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Shroyer, Kathryn Marie. "Porcelain Color Discrimination Test Actual Sample Model." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420209606.
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Lundgren, Fanny, and Modin Håkansson Filip. "Stroop color coding and the relationship of personality in performance : An experimental study on Stroop color coding controlling for personality traits." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85749.
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The Stroop Color coding and word test (Stroop, 1935) is a well-known phenomenon investigating cognitive inhibition, cognitive speed, attention and cognitive flexibility. The Stroop effect refers when processing a stimulus while being exposed to another stimuli simultaneous interfering with the first (Scarpina & Tagini, 2017). This study focuses on a performance part of the Stroop color coding and word test and its relation to personality traits in the HEAXCO-PR using the Mini-IPIP6 (Ashton & Lee, 2007; Sibely, 2012). An experiment was conducted with the control group ( N = 30 ) solving a Stroop color coding and word test and the experiment group ( N = 30) being exposed to two stimuli (audio and visual) with purpose to induce stress. The result of an independent t-test indicated that you can manipulate the result of a Stroop test measuring two outcome variables (Time and Error). One-way MANCOVA was performed with the personality traits used as covariates. The analysis indicated that Extraversion had a significant small impact on Time (F (1,52) = 6.872, p = .011 η2 = .117) ) and Openness had an effect on Error (F (1,52) = 3.167, p = .008 η2 = .057). Openness showed a significant effect on error rate in the performance. Extraversion showed significant effect as a covariate on the completion time of the test. Time and Error showed a significant correlation. To establish the relationship between cognitive inhibition and personality more research is required. More research is also required for the result of this theoretical study to potentially become applicable.
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Henriques, Leonardo Dutra. "Avaliação da visão de cores em primatas do gênero Alouatta." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-05022018-163254/.
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A visão de cores apresenta um papel muito importante para a sobrevivência e desenvolvimento de primatas. A capacidade de discriminar, visualmente, o alvo de um fundo apenas pela diferença de matiz pode ser o diferencial tanto para a busca de alimentos, como para a fuga de predadores. Estudos sobre a visão de cores auxiliam a fazer inferências sobre suas bases biológicas e utilidade funcional. O presente estudo buscou avaliar a discriminação de cores em primatas do gênero Alouatta (Bugio), por meio de uma adaptação do teste computadorizado Cambridge Colour Test (CCT) e do sequenciamento dos genes que codificam as opsinas, uma vez que por estudos anteriores inferia-se que eles pudessem apresentar visão tricromática, diferenciando-os dos outros platirrinos. Para este estudo foram utilizados 6 indivíduos do Centro Nacional de Primatas (CENP, Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil). O experimento comportamental objetivava determinar elipses de discriminação de cor para três fundos de diferentes cromaticidades do diagrama CIE 1976 uv, as quais serviram de parâmetro para a determinação do fenótipo dos indivíduos. A análise genética buscou identificar as variedades de opsinas. Dois indivíduos concluíram o teste comportamental com sucesso, um macho de Alouatta caraya e uma fêmea de Alouatta seniculus, ambos apresentando visão de cores tricromática. A análise molecular identificou a presença de dois alelos para comprimentos médios/longos da opsina. O potencial de tricromacia demonstrado na análise genética foi compatível com os resultados da análise comportamental que mostraram capacidade discriminativa tricromática. Neste trabalho abordamos os diversos aspectos desse estudo, tanto na modelagem dos animais quanto na importância desse achadoColor vision has a very important role in the survival and development of primates. The ability to visually discriminate the target of a background only by hue difference may be the difference for both search of food or escape from predators. Studies on color vision help to make inferences about their biological bases and functional utility. This study sought to evaluate the color discrimination in primates of the genus Alouatta (Howler monkey), through an adaptation of the computerized test Cambridge Colour Test (CCT) and the sequencing of the genes coding opsins. Through previous studies have inferred that they could present trichromatic vision, distinguishing them from other platyrrhines. Six subjects from the National Primate Center (CENP, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil) were tested. The behavioral experiment aimed to determine color discrimination ellipses to three backgrounds of different chromaticity at CIE 1976 u\'v\' diagram, which served as a parameter for determining the phenotype of individuals and the genetic analysis sought to identify the varieties of opsins. Two individuals completed the test successfully one male and one female, both featuring trichromatic color vision. Two individuals successfully completed the behavioral test, one Alouatta caraya male and one Alouatta seniculus female, both presenting trichromatic color vision. Molecular analysis identified the presence of two alleles for medium/long lengths of opsin compatible with behavioral analysis. In this work we approach the various aspects of this study, both in the modeling of the animals and in the importance of this finding
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Laws, Eric L. "An Investigation of Color Memory as a Function of Hue, Saturation, Lightness and Observer Imagery Vividness for Blue, Green and Orange Test Hues." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26367.
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Fifty-two college-aged observers participated in an experiment assessing color memory via a PowerPoint '97 computer display program which varied one of the three dimensions of hue, saturation and lightness at a time. Consistent with previous research, errors were greater for the lightness conditions followed by saturation, and least for hue conditions Additionally, a signal detection analysis indicated that d-prime was greatest for the hue conditions, less for saturation and lowest for lightness conditions. There were also significant but unpredicted differences in response criterion which may reflect task difficulty. Scores on the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (Marks, 1973) were, in general, not correlated with performance on these color memory tasks, inconsistent with previous research. The role of complexity of neuronal circuitry, the significance for opponent-process, trichromatic and retinex color vision theories and the relationship to Sokolov's model of color memory were discussed. Also, it was concluded that investigators of color memory using a computer display are well-advised to calibrate the monitor with a colorimeter because the internal computer units may be unreliable indexes of changes in hue, saturation and lightness.Ph. D.
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Murray, Marion Frances. "An investigation of early attention in young children through the use of Stroop task variants." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22858.
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Stroop interference through the colour-word task has been a popular means of studying selective attention since its introduction in 1935. Little effort has been made to adapting a non-verbal task for use with pre-school children. Cramer (1976) devised a colour-picture task where pictures characteristically associated with a particular colour (such as a picture of a banana and the colour yellow) were presented in incongruous colours (e.g., a blue banana). A series of studies was conducted with children aged between 3 and 8 years of age which investigated facets of this colour-picture task. Two methods of responding were compared - a verbal response, and a manual response that allowed younger children to participate (a card-sorting technique). In addition to the basic colour-picture task where children named colours and forms, another task was introduced where children 'prescribed' the correct colour of incorrectly-coloured pictures (Santostefano, 1978; Sebovà & Árochovà, 1986). Results showed that children consistently displayed increased latencies when colour-naming and colour-sorting characteristically and uncharacteristically-coloured pictures. Interference was frequently found for inappropriately-coloured but not appropriately-coloured pictures in form-naming/sorting tasks. The prescribing task proved difficult for children to complete and produced increased latencies and error rates. Performance of the naming colour-picture task was compared to classic Stroop colour-word procedures in children aged between 5 and 8. There were correlations between colour naming in the colour-picture and colour-word tasks for children aged 5 - 7. Performance in the prescribing task did not correlate. It is concluded that the tasks are good measures of selective attention but not necessarily direct equivalents of the colour-word task. An evaluation of the verbal and non-verbal methods is also given.
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Lowry, Lynda S. "The effect of social comparisons on selective attention : an image based Stroop task." Scholarly Commons, 2011. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/788.
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Media sources, often containing ideal body images, put forth the message of selfimprovement and the need to achieve a thin physique. For some women, striving to achieve an ideal body can lead to increased risk of engaging in disordered eating, anxiety, and an increased fixation toward body or weight stimuli. Previous research examining the relationship between body satisfaction and attention toward body related stimuli has often compared clinical eating disorder and non-clinical samples. However, these findings do not give an accurate picture of how non-clinical samples respond to thin body images. The present study sought to determine if engaging in a downward social comparison would negate the "fixation" or increased attention given to body images.
Female participants from a university in northern California were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions: downward or upward social comparison. Participants were asked to view an advertisement of a model, and write based on a
prompt developed to elicit a downward or upward social comparison. Selective attention toward body related stimuli was then assessed through use of a Stroop task, which randomly displayed thin female silhouettes and abstract images. Error rates and reaction times were recorded, with more errors and slower reactions times reflecting increased attention toward the female silhouette.
A hierarchal linear regression found an association for the downward social comparison condition and self-esteem. Longer reaction time toward body images was seen among women who engaged in a downward social comparison and had low levels of self-esteem. Among women with high BMI, less selective attention was observed. Comparisons of the groups on reaction times, error rates, and body image measures are discussed.
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Thomas, Kathleen Theresa. "Do colored overlays improve reading? : a test of the Irlen effect /." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06162009-063332/.
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Thomas, Ruth. "Test of a Smock System on CPR Primary Emergency Measures and Medical Errors During Simulated Emergencies." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/759.
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Rates of survival of victims of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) using cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have shown little improvement over the past three decades. Since registered nurses (RNs) comprise the largest group of healthcare providers in U.S. hospitals, it is essential that they are competent in performing the four primary measures (compression, ventilation, medication administration, and defibrillation) of CPR in order to improve survival rates of SCA patients. The purpose of this experimental study was to test a color-coded SMOCK system on:1) time to implement emergency patient care measures 2) technical skills performance 3) number of medical errors, and 4) team performance during simulated CPR exercises. The study sample was 260 RNs (M 40 years, SD=11.6) with work experience as an RN (M 7.25 years, SD=9.42).Nurses were allocated to a control or intervention arm consisting of 20 groups of 5-8 RNs per arm for a total of 130 RNs in each arm. Nurses in each study arm were given clinical scenarios requiring emergency CPR. Nurses in the intervention group wore different color labeled aprons (smocks) indicating their role assignment (medications, ventilation, compression, defibrillation, etc) on the code team during CPR. Findings indicated that the intervention using color-labeled smocks for pre-assigned roles had a significant effect on the time nurses started compressions (t=3.03, p=0.005), ventilations (t=2.86, p=0.004) and defibrillations (t=2.00, p=.05) when compared to the controls using the standard of care. In performing technical skills, nurses in the intervention groups performed compressions and ventilations significantly better than those in the control groups. The control groups made significantly (t=-2.61, p=0.013) more total errors (7.55 SD 1.54) than the intervention group (5.60, SD 1.90). There were no significant differences in team performance measures between the groups. Study findings indicate use of colored labeled smocks during CPR emergencies resulted in: shorter times to start emergency CPR; reduced errors; more technical skills completed successfully; and no differences in team performance.
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Nordström, Viktoria. "The nutrient-color paradigm : A test based on a comperative analysis of lakes in four ecoregions in Sweden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184360.
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The nutrient-color paradigm explains lake productivity as a function of the concentrations of nutrients and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the water column. Specifically, the paradigm predicts that primary production decreases with increasing concentrations of CDOM due to reduced light penetration, and increases with nitrogen or phosphorus concentration because these are typically the growth limiting elements for phytoplankton. A key assumption of the nutrient-color paradigm is that these factors are independent, forming orthogonal axes of a habitat template. This thesis presents an empirical test of this assumption based on water chemistry data collected from Swedish lakes in four ecoregions with different land cover and land use characteristics. Lakes in southern Sweden have weak correlations between metrics of nutrient concentration and CDOM. In contrast, there were strong correlations between nutrient and CDOM concentrations in northern Sweden. These results indicate that the orthogonality assumption of nutrient-color paradigm only holds in some ecoregions, specifically those where there are substantial inorganic nutrient sources available like in southern Sweden due to agriculture and urbanization. I describe how this observation reconciles apparently contrasting patterns of primary production observed when comparing lakes in northern Sweden compared to those reported in the temperate ecoregions.
