Academic literature on the topic 'Colonne Era'

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Journal articles on the topic "Colonne Era"

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de Blaauw, Sible. "A mediaeval portico at San Giovanni in Laterano: the Basilica and its ancient conventual building." Papers of the British School at Rome 58 (November 1990): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246200011685.

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UN PORTICO MEDIOEVALE A SAN GIOVANNI IN LATERANO: LA BASILICA E L'EDIFICIO CONVENTUALE ADIACENTENella campata dell'angolo nord-ovest del chiostro di S. Giovanni in Laterano in Roma, ed in un ambiente adiacente, appaiono delle vestigia di una struttura di epoca precedente a quella dell'attuale chiostro, costruito nel secondo quarto del XIII secolo. Tali resti vengono interpretati in questo articolo come appartenenti ad un portico risalente ai primi decenni del XII secolo. Esso comprendeva un colonnato di almeno cinque colonne ed era sormontato da un piano superiore dove si trovava una stanza decorata con pitture murali. Sembra che la struttura si appoggiasse sull'angolo sud-ovest della basilica, ma la sua estensione esatta resta incerta. Dal punto di vista tipologico, l'edificio appare in stretta relazione con le sale d'ingresso a colonne in case private della Roma medioevale. Una sezione specifica dell'articolo è dedicata all'esame delle fonti scritte relative a questa parte del complesso lateranense. Esse confermano una tradizionale collocazione in quest'area degli edifici adibiti a residenza per il clero della basilica. I testi liturgici testimoniano l'esistenza di un chiostro in quest'area già nel XII secolo. Le testimonianze archeologiche indicano che l'ubicazionc di questo chiostro più antico, non può avere coinciso esattamente con quella del chiostro del XIII secolo che lo sostituì. L'ipotesi che si propone qui è che il portico descritto formasse parte di un cortile a colonne che doveva servire nel XII secolo come chiostro dei canonici lateranensi.
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Amoruso, Giuseppe. "El espacio ilusorio barroco en las perspectivas arquitectónicas de Girolamo Curti y Angelo Michele Colonna en el Palacio de la Ciudad de Bolonia." EGA Revista de expresión gráfica arquitectónica 23, no. 33 (July 13, 2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ega.2018.10389.

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<p>La investigación describe los principios proyectivos del espacio ilusorio de la escuela boloñesa a través del dibujo de las perspectivas arquitectónicas de Girolamo Curti (1575-1632) y Angelo Michele Colonna (1604-1687) en el Ayuntamiento de Bolonia. En 1627 Bernardino Spada, fue designado por el Papa Urbano VIII para conducir la delegación boloñesa y comenzó la renovación de los apartamentos a través del artificio ilusorio de la perspectiva. Además de la sala Urbana y la sala Dentone, Colonna, un joven ayudante de Curti, también se convertirá en el protagonista de una larga estancia artística; siendo también activo en España, donde por iniciativa de Diego Velázquez, trabajó en la corte de Felipe IV. A su regreso de Madrid dejó su última obra de pintura en la sala del Consejo.</p><p>Los métodos de la perspectiva “di sotto in sù” hicieron una representación rigurosa del espacio ilusorio, cuyos caracteres están presentes en esta investigación.</p>
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Gerzer, Rupert, Ronald White, and Peter Graef. "Space medicine and physiology in the exploration era : The Cologne resolution." Acta Astronautica 104, no. 1 (November 2014): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.07.023.

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Kampmann, Christoph. "Kalkulierter Konflikt?" Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung: Volume 48, Issue 2 48, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 211–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/zhf.48.2.211.

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Summary Calculated Conflict? The Cologne Election Dispute of 1688 and the Origins of the Nine Years’ War Historians have recently begun to focus on the relationship between elections and conflict during the Early Modern period. Against the backdrop of these debates, the article takes another look at one of the most conflict-laden elections of that era, the election dispute (“Doppelwahl”) of Cologne in July 1688 involving Cardinal Fürstenberg and Duke Joseph Clemens of Bavaria. The spectacular failure of Fürstenberg, the candidate backed by King Louis XIV of France, in the succession struggle in Electoral Cologne was one of the major causes of the Nine Years’ War (known in German as the “War of the Palatine Succession”), which impacted wide swathes of Western and Central Europe. The resolution of the succession dispute in the Archdiocese of Cologne occurred within the context of growing tensions between Louis XIV and his rivals, in particular Emperor Leopold I. Yet up to the summer of 1688, there continued to be opportunities – albeit diminishing ones – to resolve the conflict peacefully. It was only when Emperor Leopold decided to publicly and solemnly declare Fürstenberg ineligible, explicitly citing the cardinal’s allegiance to Louis XIV, that open conflict became unavoidable. As a result, the very reputations of the protagonists were at stake in the Cologne succession, including that of Louis XIV; there was no longer any way to withdraw from the conflict without losing face. There are convincing reasons to believe that the emperor, by deciding to exclude Fürstenberg, was consciously accepting a conflict with France, with the prospect of a broad anti-French alliance that was already forming in Central and Western Europe.
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Falcucci, Beatrice, and Gianmarco Mancosu. "Impero filmato, impero esibito. La cineteca del Museo Coloniale di Roma (1923-1951)." ITALIA CONTEMPORANEA, no. 299 (August 2022): 197–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ic299-oa1.

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L'articolo ricostruisce le vicende della cineteca Museo Coloniale di Roma, la cui sezione cinematografica era chiamata a raccogliere le pellicole più significative aventi a oggetto le colonie italiane, che venivano usate per eventi a carattere etnografico e di promozione coloniale o noleggiate ad altri istituti ed enti. Attraverso lo studio di carte conservate all'Archivio Storico Diplomatico del Ministero degli Esteri, all'Archivio Centrale di Stato e all'Archivio di Stato di Forlì, l'articolo dimostra come la cineteca del Museo, in totale sinergia con l'Istituto Luce, fosse concepita come il centro nevralgico della propaganda visuale per l'impero del fascismo. Lo studio di questa documentazione permetterà inoltre di ricostruire il ruolo del Museo e della sua cineteca nell'immediato dopoguerra, quando avrebbe dovuto contribuire a perorare la causa del "ritorno" nelle ormai ex colonie.
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Luca Podestà, Gian. "Una sovranità limitata. Monete coloniali e tallero di Maria Teresa in Eritrea ed Etiopia." CHEIRON, no. 1 (April 2021): 191–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/che2019-001009.

