Academic literature on the topic 'Color fading'
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Journal articles on the topic "Color fading"
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Zhang, Runzhe, Eric Maggard, Yousun Bang, Minki Cho, Mark Shaw, and Jan Allebach. "Color Text Fading Detection." Electronic Imaging 2021, no. 16 (January 18, 2021): 253–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.16.color-253.
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The text fading defect is one of the most common defects in electrophotographic printers; and it dramatically affects print quality. It usually appears in a significant symbol Region of Interest (ROI), easily noticed by a user on his or her print. We can detect text fading by the density reduction for the black and white printed symbol ROI. It is difficult to detect the color text fading only by density reduction, because the depleted cartridge may only cause the color distortion without density reduction in the color printed symbol ROI. In our previous work with print quality defects analysis, the text fading detection method only works for black text fading defect detection [1]. Our new text fading method can detect the color text fading defect and predict the depleted cartridge. In this new text fading detection method, we use whole page image registration and the median threshold bitmap (MTB) matching method to align the text characters between the master and test symbol ROIs, because with the aligned text characters, it is easy to extract the difference between the master and the test text characters to detect the text fading defect. We use a support vector machine classifier to assign a rank to the overall quality of the printed page. We also use the gap statistic method with the K-means clustering algorithm to extract the different text characters’ different colors to predict the depleted cartridge.
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DONAHEY, JOHN W., and RALSTON RUSSELL. "Color Fading of Underglaze Decalcomania." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 33, no. 9 (June 2, 2006): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1950.tb12799.x.
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Hasan, Md Zahid. "A New Approach for Surface Ornamentation of Denim Fabric." AATCC Journal of Research 7, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.7.3.2.
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Fading increases the aesthetic properties of garments produced from denim fabrics. Different fading processes (e.g., laser fading, hand sand brushing, and potassium permanganate (PP) spraying) are applied on denim fabric to modify fabric appearance. A new approach was developed using gamma irradiation prior to the fading process. A design was produced using a CO2 laser for 130 μs. The same design was produced by hand sand brushing and PP spraying. Physical, mechanical, color, and other aesthetic properties were tested, including fabric grams per square meter (GSM), fastness to rubbing and abrasion resistance, tensile and tearing strength, color change (ΔE) values, yellowness index (YI), and color strength (K/S).
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Saito, Masako, Chizuyo Minemura, Naomi Nanashima, and Maresuke Kashiwagi. "Color Fading Behavior of Anthraquinone Dyes Due to Environmental Conditions." Textile Research Journal 58, no. 8 (August 1988): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805800804.
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The color fading behavior of natural anthraquinone dyes due to environmental condition has been investigated. The results show that the chemical nature of the substrate fibers determines the direction of the light fading reaction involved. The extent of the color fading of those dyes under light irradiation is clearly related to the oxidation index of each dye for cellulosic fibers, whereas a different mechanism operates for proteinaceous fibers.
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Hofmann, Manfred, and Rita Hofmann-Sievert. "Spectral Light Fading of Inkjet Prints." Heritage 5, no. 4 (December 9, 2022): 4061–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5040209.
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(1) Background: The use of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting is increasingly replacing traditional light sources in museums. There is a need to anticipate the damage caused by LED lighting to photographic prints. The aim of this study is to quantitatively predict fading on three inkjet color patches exposed to different white light LED; (2) Method: The novel approach of this work is to measure the wavelength-dependent photochemical efficiency on color patches using a narrow band LED. First, the color patches are exposed to narrow band LED lamps in a proprietary light chamber. Sensitivity curves are obtained by plotting the density changes caused by narrow band exposure as a function of the exposure. In the second step, action spectra are derived from the slopes of the sensitivity curves. The action spectra correspond to the rates of change of a color patch to exposure with different wavelengths of light. In the third step, the narrow band light emissions are fitted to the emission spectra of the white LED of interest. The fitting factors are used to calculate the weighted sum of the density changes; (3) The method predicts the absolute density change of color patches for several white light LED exposures.
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Xiao, Zuguang, Shaoyuan Xu, Eric Maggard, Katie Morse, Mark Shaw, and Jan Allebach. "Detection of Color Fading in Printed Customer Content." Electronic Imaging 2018, no. 16 (January 28, 2018): 297–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2018.16.color-297.
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Liu, Xiang. "Preventing Color Fading in Artist’s Oil Paintings Based on Nano-PZT Ferroelectric Thin Film." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (September 22, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3649857.
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Due to the excellent electrical properties, stable temperature characteristics, and abundant material systems of ferroelectric thin film materials, in recent years, ferroelectric devices based on silicon technology have been used in microelectronic mechanical systems, new energy photovoltaics, especially nonvolatile memory and other fields. During the preservation of the artist’s oil painting works, the temperature change will directly cause the physical effects of thermal expansion and contraction of the oil painting and the chemical reaction speed of the material in nature. Therefore, it is of great significance to introduce the technology of nano-PZT ferroelectric thin film into oil paintings to prevent fading. This article aims to study the research on preventing fading of the artist’s oil paintings based on nano-PZT ferroelectric thin films and analyze the characteristics of ferroelectric materials, the application of ferroelectric films, the preparation methods of ferroelectric films, and the basis of the main environmental factors that affect the fading of oil paintings. In the above, we studied the fading process of different concentrations of oil paints under simulated sunlight aging and the effect of different concentrations and thicknesses of PZT ferroelectric thin films coated with nano-TiO2 coatings on the color stability of oil paints. The experimental results show that after five times of simulated solar aging for the four concentrations, the total color difference △E: 0.05% group is the largest, 0.4% group is the smallest, the higher the oil paint concentration, the smaller the color difference, the better the color stability, and the antisimulation of sunlight fading.