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Sjöquist, Joakim. "Building a suitable testing-platform to measure impact of typographic effects on web pages." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39333.
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The purpose of this study was to create a testing-platform that mea- sures the impact of typographic effects on web pages. This study chose to focus on highlighted text (text with high contrast background- color) as a typographic tool. The platform is a website, consisting of three (3) pages; (1) the first gathers test user information; (2) the sec- ond (subject-section) records time read and applies an authentication function; (3) the final page provides a multiple-choice questionnaire that records time tested, test score with same authentication method as page two. To test the platform, forty-nine participants were gathered, twenty-five participants (named Group Highlight Text) performed the test with highlight effects turned on and visible in page two (2), the remaining twenty-four (named Group Regular Text) read same page with no effects toggled or visible. Both groups were tested on page three (3) with six questions. The testing-platform fulfilled all expected requirements, with some sections requiring further development. The participation test data revealed some interesting results that could be analyzed further with assistance from social science research. In con- clusion, the test platform successfully recorded viable data that could be used in many fields, but will need additional technical work before being adopted in real-world applications. Further study could be im- plemented in collaboration with researchers from the social sciences to analyze the effects of different typographic effects. Additionally, cre- ate platforms to extract, organize and visualize gathered data would be advantageous.
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Chagas, Larissa Escher. "NORMATIZAÇÃO E VALIDAÇÃO DAS PIRÂMIDES COLORIDAS DE PFISTER PARA CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/1885.
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-16This thesis is organized in two articles that aim to contribute to the construction of Brazilian psychometric parameters of standardization and validity of using the Test of Pfisters Color Pyramid (TPC) for children and adolescents. With the gathering of the test standards performance of this age group in a Brazilian region not included in the psychological instrument manual, it is possible complement the normative test data, increasing its potential for use and reliability. The first article is the presentation of normative data for the study sample, and the comparison among different age groups, gender and type of school. The study included 367 children and adolescents, 7-14 years, with respect to which were performed comparative analyzes and survey descriptive statistics of performance in the TPC. The results indicate the presence of productions less developed cognitively and greater emotional immaturity in children 7-12 years, while teens have better organization of thought. Regarding gender, girls were more extroverted and anxious than boys who, in turn, had higher modulation capability of emotions. Considering the school origin, note that public school students demonstrated ability to conduct maintenance adapted in relation to emotions, while the private schools have obtained, mostly over high cognitive performance evidence. The second article is a validation study where one sees the possible correlations between the emotional and cognitive indicators of the TPC and the level of non-verbal general intelligence as measured by the Raven test. The study included 411 children and adolescents 7-14 years of age, whose data were analyzed from three groups of different levels of intelligence: lower, middle and upper. The results showed a significant positive correlation between the Formal aspects and levels of intelligence, where indicators of more primitive cognitive and emotional levels were observed in lower-level participants intelligence; intermediate productions correspond to the median intellectual levels; and the most sophisticated productions relate to the higher intellectual levels, which also showed higher anxiety and tension in dealing with emotions, the greater frequency of use of the violet color. This result can be considered evidence of TPC validation in children and adolescents, mainly related to their cognitive indicators. In general, the two dissertation articles seek to contribute to the best and highest use of the instrument, setting standards for certain population and verifying evidence of validity.
A presente dissertação está organizada em dois artigos que têm como objetivo contribuir com a construção de parâmetros psicométricos brasileiros de normatização e de validade do uso do Teste das Pirâmides Coloridas de Pfister (TPC) para crianças e adolescentes. Com o levantamento dos desempenhos padrões no teste dessa faixa etária, em uma região brasileira não contemplada no manual do instrumento psicológico, pode-se complementar os dados normativos do teste, aumentando seu potencial de uso e de fidedignidade. O primeiro artigo consiste na apresentação dos dados normativos para a amostra do estudo, além da comparação entre grupos diferentes de idade, sexo e tipo de escola. Participaram do estudo 367 crianças e adolescentes de 7 a 14 anos, com relação aos quais foram realizadas análises comparativas e levantamento da estatística descritiva do desempenho no TPC. Os resultados apontam para a presença de produções menos desenvolvidas cognitivamente e maior imaturidade emocional em crianças de 7 a 12 anos, enquanto os adolescentes possuem melhor organização do pensamento. Quanto ao sexo, as meninas se mostraram mais extrovertidas e ansiosas do que os meninos que, por sua vez, apresentaram maior capacidade de modulação das emoções. Considerando a origem escolar, nota-se que alunos de escolas públicas demostraram capacidade de manutenção de conduta adaptada em relação às emoções, enquanto os de escolas particulares obtiveram, em sua maioria, mais indícios de desempenho cognitivo elevado. O segundo artigo é um estudo de validação onde verificam-se as possíveis correlações entre os indicadores emocionais e cognitivos do TPC e o nível de inteligência geral não verbal medido pelo Teste de Raven. Participaram do estudo 411 crianças e adolescentes de 7 a 14 anos de idade, cujos dados foram analisados a partir de três grupos de diferentes níveis de inteligência: inferior, mediano e superior. Os resultados indicaram correlação positiva significativa entre os Aspectos Formais e os níveis de inteligência, onde os indicadores de níveis cognitivos e emocionais mais primitivos foram observados em participantes de nível inferior de inteligência; as produções intermediárias correspondem aos níveis intelectuais medianos; e as produções mais sofisticadas se relacionam com os níveis intelectuais superiores, que também apresentaram maior ansiedade e tensão na forma de lidar com as emoções, pela maior frequência do uso da cor violeta. Este resultado pode ser considerado uma evidência de validação do TPC em crianças e adolescentes, principalmente relacionado aos seus indicadores cognitivos. De maneira geral, os dois artigos da dissertação procuram contribuir para a melhor e maior utilização do instrumento, estabelecendo normas para determinada população e comprovando evidências de validade do mesmo.
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Yeo, Jiyoun. "A Multiplex Two-Color Real-Time PCR Method for Quality-Controlled Molecular Diagnostic Testing of FFPE Samples." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1396507223.
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Sullivan, Erin. "Assessment of Hot and Cool Executive Functioning Following Trauma Using the Traditional Stroop Task, Emotional Stroop Task, and a Novel Implicit Association Test." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822731/.
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Individuals who have experienced a traumatic event and develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) frequently show deficits in both primarily “cool” and “hot” cognitive executive functions (e.g., traditional & emotional Stroop tasks, respectively) that can be impacted by high affective salience. Given the dimensional nature of psychopathology, questions remain about individuals within the general population who have experienced trauma but do not meet full criteria for PTSD and yet may manifest problems in these areas, especially areas of hot and cool executive functioning (EF). Thus, the current project was designed to assess hot and cool EF in a relatively large sample of individuals from the general population who have experienced trauma and currently demonstrate sub-clinical levels of post-traumatic symptoms. The Stroop task, Emotional Stroop task, and a novel modified Implicit Association Test were utilized to assess EF across a spectrum of individuals with varying traumatic histories and level of post-traumatic symptoms. Results suggest that a greater frequency of trauma experiences was moderately associated with worse performance on both hot and cool executive functioning measures. Specifically, females within the sample evidenced a close relationship between traumatic experiences, post-trauma symptoms, and executive functioning. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.
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Crossen, Edward Wayne. "Textural, Color and Sensory Attributes of Fruits and Vegetables Dried Using Electric Forced-Air and Solar Dehydrators." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6675.
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Direct sun drying is one of the oldest methods of food preservation. A drying method that utilizes solar energy while minimizing negative aspects of sun drying is a solar dryer. However, research about the quality characteristics of fruits and vegetables dried using a solar dryer compared to a traditional dryer is lacking. To measure this, apple, tomato and carrot slices, and grape halves and whole peas were prepared and dried using either a solar or FA dehydrator (FA), Consumer liking was measured using two sensory panels that asked panelists 9-point hedonic questions between like products. Quality differences were analyzed using a TA.XT2 texture analyzer. Color was measured using a Hunterlab colorimeter. There were no significant differences in consumer liking (p<0.05) between drying methods for any fruits and vegetables with regards to overall acceptability. Grapes, tomatoes and carrots all had significant differences in consumer liking with regards to appearance, which correlates well with observed differences in a* values. Consumers liked the aroma of solar-dried peas significantly more. The texture of FA grapes was liked significantly more than their solar counterparts, which likely contributed to consumers significantly ranking the FA grapes higher than their solar counterparts when asked to rank which one they prefer.
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Terry, Travis Neal. "Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emergency Lighting, Retroreflective Markings, and Paint Color on Policing and Law Enforcement Safety." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104450.
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This project is an in-depth investigation on the impact of lighting, marking and paint schemes on the operational aspects of police vehicles. This investigation consisted of two phases that ultimately consisted of four experiments. An array of lighting and marking schemes were implemented on police vehicles in a variety of jurisdictions for evaluation. The study then investigated the change in the visibility of police officers, the public reaction to these schemes, and the operational impacts of these systems.
The first phase of the project was a naturalistic observation study where the goal was to better understand how traffic behaved around traffic stops. Test vehicles were positioned in simulated traffic stops and patrol locations to determine how traffic behavior was affected by various configurations of police lighting and markings. Camera and radar systems were used to measure the changes in driver speed and when drivers responded to the move over law.
Based on the results of the naturalistic studies, the impact of the lighting system on officer visibility was investigated in a controlled human factors test where the ability of a driver to see a police officer outside of their vehicle was measured in the presence of the lighting systems. The purpose of this interjected effort was to verify that the experimental schemes would not increase risk to law enforcement despite data from the first phase indicating the vehicles were more visible. A second part to that study evaluated conventional methods of bolstering an officer's visibility outside of their vehicle at night.
The second phase took the findings of the first phase and implemented changes to several police vehicles from local and state agencies to be in operation for at least 18 months. This was to assess the rate of near-misses and crash rate to relate the vehicle changes to law enforcement safety. Additionally, rates of citations were assessed, and surveys offered an opportunity for law enforcement to provide their own feedback on the implementations.
The lighting systems evaluated included a completely blue lighting system, an enhanced all blue lighting system with twice the light output, a red and blue system, and a single flashing blue beacon. In terms of markings, retroreflective markings along the side of the vehicle, a retroreflective contour line, chevrons on the rear of the vehicle and unmarked vehicles were evaluated. Finally, a variety of vehicle colors were used to investigate the impact of the base vehicle paint color.
The results indicate that both the red and blue lighting system and the high output blue lighting system increase the distance at which drivers moved over significantly. In general, at least 95% of traffic attempted to merge away from an actively lighted police vehicle, when possible. In terms of the speed change, drivers began reducing their speed by approximately 600 m from the police vehicle. Similarly, the addition of retroreflectivity to the rear of the vehicle showed an additional benefit for causing drivers to move over sooner. However, these benefits came at a cost to the officer's visibility. When outside of their vehicle, the high output blue system significantly reduced officer detectability while the red and blue configuration only impacted detection distance by 3 meters. The investigation did find that these impacts could be overcome with retroreflective vests worn by the officers.
