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Journal articles on the topic 'Colonization'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Freitas, Amanda Osório Ayres de, Celuta Sales Alviano, Daniela Sales Alviano, José Freitas Siqueira Jr, Lincoln Issamu Nojima, and Matilde da Cunha Gonçalves Nojima. "Microbial colonization in orthodontic mini-implants." Brazilian Dental Journal 23, no. 4 (2012): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402012000400019.

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Peri-implant inflammation contributes for loss of secondary stability of orthodontic mini-implants. The investigation of microbial colonization in this area would benefit its control, and consequently favor the long-term success of mini-implants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the establishment and the evolution of microbial colonization process in orthodontic mini-implants for 3 months, since the time of their installation. One-hundred and fifty samples collected from 15 mini-implants were investigated from baseline up to 3 months. The biological material was obtained from peri-implant area using paper points. Nonspecific, Streptococcus spp, Lactobacillus casei and Candida spp colonizations were analyzed by cell growth methods. Porphyromonas gingivalis colonization was observed by 16S rDNA-directed polymerase chain reaction. Data from cell growth were submitted to the Wilcoxon sign rank test and results from molecular analysis were presented in a descriptive way. There was no significant difference in the microbial colonization among the examined time intervals, except for Streptococcus spp, between baseline and 24 h, which characterized the initial colonization in this time interval. Lactobacillus casei and Candida spp colonizations were insignificant. No Porphyromonas gingivalis was detected among the analyzed samples. The microbial colonization of mini-implants did not significantly change during the study. However, it should be monitored by orthodontists, since it is an important factor for mini-implants success.

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Miller, Elizabeth Christina, Kenji T. Hayashi, Dongyuan Song, and John J. Wiens. "Explaining the ocean's richest biodiversity hotspot and global patterns of fish diversity." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1888 (October 10, 2018): 20181314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1314.

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For most marine organisms, species richness peaks in the Central Indo-Pacific region and declines longitudinally, a striking pattern that remains poorly understood. Here, we used phylogenetic approaches to address the causes of richness patterns among global marine regions, comparing the relative importance of colonization time, number of colonization events, and diversification rates (speciation minus extinction). We estimated regional richness using distributional data for almost all percomorph fishes (17 435 species total, including approximately 72% of all marine fishes and approximately 33% of all freshwater fishes). The high diversity of the Central Indo-Pacific was explained by its colonization by many lineages 5.3–34 million years ago. These relatively old colonizations allowed more time for richness to build up through in situ diversification compared to other warm-marine regions. Surprisingly, diversification rates were decoupled from marine richness patterns, with clades in low-richness cold-marine habitats having the highest rates. Unlike marine richness, freshwater diversity was largely derived from a few ancient colonizations, coupled with high diversification rates. Our results are congruent with the geological history of the marine tropics, and thus may apply to many other organisms. Beyond marine biogeography, we add to the growing number of cases where colonization and time-for-speciation explain large-scale richness patterns instead of diversification rates.

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Trask, Haunani‐Kay. "Colonization." Peace Review 10, no. 3 (September 1998): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659808426173.

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Pool, Ian. "Maori Health, Colonization and Post-Colonization." Journal of Northern Studies 10, no. 2 (May 29, 2017): 19–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/jns.v10i2.846.

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The Māori of Aotearoa New Zealand are a case-study of the negative impacts of colonization on the health of precursor peoples, such as indigenous peoples in Australia, the Americas, and northern Eurasia. But, colonization has such effects regardless of whether colonized peoples eventually become “independent,” or are swamped demographically and politically by a settler population. Indigenous peoples still suffer “internal colonialism” after their country becomes independent (from the United Kingdom for Aotearoa), even in social democracies, simply because majorities, through benign neglect or paternalism, often fail to meet the particular needs of indigenous citizens. Incidentally, “independent” ex-colonies do not escape post-colonialism, because they are subject to interventions by powerful international and bi-lateral agencies, such as structural adjustment policies imposed by the World Bank. This paper uses the epidemiological transition framework, but questions its application to colonized peoples, who often, contrary to the paradigm’s deterministic principle of progress, may suffer “regression” as their very survival is threatened by newly introduced diseases to which they have no immunity. Some, not Māori, even go through demographic collapses.” The eventual Māori transition did follow the conventional framework, but in its “delayed” form. Finally the paper shifts from theoretical dimensions into praxis: health services. It identifies stages in the evolution of these as they affect indigenous people. This is a more detailed overview than the conventional view: a shift from social determinants of health change to the impacts of public health interventions, and from the domination of communicable diseases to non-communicable.

