V., and P. Gastaud. "467 Color Vision Evaluation Test." Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie 32 (April 2009): 1S145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0181-5512(09)73591-0.

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Asri, Sri Dianing, Adhitya Dwiki Darmawan, Novianti Putri Wibowo, and Dimas Riyanto Wibowo. "Color Blind Test Using Ishihara Method for Mercu Buana University Prospective Students Selection." PIKSEL : Penelitian Ilmu Komputer Sistem Embedded and Logic 9, no. 2 (September 25, 2021): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33558/piksel.v9i2.2404.

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Mercu Buana University is a private university which consists of seven faculties. At the Faculty of Design and Creative Arts, Faculty of Communication Sciences and Faculty of Engineering, additional requirements are required for new student candidates, i.e. a color blindness free certificate. Color blindness is a vision disorder caused by the inability of the eye cone cells to perceive a certain spectrum of colors. There are many ways to test someone's color blindness, one of which is by using the Ishihara method. To obtain a color blindness free certificate, prospective students must visit a clinic or hospital, carry out the applicable color blind test procedure, then bring the results to campus. Based on these problems, the research was conducted with the aim of making a color blind test application that can issue a recommendation letter based on the test results of prospective new students. The system development method uses System Development Life Cycle. The results of the study were an android-based color blind test application that was able to detect color blindness using the Ishihara method and issued a recommendation letter based on the test results of prospective new students in the on-time application.

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Brischke, Christian, Tanja Borcharding, and Uta Mengel. "Subjective Sensation of Color Differences – Determination of Thresholds Depending on Color Tones and Resolution." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 21, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2015-0003.

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Abstract Colors are frequently defined by three points on the L*a*b* coordinates of the CIELAB color space, and the distance between two colors can be expressed as the total color difference ΔE. In particular with respect to reproducibility of print media color differences are an important parameter, as well as for car finishes and textile dyes. Color changes are also the result of ageing and weathering which is an issue for art objects and in the building and restoration sector. However, the subjective perceptibility of color differences depends on numerous factors and general thresholds are difficult to define. This study aimed therefore on defining tolerance levels for color changes in dependence of color tones and color tone combinations as well as their resolution. In total 30 test persons evaluated samples, which had been painted with acrylic artist colors with defined color differences (ΔE = 0–7). The test subjects realized color differences already at ΔE = 1–4 for the highest resolution. Threshold values have been identified for different tones as well as the effect of interdependencies between tones and the level of color heterogeneity between adjacent areas.

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Takamatsu, Mamoru, and Yoshio Nakashima. "Apparent Color of 10 Test-Color-Cards in Dense Fog." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 121, no. 9 (2001): 815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms1990.121.9_815.

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Chen, V. J., and C. M. Cicerone. "A new color vision test based on color from motion." Journal of Vision 2, no. 10 (December 1, 2002): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/2.10.67.

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LING, BARBARA Y., and STEPHEN J. DAIN. "Color vision in children and the Lanthony New Color Test." Visual Neuroscience 25, no. 3 (May 2008): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523808080206.

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Much is known about color vision in infants, adolescents, and adults, but very few studies report the changes, which occur in color perception of children in their early schooling years. There is also a shortage of suitable color vision tests for children. This study investigated the changes in color vision of school students between 5–12 years old using the Lanthony New Color Test (NCT). Subjects of all ages were able to complete a shortened form of this test adequately. The Vingrys and King-Smith (1988) method of panel test analysis and Adams and Rodic (1982) color confusion score were adapted to analyze their performance of the test. This study confirmed that there are changes in color perception occurring in this age group. Color perception abilities increased as a function of age and there was also an improvement in the performance on the NCT with age. This can be attributed to both cognitive development and changes occurring to the color vision system.

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Nakajima, Masayuki, and Teiichi Nishioka. "Color Management. Color Management Evaluation Using ITE Hivision Test Image." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 50, no. 6 (1996): 725–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.50.725.

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Guryanova, Olga A., Artem Yu Gnibeda, and Elena V. Filimonova. "Investigation of color differences in the reproduction of memorable colors on visualization devices." Journal Of Applied Informatics 16, no. 96 (December 24, 2021): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/2687-0649-2021-16-6-113-130.