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La creazione di una nuova valuta per le colonie italiane in Africa orientale era guidata da varie ragioni: a) affermare il dominio politico; b) ridurre i costi di transazione; c) costruire l'economia coloniale. Gli eritrei rifiutarono le nuove monete coloniali. Essi forzarono il governo a usare i talleri di Maria Teresa. L'antica valuta austriaca era fusa in oggetti preziosi, i quali costituivano i risparmi delle famiglie. Queste pratiche monetarie erano simili a quelle dell'Ancien Régime in Europa. La persistenza della circolazione dei talleri suggerisce la continuità e la rilevanza di un'economia indipendente e di spazi sociali che contrad-dicevano l'intenzione coloniale di organizzare uno stabile e controllato sistema monetario.
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Coarelli, Filippo. "Pits and fora: a reply to Henrik Mouritsen." Papers of the British School at Rome 73 (November 2005): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246200002968.

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POZZI E FORA: UNA RISPOSTA A HENRIK MOURITSENQuesto articolo è una risposta all'articolo di Henrik Mouritsen (Papers of the British School at Rome 72 (2004), 37–67), in cui si contesta l'interpretazione dei ‘pozzetti’ scoperti nei fori delle colonie latine (proposta da chi scrive e da Mario Torelli) come limiti di aree inaugurate, ispirati al modello del Foro di Roma. Anche se talvolta la funzione era in effetti diversa (come nel caso del Foro di Fregellae), l'ipotesi che collega i ‘pozzetti’ di dimensioni maggiori all'inauguratio di aree forensi sembra ancora la più probabile.
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Kipar, Andreas. "Dal paesaggio all'ambiente, verso una nuova concezione degli spazi aperti urbanistica." Ciudades, no. 04 (February 1, 2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.24197/ciudades.04.1998.115-123.

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“Uno dei compiti centrali dell'urbanistica non e quello di ampliare le arre edificate, ma lo sforzo di conservare lo spazio aperto.” Era probabilmente questa la frase con la quale negli anni '30 l'urbanista Schumacher convinse l'allora sindaco, poi cancelliere, Konrad Adenauer a conferirgli l' incarico di disegnare la grande cintura verde che ancor oggi di Cologna conserva.
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Saum, Lewis O. "The Gilded Age, Dakota and “Phocion” of the Chicago Times." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 3, no. 4 (October 2004): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400003522.

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Published in 1873, Mark Twain's and Charles Dudley Warner's The Gilded Age went on stage two years later. By the book and the play, Colonel Mulberry Sellers became, at least to some, a dramatic illustration of what was afoot in that era. In March, 1875, the Chicago Times carried an entertainment notice for the opening of that play in that city. This account told that the author of the book and the playwright had envisioned Lawrence Barrett for a role in the play; but it dawned on them that someone with more of a comedic inclination would do better. Perhaps an intimation of that change of tone can be seen in a change of name. The colonel of the novel had a biblical first name, Beriah (Genesis 46–17). That colonel now became Mulberry Sellers, and a humorous actor, John T. Raymond, entered the scene for which Lawrence Barrett had been considered. As this Chicago Times writer put it, the play, with Raymond, had created a “sensation” in New York City, in a run of 120 days. Now Chicago would share the excitement.
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Miranda, Ade Tricia, Taufik Ari Gunawan, and Imroatul Chalimah Juliana. "Analysis of flood control in Lambidaro sub-watershed using EPA SWMM." International journal of life sciences & earth sciences 6, no. 1 (January 18, 2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijle.v6n1.2068.

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In the Lambidaro sub-watershed, precisely on Jalan Colonel Sulaiman Amin, the problem of flooding continues, especially when it rains. The occurrence of flooding around the canal along the Colonel Sulaiman Amin road drainage is caused by several factors, one of which is the capacity of the reservoir which is not able to control the flood discharge optimally so that water cannot overflow into the canal. and eventually caused flooding in the surrounding area. This study aims to determine whether the drainage capacity is still able to drain surface runoff water or not and determine alternative flood control solutions for Colonel Sulaiman Amin Street. The method used is the EPA Model SWMM (Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model). From this study, the simulation results obtained from EPA SWMM showed alternative solutions offered such as the use of flood pumps, retention ponds, and optimization of drainage, the most effective solution of the six flood mitigation experiments was channel optimization in the form of changing the shape and size of the channel 7 to a square channel with a width of 1 .5 meters. This alternative is 5.26% more effective with an effective percentage of 85.538% and can drain 36.36% more water flow than drainage with a widening of 1.1 meters.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Colonne Era"

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Bousoumah, Radia. "Le challenge de l’analyse multi-résidus de perturbateurs endocriniens à activité estrogénique dans les fluides et tissus biologiques humains : Choix de stratégies de préparation des échantillons et de mesure par spectrométrie de masse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0028.