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Lanzas, Cristina, and Erik R. Dubberke. "Effectiveness of Screening Hospital Admissions to Detect Asymptomatic Carriers of Clostridium difficile: A Modeling Evaluation." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 35, no. 8 (August 2014): 1043–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/677162.

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ObjectiveBoth asymptomatic and symptomatic Clostridium difficile carriers contribute to new colonizations and infections within a hospital, but current control strategies focus only on preventing transmission from symptomatic carriers. Our objective was to evaluate the potential effectiveness of methods targeting asymptomatic carriers to control C. difficile colonization and infection (CDI) rates in a hospital ward: screening patients at admission to detect asymptomatic C. difficile carriers and placing positive patients into contact precautions.MethodsWe developed an agent-based transmission model for C. difficile that incorporates screening and contact precautions for asymptomatic carriers in a hospital ward. We simulated scenarios that vary according to screening test characteristics, colonization prevalence, and type of strain present at admission.ResultsIn our baseline scenario, on average, 42% of CDI cases were community-onset cases. Within the hospital-onset (HO) cases, approximately half were patients admitted as asymptomatic carriers who became symptomatic in the ward. On average, testing for asymptomatic carriers reduced the number of new colonizations and HO-CDI cases by 40%–50% and 10%–25%, respectively, compared with the baseline scenario. Test sensitivity, turnaround time, colonization prevalence at admission, and strain type had significant effects on testing efficacy.ConclusionsTesting for asymptomatic carriers at admission may reduce both the number of new colonizations and HO-CDI cases. Additional reductions could be achieved by preventing disease in patients who are admitted as asymptomatic carriers and developed CDI during the hospital stay.

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Ozaki, Eijiro, Haru Kato, Hiroyuki Kita, Tadahiro Karasawa, Tsuneo Maegawa, Youko Koino, Kazumasa Matsumoto, et al. "Clostridium difficile colonization in healthy adults: transient colonization and correlation with enterococcal colonization." Journal of Medical Microbiology 53, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.05376-0.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the colonization status of Clostridium difficile in healthy individuals. In total, 139 healthy adults from two study groups were examined at intervals of 3 months. Among the 18 positive subjects, the number of subjects from whom C. difficile was isolated once, twice, three times or four times was 10 (55.6 %), three (16.7 %), two (11.1 %) and three (16.7 %), respectively. In the student group, different subjects were colonized by different PCR ribotype/PFGE types. However, the same PCR ribotype/PFGE types of C. difficile were isolated from different subjects in the employee group, indicating that cross-transmission may have occurred in this group. Continuous colonization by the same PCR ribotype/PFGE type was only observed in three subjects. C. difficile-positive subjects were significantly more densely colonized by enterococci (P < 0.05) than C. difficile-negative subjects: subjects that were found to be C. difficile-positive three or four times appeared to have higher concentrations of enterococci. The present results demonstrate that, although colonization by a C. difficile strain is transient in many cases, there are healthy individuals that are colonized persistently by C. difficile. They also suggest that dense colonization of the intestine by enterococci may be associated with C. difficile colonization.

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Davis, E. Anne, and J. L. Young. "Endomycorrhizal colonization of glasshouse-grown wheat as influenced by fertilizer salts when banded or soil-mixed." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 7 (July 1, 1985): 1196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-165.

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Seven different species from three genera of common vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi differed in the extent of their root colonization and in their effect on growth of winter wheat when applied in combination with different forms of nitrogen ([Formula: see text] vs. [Formula: see text]) and fertilizer anions (Cl−, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), treatments that influence other soil fungi such as the take-all disease organism, Gaeumannomyces graminis tritici. Banded fertilizer salts, singly and in combinations, were more inhibitory to root colonization by most VAM species than were incorporated salts. [Formula: see text] salts were more inhibitory to both wheat growth and VAM development than were [Formula: see text] salts. Two Glomus species, G. clarum and G. fasciculatum, appeared to be salt tolerant, developing abundant vesicles, hyphae, and colonizations to near 50% in the presence of incorporated (NH4)2SO4 or NH4Cl. However, colonizations often were not indicative of growth responses; e.g., colonizations of 10% by Gigaspora gilmorei or 20 to 40% by Glomus species often depressed growth, whereas 5 to 10% colonization by Acaulospora spinosa in the presence of NH4Cl + KCl stimulated growth significantly. The effect of Cl− (with [Formula: see text]) in suppressing the pathogenic take-all fungus did not occur with symbiotic VAM fungi. The results indicate the relative effectiveness of certain species in tolerating liberal fertilization as well as their potential for stimulating or depressing plant growth.