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This work is devoted to the study of changes in color coordinates on various visualization devices during color reproduction, in particular smartphones, as one of the most commonly used devices in the modern world, which is associated with the hardware dependence of the color reproduction system. The purpose of the work is to select visualization tools, determine their technical characteristics, determine test colors for visualization on various devices, determine the tolerances in reproduction of each color when using various viewing devices. To achieve the goal, such tasks were set as the selection of images containing memorable colors. These colors are fundamental in determining the tolerances in color reproduction, since information about them is inherent in each person on the basis of his life experience and knowledge, and a change in the reproduction of memorable colors, a violation in color rendering, is the most visually noticeable. Memorable colors are converted into samples – test objects, which are used to determine coordinates in a device-independent color space. Determination of tolerances is made when changing color reproduction through the use of selective (color) correction. When solving the problem, it was noted that there are colors in which, with small changes in color coordinates, the visual component changes to a sufficiently strong degree, while other colors, with a numerically identical change, do not visually change. For the selected colors on various visualization tools, the difference in color reproduction is calculated and the calculations of color differences for different models of viewing devices with a visual difference in perception are given.

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MANCUSO, KATHERINE, MAUREEN NEITZ, and JAY NEITZ. "An adaptation of the Cambridge Colour Test for use with animals." Visual Neuroscience 23, no. 3-4 (May 2006): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523806233364.

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Recently, molecular biological techniques have presented new opportunities for addressing questions concerning the neural mechanisms involved in color coding, thereby rousing renewed interest in animal color vision testing. We have modified a computer-based assessment tool, the Cambridge Colour Test, to make it suitable for use with animals. Here, the validity and reliability of the testing method were evaluated using squirrel monkeys. Because the chromatic stimuli and the achromatic backgrounds of the test consist of dots that vary in lightness, the stimulus parameters can be adjusted so that animals are not able to use luminance differences to make correct discriminations. Thus, in contrast to methods used previously, this test does not require that time be spent equating the luminance of each chromatic stimulus examined. Furthermore, the computer video-display based design of the testing apparatus can be easily replicated and adapted for use with many species in a variety of settings. In the present experiments, the squirrel monkeys' behavioral results agreed with the predictions for their color vision based on genetic analysis and electroretinography (ERG) spectral sensitivity data. Repeated measurements were highly consistent. Thus, an adaptation of the Cambridge Colour Test provides a valid and reliable method for testing color vision in animals.

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Gibson, Edward, Richard Futrell, Julian Jara-Ettinger, Kyle Mahowald, Leon Bergen, Sivalogeswaran Ratnasingam, Mitchell Gibson, Steven T. Piantadosi, and Bevil R. Conway. "Color naming across languages reflects color use." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 40 (September 18, 2017): 10785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619666114.

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What determines how languages categorize colors? We analyzed results of the World Color Survey (WCS) of 110 languages to show that despite gross differences across languages, communication of chromatic chips is always better for warm colors (yellows/reds) than cool colors (blues/greens). We present an analysis of color statistics in a large databank of natural images curated by human observers for salient objects and show that objects tend to have warm rather than cool colors. These results suggest that the cross-linguistic similarity in color-naming efficiency reflects colors of universal usefulness and provide an account of a principle (color use) that governs how color categories come about. We show that potential methodological issues with the WCS do not corrupt information-theoretic analyses, by collecting original data using two extreme versions of the color-naming task, in three groups: the Tsimane', a remote Amazonian hunter-gatherer isolate; Bolivian-Spanish speakers; and English speakers. These data also enabled us to test another prediction of the color-usefulness hypothesis: that differences in color categorization between languages are caused by differences in overall usefulness of color to a culture. In support, we found that color naming among Tsimane' had relatively low communicative efficiency, and the Tsimane' were less likely to use color terms when describing familiar objects. Color-naming among Tsimane' was boosted when naming artificially colored objects compared with natural objects, suggesting that industrialization promotes color usefulness.

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Hupbach, Almut, André Melzer, and Oliver Hardt. "The Mere Exposure Effect Is Sensitive to Color Information." Experimental Psychology 53, no. 3 (January 2006): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.53.3.233.