In the second phase, a preference revealed by officers favored the red-blue configuration. They stated that this configuration provided greater comfort for them and less glare to approaching drivers. The study also revealed that the alternative configurations did not impact the operational activities of police authority.Doctor of Philosophy
This project evaluated how lighting, marking and paint schemes on police vehicles affected their visibility and how traffic responded to them. An observational study positioned police vehicles with alternative lighting and markings in simulated traffic stops and patrol locations to evaluate traffic behavior. Camera and radar systems were used to measure the changes in driver speed and when drivers responded to the Move Over law. A second study evaluated how the lighting systems on a police car affect the visibility of an officer at night in a traffic stop scenario. A followup experiment looked into methods for bolstering the visibility of officers at night through conventional implementations such as body worn LED lighting, the use of a retroreflective vest, or by using lighting on the police vehicle's light bar to increase illumination of the police officer. A third study took the findings of the previous experiments and outfitted 64 Virginia State Police vehicles for 18 months. Another 64 Virginia State Police vehicles participated in a control condition where no changes were made to their vehicles. Data collected included the rate of near-misses or crashes and the rates of written citations. Surveys were administered to each participating officer regarding their perception of safety and comfort and allowed their open feedback and suggestions. The lighting systems evaluated included a completely blue lighting system, an enhanced all blue lighting system with twice the light output, a red and blue system, and a single flashing blue beacon. In terms of markings, retroreflective markings along the side of the vehicle, a retroreflective contour line, chevrons on the rear of the vehicle, and unmarked vehicles were evaluated. Finally, a variety of vehicle colors were used to investigate the impact of the base vehicle paint color. The results indicate that both the red and blue lighting system and the high output blue lighting system increase the distance at which drivers moved over significantly. In general, at least 95% of traffic attempted to merge away from an actively lighted police vehicle, when possible. In terms of the speed change, drivers began reducing their speed by approximately 600 m from the police vehicle. Similarly, the addition of retroreflectivity to the rear of the vehicle showed an additional benefit for causing drivers to move over sooner. However, these benefits came at a cost to the officer's visibility. When outside of their vehicle, the high output blue system significantly reduced officer detectability while the red and blue configuration only impacted detection distance by 3 meters. The investigation did find that these impacts could be overcome with retroreflective vests worn by the officers. In the second phase, a preference revealed by officers favored the red-blue configuration. They stated that this configuration provided greater comfort for them and less glare to approaching drivers. The study also revealed that the alternative configurations did not impact the rate of citations.
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Rozell, Diann. "Unintended Outcomes: The Effects of an Entity's Educator Preparation Accreditation on Access to Certification for Individuals of Color." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2832/.
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The purpose of this dissertation was twofold. First, the study sought to determine if the Texas Academic Skills Program (TASP) Reading score predicts success on the Examination for the Certification of Educators in Texas (ExCET). Second, the study addressed the effect on individuals of color of raising the minimum TASP Reading score entrance requirement for admission to teacher preparation programs. Data were collected from the ExCET Office of a Carnegie I metropolitan university. The defined sample consisted of 961 participants who had a TASP Reading score and had taken an Elementary Comprehensive ExCET, an Elementary Professional Development ExCET or a Secondary Professional ExCET between September 1999 and January 2001. Linear Regression, Box Test, Predictive Discriminate Analysis, and frequency distribution tables were used for analyses. This investigation examined the effects of the independent variable of TASP Reading score on the performance of participants on the dependent variable, the ExCET. Four null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance. The TASP Reading score was a statistically significant predictor for success on the Elementary Comprehensive ExCET, Elementary Professional Development ExCET, and the Secondary Professional Development ExCET. However, the Predictive Discriminate Analysis indicated that a TASP Reading score of 220 predicted that no candidates would fail the Elementary Comprehensive ExCET, 6 participants would fail the Elementary Professional Development ExCET and 19 participants would fail the Secondary Professional Development ExCET. Five hypotheses addressed the effect of raising the TASP Reading score to 250. Findings of four hypotheses showed that raising this admission standard would impact the number of individuals of color granted admission to the teacher preparation program. These results call for the recommendation that governing agencies address the impact of state teacher education program accreditation that often results in the policy of relying on the TASP Reading score as one of the primary admission standards for teacher education programs. The unintended outcome of raising the reading admission standard in the anticipation of continued state accreditation is a noticeable loss of candidates of colors, especially African American candidates.
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Teixeira, Rosaní Aparecida Antunes. "Relação entre funções cognitivas e perdas adquiridas na visão de cores de pacientes com esclerose múltipla tipo remitente recorrente." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-05122012-151814/.
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A Esclerose Múltipla (EM) é uma doença inflamatória autoimune caracterizada por desmielinização e degeneração do sistema nervoso central (SNC) duas a três vezes mais frequente em mulheres. A etiologia da EM é dividida em dois subtipos principais: o tipo remitente-recorrente (EMRR) mais comum, caracterizado por dois ou mais episódios de agravamento dos sintomas que envolvem diferentes locais do SNC, separados por pelo menos 1 mês e remisão dos sintomas e o tipo progressivo é a forma menos comum, caracterizada por um contínuo agravamento dos sintomas desde o início geralmente sem recaídas claras ou remissões. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar o comprometimento da visão de cores e de sua relação com perdas de atenção, memória visual imediata, memória visual tardia, memória operacional e funções executivas dos portadores de esclerose múltipla tipo remitente recorrente. Método: participaram 41 pacientes com esclerose múltipla de idades entre 20 e 58 anos (35,4±12,2) e 37 controles com idade (34,7±12,1) e escolaridade semelhante. A discriminação de cores foi avaliada com o Cambridge Colour Test (CCT) e a avaliação de funções neuropsicológicas foram utilizados subtestes da bateria Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery (CANTAB) - Pattern Recognition Memory, Spatial Span, Spatial Recognition Memory, Information Sampling Task, Stop Signal Task e Rapid Information Processing; Escalas de Depressão e Ansiedade de Beck e Escala de Determinação Funcional da Qualidade de vida (DEFU). Resultados: A visão de cores está prejudicada de forma difusa em 24% dos pacientes com esclerose múltipla, tanto em pacientes com histórico de neurite óptica quando em pacientes que não tiveram neurite óptica. Na parte cognitiva, os pacientes demonstraram lentidão em executar as tarefas, comprometimento na atenção, na memória visual de curto e longo prazo, na memória operacional, na memória visuoespacial, além de lentidão no processamento de informações. Há uma relação entre alterações na visão de cores e alterações de memória visual somente em testes em que os estímulos são complexos e com inúmeros detalhesMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by demyelination and central nervous system (CNS) degeneration. It is two times more frequent in women. It can be presented in two subtypes: the relapsing-remitting (RR), most common type, characterized by two or more episodes of focal disorders in different sites of the CNS, and remission of the symptoms; and the progressive subtype, less common, characterized by a continuous worsening of the symptoms, since the beginning, usually with no remissions. The present research evaluated color vision impairment and its relationship to attention loss, short-term memory, long-term memory, working memory and executive function in patients with the relapsing-remitting MS type. Methods: 41 patients with multiple sclerosis (20 to 58 years, 35.4 ± 12.2 in average) and 37 controls matched to age (34.7 ± 12.1 in average) and years of education participated of the study. Color vision was tested using the Cambridge Colour Test (CCT) and the neuropsychological assessment was performed using tests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery (CANTAB) - Pattern Recognition Memory, Spatial Span, Spatial Recognition Memory, Information Sampling Task, Stop Signal Task, Rapid Information Processing the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories and the Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis quality of life instrument. Results: Color vision was diffusely impaired in 24% of the MS patients, with or with no history of optic neuritis. Patients also showed a delay during the tasks execution, impairment in attention, short and long-term visual memory and working memory, and slowness in the information processing. There was a relationship between color vision loss and visual memory impairment, but only in tests with complex and highly detailed stimuli
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Hurley, Rupert A. "The design of a data recorder to test the effects of color contrast on "this side up" pictorial markings on package orientation within UPS ground." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1219863131/.
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Goya, Thiago Tanaka. "Efeitos do treinamento físico na atividade nervosa simpática muscular e desempenho executivo durante o Stroop Color Word Test em indivíduos com apneia obstrutiva do sono." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-23042018-125419/.
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Introdução: Alterações autonômicas e reduzido desempenho cognitivo têm sido reportados em pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS). Estudos anteriores demonstraram que o treinamento físico (TF) reduz a atividade nervosa simpática muscular (ANSM) durante testes que exige maior demanda cognitiva em pacientes obesos e com insuficiência cardíaca. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito do TF na ANSM e no desempenho executivo durante o teste de controle inibitório e sustentação da atenção em pacientes com AOS. Métodos: Trinta e três pacientes com AOS (índice de apneia e hipopneia = 43 ± 5 eventos por hora de sono, idade = 52 ± 1 anos, índice de massa corporal = 30 ± 1 kg/m2) e sem outras comorbidades foram randomizados em grupo não treinado (n = 15) e grupo treinado (n = 18). A ANSM (microneurografia), frequência cardíaca (eletrocardiograma), pressão arterial média (método oscilométrico) foram coletados durante 4 minutos em repouso seguido pela aplicação de 3 minutos do Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT), conhecido como teste de estresse mental. O consumo de oxigênio no pico do exercício (VO2 pico) foi avaliado pela ergoespirometria. O desempenho executivo foi avaliado pelo total de cores corretas faladas durante 3 minutos de SCWT. O TF consistiu de 3 sessões semanais de exercício aeróbio, exercícios resistidos e flexibilidade pelo período 6 meses. Resultados: Os grupos foram semelhantes no início do estudo em relação ao nível de escolaridade, mini exame de estado mental, índice de massa corporal, VO2 pico, fração de ejeção, frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial de repouso e percepção subjetiva de estresse (P > 0,05). O TF aumentou o consumo de oxigênio pico (P < 0,05), reduziu o IAH (P < 0,05), índice de despertares (P < 0,05) e os eventos de dessaturação de O2 durante o sono (P < 0,05). O TF também reduziu a ANSM tanto na condição basal como durante o esforço cognitivo ao longo da aplicação do SCWT (P < 0,05). No período pré e pós dos grupos não treinado e treinado, a frequência cardíaca e pressão arterial média durante o SCWT não diferiu entre os grupos (P > 0,05), entretanto, ambos os grupos apresentaram um aumento significativo (P < 0,05) da frequência cardíaca (nos 3 minutos de SCWT) em relação ao basal e aumento da pressão arterial média (no 2º e 3º minutos de SCWT) em relação ao basal e ao 1º minuto de SCWT. Após a intervenção o grupo treinado obteve maior quantidade de cores corretas faladas durante 3 minutos de SCWT quando comparado ao grupo não treinado (P < 0,05). Conclusões: O TF reduziu a ANSM e melhorou o desempenho executivo durante o teste de SCWT em pacientes com AOS. Estes efeitos estão associados a um menor risco de eventos cardiovasculares, assim como melhor desempenho na realização de tarefas que exijam maior demanda cognitiva nos pacientes com AOS moderada a graveIntroduction: Autonomic alterations and reduced cognitive performance have been reported in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Previous studies have shown that exercise training (ET) reduces muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) during tests that demand greater cognitive demand in obeses and heart failure patients. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of physical training on MSNA and executive performance during the inhibitory control and attention span test in patients with OSA. Methods: Thirty-three patients with OSA (apnea and hyponea índex = 43 ± 5 events per hour of sleep, age = 52 ± 1 years, body mass index = 30 ± 1 kg/m²) and without other comorbidities were randomized into a untrained group (n = 15) and exercise-trained group (n = 18). The MSNA (microneurography), heart rate (electrocardiogram), mean arterial pressure ( oscillometric methods) were collected during 4 minutes at rest followed by the 3-minute application of the Stroop Color Word test (SCWT), known as mental stress test. Oxygen consumption at peak exercise (VO2 peak) was evaluated by ergospirometry. Executive performance was assessed by the total correct colors spoken during 3 minutes of SCWT. The ET consisted of 3 weekly sessions of aerobic exercise, resisted exercises and flexibility for the 6-month period. Results: The groups were similar in relation to level of schooling, mini mental state examination, body mass index, VO2 peak, ejection fraction, heart rate, resting blood pressure and subjective perception of stress (P > 0.05). The ET increased the peak oxygen consumption (P < 0.05), reduced AHI (P < 0.05), arousal index (P < 0.05) and O2 desaturation events (P < 0.05) and weight (P < 0.05). The ET also reduced MSNA both at baseline and during cognitive effort throughout the SCWT application (P < 0.05). Heart rate and mean arterial pressure during SCWT did not differ between groups (P > 0.05); however, both groups showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in heart rate (in the 3 minutes of SCWT) in baseline and increase mean arterial pressure (at the 2nd and 3rd minutes of SCWT) in relation to the baseline and at the 1st minute of SCWT. The exercise-trained group obtained the highest amount of correct colors spoken during 3 minutes of SCWT when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The ET reduces MSNA and improves executive performance during the SCWT test in patients with OSA. These effects are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events, as well as better performance in tasks requiring greater cognitive demand in patients with moderate to severe OSA
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Benkhaled, Imad. "Mise au point d’une chaîne de capture/ restitution stéréoscopique d’images couleurs : application à la conception d’interfaces adaptées aux déficients visuels." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS037/document.