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Mason, Carol M., Steve Nelson, and Warren R. Summer. "BACTERIAL COLONIZATION." Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America 13, no. 1 (February 1993): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8561(22)00433-7.

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9

Eagan, Jennifer. "Colonization: Introduction." Administrative Theory & Praxis 32, no. 4 (December 2010): 598–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/atp1084-1806320406.

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Margitay-Becht, András, and Dana R. Herrera. "Virtual colonization." Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences 14, no. 2 (2006): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pp.so.2006-2.03.

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Hall, Martin. "Virtual Colonization." Journal of Material Culture 4, no. 1 (March 1999): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135918359900400103.

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12

O'Connell, David. "Colonization control." Nature Reviews Microbiology 2, no. 6 (June 2004): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro916.

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SHEPHERD, ROBERT. "Space colonization." Nature 326, no. 6109 (March 1987): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/326124c0.

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Matthew McKenzie. "Naming Colonization." Massachusetts Historical Review 19 (2017): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.5224/masshistrevi.19.2017.0153.

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CLYDE, WALLACE A. "Ureaplasma colonization." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 5, Supplement (November 1986): S275–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198611010-00016.

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Vollaard, E. J., and H. A. Clasener. "Colonization resistance." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 38, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.38.3.409.

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Lorian, V. "Colonization resistance." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 38, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.38.7.1693.

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John, Joseph F., and Annette C. Reboli. "MRSA Colonization." Infection Control 8, no. 11 (November 1987): 445–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700069733.

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Marling, William 1951. "Coca-colonization." American Quarterly 48, no. 4 (1996): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aq.1996.0042.

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Vigneron, Madeleine. "Performing Colonization:." Living Histories: A Past Studies Journal 3, no. 1 (May 14, 2024): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/lhps.v3i1.17235.

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Theatre is always influenced by the culture in which it is performed, and can be employed as an ideological tool to influence its cultural context in return. This article assesses the role of European theatre practices in the ideological colonization of the Americas. World’s Fairs, Wild West shows, and Christian pageant theatre are methods by which colonial ideology was communicated to audiences and performances, and sites of resistance for Indigenous performers in the past and the present.

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Ochotorena, Elena, Juan José Hernández Morante, Rubén Cañavate, Roberto Andrés Villegas, and Inmaculada Viedma. "Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Other Multidrug-Resistant Colonizations/Infections in an Intensive Care Unit: Predictive Factors." Biological Research For Nursing 21, no. 2 (December 11, 2018): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800418818387.

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Introduction and Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most prevalent pathogen causing nosocomial infections in hospitals and health centers. This work is an effort to understand the epidemiology of MRSA and other multidrug-resistant pathogens in an intensive care unit (ICU) and to analyze characteristics that might determine the risk of MRSA colonization/infection in this unit. Method: An observational, 1-year prospective longitudinal study was conducted to obtain information about MRSA and other multidrug-resistant colonizations/infections. The study was conducted with ICU patients with an artificial airway. Data were obtained from the National Study of the Control of Nosocomial Infections in Intensive Care Units database. Results: MRSA colonization was highly prevalent (33%); however, other pathogens like gram(−) Bacillus showed a higher infectious potency. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE-II) score >15 and hospital stay of >4 days were the main variables that significantly predicted the risk of developing MRSA colonization ( p < .001 in both cases). Moreover, the presence of MRSA increased the risk of developing a second multidrug-resistant colonization/infection, especially with methicillin-resistant Pseudomona. Discussion: The high prevalence of MRSA emphasizes the need to continue studying risk factors for MRSA colonization/infection, which may allow early identification of this pathogen. Therefore, we propose the use of the APACHE-II score and length of hospital stay to predict increased risk of MRSA colonization. Awareness of the heightened risk in particular patients could lead to early detection and prevention.

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Avakov, R. "Colonization and De-colonization: Evolution of Developing Countries." World Economy and International Relations, no. 9 (2000): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2000-9-3-10.

