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Journal articles on the topic 'Colonies of New South Wales'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Loy-Wilson, Sophie. "Coolie Alibis: Seizing Gold from Chinese Miners in New South Wales." International Labor and Working-Class History 91 (2017): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547916000338.

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AbstractThis article examines debates over Chinese indentured labor in the Australasian colonies at the height of the gold rushes. It does so through the testimony of Chinese gold miners who protested the seizure of their gold by customs officials in Sydney Harbour. As a result of these protests, a “New South Wales Select Committee into the Seizure of Gold from Chinese Miners” was established in 1857 to investigate customs law and “coolie” rights. The findings of this committee uncovered Chinese and white settler memories over failed coolie transportation schemes, revealing the ways in which the legacies of coolie migration continued to shape understandings in the Australian colonies of law, labor rights, and fair taxation well after the cessation of such schemes in the 1840s. The archive of Chinese grievance against the colonial state, preserved in testimonies given to the select committee, reveal the long shadow of slavery in the British Empire, the complexities of multiracial communities, and the role of law and legal institutions in shaping both.

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2

Dovey, L., V. Wong, and P. Bayne. "An Overview of The Status and Management of Rock-wallabies (Petrogale) In New South Wales." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97163.

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Two species of rock-wallabies occur in New South Wales; the Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby Petrogale xanthopus in the far west and the Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata in the east. Both species have contracted in distribution and abundance across their former range and are threatened in NSW. The P. xanthopus population in NSW now comprises only two sub-populations. Removal of large numbers of goats, thought to be the primary threat, has not halted the wallaby's decline. Fox and cat predation is now considered the major threat. Fox control is currently being conducted. P. penicillata has undergone a dramatic and continuing decline from being common throughout south-eastern Australia to currently being extremely rare in the southern and western parts of its range and found only in isolated colonies throughout the north of its range. Predation (particularly fox, but including dog and cat), once again, is considered the major threat. A recovery program has been commenced involving the media and wider community in locating extant colonies, as well as developing and implementing Population Management Plans. This program has documented further local extinctions and extremely low numbers of individuals in colonies in the southern and western parts of the range. While no surviving colonies are known between the Shoalhaven area and the Victorian border, there remain more and larger colonies in the north of the state.

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3

Baxter, G. S. "The Location and Status of Egret Colonies in Coastal New South Wales." Emu - Austral Ornithology 94, no. 4 (December 1994): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9940255.

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4

Kercher, Bruce. "Recovering and Reporting Australia's Early Colonial Case Law: The Macquarie Project." Law and History Review 18, no. 3 (2000): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/744073.

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When it was established in 1788, New South Wales became the most remote, and most peculiar, of the British empire's overseas colonies. The founding colony of what would eventually become Australia, it was established as a penal colony, a place to send the unwanted criminals of Britain and Ireland. Britain lost more than the majority of its North American possessions in the late eighteenth century. It also lost its principal repository for unwanted felons. New South Wales filled the gap.

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5

Capps, Maura. "Fleets of Fodder: The Ecological Orchestration of Agrarian Improvement in New South Wales and the Cape of Good Hope, 1780–1830." Journal of British Studies 56, no. 3 (July 2017): 532–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2017.64.

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AbstractThis article challenges the dominant historical paradigms used to analyze imperial plant and animal transfers by examining the role of fodder crops in early colonial development in New South Wales and the Cape of Good Hope. In Alfred Crosby's enduring formulation of ecological imperialism—that is, the ecological transformation of temperate colonies of settlement by European plants, animals, and pathogens—was a largely independent process. To Crosby's critics, his grand narrative fails to acknowledge the technocratic management of plant and animal transfers on the part of increasingly long-armed colonial states from the mid-nineteenth century. Yet neither approach can adequately explain the period between the decline of Britain's Atlantic empire in the 1780s and the rise of its global empire in the 1830s, a period dominated by an aggressive ethos of agrarian improvement but lacking the institutional teeth of a more evolved imperial state. Traveling fodder crops link these embryonic antipodean colonies to the luminaries of the Agricultural Revolution in Britain. The attempt to transfer fodder-centric mixed husbandry to these colonies points to an emerging coalition of imperial ambition and scientific expertise in the late eighteenth-century British Empire.