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Wirtz, Marcel, Andreas Grüter, Philipp Rebmann, Tobias Dier, Dietrich A. Volmer, Volker Huch, and Gregor Jung. "Two-color emissive probes for click reactions." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 84 (2014): 12694–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc05288a.
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CuAAC is visualized using a BODIPY reaction system by the bathochromic shift of the fluorescence wavelength in ensemble and microscopy experiments. Reaction progress is correlated with chromophore elongation fading out disturbing background fluorescence.
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Mahapatra, Niharendu, and Mintu Halder. "Facile reversible LSPR tuning through additive-induced self-aggregation and dissemination of Ag NPs: role of cyclodextrins and surfactants." RSC Adv. 4, no. 36 (2014): 18724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra01523a.
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An easy and economical protocol for the reversible LSPR tuning of Ag NPs through cyclodextrin-induced self-aggregation and color fading, followed by surfactant-induced dissemination of self-assembly and consequent color reappearance.
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MIKI, Katsuo, Kazutoshi ABE, and Gorou NAGAO. "Color Change and Fading of Atomotive Coating Film." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 58, no. 10 (1985): 608–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.58.608.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Color fading"
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Steyn, Willem J. (Willem Jacobus). "Red colour development and loss in pear fruit." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53569.
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Thesis (PhD (Agric))--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Downgrading of fruit due to insufficient red colour has limited the profitability of lucrative blushed pear cultivars (Pyrus communis L.). In 'Rosemarie', poor fruit colour has been ascribed to pre-harvest red colour loss during periods of high temperature. The regulation of colour development in pears has not been studied and, in addition, little is known about anthocyanin degradation in attached fruit. Changes in colour were recorded and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and UDPGalactose: flavonoid-3-0-glycosyltransferase (UFGT) activities assessed in response to cold fronts and during fruit development in order to establish the regulation of colour development in red and blushed pear cultivars. Best red colour was generally attained a month or more before harvest whereafter red colour faded towards harvest. Unlike in some other fruits, UFGT activity apparently did not limit colour development whereas fading of red colour towards harvest might relate to decreasing PAL activity. 'Rosemarie' colour fluctuated considerably, increasing with cold fronts and decreasing during intermittent warmer periods, while red colour was more stable in other cultivars. PAL and UFGT activities in 'Rosemarie' increased in response to low temperatures, but were unaffected in 'Bon Rouge'. We concluded that anthocyanin synthesis in 'Rosemarie' requires low temperatures while colour development in 'Bon Rouge' and probably also other cultivars is primarily regulated by endogenous factors. Detached pome fruit were used to study temperature and light effects on anthocyanin degradation and fruit colour and to assess the modifying effect of anthocyanin concentration on colour loss. Anthocyanin degradation and red colour loss increased linearly between 10°C and 30°C. Irradiation further increased the rate of degradation and colour loss. The rate of colour loss depended on anthocyanin concentration, being much faster in fruit with high compared to fruit with low pigment levels. This was ascribed to the exponential relationship between anthocyanin concentration and hue at high pigment levels and the linear relationship at lower pigment levels. Anthocyanin degradation and pre-harvest red colour loss in 'Rosemarie' was quantitatively confirmed and corresponded with a warm period during fruit development. Based on these data, we attributed the susceptibility of 'Rosemarie' to pre-harvest colour loss to low anthocyanin concentrations in its peel that allow the visualisation of net anthocyanin degradation at high temperatures. Overhead evaporative cooling (EG) as measure to improve red colour in blushed pears was evaluated. 'Rosemarie' fruit that received pulsed EG applications from two weeks before harvest at air temperatures exceeding 28°G were redder than control fruit at harvest. EG had no effect on 'Forelle' colour. Though EG could be used to improve 'Rosemarie' fruit colour in warm production areas, its effect was relatively small compared to colour change in response to temperature. Lastly, we assessed the photoprotective function of anthocyanin in pear peel. Photoinhibition was evident in exposed faces of pears under natural conditions. The extent of photoinhibition increased with decreasing redness of peel and was maintained after photoinhibitory treatment. Although anthocyanin was apparently able to afford photoprotection at 40oG, we argued against this as a general function. There were indications that photoprotection was associated, but not necessarily due to light attenuation by anthocyanin.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Afgradering van vrugte vanweë onvoldoende rooi kleur beperk die winsgewendheid van blospeercultivars (Pyrus communis L.). In die geval van 'Rosemarie' word swak kleur toegeskryf aan vooroes rooikleurverlies gedurende warm periodes. Die regulering van kleurontwikkelling in pere is nog nie ondersoek nie terwyl min bekend is oor antosianiendegradasie aan die boom. Om die regulering van kleurontwikkelling in rooi- en blospeercultivars vas te stel, is veranderinge in kleur en in die aktiwiteit van fenielalanien ammonia-liase (FAL) en UDPGalaktose: flavonoied-3-o-glikosieltransferase (UFGT) gemeet gedurende vrugontwikkelling en in reaksie op koue fronte. Pere was op hul rooiste 'n maand of langer voor oes. Hierna het rooi kleur afgeneem tot met oes. Anders as in sommige ander vrugsoorte het UFGT aktiwiteit nie kleurontwikkeling beperk nie. Die afname in rooi kleur tot met oes mag egter verband hou met 'n gelyktydige afname in FAL aktiwiteit. 