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Balkhy, H. H., Z. A. Memish, M. A. Almuneef, G. C. Cunningham, C. Francis, K. C. Fong, Z. B. Nazeer, and E. Tannous. "Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A 5-Year Review of Surveillance Data in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 28, no. 8 (August 2007): 976–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/519176.

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Background.Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that leads to serious infections in the community and in hospitals. Evidence has shown that the prevalence of infection and colonization with drug-resistant S. aureus, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and glycopeptide intermediately susceptible S. aureus, is increasing. Authorities must be aware of the prevalence of MRSA infection and colonization in their country in order to implement and monitor infection control policies that help curtail further emergence of this pathogen.Objectives.To examine the trend of hospital-acquired MRSA infection and colonization in a tertiary care institution in Saudi Arabia during a 5-year period in order to identify specific areas at high risk for MRSA transmission, and to review our MRSA decolonization procedure and outcomes.Methods.Surveillance data prospectively collected from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2004, on hospital-acquired (HA) MRSA were analyzed, with an emphasis on the trend of HA-MRSA infection and colonization, areas of high transmission, risk factors, and effectiveness of the implemented decolonization policy.Results.During the study period, 442 cases of HA-MRSA infection and colonization were identified. Of these, 51.2% were infections, and 48.8% were colonizations. An increasing trend in the incidence rates of infection and colonization was noticed during the study period, and most cases were identified on the surgical ward (33.3%) and medical ward (32.1%). Of the 34 infected patients who underwent systematic decolonization, 35.3% were successfully decolonized, and of the 11 who underwent topical decolonization, 63.6% were successfully decolonized.Conclusion.The increasing trend of HA-MRSA infections has been a noticeable global problem. We identified a gradual increase in the rates of MRSA colonization and infection in a tertiary care center Saudi Arabia and recognize the importance of abiding by strict infection control policies, including hand hygiene and proper isolation practices. Continued surveillance for MRSA and other emerging multidrug-resistant pathogens is also needed.

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Wira Yuwati, Tri, Annisa Noveani Rusalinda Rahmi, Safinah Surya Hakim, and Badruzsaufari. "The Abundance of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Infective Propagules Under Galam Stand at Shallow Peat of South Kalimantan." BIO Web of Conferences 20 (2020): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202003008.

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Colonization of arbuscular mycorrhiza on plants has been reported to give benefit to p lants, especially at extreme sites such as degraded peatland. Galam (Mela leuca ca juputi) is an indigenous peatland species which grows on acidic condition. The number of arbuscular mycorrhiza infective propagules is important to be determined concerning the galam regeneration due to its offered benefits that support colonization. This research aims to determine the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhiza infective propagules under galam stand and to describe symbiotic forms of AMF colonization on the roots of galam. The Most Probable Number (MPN) method, wet sieving, and root staining from the modification of Vierherlig et al., 1996, and the calculation of root’s mycorrhizal colonization by grid line technique were the methods that were used in this research. The research used Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with a 5-fold factorial pattern. The results of this study indicated a significant difference between the abundance of AMF under galam stands at the depth of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm respectively . The results of spores identification showed 4 genera of spores, namely: Glomus, Gigaspora, Scutellospora, and Acaulospora. The structure of root colonizations were hyphae, spores, vesicles, and arbuscular.

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Marks, Laura R., G. Iyer Parameswaran, and Anders P. Hakansson. "Pneumococcal Interactions with Epithelial Cells Are Crucial for Optimal Biofilm Formation and ColonizationIn VitroandIn Vivo." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 8 (May 29, 2012): 2744–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00488-12.

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ABSTRACTThe human nasopharynx is the main reservoir forStreptococcus pneumoniae(the pneumococcus) and the source for both horizontal spread and transition to infection. Some clinical evidence indicates that nasopharyngeal carriage is harder to eradicate with antibiotics than is pneumococcal invasive disease, which may suggest that colonizing pneumococci exist in biofilm communities that are more resistant to antibiotics. While pneumococcal biofilms have been observed during symptomatic infection, their role in colonization and the role of host factors in this process have been less studied. Here, we show for the first time that pneumococci form highly structured biofilm communities during colonization of the murine nasopharynx that display increased antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, pneumococcal biofilms grown on respiratory epithelial cells exhibited phenotypes similar to those observed during colonizationin vivo, whereas abiotic surfaces produced less ordered and more antibiotic-sensitive biofilms. The importance of bacterial-epithelial cell interactions during biofilm formation was shown using both clinical strains with variable colonization efficacies and pneumococcal mutants with impaired colonization characteristicsin vivo. In both cases, the ability of strains to form biofilms on epithelial cells directly correlated with their ability to colonize the nasopharynxin vivo, with colonization-deficient strains forming less structured and more antibiotic-sensitive biofilms on epithelial cells, an association that was lost when grown on abiotic surfaces. Thus, these studies emphasize the importance of host-bacterial interactions in pneumococcal biofilm formation and provide the first experimental data to explain the high resistance of pneumococcal colonization to eradication by antibiotics.