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6

Swinbourne, Michael, David Taggart, and Bertram Ostendorf. "A search fails to find any evidence for the continuing presence of southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons) in south-western New South Wales." Australian Mammalogy 42, no. 2 (2020): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am19034.

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Following up on two reports from the 1990s, we undertook a ground survey and analysed satellite imagery in order to determine whether there are any extant colonies of southern hairy-nosed wombats in south-western New South Wales. No evidence was found to confirm the continuing presence of wombats in the region.

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7

Cottrell, William. "Neo-classicism and the other Revivals in 1840 New Zealand: British Domestic Design in Indigenous Materials." Architectural History Aotearoa 11 (October 1, 2014): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v11i.7412.

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In the first decades of the nineteenth century there was an insatiable enthusiasm for the fashions of previous eras. New research has established that designs for domestic furnishings in America, Australia and New Zealand were concurrent with the latest London and Paris fashions. It may be hard to imagine, with the priorities of convict and missionary life in the Australasian colonies, that influence of some of the greatest English designers was of any importance.Furniture designs by George Hepplewhite (1788), Thomas Sheraton (1794) and Thomas Hope (1807) can be found in New South Wales, while George Smith (1826), Thomas King (1829-35) and John Loudon (1833) can be identified in New Zealand. Elements of current British style trends from thereon can be seen in colonial-made furniture as mainstream fashion. By the 1840s the rare surviving examples made of native timbers are typical of those that could be found in any English home. Evidence does survive and, with interpretation, reveals a consistent influx of modern styles into the new colonies.

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8

Fitzpatrick, Matthew. "New South Wales in Africa? The Convict Colonialism Debate in Imperial Germany." Itinerario 37, no. 1 (April 2013): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000260.

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In 1852, the naturalist and writer Louisa Meredith observed in her book My Home in Tasmania: “I know of no place where greater order and decorum is observed by the motley crowds assembled on any public occasion than in this most shamefully slandered country: not even in an English country village can a lady walk alone with less fear of harm or insult than in this capital of Van Diemen's Land, commonly believed at home to be a pest-house, where every crime that can disgrace and degrade humanity stalks abroad with unblushing front.”Meredith's paean to life in the notorious Australian penal colony of Hobart was in stark contrast to her earlier, highly unfavourable account of colonial Sydney. It papered over the years of personal hardship she had endured in Australia, as well as avoiding mention of the racial warfare against Tasmania's Aborigines that had afforded her such a genteel European existence.Such intra-Australian complexities, however, were lost when Meredith's account was superimposed onto German debates about the desirability of penal colonies for Germany. Instead, Meredith's portrait of a cultivated city emerging from the most notorious penal colony in Australia was presented as proof that the deportation of criminals was an important dimension of the civilising mission of Europe in the extra-European world. It was also presented as a vindication of those in Germany who wished to rid Germany of its lumpen criminal class through deportation. The exact paragraph of Meredith's account cited above was quoted in German debates on deportation for almost half a century; first in 1859 by the jurist Franz von Holtzendorff, and thereafter by Friedrich Freund when advocating the establishment of a penal colony in the Preußische Jahrbücher in September 1895.

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9

Regan-Lefebvre, Jennifer. "First Vintage: wine in colonial New South Wales." Journal of Wine Research 26, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 336–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09571264.2015.1092121.

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10

Dunstan, David. "First Vintage: Wine in Colonial New South Wales." Journal of Australian Studies 38, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2013.871677.

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11

Olcelli, Laura. "Alessandro Malaspina: An Italian/Spaniard at Port Jackson." Sydney Journal 4, no. 1 (October 21, 2013): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/sj.v4i1.2784.

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Tuscan-born and Spanish-trained Alessandro Malaspina (1754-1810) captained the most significant scientific expedition ever launched by Spain in the years 1789-1794. After a survey of the Spanish colonies in America, he directed the course of the Descubierta towards the South Pacific and anchored at Port Jackson on 11 March 1793. In my essay I will scrutinize the New South Wales leg of Malaspina’s voyage account, comparing 'Viaje político-científico alrededor del mundo' (the original 1885 Spanish edition) and 'Journal of a Voyage by Alejandro Malaspina' (its 2001 English translation), and integrating them with the captain’s secret reports. The examination of Malaspina’s comments on the infant colony will simultaneously expose the Spanish attitude to early British colonialism in New South Wales, and help assess Malaspina’s complex role as the first explorer who reached Terra Australis from the Italian peninsula.