'Rosemarie' kleur het aansienlik gefluktueer in reaksie op temperatuur. Rooi kleur het toegeneem met koue fronte en afgeneem in die warmer periodes tussen fronte. Rooi kleur was meer stabiel en klaarblyklik minder afhanlik van lae temperature in ander peercultivars. Die noodsaaklikheid van lae temperature vir kleurontwikkelling in 'Rosemarie' is bevestig deur 'n toename in ensiemaktiwiteit in reaksie op koue fronte. Lae temperature het geen effek gehad op ensiemaktiwiteit in 'Bon Rouge' nie. Appels en pere is gebruik om die effek van temperatuur en lig op antosianiendegradasie en vrugkleur te ondersoek. Die modifiserende effek van antosianienkonsentrasie op kleurverlies is ook ondersoek. Antosianiendegradasie en rooi kleurverlies het lineêr toegeneem tussen 10° en 30°C. Beligting het degradasie en kleurverlies verder versnel. Die tempo van kleurverlies was afhanklik van antosianienkonsentrasie. Kleurverlies was aansienlik vinniger in vrugte met hoë pigmentvlakke, in vergelyking met vrugte met lae pigmentvlakke vanweë die eksponensiële verwantskap tussen antosianienkonsentrasie en kleurskakeringswaardes (hue values) by hoë pigmentvlakke en die lineêre verwantskap by lae pigmentvlakke. Antosianiendegradasie en vooroes rooikleurverlies in 'Rosemarie' is kwantitatief bevestig en het saamgeval met 'n warm periode tydens vrugontwikkelling. Gebaseer op hierdie data is die gevoeligheid van 'Rosemarie' vir vooroes rooikleurverlies toegeskryf aan lae antosianienkonsentrasies wat die sigbaarheid van netto antosianiendegradasie by hoë temperature verhoog. Die gebruik van oorhoofse evaporatiewe verkoeling (EG) om rooi kleur van blospere te verbeter is ge-evalueer. 'Rosemarie' vrugte wat evaporatief verkoel is bo 28°G vanaf twee weke voor oes, was rooier as kontrole vrugte by oes. 'Forelle' kleur het nie gereageer op EG nie. Die effek van EG op vrugkleur was relatief klein in vergelyking met die effek van temperatuur. AI kan EG 'Rosemarie' kleur verbeter in warm produksiestreke sou dit meer effektief wees om 'Rosemarie' se verbouing te beperk tot koeler klimaatstreke. Laastens is die vermoë van antosianien om peerskil teen fotoinhibisie te beskerm ondersoek. Fotoinhibisie was aanwesig in vrugskil wat direk blootgestel was aan sonlig in die boord. Die omvang van fotoinhibisie het toegeneem met 'n afname in rooi pigmentasie van vrugskil. Die verband tussen skilkleur en fotoinhibisie was steeds aanwesig na blootstelling aan ligstres by 10° en 400G. Ons het egter geredeneer teen 'n algemene funksie vir antosianien in fotobeskerming by hoë temperature. Verder was daar aanduidings dat, alhoewel geassossieer met rooi skilkleur, beskerming teen ligstres nie noodwendig te wyte was aan antosianien nie.
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Strydom, Janene. "Canopy manipulation practices for optimum colour of redglobe (V.Vinifera L.)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2784.
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Thesis (MscAgric (Viticulture and Oenology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.Under certain South African conditions, Redglobe develops a colour that is too dark and thus unacceptable for the Far Eastern markets. These markets require a pink colour instead of a dark red colour. The cultivation of grapes with an acceptable colour involves amongst other, canopy management practices. This generally includes the removal of leaves and/or lateral shoots. Hereby, the leaf area and the microclimatic conditions in the canopy are altered. The aim of this study was to test the usefulness of leaf and lateral shoot removal at different defoliation times after anthesis in order to obtain a pink coloured Redglobe crop. Other quality aspects, namely total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), berry mass and total yield, were also evaluated. A canopy management trial was conducted on six year old Redglobe vines with moderate vigour. The treatment design was a 2 x 3 x 4 factorial and involved two leaf removal (L) levels (L0 = 0% leaf removal; L33 = 33% leaf removal) in combination with three lateral shoot removal (LS) levels (LS0 = 0 % lateral shoot removal; LS50 = 50% lateral shoot removal; LS100 = 100% lateral shoot removal). Four defoliation times (DT) were selected: 36 (pea berry size), 69 (véraison), 76 (one week after véraison) and 83 (two weeks after véraison) days after anthesis (DAA). A total of 24 treatment combinations, replicated in four blocks, were applied. Generally, treatment combinations involving 33% leaf removal lowered the main shoot leaf area. Likewise, the lateral shoot leaf area was decreased by increasing levels of lateral shoot removal at any defoliation time. As expected, 33% leaf removal applied in combination with any level of lateral shoot removal, always resulted in a lower total vine leaf area compared to where 0% leaf removal was part of the treatment combination. Compensation reactions occurred and in this regard the main shoot leaf size increased due to 33% leaf removal applied at 1 week after véraison and 2 weeks after véraison. Treatment combinations involving lateral shoot removal increased the ratio of main shoot leaf area to the total leaf area. On the other hand, the main shoot leaf area percentage was lowered by the application of 33% leaf removal at 2 weeks after véraison compared to no leaf removal at the same defoliation time. It can therefore be assumed that the contribution of lateral shoot leaves to grape composition might have increased in cases where the main shoot leaf area was lowered at a later stage (e.g. 2 weeks after véraison). The bunches were visually evaluated and divided into classes from dark (class one) to light (class nine). This visual bunch evaluation showed that the mean bunch colour was in class three (lighter than class two) due to the defoliation time. The lateral shoot removal x leaf removal interaction