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Peck, Stewart B., and Jarmila Kukalová-Peck. "Origin and biogeography of the beetles (Coleoptera) of the Galápagos Archipelago, Ecuador." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 8 (August 1, 1990): 1617–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-242.

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The Galápagos Archipelago is a model system for estimating the dynamics of biotic dispersal to, evolutionary differentiation in, and ecological structuring of oceanic islands. The islands, 800–1000 km west of the coast of Ecuador, have been available for terrestrial colonization for about 3 million years. After 150 years of sporadic study, the beetle fauna is still poorly known, but at least 54 families, 214 genera, and 366 species are present. Comparatively few families (10) contain endemic genera (13) that may represent early colonizations. Species flocks occur in usually flightless members of seven genera. Adaptive radiation, as seen in Darwin's finches, is evident in three genera of tenebrionids. The species are 24% native (i.e., they have naturally dispersed from Central or South America), 67% being endemic to one or more islands, and 9% have been introduced by man. Virtually nothing is known of the bionomics of the species. The fauna of 335 native and endemic species is estimated to have originated from at least 257 successful ancestral colonizations. Over 3 million years this is an average rate of one successful colonization every 11 700 years, and 1.4 new species per ancestral colonization. Most of the colonists reached the islands either through the air as "aerial plankton" (60%) or by rafting on oceanic flotsam (39%) from Central or South America. Extinctions were more prevalent in "glacial-arid" periods, and colonizations more prevalent in "interglacial-humid" periods. The rate of species introduction has increased with human visitation and colonization. The factors suppressing species proliferation in Galápagos beetles, compared with those in other insular areas, seem to be as follows, in probable order of importance: lack of strong ecological diversity, proximity to mainland areas, proximity of main islands to each other, geological youth, and recent development of a more suitable (wetter) climate. An appendix presents new beetle records for the islands. Lobopoda brunneipennis Campbell (Alleculidae) is placed in synonomy under Lobopoda galapagoensis Linell.

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Blanco-Di Matteo, Andres, Nuria Garcia-Fernandez, Aitziber Aguinaga Pérez, Francisco Carmona-Torre, Amaya C. Oteiza, Jose Leiva, and Jose Luis Del Pozo. "Pre-Emptive Antimicrobial Locks Decrease Long-Term Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in Hemodialysis Patients." Antibiotics 11, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11121692.

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This study aimed to prove that pre-emptive antimicrobial locks in patients at risk of bacteremia decrease infection. We performed a non-randomized prospective pilot study of hemodialysis patients with tunneled central venous catheters. We drew quantitative blood cultures monthly to detect colonization. Patients with a critical catheter colonization by coagulase-negative staphylococci (defined as counts of 100–999 CFU/mL) were at high risk of developing a catheter-related bloodstream infection. We recommended antimicrobial lock for this set of patients. The nephrologist in charge of the patient decided whether to follow the recommendation or not (i.e., standard of care). We compared bloodstream infection rates between patients treated with antimicrobial lock therapy versus patients treated with the standard of care (i.e., heparin). We enrolled 149 patients and diagnosed 86 episodes of critical catheter colonization by coagulase-negative staphylococci. Patients treated with antimicrobial lock had a relative risk of bloodstream infection of 0.19 when compared with heparin lock (CI 95%, 0.11–0.33, p < 0.001) within three months of treatment. We avoided one catheter-related bloodstream infection for every ten catheter-critical colonizations treated with antimicrobial lock [number needed to treat 10, 95% CI, 5.26–100, p = 0.046]. In conclusion, pre-emptive antimicrobial locks decrease bloodstream infection rates in hemodialysis patients with critical catheter colonization.

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Harfouch, Nora, and Fouz Hassan. "Staphylococcus Aureus Colonization In Atopic Dermatitis Patients." Dermatology and Dermatitis 4, no. 3 (November 13, 2019): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8949/059.