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Les travaux de cette thèse sont menés dans le cadre d’un projet porté par le centre de recherche LGI2P, (IMT Mines Ales). L’objectif final de ce projet vise à permettre le retour à l’emploi et à améliorer le quotidien des personnes malvoyantes atteintes de rétinite pigmentaire et de glaucome. Le dispositif final est conçu pour aider les personnes dans leurs activités en mobilité : détection d’obstacles, recherche d’indices visuels, en adressant les problèmes liés à l’éblouissement et à l’héméralopie dont souffrent ces utilisateurs potentiels.La contribution de cette thèse au projet se situe sur plusieurs plans. Tout d’abord, il était demandé de définir les paramètres caractérisant la vision résiduelle de chaque utilisateur. En effet, chaque patient a ses propres conditions de confort lumineux, qui dépendent en particulier de l’état d’avancement de sa pathologie : à chaque étape de l’évolution de leur maladie, les patients ont des limites spécifiques de luminosité minimale en dessous de laquelle ils ne perçoivent plus les détails dans une scène, et aussi de la luminosité maximale au-dessus de laquelle ils ressentent gêne et douleur. La définition de ces limitations en luminosité va permettre de paramétrer le dispositif et l’adapter à chaque utilisateur. Mais il n’existe pas de méthode pour mesurer ces niveaux de luminance limite. Nous avons donc participé à la conception et au développement de tests dédiés, et à la réalisation d’essais sur des sujets déficients visuels, dans le cadre d’un essai clinique piloté par le CHU de Nîmes et l’ARAMAV (institut spécialisé dans la rééducation fonctionnelle basse vision), pour l’aspect médical. Nous avons également proposé un nouveau test pour mesurer la sensibilité au contraste chromatique, toujours dans le but de mieux adapter les images affichées à la vision des utilisateurs.Nous avons ensuite travaillé sur la mise au point d’un prototype du dispositif (caméras et visiocasque de réalité virtuelle). Pour cela, nous avons dû choisir les équipements de capture et d’affichage d’images. Un travail de calibration colorimétrique sur ces équipements nous permet de relier grandeurs numériques (code RGB) et grandeurs physiques (luminance et chrominance). Cette étape est nécessaire pour réaliser les tests précités dans des conditions physiquement connues. Elle nous permet également de définir les caractéristiques physiques que devront posséder les équipements qui seront choisis pour réaliser le produit final, s’ils sont différents de ceux utilisés pendant nos travaux.Enfin, nous avons abordé la question des traitements à appliquer au signal capturé par la caméra. Nous avons proposé des traitements en temps réel sur la luminosité dans le but d’augmenter la luminosité dans les zones sombres de l’image et de baisser la luminosité dans les zones qui éblouissent le patient. Nous avons montré les limitations de l’imagerie classique et la nécessité de travailler sur des images HDR (high dynamic range) Nous avons comparé plusieurs méthodes pour permettre l’affichage de ces images HDR sur les écrans de plus faible dynamique, en recherchant les caractéristiques de l’image que ces méthodes doivent préserver au mieux, et en prenant en compte les performances visuelles des utilisateurs potentiels. Nous avons aussi proposé des traitements sur la couleur en augmentant le contraste et la saturation pour rendre les images mieux perceptibles par les patients qui souffrent de troubles de vision des couleursThis thesis is part of a project conducted by the LGI2P research center (IMT Mines Ales). The project's final aim is to help people with vision disorders suffering from retinitis pigmentosa and glaucoma get back to work and improve their daily lives. The final device is designed to help people in their mobility activities: detecting obstacles, searching for visual signals, by addressing problems related to dazzling and haemeralopia affecting these potential users.The research of this thesis has several contributions to the project. First of all, parameters characterizing the residual vision of each user had to be defined. Indeed, each patient has his own light comfort conditions, which depend in particular on his pathology's progress: at each stage of the evolution of their disease, patients have specific minimum luminosity limits below which they no longer perceive the details in a scene, and also on the maximum luminosity above which they feel discomfort and pain. The definition of these limitations in luminosity will make it possible to parameterize the device and adapt it to each user. But there is no method to measure these limiting luminance levels. We have therefore participated in the design and development of specialized tests, and in the conduct of trials on visually impaired subjects, as part of a clinical trial led by the Nîmes University Hospital and the ARAMAV (institute specializing in low vision functional rehabilitation), for medical research. We have also proposed a new test to measure sensitivity to chromatic contrast, always with the aim of better adjusting the images displayed to users' vision.Then, we developed a prototype of the device (cameras and virtual reality video headset). In order to achieve these results, we had to choose the image capture and display equipment. A colorimetric calibration work on these equipments allowed us to link digital quantities (RGB code) and physical quantities (luminance and chrominance). This stage is required to perform the above tests under physically known conditions. It also allowed us to define the physical characteristics of the equipment that would be selected to produce the final product, whether they are different from those required during our work.Finally, we discussed the processing to be applied to the signal captured by the camera. We have proposed real-time brightness treatments to increase brightness in dark areas of the image and decrease brightness in areas that dazzle the patient. We have presented the limitations of conventional imaging and the necessity to work on HDR (high dynamic range) images. We have compared several methods to allow the display of these HDR images on screens with lower dynamic range, looking for the image characteristics that these methods should better preserve, and taking into consideration the visual performance of potential users. We have also suggested color treatments by increasing contrast and saturation to make images more perceptible to patients with color vision disorders
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Nehmé, Léa. "Contribution à l'étude du lien entre odeurs et couleurs : effet du lieu de résidence des répondants, des affects associés à l'odeur et de la méthodologie de test employée." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0066/document.
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Ce doctorat a pour objectif de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension du lien, plusieurs fois démontré, entre odeurs et couleurs. Il s’organise en 4 parties correspondant à 4 grandes études réalisées dans différents pays, la France, le Liban et Taiwan, ainsi que dans différentes régions au sein d'un même pays (Liban urbain, Liban rural). La première étude effectuée dans les trois pays avait pour objectif de démontrer l’impact de la culture sur la construction du lien odeurs – couleurs. Les résultats obtenus ont mis en évidence un effet significatif du lieu de résidence des participants sur la construction du lien mais aussi du rôle prépondérant de la « fonction de l'odeur » (alimentaire, cosmétique, industrielle, …). La seconde étude interculturelle entre la France et le Liban s’est intéressée plus spécifiquement à la méthodologie employée pour réaliser les tests odeurs – couleurs. En effet, dans la littérature, deux types de procédures sont généralement employées soit la présentation de couleurs physiques que le participant peut regarder soit l’absence de présentation de couleurs physiques et l’utilisation de noms de teintes (bleu, vert, rouge, …). La comparaison de ces deux méthodes a mis en évidence un effet de la procédure tout aussi important que celui de la culture et de la fonction de l'odeur sur l'association odeur-couleur. Les données ont aussi mis en évidence un réel pouvoir d’évocation olfactive des couleurs. Pour mieux, comprendre ce phénomène, nous avons réalisé une étude en IRMf. Cette troisième étude utilisant l'IRMf a montré que le pouvoir d’évocation olfactive d’arrangements abstraits de couleurs était différent de celui obtenu à partir de représentations visuelles figuratives colorées. Les processus cognitifs mis en œuvre lors d’une évocation olfactive à partir de couleurs sont plus complexes et multimodaux impliquant des processus olfactifs, émotionnels, visio-spatial, du langage ainsi que la mémoire. La dernière partie de ce doctorat s’est intéressé à mieux comprendre comment les processus émotionnels mis en évidence par IRMf pouvaient interférer avec la construction du lien odeurs – couleurs. L’étude a été réalisée en France ainsi que dans deux régions, rurale et urbaine, du Liban. Les résultats ont montré que l'affect associé à une odeur influençait le lien odeurs-couleurs mais surtout, que le choix préférentiel de certains affects était lié à la situation socio-économique et culturel du participant. Cette thèse est donc une contribution à une meilleure compréhension du lien qui unit odeurs et couleurs. Elle en a démontré la complexité avec un effet avéré de la fonction de l’odeur dans le pays, de la méthodologie employée ainsi que du lieu de résidence et du niveau socio-culturel du participant. Elle souligne cependant la nécessité d’une approche multidisciplinaire pour en comprendre encore plus précisément l’ensemble des rouagesThis doctorate aims to contribute to a better understanding of the link, several times demonstrated, between odors and colors. It is organized in 4 parts corresponding to 4 major studies carried out in different countries, France, Lebanon and Taiwan, as well as in different regions within the same country (urban Lebanon, rural Lebanon). The first study carried out in the three countries aimed at demonstrating the impact of culture on the construction of the odor-color link. The results obtained revealed a significant effect of the participants' place of residence on the construction of the link but also the predominant role of the "function of the odor" (food, cosmetics, industrial ...). The second intercultural study between France and Lebanon focused more specifically on the methodology used to carry out odor - color tests. Indeed, in the literature, two types of procedures are generally used: presentation of physical colors that the participant can see or absence of presentation of physical colors and the use of color names (blue, green, red, ...). The comparison of these two methods revealed an equally important effect between the procedure, the culture and the function of the odor on the odor-color association. The data also revealed that colors have the capacity of olfactory evocation. To better understand this phenomenon, we performed an fMRI study. This third study using fMRI showed that the olfactory evocation power of abstract color arrangements was different from that obtained from colored figurative visual representations. The cognitive processes involved in an olfactory evocation from colors arrangement, is more complex and multimodal involving olfactory, emotional, visio-spatial, language and memory processes. The final part of this Ph.D. examined how emotional evidenced by fMRI could interfere with the construction of the odor - color link. The study was carried out in France as well as in two rural and urban areas of Lebanon. The results showed that the affect associated with an odor influenced the odor-color link, but above all, that the preferential choice of certain affects was linked to the socioeconomic and cultural situation of the participant. This thesis is therefore a contribution to a better understanding of the link between odors and colors. It has demonstrated its complexity with a proven effect of the odor function in the country, the methodology used and the place of residence and socio-cultural level of the participant. However, it stresses the need for a multidisciplinary approach to understand even more precisely the whole workings
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Pal, Amrita. "Identification of the Neurobiological Basis of Hemodynamic Responses Correlated with Cognitive Stroop Task Performance After an Acute Bout of Aerobic Exercise." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157584/.