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Depuis plus d’une vingtaine d’années, la problématique des perturbateurs endocriniens (PE) mobilise la communauté scientifique et les pouvoirs publics en raison des effets néfastes, avérés ou suspectés, de ces composés sur la santé de l’Homme. En particulier, la génération de données d’exposition interne (imprégnation) chez certaines sous-populations reconnues ou supposées plus sensibles (femmes enceintes, foetus, nourrissons) est à la fois une priorité et un domaine exigeant associé à une certaine rareté. De par leur diversité au plan structural et en termes de propriétés physico-chimiques, l’analyse simultanée d’un large panel de PE reste de nos jours un véritable challenge analytique. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce travail consistait à développer une méthode multi-résidus permettant l’isolement et la mesure simultanée de PE à effet estrogénique (13 PE au total). En premier lieu, une méthode de mesure par couplage chromatographie en phase liquide-spectrométrie de masse en tandem (UPLC-MS/MS) après dérivation chimique par le chlorure de dansyle a été développée. En second lieu, un support de type polymère à empreinte moléculaire (MIP phénolique) a été mis en oeuvre pour l’extraction simultanée du panel de PE ciblés à partir du milieu aqueux et de matrices biologiques de complexité croissante (urine, sérum, lait maternel). La stratégie développée sur MIP phénolique a été appliquée, après prévalidation, à un ensemble d’échantillons de sérum maternel, sérum du cordon et urine de nouveaux-nés. Enfin, un support de type colonne greffée par du récepteur aux estrogènes α (colonne ERα) a été appliqué pour l’isolement simultané des composés ciblés à partir d’un milieu aqueux
For over twenty years, the issue of endocrine disruptors (EDs) mobilizes the scientific community and public authorities because of the negative effects, actual or suspected, of these compounds on human health. In particular, the generation of internal exposure data (impregnation) in some subpopulations, which are recognized or assumed as being sensitive (pregnant women, fetuses, infants), is both a priority and a demanding field associated with a certain rarity. Considering their structural diversity and with regards to their physicochemical properties, the simultaneous analysis of a large panel of EDs remains a real analytical challenge. In this context, the objective of this work was to develop a multi-residue method for the simultaneous isolation and measurement of estrogenic endocrine disruptors (13 EDs in total). Firstly, an analysis method using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) after chemical derivatisation by dansyl chloride was developed. Secondly, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP with phenolic imprint) was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of the targeted EDs from aqueous medium and biological matrices of increasing complexity (urine, serum, breast milk). The strategy developed on MIP was applied, after validation, to a set of samples (maternal serum, cord serum and urine of newborns). Finally, a column support grafted with estrogen receptor α (ERα column) was applied for the simultaneous isolation of the targeted compounds from an aqueous medium
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King, Martha Joanne. "Making an impression: Women printers in the Southern colonies in the Revolutionary Era." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720299.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the interconnections of the public and personal lives of six women printers of the colonial South: Mary Wilkinson Crouch, Mary Katherine Goddard, Anne Catharine Green, Clementina Rind, Elizabeth Timothy, and Ann Timothy. Earlier studies of colonial printing history have focused on the New England and mid-Atlantic colonies. This work fills a regional gap by studying printers in revolutionary Maryland, Virginia, and South Carolina.;As printers, these six individuals provided a unique window on the cosmopolitan nature of their southern societies through the newspapers they published. as female artisans in a male-dominated profession, they used their newspapers to reflect a gendered appeal to other women through discussion of female education, political consciousness, boycott participation, and courtship and marriage.;Five of the subjects were widows of printers who assumed business responsibilities upon their husbands' deaths; the sixth subject was the feme sole sister and daughter of a printer. Widowhood created more demands on these women as well as opened doors to greater autonomy. All six women became increasingly assertive in their community and familial roles. Both the private domestic sphere and the public commercial sphere are needed to assess their historical significance.
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Newton, Melanie J. "The children of Africa in the colonies : free people of colour in Barbados during the emancipation era, 1816-1854." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c461fcaf-c8ca-4e87-8439-feb343fb0fd7.

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This thesis is a study of free people of colour during the era of emancipation in Barbados, with a particular focus on their relationships with and attitudes towards slaves. It examines the period between the 1816 slave rebellion and the 1854 cholera epidemic, encompassing the apprenticeship period of 1834-1838. The thesis argues that differences of class, political ideology, gender and the specific nature of their relationships with slaves determined emancipation's impact on free people of colour. At the same time, the thesis illustrates that pre-emancipation free people of colour as a group remained economically and politically marginal after emancipation, much as they had been during slavery. Reforms to the island's slave laws during the 1820s and early 1830s undermined the legal distinction between free people of colour and slaves. The abolitionism debate and increasing racial tension in the island led free non-whites to challenge openly the principle of racial subordination for the first time. After 1834, elite free people of colour forged a sense of "race consciousness", and adopted emancipation as the key to their battle against racial inequality, asserting themselves as the legitimate protectors of ex-slaves' interests. However class differences and disagreements over emancipation policy led to political factionalism among people of colour. The absence of fundamental change in the distribution of land and wealth after emancipation left most pre-1834 free people of colour and ex-slaves with little hope of political enfranchisement or socio-economic betterment. By the early 1850s, many came to see emigration as the solution to their difficulties. This thesis is the first study of pre-1834 free people of colour in post-emancipation Barbados, and one of few to examine both the periods of slavery and postemancipation. By focussing on the intricate relations between free people of colour and slaves/ex-slaves, this thesis shows how emancipation transformed many aspects of social relations in Barbados ― particularly with regard to race, class, labour and gender.
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Ndiaye, David. "Les chambres de commerce napoléoniennes de Gênes, Bruges et Cologne (1802-1815) : intégration impériale, modèles institutionnels et pouvoirs locaux." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC094/document.