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Background:Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that induces several symptoms including pruritus and dryness, and is often associated with secondary cutaneous infections. AD is considered to be one of the most prevalent and studied skin diseases yet poorly understood, and its pathophysiology remains obscure. Even though other skin diseases (such as psoriasis) share the same pathologic factor -skin barrier defect - with atopic dermatitis, patients diagnosed with those diseases don't suffer infectious exacerbations like atopic patients do. Aim: Although many international researches have already discussed the relationship between staphylococcus aureus and AD, no studies about this subject in the Arabic region was documented. The aim of our study is to compare staphylococcus aureus colonization rates and densities between atopic dermatitis patients and non-atopic subjects, and to relate the colonization to the severity and duration of the disease. Materials and methods: This observational analytic study included 200 participants (99 diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and 101 control subjects without atopic dermatitis); nasal and skin swabs (lesional and non-lesional) were collected from patients, while nasal and only normal skin swabs were collected from controls. Positive swabs were assessed to determine the density of colonization. Results: 57.6% of patients had nasal colonization, 56.6% had lesional colonization and 30.3% had normal skin colonization. Nasal colonization rates and densities were higher in the patients group. We detected a correlation between colonization and severity of eczema, but no correlation between colonization and duration of the disease was detected. Conclusion: The high rates and densities of staphylococcus aureus colonization in lesional skin of atopic dermatitis patients point out the role of these organisms in the pathophysiology of the disease, put antibiotics on the treatment list of atopic dermatitis and explain infectious features in AD exacerbations.

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McEwen, Heather, and Laura G. Leff. "Colonization of stream macroinvertebrates by bacteria." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 151, no. 1 (March 23, 2001): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/151/2001/51.

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Pratt, James R., Marjorie Ladzick, and John Jr. Cairns. "Colonization of artificial substrates by micrometazoa." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 110, no. 4 (October 22, 1987): 519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/110/1987/519.

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Boyett, William D., Mark J. Endries, and Gregory H. Adler. "Colonization-extinction dynamics of opossums on small islands in Panama." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 1972–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-150.

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We studied the distributions and colonization-extinction dynamics of five species of opossums (Didelphis marsupialis, Marmosa robinsoni, Philander opossum, Caluromys derbianus, and Metachirus nudicaudatus) on 12 small islands in Gatun Lake in central Panama. Opossums were censused by monthly livetrapping from 1991 (eight islands) or 1993 (four islands) through 1995. We recorded 75 colonizations over the course of the study. Didelphis marsupialis was the most frequent colonizer and accounted for 56% of all colonizations recorded. However, only four D. marsupialis populations that reproduced successfully resulted from these colonizations, and most populations went extinct. Marmosa robinsoni and P. opossum also frequently colonized these islands but rarely established successful populations. Multiple linear regression was used to relate the mean numbers of colonizations and population establishments per year and mean and standardized persistence times of all five species of opossums to island size and isolation. These four dependent variables were not related to island area or isolation distance. This system, characterized by frequent colonizations and extinctions, fit the mainland-island metapopulation model, and nearby mainland areas that maintained persistent populations of all five species provided colonists to the small islands.

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Boardman, John. "Aspects of "Colonization"." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 322 (May 2001): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1357514.

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Machado, F. P., A. Roldán-Correa, and R. B. Schinazi. "Colonization and Collapse." Latin American Journal of Probability and Mathematical Statistics 14, no. 1 (2017): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.30757/alea.v14-34.

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Stout, Margaret. "Refusing Ontological Colonization." Administrative Theory & Praxis 32, no. 4 (December 2010): 600–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/atp1084-1806320407.

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35

Jones, Evan. "Space-colonization complications." Physics Today 75, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.4992.

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Ojosnegros, Samuel, Niko Beerenwinkel, and Esteban Domingo. "Competition-colonization dynamics." Communicative & Integrative Biology 3, no. 4 (July 2010): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cib.3.4.11658.

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37

Blackett, R. "Lincoln and Colonization." OAH Magazine of History 21, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/maghis/21.4.19.

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Césaire, Aimé. "Culture and Colonization." Social Text 28, no. 2 (2010): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01642472-2009-071.

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Shalhoub-Kervorkian, Nadera, and Suhad Daher-Nashif. "Femicide and Colonization." Violence Against Women 19, no. 3 (March 2013): 295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801213485548.