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Priming effects in perceptual tests of implicit memory are assumed to be perceptually specific. Surprisingly, changing object colors from study to test did not diminish priming in most previous studies. However, these studies used implicit tests that are based on object identification, which mainly depends on the analysis of the object shape and therefore operates color-independently. The present study shows that color effects can be found in perceptual implicit tests when the test task requires the processing of color information. In Experiment 1, reliable color priming was found in a mere exposure design (preference test). In Experiment 2, the preference test was contrasted with a conceptually driven color-choice test. Altering the shape of object from study to test resulted in significant priming in the color-choice test but eliminated priming in the preference test. Preference judgments thus largely depend on perceptual processes. In Experiment 3, the preference and the color-choice test were studied under explicit test instructions. Differences in reaction times between the implicit and the explicit test suggest that the implicit test results were not an artifact of explicit retrieval attempts. In contrast with previous assumptions, it is therefore concluded that color is part of the representation that mediates perceptual priming.

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TAKEUCHI, YOUSUKE. "Transcranial color Doppler guided Matts' test." Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 94, no. 9 (1991): 1315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3950/jibiinkoka.94.9_1315.

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Bailey, J., J. Neitz, and M. Neitz. "UPDATING THE HRR COLOR VISION TEST." Optometry and Vision Science 79, Supplement (December 2002): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200212001-00531.

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Fry, Carol J. "Mathematics test color and student performance." Performance + Instruction 29, no. 1 (January 1990): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pfi.4160290110.

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Lee, Gyeong Sun, Su A. Jung, Chang Jin Kim, Seok Jun Yang, Sang-Young Oh, Byoung Jin Jeon, Hyun Jung Kim, and Eun Jung Choi. "A Study on Color Distortion according to Colors and Luminous Transmittance of Lenses using Word-color Test." Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society 19, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2014.19.4.513.

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RAMASWAMY, SHANKARAN, and JEFFERY K. HOVIS. "Ability of the D-15 panel tests and HRR pseudoisochromatic plates to predict performance in naming VDT colors." Visual Neuroscience 21, no. 3 (May 2004): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095252380421313x.

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Color codes in VDT displays often contain sets of colors that are confusing to individuals with color-vision deficiencies. The purpose of this study is to determine whether individuals with color-vision deficiencies (color defectives) can perform as well as individuals without color-vision deficiencies (color normals) on a colored VDT display used in the railway industry and to determine whether clinical color-vision tests can predict their performance. Of the 52 color defectives, 58% failed the VDT test. The kappa coefficients of agreement for the Farnsworth D-15, Adams desaturated D-15, and Richmond 3rd Edition HRR PIC diagnostic plates were significantly greater than chance. In particular, the D-15 tests have a high probability of predicting who fails the practical test. However, all three tests had an unacceptably high false-negative rate (9.5–35%); so that a practical test is still needed.

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Seo, Jun Ryung, and Il Kyu Eom. "Forged Color Region Detection Using Color Pattern Decomposition and Hypothesis Test." Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers 52, no. 7 (July 25, 2015): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2015.52.7.077.

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Kertzman, Semion, Baruch Spivak, Zeev Ben-Nahum, Michael Vainder, Abraham Weizman, and Roberto Mester. "Variability of Color Choice in the Lüscher Color Test—Sex Differences." Perceptual and Motor Skills 97, no. 2 (October 2003): 647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.97.2.647.

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KERTZMAN, SEMION. "VARIABILITY OF COLOR CHOICE IN THE LUSCHER COLOR TEST—SEX DIFFERENCES." Perceptual and Motor Skills 97, no. 5 (2003): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.97.5.647-656.

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Cycowicz, Yael M., Doreen Nessler, Cort Horton, and David Friedman. "Retrieving object color: the influence of color congruity and test format." NeuroReport 19, no. 14 (September 2008): 1387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0b013e32830c8df1.

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Sanjay Mane, Ganesh, and Flavia Gonsalves. "Color Recovery from Intelligent Color Sensor Using Artificial Intelligent Approach (CRICSIA)." Recent Trends in Artificial Intelligence & its Applications 1, no. 2 (June 18, 2022): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/rtaia.2022.v01i02.005.