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12

MacLeod, Roy. "Of Men and Mining Education: The School of Mines at the University of Sydney." Earth Sciences History 19, no. 2 (January 1, 2000): 192–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.19.2.r471574657lj2m7h.

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Colonial Australian science grew by a process of transplantation, adaptation, and innovation in response to local conditions. The discovery of gold in 1851, and the location of vast resources of other minerals, transformed the colonies, as it did the imperial economy. In this process, the role of mining engineering and mining education played a significant part. Its history, long neglected by historians, illuminates the ways in which the colonial universities sought to guide and direct this engine of change, conscious both of overseas precedent and local necessity. This paper considers the particular circumstances of New South Wales, and the role of the University of Sydney, in seizing the day—and producing a degree—that lasted nearly a century.

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13

Byrne, Paula J. "Economy and free women in Colonial New South Wales." Australian Feminist Studies 11, no. 23 (April 1996): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08164649.1996.9994807.

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14

Lim, T. L., and J. R. Giles. "Studies on the yellow-footed rock-wallaby, Petrogale xanthopus Gray (Marsupialia : Macropodidae). 3. Distribution and management in western New South Wales." Wildlife Research 14, no. 2 (1987): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9870147.

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Contrary to previous literature, P. xanthopus had not been recorded in western New South Wales before its existence was reported by Fox (1966). There is only one geographically isolated population of less than 250 animals in two separate colonies in the Gap and Coturaundee Ranges, where they are confined to two cliff systems and two outcrops. Their distribution is therefore more limited than first reported by Wilson et al. (1976). They were more widespread in the past, being found also in the Barrier and Bynguano Ranges. These conclusions have been reached from data collected from: (1) a large-scale low-level aerial survey and subsequent ground inspections to record this species' presence in specific locations in north-western New South Wales; (2) a systematic detailed survey of the Gap and Coturaundee Ranges to establish its pattern of habitat use from the accumulated density of faecal pellets; (3) low-level aerial surveys over these and other areas, by helicopter, to confirm the results of earlier surveys and check on reported sightings. The results of this study are being used for the management of this rare rock-wallaby in New South Wales. It is recommend that this species be re-established in the Bynguano Range.

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15

Kirby, GC, BA Barlow, and S. Habel. "Sex-Ratios in a Gynodioecious Plant Ptilotus obovatus (Gaudich) F-Muell (Amaranthaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 35, no. 6 (1987): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9870679.

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Ptilotus obovatus is a gynodioecious perennial shrub with diploid and tetraploid cytotypes and is widespread in arid Australia. This study involved sex ratio counts in colonies of both cytotypes across much of the species range. Samples from diploid colonies had high frequencies of females (>55%) in Western Australia, low frequencies (<41%) in South Australia, and variable frequencies (36-77%) in southwestern Queensland. Tetraploid colonies had the opposite trend with low frequencies of females (<47%) in Western Australia and high frequencies (>54%) in the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales. Ptilotus obovatus appears to be subdivided into at least five biotypes with distinct ploidy levels and sex ratios. We suggest that tetraploidy arose at least twice from diploid ancestors with different sex ratios and that the present distribution of cytotypes may reflect dispersal from refugia after recent arid maxima. The study of the genetics of male sterility in this species was impeded by the remarkably low seed set of plants in glasshouse crosses and in the field.

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16

Sharp, Andy, Melinda Norton, Chris Havelberg, Wendy Cliff, and Adam Marks. "Population recovery of the yellow-footed rock-wallaby following fox control in New South Wales and South Australia." Wildlife Research 41, no. 7 (2014): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14151.