resulted in a mean bunch colour that was in classes 2 and 3. However, within these classes, there was a tendency that bunch colour decreased for defoliation times later than pea berry size. The lateral shoot removal x leaf removal interactions showed that bunch colour was darker when the treatment combinations involved 0% leaf removal. The percentage of bunches with the desired colour was increased by application of the treatments at véraison, compared to the other defoliation times, and also with 50% lateral shoot removal and 100% lateral shoot removal compared to 0% lateral shoot removal. Biochemical analyses confirmed that increased levels of lateral shoot removal generally lowered the anthocyanin concentration regardless of defoliation time. A similar effect on TSS was observed, i.e. from véraison onwards, the application of 50% lateral shoot removal and 100% lateral shoot removal tended to lower TSS. The effect of these levels of lateral shoot removal at véraison was significant. The role of the lateral shoots in colour development and sugar accumulation is therefore emphasized. Furthermore, the special role that lateral shoots also play in berry development is illustrated in that berry mass tended to decrease when 100% lateral shoot removal in combination with 33% leaf removal and 100% lateral shoot removal in combination with 0% leaf removal were applied at véraison. This, together with the positive relationship obtained between grape colour and the lateral shoot leaf area:fruit mass ratio, accentuates the role of active leaf area during the ripening period. The possible effect of the microclimatic light environment on colour must also be considered. However, although the light intensity increased with increased levels of LS, the colour that was obtained was probably not associated with the differences in light intensity. It was found that it is possible to manipulate the colour of Redglobe grapes with defoliation treatments. However, the treatments that have a decreasing effect on grape colour also affected other quality parameters like TSS and berry size negatively. Although, it is possible to reduce the colour of Redglobe through the application of leaf and lateral shoot removal at different defoliation times, the question arises whether the treatment combinations used in this study are worthwhile to pursue because the mean bunch colour that was obtained was still too dark. However, it was possible to increase the percentage of bunches with the desired colour. Therefore, if such treatments are applied, it must be approached cautiously, keeping in mind that assimilate supply has to be sustained throughout the ripening period.
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Miranda, Jean Soares. "Efeito da quantidade de queimas e caracterização extrínseca no comportamento mecânico e físico do dissilicato de lítio /." São José dos Campos, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180533.
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Orientador: Estevão Tomomitsu KimparaCoorientador: Marina Amaral
Banca: Lourenço Correr Sobrinho
Banca: Fabiola Pessôa Pereira Leite
Banca: Guilherme de Siqueira Ferreira Anzaloni Saavedra
Banca: Carolina Machado Martinelli Lobo
Resumo: Essa pesquisa avaliou o comportamento mecânico e físico das repetidas queimas provenientes das técnicas de caracterização extrínseca do dissilicato de lítio (DL). Duzentos e setenta discos de DL foram fabricados de acordo com a ISO 6872/2008 e distribuídos nos diferentes grupos (n=30). Controles (CO), nos quais não foram realizados caracterização extrínseca. Caracterizados nos quais as queimas de cristalização e do glaze foram realizadas em passo único com IPS e.max CAD Crystall e Glaze Paste (Ivoclar Vivadent) (CR). E caracterizados nos quais as cerâmicas foram primeiramente cristalizadas, seguido da aplicação do IPS e.max Ceram Shades e do Glaze Paste (Ivoclar Vivadent) (CE). Cada tipo de caracterização teve suas amostras submetidas a duas, quatro ou seis queimas: COII, COIV, COVI, CRII, CRIV, CRVI, CEII, CEIV e CEVI. Análises de cor e translucidez foram realizadas com espectrofotômetro colorimétrico após as diversas queimas (n=20). Espectroscopia de raios X por dispersão em energia (EDS), difração de raios-X (DRX) e Raman foram utilizadas para análise de elementos químicos. A rugosidade Ra e a nanodureza Vickers também foram aferidas. Testes de flexão biaxial (n = 10, 1000 kgf, 1 mm/min) e de fadiga - staircase (n = 20, 5x104 ciclos, 5Hz, tensão inicial - 50% e incremento 5% da carga inicial de fadiga) foram realizados. Análises microscópicas da superfície das amostras (estereomicroscopia, mapping e MEV) também foram feitas. ANOVA um fator e Tukey foram os testes estatísti... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract : The objective of this research was to evaluate the mechanical and physical behavior of repeated firings from the aesthetic characterization of lithium disilicate (LD). Two hundred and seventy LD discs were manufactured according to ISO 6872/2008 and distributed in different groups (n = 30): controls (CO), in which no aesthetic characterization was made; characterized in which the crystallization and glaze firings were performed in a single step with IPS e.max CAD Crystall and Glaze Paste (Ivoclar Vivadent) (CR); and characterized in which the ceramics were first crystallized, followed by the IPS e.max Ceram Shade and Glaze Paste (Ivoclar Vivadent) application (CE). Each type of characterization had samples submitted to two, four or six firings: COII, COIV, COVI, CRII, CRIV, CRVI, CEII, CEIV and CEVI. Color and translucency analyzes were performed with a colorimetric spectrophotometer after the burnings (n = 20). X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy were used to analyze chemical elements. Roughness (Ra) and Vickers nano-hardness were also measured. Biaxial flexion tests (n = 10, 1000 kgf, 1 mm/min) and fatigue - staircase (n = 20, 5x104 cycles, 5 Hz, initial tension - 50% and 5% increment of initial fatigue load) . Microscopic analysis of sample surfaces (stereomicroscopy, mapping and scanning electron microscope - SEM) were also performed. One-way ANOVA and Tukey were the statistical tests used (α = 0.05). For CE and CO6X-2X, values of ΔE00 were demonstrative of unacceptable color changes (ΔE00> 1.8). Group CO showed significant changes of translucency (p = 0.02); for CE (p = 0.09) and CR (p = 0.26) the values increased significantly. The values of nano-hardness among the nine groups were statistically similar (p> 0.05). However, Ra values indicated significant differences due to the type of characterization .....