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Inexpensive -priced the display is based on a visual sensor that detects color. To speed up the color recovery from detector signals, artificial neural organizing models are used. The sensor's parallel potential is efficiently converted to RGB colors. The manufactured brilliantly models displayed in this work empower color changes beginning at equivalent relent the detector for color. Other than, converse modeling bolstered by a cleverly approach empowers the detector test for used of a photometric detector this associate color exchange into match energy

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Budiman, Tedi. "PERANCANGAN PROGRAM APLIKASI TES BUTA WARNA BERBASIS ANDROID." INTERNAL (Information System Journal) 2, no. 1 (July 13, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32627/internal.v2i1.64.

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Color blindness test is one way to find out whether a person has color blindness or not, is usually done with the Ishihara method. This Ishihara method is a method where when running a test with this method, the patient is usually faced with a book containing a circle pattern (disk) with many points of various colors and sizes in it. The circle pattern is usually 14, 24 and 38 dishes. Tests like this are usually done in health agencies, one of which is the Cahaya Insani Clinic in Garut, West Java. The process of implementing a color-blind test is still done manually where people who want to do a color-blind test must come directly to the clinic, making people who did color-blind tests had to be willing to wait a long time to be able to do a color-blind test. In addition to these problems, the lack of knowledge and understanding of the community regarding color blindness, makes people less aware of the importance of color-blinding tests early on. Therefore, a media is needed that can do color blindness tests quickly and easily, coupled with information about color blindness that can provide insight to the community. Mobile based application Android is one of the right media to make it easy for people to obtain information. Starting from this, then made an Android-based color blindness test application to make it easier for people to do color blindness tests anytime and anywhere, and can used as a medium of information about color blindness.

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Budiman, Tedi. "PERANCANGAN PROGRAM APLIKASI TES BUTA WARNA BERBASIS ANDROID." INTERNAL (Information System Journal) 2, no. 1 (July 13, 2019): 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32627/internal.v2i1.315.

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Color blindness test is one way to find out whether a person has color blindness or not, is usually done with the Ishihara method. This Ishihara method is a method where when running a test with this method, the patient is usually faced with a book containing a circle pattern (disk) with many points of various colors and sizes in it. The circle pattern is usually 14, 24 and 38 dishes. Tests like this are usually done in health agencies, one of which is the Cahaya Insani Clinic in Garut, West Java. The process of implementing a color-blind test is still done manually where people who want to do a color-blind test must come directly to the clinic, making people who did color-blind tests had to be willing to wait a long time to be able to do a color-blind test. In addition to these problems, the lack of knowledge and understanding of the community regarding color blindness, makes people less aware of the importance of color-blinding tests early on. Therefore, a media is needed that can do color blindness tests quickly and easily, coupled with information about color blindness that can provide insight to the community. Mobile based application Android is one of the right media to make it easy for people to obtain information. Starting from this, then made an Android-based color blindness test application to make it easier for people to do color blindness tests anytime and anywhere, and can used as a medium of information about color blindness.

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Sanchez-Carrillo, Constanza I., Teresita de Jesus Ramirez-Sanchez, Marcela Zambrana-Castañeda-, and Beatrice J. Selwyn. "Test of a Noninvasive Instrument for Measuring Hemoglobin Concentration." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 5, no. 4 (October 1989): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300008527.

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A colorimetric instrument for the noninvasive quantification of hemoglobin, designed using color shades resembling those observed in the conjunctiva, was tested. The instrument's colors are contrasted against the color of the conjunctiva to measure hemoglobin content. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and false-negative value were estimated to test the instrument's accuracy; kappa coefficients were used to estimate inter- and intraobserver variability. Physician field evaluations of conjunctiva color for the screening of anemia, reported in the literature, have had sensitivities and specificities as high as 70%. Readings with the instrument demonstrated a 63% sensitivity, 72% specificity, and 38% false negatives for screening hemoglobin values of less than or equal to 13 g/dl. The interobserver kappa coefficients for three pairs of readers were good to excellent for the same hemoglobin screening value. Statistically significant differences were noted, however, between observers during the reliability test. The instrument can be used by unskilled personnel to improve their decision-making about whom to send for futher care or for supplementation with iron.