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Ce travail s’intéresse aux relations entre l’économie, la société et l’État au travers de la comparaison de trois institutions économiques – les chambres de commerce de Gênes, Bruges et Cologne – dans le contexte de la construction de l’Empire napoléonien. En s’appuyant sur une documentation issue des archives des chambres de commerce dans les trois villes étudiées, de fonds préfectoraux et des archives du ministère de l’Intérieur à Paris, il s’agit d’étudier les modalités du transfert culturel opéré à partir de 1802 avec la création des premières chambres de commerce dans les départements annexés de l’Empire français. Cette perspective, inscrite dans un questionnement global portant sur la rationalité du modèle institutionnel des chambres de commerce napoléoniennes, permet d’analyser les formes d’appropriations locales des institutions et pose la question de la spécificité de ces constructions institutionnelles dans les départements annexés. Ce travail montre que les règles, les ressources et les compétences des chambres sont en grande partie déterminés par les acteurs locaux, plutôt que par l’État. Il souligne également l’enracinement du fonctionnement de ces institutions dans un ensemble de réseaux sociaux et institutionnels construits sur l’initiative des négociants membres des chambres, sur lesquels reposent également les pouvoirs qui leur sont conférés par l’État et son administration dans la régulation des économies locales. Enfin, la localisation des chambres étudiées dans les départements annexés constitue plutôt une ressource dans la mesure où leur position d’intermédiaire auprès de l’État et des négociants locaux est renforcée
Comparing three economic institutions – the chambers of commerce of Genoa, Bruges and Cologne – this research focuses on the relationships between the economy, society and the State at the time of the expansion of Napoleon's Empire.Based on documents from the archives of these three chambers of commerce, as well as on archives from the Prefecture and the Ministry of the Interior in Paris, this research aims to study the process of cultural transfer from 1802 onwards, starting with the creation of the first chambers of commerce in departments annexed by the French Empire. This perspective, which is part of a broader reflection on the rationality of the model of the Napoleonic chambers of commerce, allows us to analyze the degrees of local ownership of the institutions and raises the question of the specific institutional construction of the chambers of commerce in the new French departments.This research intends to show that the rules, resources and competence of the chambers depend mostly on local actors, rather than on the State. It also highlights the fact that the workings of these institutions are rooted in social and institutional networks, established by merchants who are also members of the chambers of commerce. The power to regulate the local economy, vested in the chamber by the State, relies heavily on these valuable networks. Finally, the distant location of the three chambers, in newly annexed departments, proves to be an asset, by strenghtening their position as an intermediary between the State and local merchants
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Kuhlman, Keely Susan. "Transatlantic travel and cultural exchange in the early colonial era the hybrid American female and her new world colony /." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2006/k%5Fkuhlman%5F033106.pdf.

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Woolf, Jeffrey Robert. "The life and responsa of Rabbi Joseph Colon b. Solomon Trabotto (Maharik)." Full text available, 1991. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/er/theses/woolfjr.pdf.

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Stoner, Gregory Harkcom. "POLITICS AND PERSONAL LIFE IN THE ERA OF REVOLUTION: THE TREATMENT AND REINTIGRATION OF ELITE LOYALISTS IN POST-REVOLUTIONARY VIRGINIA." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1105.

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Historians of loyalism in Virginia during the American Revolution typically characterize supporters of the Crown as a small and unorganized group that had little bearing on the outcome of the war. However, these historians greatly underestimate the extent and nature of Virginia loyalists. Patriots throughout the state feared and loathed outright demonstrations of loyalty to the Crown, sought to identify and remove Tories in their communities, and worked to prevent the reentry of these Loyalists into postwar Virginia. Those loyalists who attempted to return to Virginia realized that continual attention was required to shape and present an image that would eliminate questions about their loyalty and protect interests and property.This study examines how a select group of returning loyalists sought to reestablish their citizenship and membership in the postwar Virginia community. To illustrate how young elites successfully negotiated their return into a hostile environment, the specific cases of Presly Thornton, John and Ralph Wormeley, and Philip Turpin are examined in great detail. As sons of well-to-do members of the community, they embraced Virginia's tradition of deference to elites and utilized social, political, and economic connections to achieve readmission. From studying the lives of these young men in the context of the vigorous anti-loyalist sentiment in Virginia, one can better understand the distinctly Virginian attitudes toward both loyalists and members of a select social class.
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Ninnes, Calum Edward. "Behavioural Endocrinology of Breeding Adelie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae)." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2473.

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Measuring hormonal changes is vital for understanding how the social and physical environment influences behaviour, reproduction and survival. Various methods of hormone measurement exist, potentially explaining variation in results across studies; methods should be cross validated to ensure they correlate. I directly compare faecal and plasma hormone measurements (Chapter 2), and use the most suitable endocrine measure to test the Darling hypothesis (Chapter 3) - that breeding is hastened and synchronized in larger colonies due to increased social stimulation (mediated by the endocrine system). Blood and faecal samples were simultaneously collected from individual Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) for comparison, and assayed for testosterone and corticosterone (or their metabolites). Sex differences and variability within each measure, and correlation of values across measures were compared. For both hormones, plasma samples showed greater variation than faecal samples. Males had higher corticosterone levels than females, but the difference was only significant in faecal samples. Plasma testosterone, but not faecal testosterone, was significantly higher in males than females. Correlation between sample types was poor overall, and weaker in females than in males; perhaps because measures from plasma represent hormones that are both free and bound to globulins, whereas measures from faeces represent only the free portion. Faecal samples also represent a cumulative measure of hormones over time, as opposed to a plasma 'snapshot' concentration. Faecal sampling appears more suitable for assessing baseline hormone levels. In the second study I examined, over two seasons, whether the timing of breeding varied with colony size; larger colonies present occupants with higher levels of social stimulation and are predicted to show earlier, more synchronous breeding. Baseline faecal hormone levels throughout the breeding season, and survival, were measured to investigate possible proximate and ultimate mechanisms for the results. The influence of environmental variability was examined, by relating the timing of breeding, survival, and endocrine changes to sea ice conditions. Colony size did not influence the timing or synchrony of breeding, survival, or hormone levels within years; perhaps because colonies in an Adelie rookery are not independent from the 'social environment' of adjacent colonies. Across years, synchrony in the smaller rookery was higher than in the larger rookery. The scale of these comparisons may exceed the applicability of the Darling hypothesis. Therefore, no support was found for the Darling hypothesis, at the colony or rookery level, in this species. Higher corticosterone metabolite and lower sex hormone levels in the first season correlated to later breeding and lower survival compared to the second season. This is likely due to the persistence of extensive sea ice conditions late into the first season. Researchers should take care in selecting the most appropriate method of hormone measurement for their question. Future studies testing the Darling hypothesis must carefully select their definition of a colony (i.e. a truly isolated social unit) and the scale at which the hypothesis is tested. Combining endocrine measurements with behavioural, survival, and environmental information allows for a more comprehensive interpretation of animal ecology.
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Savalle, Caroline. "Premiers contacts entre britanniques et indiens d'Amérique du Nord et conséquences sur leurs modes de vie respectifs." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR2017/document.