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Cardiovascular activities may increase the brain blood flow improving neuronal activities leading to improved cognition. Consequently, the effects of an acute bout of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on brain hemodynamics and its correlation with cognitive color-word Stroop task performance were tested. The Stroop tasks were congruent (color matches word) and incongruent (color does not match word). Prefrontal (PFC) and motor cortex (MC) blood flow was recorded by fNIRS (functional near-infrared spectroscopy) while the subject was performing the Stroop tasks before and after the 30 minutes of exercise or equivalent time of rest controls (checking for practice effects). Ninety human subjects of age 24± 6, 20 ADHD (attention-deficit hyper-activity disorder), 27 High-BMI (>25), 29 males were recruited. Reaction time ‘RT' decreased (p<0.05) after exercise for both the congruent (12%) and incongruent (10%) Stroop tasks, compared to 8% with practice alone. Accuracy did not change after practice or exercise. HR changes after exercise correlated (p<0.05) with better accuracy and faster RT for the incongruent Stroop task. In general, a metabolic lag occurred in the neuronal deoxy- hemoglobin (Hb) signals behind the systemic oxy-Hb signals. PFC showed the highest effect sizes of Stroop task-responsive systemic hemodynamic changes compared to baseline irrespective of rest or exercise. Yet, PFC showed most significant (p<0.001) neuronal hemodynamic changes between the before and after exercise sessions, and these changes were opposite for right and left PFC, and opposite for congruent and incongruent Stroop tasks. Correlating the RT and mistakes with hemodynamics for both the Stroop tasks revealed that, after exercise, neuronal hemodynamic changes occurred at both PFC and MC associated with faster RT (p<0.05), and systemic hemodynamic responses occurred at PFC correlated (p<0.05) with mistakes. Overall, it was concluded that exercise changed the neuronal hemodynamic changes affecting speed; however, neuronal metabolic changes did not occur sufficiently to help improve accuracy in all subjects.
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Paula, Tamires Corrêa de. "Percepção de mulheres sobre a prevenção do câncer de colo uterino." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/146723.
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Orientador: Maria de Lourdes da Silva Marques FerreiraBanca: Maria José Sanches Marin
Banca: Silvia Franco da R. Tonhom
Resumo: Introdução: O câncer de colo do útero é a terceira neoplasia maligna mais comum entre as mulheres no Brasil. Uma das formas de prevenção, assim como da detecção precoce da doença é iniciada na rede de atenção básica com a realização do exame Papanicolaou. Objetivo: Apreender a percepção de mulheres sobre a prevenção do câncer de colo uterino por meio da citologia oncótica, visando a elaboração de material educativo. Método: Trata se de um estudo com abordagem qualiquantitativo, realizada com vinte mulheres que procuraram uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de um município do interior paulista para realização do exame Papanicolaou. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a entrevista áudio gravada e a análise foi feito por meio do método do discurso do sujeito coletivo (DSC) e sustentado pela representação social. Resultados: Os DSCs foram construídos por meio das falas expressadas pelas participantes e agrupados em três temas, o tema um contemplou a percepção das mulheres em relação ao exame de Papanicolaou que relataram os sentimentos e a vulnerabilidade envolvida no exame, os significados, a falta de conhecimento e as dúvidas em relação ao exame. O tema dois compreendeu a participação e as experiências das mulheres na prevenção do câncer de colo de útero que narraram ter participação ativa em relação a prevenção e a periodicidade do exame. O tema três revela que a participação do serviço público na realização do exame é boa e posto como obrigatória, o desejo da consulta medica com o ginecologista e da ampliação dos dias e horários da coleta foram relatados pelas participantes. Conclusão: Observou-se que as ideias e os pensamentos das mulheres envolvidas neste estudo valorizam e se preocupam com a realização do exame, mais ainda existe falta de conhecimento e dúvidas em relação a prevenção... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Cervical cancer is the third most common malignant neoplasm among women in Brazil. One of the forms of prevention, as well as the early detection of the disease are initiated in the primary care network with the Papanicolaou examination. Purpose: To understand the perception of women about the prevention of cervical cancer through oncotic cytology, aiming at the elaboration of educational material. Method: This was a study with a qualitative approach, performed with twenty women who sought a Basic Health Unit in a city in the interior of São Paulo to perform the Pap smear test. For the data collection the recorded audio interview was used and the analysis was done through the collective subject discourse (DSC) method and sustained by social representation. Results: The CSDs were constructed using the speeches expressed by the participants and grouped into three themes, the theme one considered the perception of women in relation to the Pap smear, which reported the feelings and vulnerability involved in the examination, the meanings, the lack of Knowledge and doubts regarding the examination. Topic two comprised the participation and experiences of women in cervical cancer prevention who reported having an active participation in the prevention and periodicity of the examination. Topic three reveals that the participation of the public service in the accomplishment of the examination is good and it becomes mandatory, the desire of the medical consultation with the gynecologist and the extension of the days and times of the collection were reported by the participants. Conclusion: It was observed that the ideas and thoughts of the women involved in this study value and care about the test, but there is still a lack of knowledge and doubts regarding the prevention of cervical cancer. Product: Understanding the need for educational strategies with the... (Complete abstract electronic access below)
Mestre
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Pereira, Yara Emantne Amaral. "Influencia do choque hemorragico na anastomose de colon sigmoide em ratos : avaliação com teste de resistencia a pressão de ruptura." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308756.
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Orientadores: Claudio Saddy Rodrigues Coy, João Jose FagundesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Introdução: As complicações das anastomoses intestinais podem ser graves com altos índices de morbi/mortalidade. Vários fatores relacionados à qualidade das mesmas têm sido objetos de estudos, como técnica operatória, fios de sutura ou variáveis bioquímicas, enquanto que outros, não associados diretamente à técnica cirúrgica, são menos avaliados, como por exemplo, a influência de choque hemorrágico. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do choque hemorrágico em anastomoses de cólon em ratos, com teste de ruptura à distensão por líquido. Material e Método: Foram utilizados ratos da linhagem Wistar, com idade aproximada de 90 dias e peso variando de 310 gramas a 380 gramas. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, sendo o grupo G1, composto por 10 animais submetidos à anastomose de cólon em condições de normovolemia e o grupo G2, composto por 10 animais submetidos à anastomose de cólon em condições de hipovolemia. O choque foi instalado através da retirada de meio mililitro de sangue a cada dois minutos, até que se atingissem valores de pressão arterial média (PAM) de 50mmHg ou volume total de retirada correspondente a 30% da volemia. Foram realizadas dosagens séricas de lactato (mmol/l) no início do procedimento e ao término do mesmo. Os valores séricos médios de lactato ao término da cirurgia foram de 1,91 mMol/l no grupo G1 e de 3,69 mMol/l no grupo G2 (p<0,05) No quinto dia de pós-operatório, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e tiveram suas anastomoses testadas por teste de resistência à pressão de ruptura à distensão por líquido. Resultados: No grupo G1, o valor médio da pressão de ruptura do cólon à distensão por líquido foi de 160,7 mmHg enquanto que no grupo G2 foi de 152,1mmHg (p>0,05). Conclusão: A presença de choque hemorrágico, nas condições estabelecidas neste estudo, não exerceu influência em anastomoses de cólon em ratos, avaliadas com teste de ruptura à distensão por líquido
Abstract: Introduction: Intestinal anastomoses complications can be very serious, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Several factors related to their quality have been object of studies, such as technical aspects, suture threads or biochemical variables. Others, not directly associated with the surgery technique, are less evaluated, such as the influence of hemorrhagic shock. Objective: Evaluate the effect of hemorrhagic shock in colonic anastomoses in rats, with resistance test to rupture by liquid distension. Methods and Material: Wistar lineage rats, averaging 90 days old and weight varying from 310 to 380 grams were divided into two groups. In the G1 group, 10 animals were submitted to colonic anastomoses in normovolemic terms and the G2 group 10 animals were submitted to colonic anastomoses in hipovolemic conditions. The shock was caused by half milliliter blood withdrawal, done every two minutes, until reached the value of average arterial pressure of 50mmHg or total volume of corresponding withdrawal to 30% of volemia. Serum lactate dosages were carried out at the beginning and at the end of the procedure. The average serum values lactate at the end of the surgery were 1,91 mMol/l in the G1 group and 3,69 mMol/l in the G2 group (p<0,05). On the fifth postoperative day, the animals were submitted to euthanasia. The anastomoses were evaluated with resistance test to rupture by liquid distension. Results: In the G1 group, the average value of colonic rupture was 160,7mmHg whereas in the G2 group was 152,1mmHg (p>0,05). Conclusion: Hemorrhagic shock, in the established conditions of this study, had no influence in colonic anastomosis in rats evaluated with resistance test to rupture by liquid distention
Mestrado
Cirurgia
Mestre em Cirurgia
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Iborra, Bernad María del Consuelo. "Comparison of vacuum treatments and traditional cooking in vegetables using instrumental and sensory analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/32953.
Full textAbstract:
Los objetivos de la presente tesis fueron comparar el efecto de tres técnicas de cocción en
varios vegetales y su selección para cada producto estudiado. Para ello, los trabajos realizados
han considerado los cambios en las propiedades físico-químicas, nutricionales, sensoriales y la
microestructura. Asimismo, como respuesta al reto de aplicar tratamientos equivalentes en
firmeza con diferentes técnicas de cocción se ha propuesto una metodología que combina los
diseños experimentales de superficie respuesta (RSM) con análisis instrumentales y
sensoriales.