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Mohammed, Maha, and Khalil Mohammed. "The Problem of see the Colors in the Graphic Design to Color Blindness Patients." Journal of Advance Research in Pharmacy & Biological Science (ISSN: 2208-2360) 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnpbs.v2i1.718.

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This research explains the problem of use of colors in graphic design such as ( logos , posters, and so on) to patients with color blindness, Color blindness is one of human diseases , in this disease changed many concepts The first change is the concept of art , That the color component has a big role in art and design ,This disease is mostly a hereditary disease for males than females. Many graphic designers didn't put into consideration when choosing the color groups for their designs how color blindness patients see these designs ? So this research will focus about this point because the color element in graphic design is very important and take a big role in graphic design field to attract users. This research explains definition color blindness disease & Disease's reasons & Kinds of Disease and answered What color blindness patients see? . The research explains The Ishihara test is a color perception test for red-green color deficiencies. It was named after its designer, Dr. Shinobu Ishihara, a professor at the University of Tokyo, who first published his tests in 1917, the research explains the details about this test . And this research focus that There are theories of color for graphic design , the designers used its such Complementary / contrast between warm color & cold color ( red+green) . So Logos , posters , and so on missed the message in eye’s color blindness patients because color in their design didn’t clear for them . finally the research shows some designers used 2 colors red with green in design logo , poster, and so on , so their design miss the beauty and may be miss the message for color blindness patients.

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Jurnal, Redaksi Tim. "ANIMASI INTERAKTIF SIMULASI TES BUTA WARNA DENGAN METODE ISHIHARA BERBASIS ADOBE FLASH CS 5." PETIR 10, no. 2 (November 16, 2018): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/petir.v10i2.21.

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Colour blindness isi disorder caused by the inability of teh eys cone cells to capture a spesific color spectrum due to genetic factors. Color blindness is a genetic disorder/ congenital inherited from parents to their childern, because this disorder is carried by the X chomeosome. Many people find out too late in the color blindness.This isi due to lack of information and insight about the color blind test. Therefore, this aplication is made so that people can find out about all sort of color blindness test, the results of each simulation to make simulation aktratif silmulation is made with adobe cs 5

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Anderson, Andrew J., and Alan W. Johnston. "Test/retest and inter-test agreement of color aptitude measures." Color Research & Application 40, no. 3 (March 5, 2014): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.21876.

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Hassani, Nargess, and Susan P. Farnand. "Color Discrimination Threshold for Medical Test Devices." Electronic Imaging 2017, no. 18 (January 29, 2017): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2017.18.color-036.

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Makarov, I. A. "Prevalence of Color Vision Deficiencies." Ophthalmology in Russia 17, no. 3 (September 24, 2020): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2020-3-414-421.

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Purpose. The study of color deficiencies prevalence in young people, students of higher educational university.Materials and methods. The study was carried for the half year — fall semester. A total of 1,609 students were examined, aged 17–21. There were 1191 boys and 418 girls. The survey was conducted to determine the health groups in physical training and in various sports sections. An ophthalmologic examination determined refractive disorders and other ocular pathology, which is important for determining health groups. Rabkin polychromatic tables and Neitz color vision test (Neitz Lab (UW Medicine) were used for determining of color deficiencies. The obtained results of these tests were compared in terms of the time spent on the test, the results of the test effectiveness, the determination of dissimulation, and the assessment of the shift in the color spectrum in individuals with impaired color perception.Results. A total of refractive disorders were detected in 856 students (53.2 %). The high degree of myopia was in 40. Disorders of color deficient were noted in 101 students (8.48 %) of 1191 male subjects when using the Neitz color test. Dichromatic eye changes were observed from 2.1 % students: protanopia and deiteranopia were in 0.67 % and 1.43 %. Most of all there were violations with the perception of shades of light brown and light green colors. A third of healthy students noted the impossibility of distinguishing light brown from light gray. This is regardless of the state of refraction. Simultaneous violations of the perception of shades of red, green, yellow and blue were observed in one subject, it was associated with congenital cataracts. In four young people, acquired eye diseases caused. In two girls, violations of the perception of a pastel shade of light green were noted, with one girl (0.24 %) having a violation in two eyes, and was presumably due to a gene anomaly. The second girl had one eye and was associated with partial atrophy of the optic nerve after the optic neuritis.Conclusions. Neitz color test expands the diagnostic possibilities, since in its design it has pastel shades of light green and light brown colors on a gray background, reduces the likelihood of dissimulation, reduces the time of the survey. Neitz color test allows to expand the possibilities for more accurate and differential diagnosis dichromatic and anormal trichromatic subjects and acquired color vision defects.