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Context Introduced herbivores and carnivores have significantly altered ecosystems across Australia and have been implicated in the decline and extinction of many species, particularly in the arid and semiarid zones. The experimental confirmation of agents of decline is a fundamental step in threatened species management, allowing for an efficient allocation of resources and effective species recovery. Aims Following unsuccessful attempts to increase the abundance of yellow-footed rock-wallaby populations through concerted goat control across the southern extent of their range, the primary aim of our study was to determine whether fox predation was limiting the recovery of wallaby populations. Methods Intensive fox-control programs (1080 baiting) were initiated around wallaby subpopulations in New South Wales and South Australia. Wallaby numbers were monitored for a three-year period before and after the initiation of fox control, and ANCOVA used to examine for differences between the subpopulation’s rate of increase (r). Observational data were used to determine the demographic effects of fox predation on wallaby colonies in New South Wales. Key results Wallaby subpopulations that were treated with fox control increased significantly, while experimental control subpopulations remained at consistently low levels. Juvenile and subadult wallabies were apparent within the treated New South Wales subpopulation, but almost absent from the control subpopulation, suggesting that fox predation focussed primarily on these age classes. Conclusions Fox predation is a major limiting factor for southern wallaby populations and fox control should be the primary management action to achieve species recovery. Implications Although a significant limiting factor, the regulatory effect of fox predation was not assessed and, as such, it cannot be confirmed as being the causal factor responsible for the historic declines in wallaby abundance. The determination of whether fox predation acts in a limiting or regulatory fashion requires further experimentation, but its resolution will have significant implications for the strategic allocation of conservation resources.

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17

Allen, Judith, and Paula J. Byrne. "Criminal Law and Colonial Subject: New South Wales, 1810-1830." American Historical Review 99, no. 5 (December 1994): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2168522.

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18

Hamilton, Paula, and Paula Jane Byrne. "Criminal Law and Colonial Subject: New South Wales 1810-1830." Labour History, no. 68 (1995): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516369.

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19

OKAMOTO, Miki. "EXTERIOR DESIGN OF VERANDAED COLONIAL HOUSES IN NEW SOUTH WALES." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 64, no. 526 (1999): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.64.273_4.

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20

Gladwin, Michael R. "Australian Anglican Clergymen, Science and Religion, 1820–1850." Studies in Church History 46 (2010): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400000668.

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The second quarter of the nineteenth century has long been recognized as a formative period for public discussion of the relationship between science and religion, particularly in emerging sciences such as geology, where new evidence raised questions about the interpretation of the Bible. Recent scholarly studies of scientific publishing, theologies of nature and links between missionaries and scientific endeavour have drawn attention to various ways in which the relationship between religion and science was understood during the period. A common theme has been the key role of clergymen in public discourse. A lacuna in this literature, however, has been analysis of colonial sites in which these debates took place. In colonies such as New South Wales, for example, public discussion of these issues was dominated by Anglican clergyman-scientists. Yet they have attracted little attention from scholars.

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21

van Wilgenburg, Ellen, Raoul A. Mulder, and Mark A. Elgar. "Intracolony relatedness and polydomy in the Australian meat ant, Iridomyrmex purpureus." Australian Journal of Zoology 54, no. 2 (2006): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo05075.

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In polydomous ants, individuals belonging to a single colony occupy a variable number of neighbouring nests. Polydomy is frequently associated with polygyny and species are often both facultatively polydomous and facultatively polygynous. In this study we test the generality of this association by investigating the genetic and spatial structure of polydomous colonies of Iridomyrmex purpureus in New South Wales, Australia. Genetic analysis of 15 colonies revealed high relatedness within all but one of the colonies, indicating that the workers are mostly produced by one, singly inseminated queen. Polydomy in this population therefore is not associated with polygyny. Intriguingly, our behavioural data suggests that the colony with low within-colony relatedness had been recently formed by colony fusion. While genotypes were not distributed homogenously throughout this newly formed colony, there was an obvious exchange of genotypes between the nests of the two former colonies. During 2 years of field observations in which we observed 140 colonies comprising over 1000 nests, we observed colony fusion only twice. We discuss these findings in relation to the current theories on the relationship between polydomy and polygyny.

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22

Hornitzky, M. A. Z., and L. A. Smith. "Sensitivity of Australian Melissococcus pluton isolates to oxytetracycline hydrochloride." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 7 (1999): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99064.

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Summary. The effectiveness of the antibiotic oxytetracycline hydrochloride) against the bacterium Melissococcus pluton, which causes European foulbrood in honey bees (Apis mellifera) was investigated in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration of oxytetracycline hydrochloride for 104 M. pluton isolates cultured from samples of brood and honey collected from A. mellifera colonies in New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania was determined. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 1 g/mL for 51 isolates, and 2 g/mL for 53 isolates. These results indicate that, although oxytetracycline hydrochloride has been used exclusively for the past 22 years to treat European foulbrood, Australian isolates of M. pluton are still sensitive to this antibiotic.