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Ce travail s’attache à étudier les conséquences qu’ont eu les contacts entre Britanniques et populations amérindiennes sur le mode de vie de ces deux populations dès leur première rencontre. L’idée reçue veut que seuls les Britanniques aient laissé (et lourdement) leur empreinte sur le sol et les peuples qu’ils ont rencontrés à leur arrivée sur le nouveau continent. Or le sujet est ici plutôt celui d’une influence réciproque dans une certaine mesure, au vu de données archéologiques, historiques et ethnohistoriques. Les angles d’étude choisis sont les habitudes et comportements liés directement ou non à l’alimentation (comment se procuraient-ils leur nourriture, comment la cuisinaient-ils, la partageaient-ils, quels liens sociaux découlaient de ces procédés,… ?), les différences culturelles et les rapports aux autres (autres tribus, colons originaires d’autres nations européennes…) qu’ils soient amicaux ou hostiles, diplomatiques ou économiques
This study investigates the consequences that contacts between British people and Native American populations had on their respective ways of life. There is a widespread cliché in people’s minds according to which only British people would have had (heavily) left their marks on the North American ground and peoples that they encountered. Nevertheless, and contrarily to this idea, we shall tackle here their reciprocal influence, that is the way in which Native tribes also deeply impacted British colonists’ everyday life in the New World. We were able to witness such an influence thanks to archaeological, historical and ethnohistorical evidence. Various angles of study were chosen for this paper: the cultural habits and behaviors directly or indirectly linked to food (how did people have access to food supplies? How were foodstuffs prepared or cooked? Were food and/or meals shared? Which social links and practices -if any- derived from such habits?...). We shall also have to present to the audience what Native people’s connections and attitudes towards other tribes, or colonists from different European nations, were. And these could have been friendly, diplomatic, economical or even hostile relationships, implying political management and thinking ahead of taking actions, which was commonly omitted in the past
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McMahon, JF. "External and internal security in the Australian colonies from their founding to the end of the Macquarie era." Thesis, 2004. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20579/1/whole_McMahonJohnFarquhar2004_thesis.pdf.

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This thesis considers external and internal security in the Australian colonies from the founding of New South Wales to the end of the Macquarie era. As history is a continuum, matters outside the nominated time frame of 1788 to 1821 are, where relevant, considered. This study is not a sociological history of British forces, nor concerned with their many roles, unless applicable. However, to appreciate European concepts of sovereignty which influenced Pitt's government in selecting secure colonial borders, consideration is given to the discovery of New Holland and New South Wales. New South Wales lay athwart zones of strategic interest to the Dutch in the East Indies and the Spanish in the Pacific. Spanish claims were ignored, but to prevent international tension with Holland, Britain selectively prescribed the colony's western border. Additionally, with France, under the Bourbons and Napoleon, apparently planning settlements in Australia, Britain established outposts at Norfolk Island, Risdon Cove and Port Phillip, After 1815, possible Dutch and French intrusion in the region saw the establishment of outposts at Melville Island, Albany and Westernport. At Swan River in 1829, sovereignty was proclaimed and a settlement established, ensuring the whole of Australia became a British domain. The garrisons' internal security role was to support and defend the civil power. From the arrival of the Second Fleet in 1790, until 1810, the New South Wales Corps carried out these duties (receiving historical notoriety for their insurrection in 1808). Thereafter, other regiments were posted to the colony for shorter periods. Tasks included guarding convicts, hunting bushrangers, and protecting settlers on the spreading colonial borders. The Castle Hill Rebellion of 1804, was the most serious internal security situation faced. After the Napoleonic Wars, economic stringencies seriously limited the garrison's strength, yet the number of convicts transported significantly increased, placing a heavy load on the security forces. Until 1810, internal security was weakened by a long running struggle for domination between the military and civil powers. This commenced with Marine officers' dissatisfaction with Phillip's government and culminated with the New South Wales Corps mutiny against Bligh. From 1810, Macquarie established the primacy of the civil over the military power. By his departure in 1821, Sydney Cove had developed from a penal settlement into a colony ready for civic reforms resulting from the Bigge Inquiry. Maintenance of internal security allowed colonial development to take place, whilst threats to external security were the prime reason for the continent of Australia coming under British sovereignty.
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Books on the topic "Colonne Era"

1

Knight, Alan. Mexico: The colonial era. Cambridge, UK ; New York, N.Y., USA: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

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Smith, Babette. Australia's birthstain: The startling legacy of the convict era. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 2009.

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1944-, Hoffer Peter Charles, ed. The Context of colonization: Selected articles on Britain in the era of American colonization. New York: Garland Pub., 1988.

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The Ismailis in the colonial era: Modernity, empire and Islam. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009.

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Beauregard, Efraín Baldrich. La era de Francia en Santo Domingo = La période française à Saint Domingue: 1795-1808). Santo Domingo: Quinta Dominica, 2010.

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1955-, Adams W. M., and Mulligan Martin, eds. Decolonizing nature: Strategies for conservation in a post-colonial era. London: Earthscan Publications, 2003.

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The loyal Atlantic: Remaking the British Atlantic in the Revolutionary era. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012.

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Italian national identity in the scramble for Africa: Italy's African wars in the era of nation-building, 1870-1900. Bern: Peter Lang, 2009.

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Finaldi, Giuseppe. Italian national identity in the scramble for Africa: Italy's African wars in the era of nation-building, 1870-1900. Bern: Peter Lang, 2009.

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Finaldi, Giuseppe. Italian national identity in the scramble for africa: Italy's African wars in the era of nation-building, 1870-1900. Bern: Peter Lang, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Colonne Era"

1

Lunde, Arne. "The Scandinavian Colonies of Silent-Era Hollywood." In A Companion to Nordic Cinema, 396–416. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118475300.ch18.

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Fechner, Heiner. "Standard-Setting in Colonial Labour Regulation and the Great Depression." In International Impacts on Social Policy, 331–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86645-7_26.