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Paramei, Galina V. "Color discrimination across four life decades assessed by the Cambridge Colour Test." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 29, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): A290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.29.00a290.

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Paramei, Galina V. "Color discrimination across four life decades assessed by the Cambridge Colour Test." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 29, no. 2 (January 30, 2012): A293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.29.00a293.

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Akbar, Memen, Warnia Nengsih Sikumbang, and Wiwin Styorini. "Development of Color Blindness Test Application Using Ishihara Template at Rumbai Public Health Center." JURNAL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA 15, no. 1 (June 24, 2022): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jti.v15i1.24889.

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This research addresses the problem of color blindness testing at Puskesmas Rumbai which serves color blindness checks using printed books. The colors in the book became less clear as time went on. Therefore, this research makes a digital color blindness examination as part of the application for obtaining a certificate of health. The resulting application is named SIP SEHAT which stands for Aplikasi Pelayanan Surat Keterangan Kesehatan. This application was developed using prototyping method approach. There are 3 categories of users of this application, namely the registration section, doctor or nurse, and administration section. The registration section inputs the identity of the patient who will perform the examination. Meanwhile, doctors or nurses carry out examinations and medical examinations of patients who come. Color blindness test is one of the features found in doctors or nurses. Patients independently answer 24 Ishihara templates that appear on the application. Based on the answers from the patient, the application will display the color blindness test results, whether including total color blindness, partial color blindness, or not color blindness. The administration section prints a certificate of a patient who has performed an examination and gets a recapitulation of health examination reports per month. The application has been tested with 3 types of testing, namely accuracy testing, correctness testing, and usability testing. Based on these three tests, it can be concluded that this application is ready for use by the Puskesmas Rumbai to serve the processing of certificates of health. Based on service process analysis, this application makes the process of managing a health certificate making more efficient by 42.86%.

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Aliiev, Elchyn. "Automatic Phenotyping Test of Sunflower Seeds." Helia 43, no. 72 (August 27, 2020): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia-2019-0019.

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AbstractThe development of automated precision technologies for the phenotyping test of seeds by a complex of functional features in the selection process of sunflower is relevant and promising. The task of developing a device for the automatic phenotyping test of seeds and the algorithm for finding and isolating seeds based on color information was set. Research was conducted on a stand, which consisted of the following elements: Video Microscope Camera 1080 P 16MP HDMI USB manufactured by Eakins, a set of LEDs of three types (red, green, blue) and a personal computer.The results of experimental studies of the process of automatic phenotyping test of seeds of different sunflower varieties allowed us to establish an average error of determining the geometric dimensions of sunflower seeds (length L and width B) – 0.06 mm. The histograms of the color distribution of sunflower seeds in the RGB color space with different illumination are established. As a result of the analysis of the obtained histograms of the color distribution of sunflower seeds in the RGB color space it is established that in the case of color homogeneity, the discreteness of the channels with red illumination is most clearly seen.A device for automatic phenotyping test of seeds has been developed, which preserves the accuracy of individual measurement of the geometric dimensions of sunflower seeds, determining their shape and color, which corresponds to modern measuring tools, and provides low complexity and high technological implementation of the phenotyping test procedure (determination, ascertaining and identification) material, according to its morphological and marker features.

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Muñoz-Galicia, Deysi, Citlalli Castillo-Guevara, and Carlos Lara. "Innate and learnt color preferences in the common green-eyed white butterfly (Leptophobia aripa): experimental evidence." PeerJ 9 (November 29, 2021): e12567. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12567.