(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Mota, Dalete Delalibera Corrêa de Faria. "Fadiga no doente com câncer colo-retal: fatores de risco e preditivos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-25022008-121845/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Não existem estudos preditivos sobre fadiga em doentes com câncer colo-retal, embora fadiga seja descrita como freqüente na população oncológica. OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores de risco e preditivos independentes de fadiga em doentes com câncer colo-retal. MÉTODO: Estudo preditivo que envolveu amostra não-probabilística de 157 pacientes adultos ambulatoriais com tumor primário de cólon ou reto (idade média 60±11,7 anos; 54% homens; média de anos de escolaridade 10,7±5,4 anos; estádio IV 44,8%), atendidos em quatro serviços de oncologia do município de São Paulo, Brasil (julho/2006 a julho/2007). Os pacientes preencheram a Ficha de Identificação, a Escala de Fadiga de Piper-Revisada (0-10; ponto de corte: >4; ?=0,94), o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (0-63; ponto de corte: >13; ?=0,83), a Escala de Karnofky (0%-100%; ponto de corte: <80), a Escala de Prejuízo do Sono (0-10; ponto de corte: >5) e a Escala de Dor (0-10; ponto de corte: >6). Os pontos de corte foram estabelecidos pela análise da curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic), com exceção do ponto de corte de fadiga, que foi estabelecido após análise da distribuição dos escores em percentis e do critério proposto pela National Comprehensive Cancer Network. RESULTADOS: Fadiga foi referida por 26,8% dos doentes. Os fatores de risco para fadiga foram os seguintes: serviço de saúde público, dor, prejuízo do sono, depressão e capacidade funcional prejudicada (p<0,05). A análise de regressão logística identificou três fatores preditivos: depressão, capacidade funcional e prejuízo do sono. A depressão aumentou em 4 vezes a chance de ocorrer fadiga (OR: 4,2; IC95% 1,68-10,39), a capacidade funcional aumentou em 3 vezes (OR: 3,2; IC95% 1,37-7,51) e o prejuízo do sono também em 3 vezes (OR: 3,2; IC95% 1,30-8,09). Quando os três fatores preditivos estiveram presentes, a probabilidade de ocorrer fadiga foi de 80%, o que indicou boa capacidade de predição. Quando os três fatores preditivos estiveram ausentes, a probabilidade de ocorrer fadiga foi de 8%. A especificidade e sensibilidade do modelo foram de 81,9% e 58,6%, respectivamente, indicando baixa chance de falsos positivos e alta chance de falsos negativos. CONCLUSÕES: Depressão, capacidade funcional e prejuízo do sono foram preditores de fadiga. O estudo disponibiliza tabela de probabilidade de predição de fadiga e propõe que, por meio da avaliação da depressão, da capacidade funcional e do prejuízo do sono, é possível conhecer a probabilidade do paciente ter fadiga, o que é inédito nessa população e de grande utilidade na clínicaINTRODUCTION: There are no studies that identify the predictive factors of fatigue among colo-rectal cancer patients, although fatigue is described as a frequent problem in the oncology setting. AIM: Identify risk factors and independent predictors of fatigue in colo-rectal cancer patients. METHOD: Predictive study that involved non-probabilistic sample of 157 adult outpatients with primary colon or rectal (mean age 60±11.7 years; 54% male; educational level 10.7±5.4 years; cancer stage IV 44.8%), recruited from 4 oncology clinics in Sao Paulo, Brazil (July/2006 to July/2007). Patients filled out an Identification Profile, Piper Fatigue Scale-revised (0-10; cut-score: >4, ?=0,94), Beck Depression Inventory (0-63; cut-score: >13, ?=0,83), Karnofsky Scale (0%-100%; cut-score: <80%), Sleep disturbance scale (0-10; cut-score: >5), and Pain scale (0-10; cut-score: >6). The cut scores were established by ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves, except for fatigue cut-score, which was established after an analysis of the distribution of the scores in percentiles and of the criteria proposed by National Comprehensive Cancer Network. RESULTS: Fatigue was identified by 26.8% of the patients. The risk factors for fatigue were: public oncology service, pain, sleep disturbance, poor performance status, and depression (p<0.05). Logistic regression identified three predictors: depression, sleep disturbance, and performance status. Depression increased the chance for fatigue to occur by four times (OR: 4.2; 95%CI 1.68-10.39), performance status increased by three times (OR: 3.2; 95%CI 1.37-7.51), and sleep disturbance also increased the chance by three times (OR: 3.2; 95%CI 1.30-8.09). When the three factors were present in concomitance, the probability that patients had fatigue was 80%, which was considered a good predictive capacity. When none of the factors were present, the probability that patients had fatigue was 8%. The specificity and sensibility of this model were 81.9% and 58.6%, respectively, indicating that there is low chance of false positive and high chance of false negatives. CONCLUSIONS: Depression, performance status, and sleep disturbance were predictive factors of fatigue. The study presents a prediction table and proposes that by assessing depression, performance status and sleep disturbance, it is possible to know the probability that a patient will have fatigue. This finding is original and applicable in clinical practice
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Fergusson, Stanley MacArthur, and mac fergusson@rmit edu au. "The Effect of Laundry Detergents and Residual Alkali on the Light Fastness of Reactive Dyes on 100% Cotton." RMIT University. Fashion and Textiles, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081128.162252.