Los tratamientos térmicos estudiados fueron la cocción tradicional (TC¿ agua hirviendo a 100
°C) junto con dos tratamientos que utilizan el vacío en el procesado: el cook-vide (CV¿ cocción
a vacío continuo donde los alimentos están en contacto con agua hirviendo a baja presión) y el
sous-vide (SV¿ cocción de alimentos previamente embolsados a vacío donde el alimento está
separado del agua de cocción). Los vegetales objeto de estudio fueron la patata morada
(Solanum tuberosum L. var. Vitelotte), la judía verde (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Estefania), la
zanahoria (Daucus carota L. cv. Nantesa) y la col lombarda (o repollo colorado) (Brassica
oleracea convar. capitata var. capitata f. rubra).
Considerando muestras con firmeza instrumental similar y las propiedades nutricionales y
sensoriales (especialmente aroma y sabor), incluyendo la aceptación del consumidor, se
recomienda la cocción SV para los vegetales estudiados, excepto para la zanahoria. En el caso
de este vegetal el cocinado tradicional (100 °C) mantiene la aceptabilidad del consumidor y
aumenta la extracción de los ß-carotenos por lo que se considera más recomendable que el
SV.Iborra Bernad, MDC. (2013). Comparison of vacuum treatments and traditional cooking in vegetables using instrumental and sensory analysis [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/32953
TESIS
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Branchetti, Simone. "Color Watermarking Techniques for Text-based Media." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22170/.
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The main focus in this thesis is text-based watermarking: that means embedding a secter payload of bits into a text, while keeping the text as unaltered as possible to make it harder to identifiy that a watermark happened at all. Using two Google Workplace add-ons we explore the efficacy, the ease of use and the portability of three structural watermarking techniques: Homoglyph-based watermarking, Space coloring-based watermarking and Grayscale based Watermarking. The latter two are techniques developed specifically for this thesis. Another important focus is the use of the Digital Object Identifer system as another level of protection for a document, using its metadata system like one would a Zero-watermarking technique.
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Meissner, Robert. "Programmierung und Steuerung eines Spektralfotometers." Thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200700306.
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Aufgabe der Studienarbeit ist die Entwicklung einer Software mit grafischer Benutzeroberfläche, welche es ermöglicht, Farbtesttabellen (color test charts) mit Hilfe des Spektralfotometers Spectrolino der Firma X-Rite Incorporated (ehemals GretagMacbeth GmbH) und dem dazugehörigen XY-Tisch SpectroScan zu messen. Das zu schreibende Programm soll standardisierte und auch nicht standardisierte Testtafeln weitgehend automatisch messtechnisch erfassen können.
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Tregear, Stephen James. "Clinical applications of an automated test of colour vision." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296532.
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The early detection of acquired losses of colour vision can provide the ophthalmologist with a very sensitive indicator of visual dysfunction. As a result we have developed and tested an automated, CRT-based, chromatic discrimination system that allows us to measure acquired colour-vision deficits with great precision. This system, known as the Sussex Gratings Machine, can produce chromatic stimuli in any direction in equal luminance colour space. However, we have found that measurements made along a constant MIL-cone axis (Tritan) or a constant S-cone (Red/Green) confusion axis are most useful. Using this system we have investigated acquired colour vision deficits in diabetes ,. and thyroid eye disease. We have shown that tritan discrimination losses can be used to screen for severe diabetic retinopathy and also to predict those who are likely to develop it within 18 months. We have also confirmed that acquired tritan discrimination losses are a very useful indicator of optic-nerve compression in thyroid eye disease.
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Boyles, Samantha Keri. "Children's colour naming and a test of the linguistic relativity hypothesis." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842955/.
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English and Ndonga-speaking Namibian children completed three tasks designed to investigate colour term usage. English children used separate terms for the focal examples of the eleven universal colour categories BLACK, WHITE, RED, GREEN, YELLOW, BLUE, BROWN, PINK, PURPLE, ORANGE and GREY (Berlin and Kay 1969). In contrast, Namibian children used separate terms for just the first six categories, in some cases these terms were extended to examples of the remaining categories but children often responded that they did not know the names of pink and purple colours. Experiments varying in the degree to which naming strategies might be useful, were conducted to test the linguistic relativity hypothesis, that differences in naming are paralleled by differences in performance on cognitive tasks. Four- to seven-year-old children participated in colour-based recognition memory, grouping, odd-one-out and visual search tasks. There was an overall similarity in children's performance, with both groups' responses relating to the perceptual similarity between stimuli. However, significant differences were found in the types of memory confusions made, the stimuli which children grouped together and odd- one-out choices, in each case differences were consistent with the linguistic differences between the groups. The most perceptual of the tasks, visual search, also revealed a significant difference in children's response times when identifying targets in an array of distractors. The results support the linguistic relativity hypothesis and are consistent with both of the accounts of linguistic effects suggested by Davies and Corbett (1997). Children may use explicit naming strategies or effects may be due to the perceptual warping of colour space. The lack of clear age effects and the results of the visual search task support the latter interpretation but further research needs to be conducted to establish whether young children actively use naming strategies during these tasks.
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Liu, Cheng-Chien. "Using SeaWiFS ocean colour data to test a plankton ecosystem model." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343733.
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Peng, Timothy M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Narratarium : real-time context-based sound and color extraction from text." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85469.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 69).
Narratarium is a system that uses English text or voice input, provided either realtime or off-line, to generate context-specific colors and sound effects. It accomplishes this by employing a variety of machine learning approaches, including commonsense reasoning and natural language processing. It can be highly customized to prioritize different performance metrics, most importantly accuracy and latency, and can be used with any tagged sound corpus. The final product allows users to tell a story in an immersive environment that augments the story-telling experience with thematic colors and background sounds. In this thesis, we present the back-end logic that generates best guesses for contextual colors and sound using text input. We evaluate the performance of these algorithms under different configurations, and demonstrate that performance is acceptable for realistic user scenarios. We also discuss Narratarium's overall design.
by Timothy Peng.
M. Eng.
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Canfield, Jeremy. "Drug detection using Eosin Y and cobalt thiocyanate paper assays." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586543403777358.
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Кущ, Віталій Сергійович. "Метод підбору та виявлення впливів релаксуючих картин для коригування психофізіологічного стану людини." Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/39383.
Full textAbstract:
Робота містить 70 сторінок, 25 рисунківта 19 таблиць. Було використано 12 джерел.
Мета роботи: підвищити швидкість та ефективність дослідження та коригування психофізіологічного стану людини за рахунок розробки методу підбору та виявлення впливів релаксуючих картин для коригування психофізіологічного стану людини.
Проведено огляд основних положень проведення досліджень, збору даних та коригування психофізіологічного стану людини. Описано основні проблеми обробки зібраних даних для аналізу, підбору релаксуючих картин та визначено необхідність у розробці методів для підбору та визначення впливів на психофізіологічний стан релаксуючих картин. Запропоновано метод підбору релаксуючих картин для коригування психофізіологічного стану людини на основі нейронних мереж. Застосування запропонованого методу дозволяє подати на вхід набір параметрів: кольорову преференцію, день народжень, суб’єктивні відчуття та отримати на виході релаксуючу картину для проведення сеансів коригування психофізіологічного стану. Запропоновано метод виявлення впливів на психофізіологічний стан людини, який дозволяє, за рахунок гнучкого механізму конфігурації побудови графіків, будувати різноманітні параметри дослідження психофізіологічного стану людини та виявляти їх залежності та впливи на людину. Розроблено програмне забезпечення запропонованих методів підбору та виявлення впливів релаксуючих картин на стан людини, яке збільшує ефективність роботи психологів з дослідження психофізіологічного стану людини, за рахунок швидких та точних обчислень. Розроблено стартап-проект програмного забезпечення та проведено аналіз ринку, потенційних клієнтів, з якого видно, що ринок поки вільний від аналогів такого продукту, але має у ньому потребу.The work contains 70 pages, 25 figures, and 19 tables. 12 sources have been used. Goal: to increase the speed and efficiency of research and adjustment of the psychophysiological state of a person by developing a method of matching and detecting influences of relaxing pictures for human psychophysiological state adjustment. A review of the main provisions of research, data collection, and adjustment of the psychophysiological state of humans. The main problems of processing the collected data for the analysis, matching of relaxing pictures are described and the necessity in the development of methods for matching and detecting influences on a psychophysiological condition of relaxing pictures is defined. A method of matching relaxing pictures for correction of the psychophysiological state of a human on the basis of neural networks is offered. The application of the proposed method allows you to submit a set of parameters: color preference, birthday, favorite color, subjective feelings and get a relaxing picture for sessions to correct the psychophysiological state. A method for detecting influences on the psychophysiological state of a person is proposed, which allows, due to a flexible configuration mechanism for plotting, to build various parameters of research of the psychophysiological state of a person and identify their dependencies and influences on a person. The software of the offered methods of matching and detecting influences of relaxing pictures on a condition of the human which increases the efficiency of work of psychologists on the research of a psychophysiological condition of the person is developed. A software startup project has been developed and an analysis of potential customers and the market has been conducted, which shows that the market is still free from analogs of such a product, but needs it.
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Wilson, John Barry. "Colour vision defects : the development of computer-generated test for their diagnosis." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265365.
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Stokes, Amanda. "Tests of Adaptive Coloration Hypotheses for Madtom (Notorus) Catfishes (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae)." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2003. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/57.
Full textAbstract:
Predators select for defensive adaptations, such as stings, toxins, and camouflage color patterns. Madtoms, Noturus, are diminutive catfishes with dorsal and pectoral stings. Thirteen of the 25 nominal species have serrated spines in the pectoral sting and a contrasting pigment pattern. Behavior of two saddled species, N. miurus and N. hildebrandi, and one uniformly colored species, N. leptacanthus, was investigated to test if the pigment pattern is camouflage. Saddle spacing and crypticity of the saddled species were measured against various substrates and were found to be unevenly spaced, which could be camouflage when viewed against gravel. Given substrate choices, madtoms preferred gravel during daylight conditions. In subsequent experiments, all species were given colored gravel to test color vs. texture-based substrate choice and preferred dark substrates. In the presence of a predator stimulus, madtoms preferred gravel at night and dawn. The pigment pattern likely is camouflage when viewed against gravel substrates.
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Eley, Dikeita N. "Color (Sub)Conscious: African American Women, Authors, and the Color Line in Their Literature." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1486.
Full textAbstract:
Color (sub)Conscious explores the African American female's experience with colorism. Divided into three distinct sections. The first section is a literary analysis of such works as Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye, Gloria Naylor's The Women of Brewster Place, Maya Angelou's I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings and Alice Walker's "If the Present Looks Like the Past, What Does the Future Look Like?" an essay from her collection In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens. The second section is a research project based on data gathered from 12 African American females willing to share their own experiences and insights on colorism. The final section is a creative non-fiction piece of the author's own personal pain growing up and living with the lasting effects of colorism.
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Jofré, Romeo Edén. "Autismo y visión de color: diseño experimental de un instrumento para detectar deficiencias de visión color en niños del espectro autista no verbal." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/143528.