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Background Learning abilities help animals modify their behaviors based on experience and innate sensory biases to confront environmental unpredictability. In a food acquisition context, the ability to detect, learn, and switch is fundamental in a wide range of insect species facing the ever-changing availability of their floral rewards. Here, we used an experimental approach to address the innate color preferences and learning abilities of the common green-eyed white butterfly (Leptophobia aripa). Methods In Experiment 1, we conducted innate preference choice-tests to determine whether butterflies had a strong innate color preference and to evaluate whether color preferences differed depending on the array of colors offered. We faced naïve butterflies to artificial flowers of four colors (quadruple choice-test): yellow, pink, white, and red; their choices were assessed. In Experiment 2, we examined the ability of this butterfly species to associate colors with rewards while exploring if the spectral reflectance value of a flower color can slow or accelerate this behavioral response. Butterflies were first trained to be fed from artificial yellow flowers inserted in a feeder. These were later replaced by artificial flowers with a similar (blue) or very different (white) spectral reflectance range. Each preference test comprised a dual-choice test (yellow vs blue, yellow vs white). Results Butterflies showed an innate strong preference for red flowers. Both the number of visits and the time spent probing these flowers were much greater than the pink, white, and yellow color flowers. Butterflies learn to associate colors with sugar rewards. They then learned the newly rewarded colors as quickly and proficiently as if the previously rewarded color was similar in spectral reflectance value; the opposite occurs if the newly rewarded color is very different than the previously rewarded color. Conclusions Our findings suggest that common green-eyed white butterflies have good learning abilities. These capabilities may allow them to respond rapidly to different color stimulus.

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Istiono, Wirawan. "Bilingual Color Learning Application as Alternative Color Learning for Preschool Student." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 16, no. 05 (March 8, 2022): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i05.28319.

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Color recognition skills for early childhood are very important as a basis for starting other learning, by recognizing colors a child will get the benefits of creative development, development of sensory abilities and other positive benefits. Based on the results of observations that had been done in the kindergarten school that locate in Tangerang, Indonesia, it was found that most children were still often confused or had difficulty distinguishing colors through conventional teaching. In this research, a color recognition application was built in two languages, which aims to help students to recognize color faster. Testing will be carried out using the pretest and posttest methods with the "paired sample t test" method to measure the level of student development before and after using the application, user acceptance testing will also be carried out using UAT to measure the level of user acceptance of the application that had been made. From these evaluation, it was found that the results of the development were quite good with the t-stat results of 8.69 and the user acceptance test results of 86.72%.

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Guan, Jinlan, Jiequan Ou, Guanghua Liu, Minna Chen, and Yuting Lai. "The Identification and Evaluation Model for Test Paper’s Color and Substance Concentration." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 02 (June 13, 2019): 2055004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420550046.

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The colorimetric method is usually used to test the concentration of substances. However, this method has a big error since different people have different sensitivities to colors. In this paper, in order to solve the identification problem of the color and the concentration of the test paper, firstly, we found out that the concentration of substance is correlated with the color reading by using the Pearson’s Chi-squared test method. And by the concentration coefficient of Pearson correlation analysis, the concentration of substance and color reading is highly correlated. Secondly, according to the RGB value of the paper image, the color moments of the image are calculated as the characteristics of the image, and the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) neural network is established to classify the concentration of the substance. The accuracy of the training set model is 94.5%, and the accuracy of the test set model is 87.5%. The model precision is high, and the model has stronger generalization ability. Therefore, according to the RGB value of the test paper image, it is effective to establish the LM neural network model to identify the substance concentration.

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Baroun, Khader, and Bader Alansari. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PERFORMANCE ON THE STROOP TEST." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 34, no. 3 (January 1, 2006): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.3.309.

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This study assessed differences in gender performance among Kuwaiti male and women on the Stroop Test (Stroop, 1935). Participants were 504 university students, 122 men and 382 women (age M= 21:0, SD= 2.7 yrs). Prior studies have shown that females by and large display differential performance (shorter latencies) from males on the word card, color card, and color word card of the Stroop Test. Results indicate that the Kuwaiti women read faster on the color card than did the males, and especially were faster with intercepting three cards of tests (interaction effect). Gender differences were observed in the color card and color-word card tests but not significantly for the word card test. The results do substantiate the gender difference in Stroop color and interference.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Color Test'

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