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This study presents findings on the effect of domestic laundry detergents on the fastness to light of selected fibre reactive dyes applied to cotton. The study was carried out to elucidate the reasons for the accelerated colour loss of cotton garments washed under Australian domestic laundering conditions. Cotton fabric dyed with commonly used reactive dyes were laundered with water only, several domestic detergents and a laboratory formulated neutral detergent, and then exposed to light for two hours in the wet state. Quantities of detergent used were in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations. Exposures were repeated fifteen times equivalent to 30 hours exposure. Colour loss and colour difference were measured after 5, 10 and 15 wash cycles and 10, 20 and 30 hours exposure. When the fabric was exposed wet the colour faded more rapidly than when exposed dry to light. Detergents increased the colour loss even when the fabric was not exposed to light. The presence of an oxidizing bleach (sodium perborate) in the detergent increased colour loss during washing and wet exposure to light. Ultraviolet radiation from the light source, heat, moisture, alkali and oxidising bleach during exposure resulted in hydrolysis of the dye-fibre bond causing dye desorption during washing and rinsing. Water alone increased the fading of the dyes most likely due to presence of dissolved oxygen held within the fibre. The combination of ultraviolet radiation and oxidizing bleaches altered the chemistry of the dye and hence its shade. This was particularly evident on the black dye and one of the navy blue dyes.
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Silva, Isa Daniela Bastos da. "A Fadiga e o Sofrimento Emocional em Doentes com Cancro Colo-Retal em Quimioterapia Paliativa." Master's thesis, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/70588.
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Silva, Isa Daniela Bastos da. "A Fadiga e o Sofrimento Emocional em Doentes com Cancro Colo-Retal em Quimioterapia Paliativa." Dissertação, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/70588.
Full textBooks on the topic "Color fading"
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D, Bean Frank, Russell Sage Foundation, and Population Reference Bureau, eds. Immigration and fading color lines in America. New York, N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2004.
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Gaines, Zoeh Jones, Edward Gaines, and Josiah Gaines. Clipper Man Color and Fading Class Book: Learning Color and Fades the Easy Way. Independently Published, 2020.
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Swa, Tswa. A Colour Fading. Word-Carpet, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Color fading"
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Shi, Xifan, Dongming Lu, and Jianming Liu. "Color Changing and Fading Simulation for Frescoes Based on Empirical Knowledge from Artists." In Advances in Multimedia Information Processing - PCM 2006, 861–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11922162_98.
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Kohara, N., C. Sano, H. Ikuno, Y. Magoshi, M. A. Becker, M. Yatagai, and M. Saito. "Degradation and Color Fading of Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Natural Dyes and Mordant." In ACS Symposium Series, 74–85. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2001-0779.ch006.
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Yatagai, Mamiko, Yoshiko Magoshi, Mary A. Becker, Chie Sano, Harumi Ikuno, Natsuko Kohara, and Masako Saito. "Degradation and Color Fading of Silk Fabrics Dyed with Natural Dyes and Mordants." In ACS Symposium Series, 86–97. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2001-0779.ch007.
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Wright, Kenneth W., and Yi Ning J. Strube. "Faden Operation (Posterior Fixation Suture)." In Color Atlas Of Strabismus Surgery, 171–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1480-7_20.
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"Technical Commentaries: Fading." In Watercolors by Winslow Homer: The Color of Light. Art Institute of Chicago, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00173.050.
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"Chapter 8. Georgia and the Fading of the Color Revolutions." In Uncertain Democracy, 138–48. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9780812202816.138.
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Eyerman, Ron. "On the Future of Whiteness and White Supremacy." In The Making of White American Identity, 214—C7.P101. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197658932.003.0008.
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Abstract This chapter addresses the issue of race and racism in the United States in a context of political polarization and where “whites,” as a category, no longer constitute the majority of the population. With numerical domination fading, will the color-coded hierarchy and ideology of white supremacy also fade into history? The issue of white mobilization and the interrelation between social movements and the established political parties is also discussed, particularly as this was actualized in the storming of the US capitol building.
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Egi, Yunus, and Engin Eyceyurt. "3D Point Cloud-Based Tree Canopy Visualization for a Smart Deployment of Mobile Communication Systems." In Data Visualization [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96179.
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Mobile communication is one of the most important parameters of smart cities in terms of maintaining connectivity and interaction between humans and smart systems. However, In the deployment process of Mobile Communication Systems (MCS), Radio Frequency (RF) engineers use location depended empirical Signal Strength Path Loss (SSPL) models ending up with poor signal strength and slow data connection. This is due to the fact that empirical propagation models usually are restrained by the environment and do not implement state of the art technologies, including Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), Image Processing, and Machine Learning to increase efficiency. Terrains involving buildings, hills, trees, mountains, and human-made structures are considered irregular terrains by telecommunication engineers. Irregular terrains, specifically trees, significantly affect MCS’s efficiency because of their complex pattern resulting in erroneous signal fading via multi-path reflection and absorption. Therefore, a virtual 3D environment is required to extract the required 3D terrain pattern and elevation data from the environment. Once this data is processed in the machine learning algorithm, an adaptive propagation model can be formed and can significantly improve SSPL prediction accuracy for MCS. This chapter presents 3D point cloud visualization via sensor fusion and 2D image color classification techniques, which lead to a novel propagation model for the smart deployment of MCS. The proposed system’s main contribution is to develop an intelligent environment that eliminates limitations and minimizes related signal fading prediction errors. In addition, having better connectivity and efficiency will resolve the communication problem of smart cities. The chapter also provides a case study that significantly outperforms other empirical models with an accuracy of 95.4%.