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AbstractThe Great Depression (1929–1939) can be seen as an international turning point in labour regulation in the colonies of European imperial powers in Sub-Sahara Africa. The context of the Great Depression essentially marked the beginning of the end of the era of post-slavery labour “market-making”, witnessing the move away from forced labour, first steps towards protection of employees and changes in form, length, administrative and penal framing of individual labour relations. The article traces the main features of labour-related legislation and its changes, reflecting modes of production, racial labour relations, the changing role of colonial administration and the contribution of the International Labour Organisation to legal developments especially in British, French and German Sub-Sahara colonies.
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Borucki, Alex. "African Experiences in the Slave Routes to the Rio de la Plata During the Viceregal Era." In The Rio de la Plata from Colony to Nations, 133–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60323-6_8.

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Butler, Lindley S. "The Carolana Propriety." In A History of North Carolina in the Proprietary Era, 1629-1729, 36–51. University of North Carolina Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469667560.003.0003.

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This chapter goes over the Roanoke Colony and what became of them, as well as the war between England, Spain, and France. Evidence of early trading between Colonel Francis Yeardley and local Native Americans. Maps of rivers including the Chowan, Little Pasquotank, and Scuppernong are discussed. The mention of the Great Dismal Swamp along abandoned Native American towns leads to the discussion of tis importance to where new colonies would be established.
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Jones, Michael J., and David Stocker. "The Colonia Era." In The City by the Pool, 56–140. Oxbow Books, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2p7j5sw.12.

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Guerrieri, Pilar Maria. "Urban Areas and Colonies." In Negotiating Cultures, 47–96. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199479580.003.0003.

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This chapter analyses local transformations and adaptations on the more restricted scale of single colonies. The colonies, through which the megalopolis grew, especially after Independence, are part British and part American in heritage, with local reinterpretations and certain Japanese influences. The study discusses how these colonies were established in the first place by the British in the nineteenth century and were home to the rich upper class or aristocratic English, who wished to move out of Shahjahanabad. Later on, towards the end of the colonial era, Indians and lower level government employees lived in neighbourhoods such as Jangpura, Karol Bagh and Lodi Colony. Finally, after independence, colonies became the main way of building the megalopolis. An interesting aspect in post- Independence colonies such as Malviya Nagar is that residence and industrial plots are kept within the same colony, becoming bulwarks to the concept of zoning imported by the Americans.
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Butler, Lindley S. "A Pirate Haven." In A History of North Carolina in the Proprietary Era, 1629-1729, 302–25. University of North Carolina Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469667560.003.0015.

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The arrival of infamous pirates such as Blackbeard into North Carolina is discussed throughout this chapter. The economic impact pirates had on the colonies is mentioned. The ways in which colony leaders dealt with the issue of pirates is also discussed.
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Alston, David. "Northern Scotland–Investments." In Slaves and Highlanders, 211–39. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474427302.003.0010.

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Describes how wealth from the Caribbean was used in attempts to transform the Highlands and how the economy of the Highlands was intertwined both with trade to and from the British colonies and with the financial systems on which the slave plantations depended. Includes arguments against the view that the Highlands in the era British colonial slavery can be thought to be a colony of, or an ‘internal colony’ within, the British Empire.
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Butler, Lindley S. "Carolina." In A History of North Carolina in the Proprietary Era, 1629-1729, 52–73. University of North Carolina Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469667560.003.0004.

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The beginning of English settlements in the New World and the history of its founders is discussed in this chapter. The life history of the eight proprietors is told throughout the chapter and discusses events that led to the settlement of the first colonies. The first colony under proprietary governance was the Cape Fear settlement. Later in the chapter, the framework for future colonies including North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and the offshore Bahamas is constructed through Carolina’s proprietary charters as well as its constitutions.
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"Chapter Five. The Tagore Era." In The Idea of a Colony. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442681477-007.

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Conference papers on the topic "Colonne Era"

1

Tornich, Carolina de Campos. "Os silêncios na arte contemporânea sul-africana a partir de Willie Bester." In Encontro de História da Arte. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/eha.12.2017.4503.

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Willie Bester é um artista sul-africano que tem sua história marcada pelo silêncio. Nascido em Montagu, próximo à Cidade do Cabo em 1956, é filho de mãe xhosa e pai classificado como “coloured” pela classificação elaborada pelo regime do apartheid. Sua origem demonstra uma fuga ao comum, já que na época não esperava-se que houvesse união entre "diferentes". Bester, fruto de tal união, foi classificado como "other coloure" e viveu segregado em uma township durante toda a sua infância.
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Ntozi, James, and George Kibirige. "Three decades of training government statistical staff in developing countries: the African experience." In Proceedings of the First Scientific Meeting of the IASE. International Association for Statistical Education, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.93402.

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Almost all official statistical services in Africa were introduced during the colonial era with the setting up of statistical units in the colonies and territories whose functions were largely determined by the ruling colonial powers. In East Africa, the service was set up in 1926 as the Statistical Section of the East African Governors' Conference with a mandate of "collecting statistics gradually, on the same method, throughout the territories, and to tabulate and compare results so that true inferences can be drawn" (Singh, 1971). Nigeria's statistical office was established in 1947 wither personnel deployed from the Treasury, Customs and Office of the Chief Secretary.
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Sirois, Michael, Mathieu Bouchard, and Ahmed Sweedy. "Advanced Eddy Current Array Tools for Stress Corrosion Cracking Direct Assessment on Pipelines." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9335.