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23

Spencer, HJ, C. Palmer, and K. Parry-Jones. "Movements of Fruit-bats in eastern Australia, determined by using radio-tracking." Wildlife Research 18, no. 4 (1991): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910463.

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Results from a long-term radio-tracking study of pteropodid fruit-bats are reported. Grey-headed fruit bats (Pteropus poliocephalus) captured from seven colonies in eastern New South Wales, Australia, were fitted with collar-mounted radio transmitters to permit their movements to be monitored over the following year. The sheepskin-lined leather collars were well tolerated by the bats over periods of 6-18 months. Bats moved between major colony sites for distances of up to 750 km, with movements occurring in both northerly and southerly directions. One bat from Lismore had a feeding range of 25 km, whereas in Sydney bats flew up to 17 km each night to feeding sites. There was considerable interchange between bats in adjacent colonies.

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24

Decker, Frank. "Bills, notes and money in early New South Wales, 1788–1822." Financial History Review 18, no. 1 (November 16, 2010): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565010000272.

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This article provides a revised account of the development of financial instruments, money and banking in the early penal colony of New South Wales. It is found that private instruments monetised the economy, while the role of state debt, coin and commodities was to finally settle remaining balances. Money originated in the form of small merchant notes. These were created by the need to pay labourers and underpinned a local pound currency standard. A detailed review of colonial court cases and currency legislation reveals that the first bank was founded, contrary to colonial orders, to remove the disruptive impact of exchange rate fluctuations and to achieve a stable private note issue at par with pound sterling bills on London.

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25

Burkett, Melanie. "Explaining Resistance to Early Nineteenth-Century British Emigrants to New South Wales." Journal of Migration History 7, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-00701001.

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Abstract In the 1830s, the British government commenced a programme of relocating poor labourers to its Australian colony of New South Wales, a practice known as ‘assisted migration’. Though intended to address the colony’s labour shortage, the new arrivals were met with hostility by the colonial elite, who claimed the immigrants were immoral and unsuitable as workers. While migration historians have shown these judgements to be largely unfair, the forces underpinning these perceptions await a thorough interrogation. This article examines colonial public rhetoric about immigration to reveal attitudes shaped by a tangle of overlapping and reinforcing political, economic, and cultural factors. Ultimately, the colonial elite wanted to control who could enter their community, both physically and socially, which became a temporally persistent pattern vital to the settler colonial project.

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26

May, Andrew J. "Fractured Families: Life on the Margins in Colonial New South Wales." Australian Historical Studies 50, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 550–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2019.1662551.

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27

Bagnall, Kate. "Chinese women in colonial New South Wales: From absence to presence." Australian Journal of Biography and History 3 (April 8, 2020): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/ajbh.2020.01.

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28

Golder, Hilary, and J. B. Hirst. "The Strange Birth of Colonial Democracy: New South Wales, 1848-1884." Labour History, no. 60 (1991): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27509075.

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29

Mayer, W. "The quest for limestone in colonial New South Wales, 1788–1825." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 287, no. 1 (2007): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp287.25.

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30

Baxter, G. S., and P. G. Fairweather. "Does available foraging area, location or colony character control the size of multispecies egret colonies?" Wildlife Research 25, no. 1 (1998): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr95006.

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Food supply is commonly regarded as ultimately controlling the size of bird colonies. Most studies examining this problem have been on seabirds, and all in the Northern Hemisphere. To search more widely for evidence of the importance of food as a factor controlling the size of bird colonies, we investigated egret colonies in a Southern Hemisphere region. We examined the relationship between colony size and the area of potential feeding habitat around each colony, compared with variables associated with the location and the physical characteristics of each colony. All colonies (13 in total) along 800 km of coastline in New South Wales, Australia, were studied. Colony size ranged from 7 to more than 2000 nests. There were very few correlations between the number of nests and the areas of different types of feeding habitat within 20 km of colonies. However, the available area of saltmarshes proved to be a significant predictor of colony size for great (Ardea alba), intermediate (A. intermedia) and little egrets (Egretta garzetta). Saltmarshes may be stable, long-term feeding habitats for these three native ‘aquatic feeders’, but not for the terrestrially feeding cattle egret (Ardea ibis). Nest numbers of this latter species were related positively to the area of saltmarshes, and negatively to latitude, suggesting that nest numbers of this exotic species may be influenced by climate, with proximate factors such as colonial nesting with the three native species also being important. Because of the numerical dominance of cattle egrets, the numbers of nests of all species followed the same pattern as that for cattle egrets.