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Goehr, Lydia. "Red Thread." In Red Sea-Red Square-Red Thread, 456–82. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197572443.003.0017.
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Pursuing the sources for the Red Thread, chapter 17 presents a literature of high and low wit. Bringing out the double perspective of land and sea, the literature exposes breaches in a society beginning at home. The chapter explores the marine terms of a threaded rope and its strategic adaptation by Goethe most of all. How and why did Goethe turn something foreign and commonplace into a divine or poetic thread for life, thought, and art: invisible and unbroken? What bearing has the twist of the thread in the making of personal relationships, family tapestries, and a nation’s bonding? We know why the thread must be red (as the color of all colors). But why a thread (Faden) and not a line, a yarn, or a fiber?
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Kumar Samanta, Ashis. "Colorimetric Evaluations and Characterization of Natural and Synthetic Dyes/Pigments and Dyed Textiles and Related Products." In Colorimetry [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104774.
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This book chapter covers principles and few case studies on colorimetric Estimation of (i) determining purity/active ingredient % of selective dyes/pigments (ii) Identification of any colorants to distinguish from other similar compound, (iii) Measurement of surface colour strength of a dyed textile, (iv) Measurement of colour differences by estimating DE, DL*, Da*, Db*, DC and DH values, (v)Computer-aided colour match prediction for any standard shades, (vi) Estimation of compatibility of two dyes/colourants to use for compound shades, (vii) Determination of rate of dyeing, dyeing isotherm and dyeing kinetics to control dyeing, (viii) Optimization of dyeing process variables, (ix) Precession grading of Colour Fastness of dyed textiles on fading under different ways/agencies and (x) Estimation of Soil Removal efficacy of different detergent used for textiles. These colorimetric measurements are found to be very useful for effective process and product control of dyed textile materials. Selected Case studies on all the above colorimetric applications with specific example or experimented data are discussed for each of the method under reference. Finally, the other applications of colorimetric analysis besides textiles industry are also mentioned in concluding remarks.
Conference papers on the topic "Color fading"
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Sarvate, Deepak, Amit Bhati, Rahul Srivastava, VS Choudhary, and RV Raghavan. "Color Fading: Variation of Colorimetric Parameters with Spectral Reflectance." In 2020 Sixth International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pdgc50313.2020.9315781.
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Sheridan, Cormac, Marion O'Farrell, Elfed Lewis, Colin Flanagan, John F. Kerry, and Nick Jackman. "An examination of ham color fading using optical fiber methods." In Optics East 2006, edited by Yud-Ren Chen, George E. Meyer, and Shu-I. Tu. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.686162.
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Chowdhury, Sarah N., Piotr Nyga, Zhaxylyk Kudyshev, Esteban Garcia, Alexander V. Kildishev, Vladimir M. Shalaev, and Alexandra Boltasseva. "Non-fading Plasmonic Color Printing on Semicontinuous Metal Films with Protective Atomic Layer Deposition." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2020.sf2r.2.
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Xia, Yunfeng, Xinming Song, Zhidong Jia, and Xilin Wang. "Mechanism and quantitative characterization of color fading phenomenon of HTV composite insulators silicone rubber." In 2018 12th International Conference on the Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (ICPADM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpadm.2018.8401132.
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Frey, Franziska S., Rudolf Gschwind, and James M. Reilly. "Simulation of the fading of photographic three-color materials: a new tool for the preservation field." In IS&T/SPIE's Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science & Technology, edited by Georges G. Grinstein and Robert F. Erbacher. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.205939.
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Hudika, Tomislav, Tomislav Cigula, Filip Golub, and Gabriela Aleksić. "Lightfastness of lithographic primary colours coated with nanocomposites composed of tio2 and water-based varnish." In 11th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p15.
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The UV radiation causes inks to fade. The ink fading will lead to the degradation of the visual appearance of printed imprints making them less attractive to the user. To deal with this that phenomenon, one of the solutions is to create a coating that could challenge these issues. In order to create efficient protective coating against UV induced degradation, nano scaled titanium dioxide (TiO2) wasl added to the commercial water-based varnish. To determine influence of the amount of TiO2, was homogenized in various weight ratios. The prepared nanocomposites were applied onto offset (lithography) prints made in accordance with Fogra PSO, i.e. ISO 12647-2:2013 on gloss coated paperboard. The samples have been subjected to artificial UV induced aging for 30 hours. The protective properties of the nanocomposite TiO2 coating was determined by calculating colorimetric and densitometric change on full tone and determining tone value change of half tones. The results showed that the prepared nanocomposite coating has relatively little effect on the printed colour of the samples. However, some coating compositions exceed the allowed tolerance ΔEab> 5, however in those cases the initial colorimetric value of WB (ΔEab) was close to the FOGRA PSO border value. The coatings with TiO2 will increase resistance to accelerated ageing on full and halftone. To conclude, this research has provided the new perspective on modulation possibilities of commercially available varnishes in order to cope a designated problematics and downsides of coatings which was, in this case, UV induced fading and degradation of visual appearance. The further research should investigate the applicability of this kind of modulated varnish in other coating techniques as well the use of other kind of nano sized compounds.
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Cigula, Tomislav, Tomislav Hudika, Mihael Katana, Marina Golik Krizmanić, and Tamara Tomašegović. "The influence of PCL-ZnO coating composition on coated offset cardboard prints." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p8.