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Abstract Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI) has been the main reference for Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) detection in pipeline integrity for years. Although this technique is relatively economical and easy to deploy — thanks to a large pool of certified technicians — it remains time consuming and highly user dependent. Some of the factors impacting results during SCC Direct Assessment (SCCDA) include the total surface area requiring examination, hard-to-reach positions underneath pipes during inspection, improper surface preparation due to poor sandblast or contrast, condensation on pipes, and operator fatigue. Recent trials have proved that Eddy Current Array (ECA) technology compares favorably against MPI on many aspects in the field, and that ECA has the potential to become the new standard for SCCDA on pipelines. Offering an impressive speed, combined with a particularly high Probability of Detection (PoD), ECA could transform the work of technicians in ditches and above all, offer greater control over the human factor. Besides detection, ECA has also proven its reliability for SCC characterization on real SCC colonies in both lab and field environments. Comparisons to metallography sections, grinding measurements and X-Ray Computed Tomography (XCT) data have greatly contributed to optimized depth sizing algorithms for this new solution, providing accurate SCC depth readings. Although ECA and Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) are often complementary techniques in the field, the main advantage of ECA over PAUT resides in the short amount of time required to locate and size the deepest cracks among colonies containing sometimes thousands of cracks. Within a few minutes, technicians and engineers know where to concentrate and how critical SCC really is so that decisions can be made instantly. Combining ease of use and repeatability (ways to control the human factor) is another key benefit of ECA technology. This paper provides information about a complete ECA solution for SCC detection and depth sizing on pipelines. It reveals results from the field, comparing ECA with MPI, covering several key points and demonstrating how ECA stands out as improving the overall screening process efficiency during examinations in digs. Furthermore, it also exposes and compares ECA data with both destructive and non-destructive testing performed on test pieces containing real SCC.
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WANG, Lei, Jingcao CAI, Zhihu LIU, and Chaomin LUO. "An Improved Ant Colony Optimization for Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem." In 2017 International Conference on Electronic Industry and Automation (EIA 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/eia-17.2017.5.

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KIM, JIN YOUNG, Sojin Shin, Mi Hwa Heo, and Kang Kook Lee. "Abstract CT222: Colon cancer in elderly patients: Retrospective analysis of targeted therapy era." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-ct222.

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Tahir, Azian, Zarlina Mohd Zamari, Nur Adibah Nadiah Mohd Aripin, Noor Enfendi Desa, Syed Alwi Syed Abu Bakar, Faridah Hanim Abdul Wahab, and Arba’iyah Mohd Noor. "Contribution of Artists Through Printing as Visual Communication Medium Among Colonies During the British Era in Malaya." In International Conference of Innovation in Media and Visual Design (IMDES 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201202.078.

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Tilman, Jessica, Peter Barnes, and Louise Donnelly. "Colony stimulating factors cannot correct defective phagocytosis in COPD lung tissue macrophages." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa3974.

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Kuşçu, Ayşe Dudu. "Role of Seljuk Maritime Trade on the Integration of Anatolian Economy with World Economy." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01533.

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It was not only Turkish history to be changed when Seljuk conquered Anatolia but also the destiny of Anatolia changed. Anatolia that was the center of east – west and north – south trade since Assyria trade colonies was lost its commercial importance during the conquer by Turks, long time ago. Before Seljuk, the region was a part of the Byzantine Empire and it lost its commercial activities. It was a long time for Seljuk to revitalise the Anatolian trade. The war in Myriokephalon reduced the problems of Turkish Seljuk and enabled the establishment of a strong state in Anatolia. Myriokephalon War deeply impacted Byzantine and the Seljuk Sultan Kılıç Arslan focused on to develop the economy of the county and made very important achievements. He was the first who tried to conquer Antalya that is a port city. Kılıç Arslan and succeeding Sultans of Seljuk State followed the same path. Izeddin Keykavus conquered Sinop. Alâeddin Keykubâd conquered Alanya, so Seljuk had its third port city. The volume of domestic and international trade of Seljuk made it very powerful economy of the region. In this study, the factors which made for Seljuk to conquer these port cities in the Black Sea and Mediterranean easy, and the contribution of maritime trade to Seljuk economy, with reference to the sources form the era.
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Sanabrias, R., R. Laporta, M. Aguilar, M. T. Lázaro, C. García, S. Aguado, A. Royuela, and M. P. Ussetti. "Impact of neutropenia and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment in lung transplant recipients." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.2947.

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Donohue, Brian P. "Seattle Center Monorail Train Refurbishment Program." In ASME 2011 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2011-67021.

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Long the iconic transportation symbol of Seattle, the monorail system was constructed for the 1962 World’s Fair. Seattle’s monorail vehicles were the last and most technically advanced vehicles designed and built by the firm of Alweg-Forschung, GmbH (Alweg) of Cologne, Germany. The primary train operating systems and components were supplied by major US transit system equipment vendors of that era, including G.E., WABCO, and Rockwell. The two, 4-car train’s original layout and function generally conformed to US transit rail equipment standards and design practices of the early 1960s. However, during 45-years of near-continuous, revenue operation that included upgrades, piecemeal refurbishment projects and accident/incident repairs, many changes were made to the original design with varying levels of success and documentation. In 2007, a small team of Seattle Monorail staff and consultants identified the vehicle systems and components that were most urgently in need of replacement or overhaul given the limited funding and time available for completion of design work, preparation of contractor bid documentation and construction. Project funding was primarily via a grant from the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), supplemented by the City of Seattle. The historical significance of the Seattle Monorail was at the center of the refurbishment program, with great care in functional design, aesthetics and construction being exercised throughout the program until completion in 2010. The modernization included the installation and integration of: communications-based train control; programmable logic controllers (PLC’s) for auxiliary systems; redundancy and interlocking of key safety-related components; streamlined controls that lead to significant weight savings and increased reliability; modern components to address ADA compliance; and ergonomic Driver Cabs. This report discusses the Seattle Center Monorail Refurbishment Program given the unique opportunity to modernize two historic pieces of transportation rolling stock that is anticipated to run in revenue service for the next 45 years.
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Reports on the topic "Colonne Era"

1

Yilmaz, Ihsan, Raja M. Ali Saleem, Mahmoud Pargoo, Syaza Shukri, Idznursham Ismail, and Kainat Shakil. Religious Populism, Cyberspace and Digital Authoritarianism in Asia: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Turkey. European Center for Populism Studies, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/5jchdy.