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Norman, Elizabeth M. "Clostridium Difficile Colonization." American Journal of Nursing 98, no. 8 (August 1998): 16TT. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199808000-00021.

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41

Chiu, Nan-Chang. "Pneumococcal Nasopharyngeal Colonization." Pediatrics & Neonatology 54, no. 5 (October 2013): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2013.06.001.

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Lawley, Trevor D., and Alan W. Walker. "Intestinal colonization resistance." Immunology 138, no. 1 (December 13, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03616.x.

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43

Bacon, Margaret Hope. "Quakers and Colonization." Quaker History 95, no. 1 (2006): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/qkh.2006.0008.

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Bonifacio, Ayendy. "Colonization and Displacement." American Book Review 41, no. 2 (2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/abr.2020.0006.

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Magnet, Shoshana. "Playing at Colonization." Journal of Communication Inquiry 30, no. 2 (April 2006): 142–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0196859905285320.

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Gabriel, Sofia I., Fríða Jóhannesdóttir, Eleanor P. Jones, and Jeremy B. Searle. "Colonization, mouse-style." BMC Biology 8, no. 1 (2010): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-8-131.

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Nogueira, Simone Gibran. "Ideology of white racial supremacy: colonization and de-colonization processes." Psicologia & Sociedade 25, spe (2013): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-71822013000500004.

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This article is a literature review on how the ideology of white racial supremacy dehumanizes and colonizes the minds of Whites and Blacks in Brazil. For this aim I use critical references about whiteness to highlight dehumanization processes in Whites, and I make use of critical references of Black and African studies to examine specific dehumanization processes of the Black population. Furthermore, the work seeks to reflect on possibilities of mental humanization and de-colonization in both groups considering current policies of Affirmative Action in Education in Brazil.

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Barelli, Larissa, Camila C. Moreira, and Michael J. Bidochka. "Initial stages of endophytic colonization by Metarhizium involves rhizoplane colonization." Microbiology 164, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 1531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000729.

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Balistreri, Maurizio. "Gamete Space Colonization: Why Space Colonization Based on Gametes Is Morally Preferable to Colonization Based on Embryos." Journal of Posthuman Studies 7, no. 1 (June 2023): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jpoststud.7.1.0007.

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Abstract Embryo space colonization is one of the solutions that have been proposed to minimize the existential risk that, in the coming centuries, the human species will undergo irreversible extinction. This type of solution involves sending cryopreserved human embryos into space on board a spaceship entirely guided by intelligent machines tasked with identifying and finding the most suitable planet for human colonization within the solar system or another stellar system. The goal is not to assess the feasibility of this project, but rather to consider whether the use of human gametes would constitute a more ethical solution. It will be argued that, all else being equal, sending gametes instead of embryos into space presents at least three advantages. First, it makes it possible to have a more genetically diverse range of human embryos available, facilitating the selection of genetically better embryos for colonizing the new planet. In addition, producing embryos ad hoc from gametes allows improving the genetic characteristics of embryos without resorting to genome editing, which could present safety issues. Finally, gamete space colonization does not eliminate but reduces the possibility that the designers’ biases influence the selection of embryos.

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Haddou, Yacob, Rebecca Mancy, Jason Matthiopoulos, Sofie Spatharis, and Davide M. Dominoni. "Widespread extinction debts and colonization credits in United States breeding bird communities." Nature Ecology & Evolution 6, no. 3 (February 10, 2022): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01653-3.

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AbstractSpecies extinctions and colonizations in response to land cover change often occur with time lags rather than instantaneously, leading to extinction debts and colonization credits. These debts and credits can lead to erroneous predictions of future biodiversity. Recent attempts to measure debts and credits have been limited to small geographical areas and have not considered multiple land cover types, or the directionality of land cover change. Here we quantify the relative contribution of past and current landscapes on the current effective number of species of 2,880 US bird communities, explicitly measuring the response of biodiversity to increases and decreases in five land cover types. We find that the current effective number of species is still largely explained by the past landscape composition (legacy effect), depending on the type, magnitude and directionality of recent land cover change. This legacy effect leads to widespread extinction debts and colonization credits. Specifically, we reveal debts across 52% of the United States, particularly in recently urbanized areas, and colonization credits in the remaining 48%, which are primarily associated with grassland decrease. We conclude that biodiversity policy targets risk becoming rapidly obsolete unless past landscapes are considered and debts and credits accounted for.

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