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The most significant printing branch in these days is packaging printing. Packaging must primarily preserve the product from damaging, but at the same time must attract the consumers to be picked up from the shelf in the store. To ensure protective and aesthetic role of the packaging the prints are commonly coated with varnishes which will improve visual, mechanical, surface, and optical properties. In this paper a coating composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and nanoscale ZnO was used to coat the offset prints on the cardboard. The coatings were prepared by adding various weight amounts of the ZnO nanoparticles (weight ratios of 0.1, 0.5 and 1%) into the mixture of PCL and ethyl-acetate. The coatings were applied onto prepared offset prints. The prints were evaluated before and after coating process by determining colour coordinates, print gloss, water vapour permeability and by calculating colour difference. The results showed that on the uncoated paper coating with prepared OVPs did not affect the colour reproduction outside acceptable tolerance levels, except for magenta coated with w(ZnO) = 0.5 and 1%. The coating with prepared coatings caused almost none change of print gloss on uncoated paper, but increased the print gloss on coated paper. The water-vapor permeability was lowered on both investigated paper types but on the uncoated paper the addition of ZnO nanoparticles decreased barrier properties in comparison to the coating composed of only PCL. Increasing the mass of added ZnO increases barrier properties of the print on both investigated cardboards. To conclude, this research has proved applicability of the PCL-ZnO coatings as a OVP on cardboard offset prints as it did not highly influenced colour reproduction but had decreased water vapour transmission rate. On the coated paper/cardboard one must take into account the increased colour difference of magenta and chose the ink to be closer to the target values at the beginning. In addition, to further investigate applicability in the packaging printing, further research should include investigation of resistance to ink fading in the ageing process, bending tests, adhesion etc.
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Hudika, Tomislav, Tomislav Cigula, Mihaela Žličarić, and Maja Strižić Jakovljević. "PCL-TiO2 nanocomposite to improve ageing of offset prints." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p10.
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UV radiation or sunlight can affect the printed sample by fading the ink surface and therefore the product losses it's decorative purpose and becomes less desirable to the customer. To create the efficient protective coating, titanium dioxide (TiO2) will be used as a well-known compound that should lower the effects of UV radiation. TiO2 should lower the colour fade after UV radiation and this will be determined by densitometric and colorimetric (CIE L*a*b*) measurements. In addition, measurement of print gloss will also be conducted to evaluate visual appearance of the sample. Biopolymer Polycaprolactone (PCL) was the base of the PCL-TiO2 composite in which TiO2 nano sized. To determine influence of the amount of TiO2, three composites were prepared by adding different weight ratio of the TiO2. The prepared nanocomposites were then applied onto the offset prints on gloss art print paper and on the uncoated paper. The results have shown that TiO2 coating does affect ink’s density, colorimetric properties and print gloss after initial coating. The change in chroma due to the accelerated ageing is most visible on yellow ink, cyan and magenta proved to be the more stable. Accelerated ageing caused change in the L* of black. On all colours, increase of the TiO2 weight ratio improved resistance of colour to change. Coated gloss paper was more resistant to density change where uncoated had lower change in chroma. It could be concluded that TiO2 has the ability to protect the prints in the measured time interval but it has to be noted that concentration of the TiO2 particles also causes colour difference and must be observed when defining composure of the nanocomposite.
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Luo, Hung-Wen, Ching-Ju Chou, Hung-Shing Chen, and Ronnier Luo. "COLOUR FADING MODEL OF LEDS FOR CONTEMPORARY PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS." In CIE 2018. International Commission on Illumination, CIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/x45.2018.po34.
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Oyedeji, F. O., and J. O. Momoh. "Potential Human Hair and Sheep Wool Dyeing Characteristics of Hair Colour Formulations Prepared from Four Vegetable Dyes." In 28th iSTEAMS Multidisciplinary Research Conference AIUWA The Gambia. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/isteams-2021/v28n2p11.
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Man insatiable desires often leads him to many choices. Some functional, others for the purpose of decoration or acceptability. The dyeing of hair can be comfortably placed in any of the three categories. The production of hair colours is a multi-billion dollar industry that involves the use of both plant-derived and synthetic dyes. Unlike synthetic dyes which can be toxic and harmful to the environment; natural dyes are biodegradable, non-toxic and compatible with environment. In the present study the comparative black – brown colouring effect of seven dye formulations made from ethanol and chloroform extracted pigments of some local dye yielding plants; Lawsonia inermis, Loncocarpus cyanescens, Pterocarpus osun and Trema orientalis on grey human hair and sheep wool was observed and recorded after two hours of dye uptake; storage at room temperature for 4 days and exposure to sunlight for 4 days. % yield of extracted dye ranged from 1.04 - 3.20 in the order Lawsonia inermis < Trema orientalis < Lonchocarpus cyanescens < Pterocarpus osun dye. The colours of the dyes obtained were orange (Lawsonia inermis), yellow (Loncocarpus cyanescens), dark red (Pterocarpus osun) and dark green (Trema orientalis). The human hair took up the dye more readily than the sheep wool and the black-brown colouring effect was maximum with formulation 7 and in the order PF 7>PF 3 > PF 5 > PF 4 > PF 1> PF 6 >P2 with the colour being retained for the greatest period of time at room temperature while fading gradually with the length of exposure to sunlight for both human hair and wool. The colour deepened however for sheep wool, with length of stay at room temperature. In conclusion, the natural dye formulations coloured the hair better than sheep wool, it may therefore be suitable for the formulation of hair colouring solution, after toxicity tests, colour fixing and modification studies have been carried out on the dyes. Keywords: Lawsonia inermis, Loncocarpus cyanescens, Pterocarpus osun, Trema orientalis, Human hair, Sheep wool, Vegetable dyes.