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Turkey, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia span one of the longest continuously inhabited regions of the world. Centuries of cultural infusion have ensured these societies are highly heterogeneous. As plural polities, they are ripe for the kind of freedoms that liberal democracy can guarantee. However, despite having multi-party electoral systems, these countries have recently moved toward populist authoritarianism. Populism —once considered a distinctively Latin American problem that only seldom reared its head in other parts of the world— has now found a home in almost every corner of the planet. Moreover, it has latched on to religion, which, as history reminds us, has an unparalleled power to mobilize crowds. This report explores the unique nexus between faith and populism in our era and offers an insight into how cyberspace and offline politics have become highly intertwined to create a hyper-reality in which socio-political events are taking place. The report focuses, in particular, on the role of religious populism in digital space as a catalyst for undemocratic politics in the five Asian countries we have selected as our case studies. The focus on the West Asian and South Asian cases is an opportunity to examine authoritarian religious populists in power, whereas the East Asian countries showcase powerful authoritarian religious populist forces outside parliament. This report compares internet governance in each of these countries under three categories: obstacles to access, limits on content, and violations of user rights. These are the digital toolkits that authorities use to govern digital space. Our case selection and research focus have allowed us to undertake a comparative analysis of different types of online restrictions in these countries that constrain space foropposition and democratic voices while simultaneously making room for authoritarian religious populist narratives to arise and flourish. The report finds that surveillance, censorship, disinformation campaigns, internet shutdowns, and cyber-attacks—along with targeted arrests and violence spreading from digital space—are common features of digital authoritarianism. In each case, it is also found that religious populist forces co-opt political actors in their control of cyberspace. The situational analysis from five countries indicates that religion’s role in digital authoritarianism is quite evident, adding to the layer of nationalism. Most of the leaders in power use religious justifications for curbs on the internet. Religious leaders support these laws as a means to restrict “moral ills” such as blasphemy, pornography, and the like. This evident “religious populism” seems to be a major driver of policy changes that are limiting civil liberties in the name of “the people.” In the end, the reasons for restricting digital space are not purely religious but draw on religious themes with populist language in a mixed and hybrid fashion. Some common themes found in all the case studies shed light on the role of digital space in shaping politics and society offline and vice versa. The key findings of our survey are as follows: The future of (especially) fragile democracies is highly intertwined with digital space. There is an undeniable nexus between faith and populism which offers an insight into how cyberspace and politics offline have become highly intertwined. Religion and politics have merged in these five countries to shape cyber governance. The cyber governance policies of populist rulers mirror their undemocratic, repressive, populist, and authoritarian policies offline. As a result, populist authoritarianism in the non-digital world has increasingly come to colonize cyberspace, and events online are more and more playing a role in shaping politics offline. “Morality” is a common theme used to justify the need for increasingly draconian digital laws and the active monopolization of cyberspace by government actors. Islamist and Hindutva trolls feel an unprecedented sense of cyber empowerment, hurling abuse without physically seeing the consequences or experiencing the emotional and psychological damage inflicted on their victims.
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Yilmaz, Ihsan, Raja M. Ali Saleem, Mahmoud Pargoo, Syaza Shukri, Idznursham Ismail, and Kainat Shakil. Religious Populism, Cyberspace and Digital Authoritarianism in Asia: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Turkey. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0001.

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Turkey, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia span one of the longest continuously inhabited regions of the world. Centuries of cultural infusion have ensured these societies are highly heterogeneous. As plural polities, they are ripe for the kind of freedoms that liberal democracy can guarantee. However, despite having multi-party electoral systems, these countries have recently moved toward populist authoritarianism. Populism —once considered a distinctively Latin American problem that only seldom reared its head in other parts of the world— has now found a home in almost every corner of the planet. Moreover, it has latched on to religion, which, as history reminds us, has an unparalleled power to mobilize crowds. This report explores the unique nexus between faith and populism in our era and offers an insight into how cyberspace and offline politics have become highly intertwined to create a hyper-reality in which socio-political events are taking place. The report focuses, in particular, on the role of religious populism in digital space as a catalyst for undemocratic politics in the five Asian countries we have selected as our case studies. The focus on the West Asian and South Asian cases is an opportunity to examine authoritarian religious populists in power, whereas the East Asian countries showcase powerful authoritarian religious populist forces outside parliament. This report compares internet governance in each of these countries under three categories: obstacles to access, limits on content, and violations of user rights. These are the digital toolkits that authorities use to govern digital space. Our case selection and research focus have allowed us to undertake a comparative analysis of different types of online restrictions in these countries that constrain space foropposition and democratic voices while simultaneously making room for authoritarian religious populist narratives to arise and flourish. The report finds that surveillance, censorship, disinformation campaigns, internet shutdowns, and cyber-attacks—along with targeted arrests and violence spreading from digital space—are common features of digital authoritarianism. In each case, it is also found that religious populist forces co-opt political actors in their control of cyberspace. The situational analysis from five countries indicates that religion’s role in digital authoritarianism is quite evident, adding to the layer of nationalism. Most of the leaders in power use religious justifications for curbs on the internet. Religious leaders support these laws as a means to restrict “moral ills” such as blasphemy, pornography, and the like. This evident “religious populism” seems to be a major driver of policy changes that are limiting civil liberties in the name of “the people.” In the end, the reasons for restricting digital space are not purely religious but draw on religious themes with populist language in a mixed and hybrid fashion. Some common themes found in all the case studies shed light on the role of digital space in shaping politics and society offline and vice versa. The key findings of our survey are as follows: The future of (especially) fragile democracies is highly intertwined with digital space. There is an undeniable nexus between faith and populism which offers an insight into how cyberspace and politics offline have become highly intertwined. Religion and politics have merged in these five countries to shape cyber governance. The cyber governance policies of populist rulers mirror their undemocratic, repressive, populist, and authoritarian policies offline. As a result, populist authoritarianism in the non-digital world has increasingly come to colonize cyberspace, and events online are more and more playing a role in shaping politics offline. “Morality” is a common theme used to justify the need for increasingly draconian digital laws and the active monopolization of cyberspace by government actors. Islamist and Hindutva trolls feel an unprecedented sense of cyber empowerment, hurling abuse without physically seeing the consequences or experiencing the emotional and psychological damage inflicted on their victims.
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