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FARIAS, Letícia Miquilini de Arruda. "Correlação entre parâmetros estimados pelos testes Colour Assessment and Diagnosis e Cambridge Colour Test na avaliação da discriminação de cores." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/6587.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
UFPA - Universidade Federal do Pará
FAPESPA - Fundação Amazônia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas
Os testes Colour Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) e Cambridge Colour Test (CCT) têm sido amplamente utilizados em pesquisas básicas e clínicas, devido à alta sensibilidade e especificidade de seus resultados. Estes testes utilizam diferentes paradigmas de estimulação para estimar os limiares de discriminação de cor. Pouco se sabe sobre a relação de cada paradigma na avaliação da discriminação de cor nesses testes. Sendo assim, este trabalho objetiva comparar os parâmetros de avaliação da discriminação de cor estimados pelos testes CAD e CCT em sujeitos tricromatas e com discromatopsia congênita. Foram avaliados 59 sujeitos tricromatas e 38 sujeitos discromatópsicos (16 protans, 22 deutans) com idade média de 26,32 ± 8,9 anos. Foram testados 66 sujeitos nos testes CAD e CCT, 29 sujeitos no teste CAD e 2 sujeitos no teste CCT. O fenótipo da visão de cores de todos os sujeitos foi determinado através de uma bateria de testes psicofísicos e a estimativa dos limiares de discriminação de cor foi avaliada pelos testes CAD e CCT. Os dados de limiares de discriminação de cor foram ajustados a funções de elipse. Os critérios analisados para cada sujeito foram: a área da elipse, o ângulo de rotação e tamanho dos vetores protan, deutan e tritan. Para cada um dos parâmetros foi realizada: estatística descritiva, análise da dispersão dos parâmetros entre os testes CAD e CCT e dos parâmetros em conjunto, razão entre os parâmetros, correlação dos parâmetros a três modelos matemáticos e análise de concordância. Os parâmetros de área e tamanho dos vetores deutan e tritan do subgrupo tricromata; área e tamanho do vetor tritan do subgrupo protan; e tamanho dos vetores protan e tritan do subgrupo deutan apresentaram equivalência entre os resultados de ambos os testes. Os parâmetros de área, ângulo de rotação e tamanho dos vetores protan e tritan apresentaram concordância de medidas entre os testes CAD e CCT. Fatores como as localizações distintas das coordenadas centrais dos testes CAD e CCT e a disposição espacial dos vetores no espaço de cor da CIE 1976 no teste CCT podem ter influenciado na determinação de limiares de discriminação cromática de ambos os testes. Apesar de utilizarem paradigmas distintos na configuração da estimulação, os testes CAD e CCT são equiparáveis.
The Colour Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) and Cambridge Colour Test (CCT) tests are widely used in basic and clinic researches, because of high sensibility and specificity of your results. These tests use distinct paradigms of stimulation to estimate the color discrimination thresholds. It is not well known about the relationship of results of each paradigm in the evaluation of color discrimination in these tests. So, the present study aimed to compare the parameters of evaluation of color discrimination estimated from CAD and CCT tests. Fifty-nine trichromat subjects and thirty eight subjects with congenital dyschromatopsia (16 protans, 22 deutans) with mean age of 26,32 ±8,9 years-old were evaluated. 66 subjects were tested in CAD and CCT tests, 29 subjects in the CAD test and 2 subjects in the CCT test. The color vision phenotype of all subjects was determined through a battery of psychophysical tests and the estimative of color discrimination thresholds was evaluated by CAD and CCT tests. The data of color discrimination thresholds was fitted ellipses. The criteria analyzed to each subject were: area of the ellipses, angle of rotation of the ellipses and size of protan, deutan and tritan vectors. For each one of parameters was realized: descriptive statistic, analysis of dispersion of parameters between CAD e CCT tests and the combination of these parameters in each test, ratio between the parameters, correlation of parameters to three mathematical models and analysis of agreement. The parameters of area and size of deutan and tritan vectors of trichromat subgroup, area and size of tritan vector of protan subgroup, and size of protan and tritan vectors of deutan subgroup exhibited equivalence between the results of both tests. The parameters of area, angle of rotation and size of protan and tritan vectors showed agreement of measures between your results. Factors as the distincts localizations of neutral points of CAD and CCT tests and the spatial arrangement of the vectors in the CIE 1976 color space in the CCT test may have influenced the determination of chromatic discrimination thresholds of both tests. Despite using distinct paradigms in configuration of stimulation, the tests CAD and CCT are comparable.
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Ong, Gek-Lim. "Instrumentation for automated contrast-sensitivity and colour-vision tests." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270712.
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Sebok, Angelia L. "Effects of color CRT misconvergence and font type on text readability and subjective preference." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10312009-020039/.
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Williams, Jennifer C. "Colour-singlet exchange and tests of models of diffractive DIS." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342246.
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Grewal, B. S. "Chromaphilia in dementia : Psychological factors contributing to colour influence in diagnostic tests." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377424.
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D'Angelo, John J. "A Study of the Relationship Between the Use of Color for Text in Computer Screen Design and the Age of the Computer User." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc663711/.
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This study addresses an individual's performance, relating it to eyesight changes due to the aging of the individual and to color computer screens used for computer-based-instruction not designed specifically for older students.
This study determines how existing research in gerontology, human-computer interface, and color use in visual graphics can be applied to the design of computer screen displays containing color text and backgrounds and how various color combinations will affect performance by adult learners forty years of age and older.
The results of this research provide software developers and instructional designers guidelines to use when designing computer screen displays for use in instructional computing settings involving older adults.
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Henriques, Leonardo Dutra. "Avaliação de visão de cores em um indivíduo albino de Sapajus sp (Cebus sp)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-21112013-160538/.
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O albinismo é um conjunto de alterações fenotípicas caracterizadas pela incapacidade de produzir melanina, fazendo com que a pigmentação de alguns órgãos seja reduzida ou ausente. Discutem-se quais efeitos esta redução ou ausência de pigmentação, na retina, poderia ter sobre a capacidade visual do indivíduo. A visão de cores apresenta um papel muito importante para a sobrevivência e desenvolvimento de primatas. A capacidade de discriminar visualmente o alvo de um fundo apenas pela diferença de matiz pode ser o diferencial tanto para a busca de alimentos, como para a fuga de predadores. Estudos sobre a visão de cores auxiliam a fazer inferências sobre suas bases biológicas e utilidade funcional. Pretendeu-se com esse estudo elucidar a discriminação de cores de um indivíduo albino de Sapajus sp, por meio de uma avaliação psicofísica utilizando-se de uma versão modificada do teste computadorizado Cambridge Colour Test (CCT), e uma análise genética de DNA, para identificar os genes que codificam as opsinas. Os arranjos genótipo/fenótipo inferidos do indivíduo a partir das elipses foram comparados à composição dos genes que codificam opsina, obtida por análise independente de DNA. Buscou-se, assim, identificar possíveis prejuízos à visão de cores causados pelo albinismo, em relação a Sapajus normais. Apesar dos vários problemas decorrentes do albinismo, o sujeito experimental aprendeu a tarefa com sucesso e apresentou, nos testes, limiares de discriminação de cores característicos de dicromacia do tipo deuterânope com valores dentro dos esperados para o gênero Sapajus. Os resultados comportamentais foram condizentes com o fenótipo inferido a partir da análise genéticaSão Paulo Albinism is a set of phenotypic traits, characterized by the inability to produce melanin, that way the pigmentation of some organs are either reduced or absent. There is no consent on what effects this lower or none pigmentation on retina could lead on subject vision. The color vision represents a major role on primates survival and development. The capacity of visually discriminate targets only by hue differences from the background can be used either to search for food or to avoid predators. Studies on color vision help to make inference on their biological bases and functional utility. This study aimed to elucidate the color vision discrimination of an albino subject of Sapajus sp, through a psychophysical evaluation using a modified version of Cambridge Colour Test (CCT) and a genetic analyses of DNA in order to identify genes that codify the opsin. The correlation between genotype and phenotype were inferred by comparison between discrimination ellipses and genetic composition of genes that code opsin. Thus seeking to identify possible color vision losses caused by albinism comparing those analyses with healthy Sapajus. Despite many problems associated to albinism, the test subject successfully learn the task and his test showed color discrimination thresholds of a deuteranope dichromacy with values within the expected to subjects of Sapajus genera. Those behavioral results where consistent with the phenotype predicted by the genetic analyses
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Karatzas, Dimosthenis A. "Text segmentation in web images using colour perception and topological features." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2003. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/263525/.
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The research presented in this thesis addresses the problem of Text Segmentation in Web images. Text is routinely created in image form (headers, banners etc.) on Web pages, as an attempt to overcome the stylistic limitations of HTML. This text however, has a potentially high semantic value in terms of indexing and searching for the corresponding Web pages. As current search engine technology does not allow for text extraction and recognition in images, the text in image form is ignored. Moreover, it is desirable to obtain a uniform representation of all visible text of a Web page (for applications such as voice browsing or automated content analysis). This thesis presents two methods for text segmentation in Web images using colour perception and topological features. The nature of Web images and the implicit problems to text segmentation are described, and a study is performed to assess the magnitude of the problem and establish the need for automated text segmentation methods. Two segmentation methods are subsequently presented: the Split-and-Merge segmentation method and the Fuzzy segmentation method. Although approached in a distinctly different way in each method, the safe assumption that a human being should be able to read the text in any given Web Image is the foundation of both methods’ reasoning. This anthropocentric character of the methods along with the use of topological features of connected components, comprise the underlying working principles of the methods. An approach for classifying the connected components resulting from the segmentation methods as either characters or parts of the background is also presented.
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Fong, Yuen, and 方圓. "A systematic review of factors influencing the uptake of screening for colorectal cancer using a faecal occult blood test." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193837.
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Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers with high morbidity and mortality among both genders and yet it carries a better prognosis when detected early. Colorectal cancer screening using faecal occult blood test (FOBT) is proven to be cost-effective, however worldwide FOBT uptake rate is suboptimal which directly affects the cost-effectiveness of the screening program. Identifying those factors that influence the uptake of colorectal cancer screening using FOBT will allow implementation of relevant measures when planning a population based screening program.
Methods
A structured electronic search using PubMed and Medline was conducted in order to identify studies that included factors influencing the uptake of CRC screening by using FOBT. Qualities of included studies were assessed by quality assessment checklist STROBE.
Results
Factors that contributed to the low uptake rate of CRC screening by FOBT were identified and summarized. They were broadly divided into 3 groups.
Demographic factors: age, gender, social economic status, insurance status and education, for ethnicity, employment status and obesity further studies in the future may be needed.
Subject factors: subject’s attitudes and knowledge towards CRC screening, type of FOBT screening, health concerned behavior, frequency of clinical visit and physiciancomment.
Provider factors: health care system factor and physicians’ factors.
Conclusion
Different factors, in particular those factors that were associated with low FOBT uptake rate in CRC screening, were reviewed and summarized in this paper. With the continuous effort from worldwide as well as local investigators, timely measures can be implemented to tackle this deathly disease and to ensure cost effectiveness of a screening program.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Paula, Tamires Corrêa [UNESP]. "Percepção de mulheres sobre a prevenção do câncer de colo uterino." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/146723.
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Introdução: O câncer de colo do útero é a terceira neoplasia maligna mais comum entre as mulheres no Brasil. Uma das formas de prevenção, assim como da detecção precoce da doença é iniciada na rede de atenção básica com a realização do exame Papanicolaou. Objetivo: Apreender a percepção de mulheres sobre a prevenção do câncer de colo uterino por meio da citologia oncótica, visando a elaboração de material educativo. Método: Trata se de um estudo com abordagem qualiquantitativo, realizada com vinte mulheres que procuraram uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de um município do interior paulista para realização do exame Papanicolaou. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a entrevista áudio gravada e a análise foi feito por meio do método do discurso do sujeito coletivo (DSC) e sustentado pela representação social. Resultados: Os DSCs foram construídos por meio das falas expressadas pelas participantes e agrupados em três temas, o tema um contemplou a percepção das mulheres em relação ao exame de Papanicolaou que relataram os sentimentos e a vulnerabilidade envolvida no exame, os significados, a falta de conhecimento e as dúvidas em relação ao exame. O tema dois compreendeu a participação e as experiências das mulheres na prevenção do câncer de colo de útero que narraram ter participação ativa em relação a prevenção e a periodicidade do exame. O tema três revela que a participação do serviço público na realização do exame é boa e posto como obrigatória, o desejo da consulta medica com o ginecologista e da ampliação dos dias e horários da coleta foram relatados pelas participantes. Conclusão: Observou-se que as ideias e os pensamentos das mulheres envolvidas neste estudo valorizam e se preocupam com a realização do exame, mais ainda existe falta de conhecimento e dúvidas em relação a prevenção do câncer do colo de útero. Produto: Compreendendo a necessidade de estratégias educativas com o intuito de agregar a essas mulheres como membros ativos de sua saúde e tendo em vista os resultados obtidos por meio do universo das falas das participantes foi elaborado um material educativo em formato eletrônico – Ebook que ficará disponível na internet com acesso gratuito, ilustrado em história em quadrinhos com as principais dúvidas e informações apreendidas nos discursos dessas mulheres sobre do exame de Papanicolaou.
Introduction: Cervical cancer is the third most common malignant neoplasm among women in Brazil. One of the forms of prevention, as well as the early detection of the disease are initiated in the primary care network with the Papanicolaou examination. Purpose: To understand the perception of women about the prevention of cervical cancer through oncotic cytology, aiming at the elaboration of educational material. Method: This was a study with a qualitative approach, performed with twenty women who sought a Basic Health Unit in a city in the interior of São Paulo to perform the Pap smear test. For the data collection the recorded audio interview was used and the analysis was done through the collective subject discourse (DSC) method and sustained by social representation. Results: The CSDs were constructed using the speeches expressed by the participants and grouped into three themes, the theme one considered the perception of women in relation to the Pap smear, which reported the feelings and vulnerability involved in the examination, the meanings, the lack of Knowledge and doubts regarding the examination. Topic two comprised the participation and experiences of women in cervical cancer prevention who reported having an active participation in the prevention and periodicity of the examination. Topic three reveals that the participation of the public service in the accomplishment of the examination is good and it becomes mandatory, the desire of the medical consultation with the gynecologist and the extension of the days and times of the collection were reported by the participants. Conclusion: It was observed that the ideas and thoughts of the women involved in this study value and care about the test, but there is still a lack of knowledge and doubts regarding the prevention of cervical cancer. Product: Understanding the need for educational strategies with the purpose of adding these women as active members of their health and taking into account the results obtained through the universe of the participants' speeches, an educational material in electronic format was prepared - Ebook that will be available On the Internet with free access, illustrated in comic books with the main doubts and information seized in the speeches of these women about the Papanicolaou exam.
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Škvařil, Michael. "Zjišťování trvanlivosti deskových modulárních prvků v různých prostředích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409772.
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Within the theoretical part of the diploma thesis, a list of the main types of accelerated tests designed for the resistance of metal and polymer surface finishes. In the experimental part of diploma thesis, the rate of biological resistance of wood-based board materials is evaluated. Furthermore, the resistance of coating systems is assessed by means of accelerated tests. Resistance of modular building shells is primarily focused on degradation of coatings applied primarily on metal materials and wood materials. The tested coating systems analyze the influence of the materials and chemical base on the final weather resistance.
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Paula, Priscila Fontenele de. "Adaptação transcultural da Health belief model scale for cervical cancer and pap smear test para uso no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/15554.
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PAULA, Priscila Fontenele de. Adaptação transcultural da Health belief model scale for cervical cancer and pap smear test para uso no Brasil. 2014. Dissertação (Mestrado em Enfermagem) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2014.Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2016-03-17T16:28:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_pfpaula.pdf: 3752354 bytes, checksum: ea95dcadb5b7864509a63587b0adfa9b (MD5)
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The objective of this study was to realize the cros s-cultural adaptation of the Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test for use in Brazil and verify the validation of the content of Brazilian version tran slated. This is a methodological study for the cross-cultural adaptation and five steps were stric tly implemented: initial translation, synthesis of translations, retranslation, review by an expert committee and pretest. The sample of participants of these steps was selected accordi ng to the criteria established by the methodological framework used, which were: four tra nslators, a mediator and six judges. In carrying out the pre-test, which took place at the Center of Natural Birth Ligia Barros Costa and Campus do Pici of Federal University of Ceará P ici in September 2014, was interviewed 40 women of different educational levels using the pre-final version of scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The final version o f the content validity was assessed by the Content Validity Index from the judgment of ten exp ert judges, selected from their teaching experiences, research and/or assistance in Women's Health. The data relating to the stages of adaptation were organized in the form of tables and analyzed descriptively. The demographic data of the pre-test and those resulting from conte nt validation were compiled in an electronic spreadsheet of software Statistical Package for Soc ial Sciences, version 20.0. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Fe deral University of Ceará, in the number 562.699/2014. Both versions produced in step I of i nitial translation, in general, did not show large differences in translation. Step II was perfo rmed after evaluation of translated versions with discussion of the formulation of the items, re sulting in total agreement by the researcher and mediator on the synthesis of the translations. In the retranslation of the synthesis version back into English language showed that the resultin g versions of this stage demonstrated no major differences from the original version of the instrument, being consistent, and explaining the quality of the synthesis version in Brazilian P ortuguese. From the evaluation of semantic, idiomatic, experimental and conceptual by the judg es, eleven items were modified after the suggestions made, resulting in a pre-final version of the scale applied in the pre-test. Four items had not fully understanding after women’s eva luation, and they were modified according to the suggestions of the same. After all the changes made in the scale it was obtained the final version of the instrument adapte d to the cultural context of Brazil. The Content Validity Index, calculated from the evaluat ions of the contents of judges, was 0,82 and the individual values of the items ranged from 0,80 to 1, being properly considered a valid content. No items were eliminated, however fo ur were allocated to health motivation domain by unanimous decision. It can be concluded t hat all the rigor used in this study guaranteed the obtainment of an instrument that was equivalent to the original version with a good understanding and clarity among items and an a ppropriate content validity index.
Objetivou-se realizar a adaptação transcultural da Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test para uso no Brasil e validar o conteúdo da versão brasileira do instrumento traduzido. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico, que para a adaptação transcultural, percorreu rigorosamente cinco etapas: tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, retradução, revisão por um comitê de juízes e pré-teste. Os participantes dessas etapas foram selecionados obedecendo aos critérios estabelecidos pelo referencial metodológico, quais sejam: quatro tradutores, um mediador e seis juízes. Na realização do pré-teste, ocorrida no Centro de Parto Natural Ligia Barros Costa e Campus do Pici da Universidade Federal do Ceará no mês de setembro de 2014, entrevistou-se 40 mulheres, de diferentes níveis de escolaridade, utilizando-se a versão pré-final da escala e um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica. A validação de conteúdo da versão final foi aferida pelo Índice de Validação de Conteúdo, a partir do julgamento de dez juízes especialistas, selecionados a partir das experiências de ensino, pesquisa e/ou assistência em Saúde da Mulher. Os dados referentes às etapas de adaptação foram organizados na forma de quadros e analisados descritivamente. Os dados sociodemográficos do pré-teste e os resultantes da validação de conteúdo foram analisados no software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versão 20.0. O estudo foi aprovado no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Ceará. As duas versões produzidas na tradução inicial, em geral, não apresentaram grandes diferenças de tradução. A segunda etapa foi realizada após avaliação das versões traduzidas com discussão quanto à formulação dos itens da versão síntese, obtendo-se total concordância por parte da pesquisadora e mediador. Na retradução da versão síntese de volta ao idioma inglês evidenciou-se que as versões resultantes desta etapa não apresentaram grandes divergências em relação à versão original do instrumento, mostrando-se coerentes, explicitando assim a qualidade da versão síntese no português brasileiro. A partir da avaliação das equivalências semântica, idiomática, experimental e conceitual pelos juízes, onze itens foram modificados após as sugestões realizadas, resultando em uma versão pré-final da escala, aplicada no pré-teste. Quatro itens não apresentaram total compreensão após avaliação das mulheres, sendo modificados segundo as sugestões das mesmas. Após todas as modificações realizadas na escala, obteve-se a versão final do instrumento adaptado ao contexto cultural brasileiro. O Índice de Validação de Conteúdo, calculado a partir das avaliações dos juízes de conteúdo, foi de 0,82 e os valores individuais dos itens variaram de 0,80 a 1, sendo considerado adequadamente válido em conteúdo. Nenhum item foi eliminado, porém, quatro foram alocados ao domínio motivação em saúde por decisão unânime dos juízes. Pode-se concluir que todo o rigor adotado neste estudo garantiu a obtenção de um instrumento que se mostrou equivalente à versão original, apresentando boa compreensão e clareza entre os itens, além de um adequado índice de validação de conteúdo.
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Giehl, John Anthony. "The effect of visual warm-up tasks upon Rorschach color responses of incarcerated male delinquents." Scholarly Commons, 1992. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2945.
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This study investigated the relationship between two warm-up interventions and subsequent Rorschach Inkblot Technique color responses from incarcerated wards of the California Youth Authority. The intent was to generate a greater number of color responses so as to better evaluate the delinquent's method of handling emotional situations. The experimental group's thirty subjects each worked individually with the examiner on the chromatic materials of the Representational Stencils Design (RSD) task. Each subject was then administered the Rorschach Inkblots. The control group's thirty subjects worked individually with the examiner on the achromatic materials of the Organization of The Dots (OTD) task; then each subject received administration of the Rorschach. The research hypotheses, in null form, stated that there would be no significant differences between groups: (1) in total number of responses, (2) in total number of color responses, (3) in the number and distribution of impulsive (CF + C) and controlled (FC) color responses. Four t-tests, using the.05 level that findings were due to chance, analyzed comparison of mean differences between groups. Two chi-squares were conducted at the.05 level to compare the number and distribution of color and non-color responses and the number and distribution of impulsive and controlled color responses between groups. The experimental RSD group did produce a statistically greater number and proportion of controlled color responses than did the control OTD group. There was no significant difference between groups in total number of responses, neither in total number of color responses nor in number of impulsive color responses. This is meaningful in light of Rorschach's color/emotion construct which suggests that the way one manages color response on the cards also reflects how one handles emotional situations. Therein, delinquents within the experimental group appeared to have processed color within a better integrated, more mature, reflective response style.