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Piggott, Maxine P., Birgita Hansen, Todd Soderquist, Mark D. B. Eldridge, and Andrea C. Taylor. "Population monitoring of small and declining brush-tailed rock wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) colonies at the extreme of their range using faecal DNA sampling." Australian Mammalogy 40, no. 1 (2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am16056.

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Obtaining much-needed information on population parameters such as abundance and genetic diversity can be difficult for small and declining populations. The brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) is an endangered and cryptic species with many colonies in decline. The Warrumbungle National Park (NP) in New South Wales contains a declining metapopulation of P. penicillata at the western (inland) extreme of the species’ current range. Loss of these colonies would cause substantial range contraction and probable loss of regional genetic diversity in the Central Evolutionary Significance Unit (ESU). We used non-invasive genetic methods to identify individuals from faecal DNA from five colonies in the Warrumbungle NP. We identified a minimum of 21 individuals, with the largest colony containing seven individuals. The Warrumbungle NP colonies showed significant intercolony structuring and we were able to detect a single dispersal event. Comparison of genetic diversity to other Central ESU colonies shows that loss of the Warrumbungle NP population will result in loss of unique diversity from this region. The minimum number of animals and genetic diversity information obtained in this study was used to support management actions of herbivore control and translocation in the Warrumbungle NP population.

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32

Vietrynskyi, I. "Historical, Socio-cultural and International Political Preconditions for the Emergence and Formation of the Australian Union." Problems of World History, no. 12 (September 29, 2020): 68–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2020-12-4.

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The article examines the prerequisites for the creation and early stages of development of the Commonwealth of Australia from the founding of the first European colonies prior to the legal formalization of the federation. Also mentioned are the variability of approaches to the development of Australia’s historiography, in particular from the positions of classical English and modern Australian views. Also, the early stages of the development of the continent that preceded the discovery of Australia by Europeans are considered. It analyzes the wide context of geopolitical processes in Europe in the era of imperialism (XVI-XIX centuries), as well as the circumstances of the formation of large colonial empires. In particular, features of the status, place and role of England in the international political processes of the XVIІ and XVIII centuries are shown, and the stages of the formation of the British colonial empire are also considered. The complex of internal socio-economic as well as foreign policy prerequisites for the beginning of the colonization of Australia by Great Britain is analyzed, in particular the attention paid to the consequences of the British Industrial Revolution XVIII. The stages of formation of the British colonies in Australia, as well as the development of the mainland from the establishment of the first settlement - New South Wales until full control of the continent are investigated. The characteristics of the economic, social, political, demographic and other aspects of the development of Australian colonies are analyzed. The article discusses the evolution of trade and administrative relations between individual colonies, as well as the stages of preparation for the creation of a federation, which was called the Commonwealth of Australia and changed the country's colonial position to the dominion status in the British Empire. Particular attention is paid to the international political processes that accompanied the development of the Australian continent, as well as the role of colonial administrations in regional geopolitical processes, in particular the colonization of New Guinea.

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33

Lencznarowicz, Jan. "“The Coming Event!”." Politeja 16, no. 4(61) (December 31, 2019): 463–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.16.2019.61.25.

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John Dunmore Lang’s Vision for an Independent Australia John Dunmore Lang, the Scottish Presbyterian clergyman who settled in Sydney in 1823, until his death in 1878 played an important role in the religious, political and cultural life of New South Wales and helped to create two new colonies: Victoria and Queensland. His writings as much as his political and educational activities significantly contributed to the rise of early Australian nationalism. Lang envisaged a great future of a federal Australian republic – the United Provinces of Australia. Drawing on Lang’s books, pamphlets and his articles and speeches published in the colonial and metropolitan press, this paper analyses the religious, ideological, political and economic ideas that led him to present and espouse the cause of the future America of the Southern Hemisphere.The focus is on the fundamental political and social principles on which Lang wanted to establish the independent Australian nation. The paper also discusses planned political institutions, as well as expected or desired social and economic

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Sturma, Michael. "Death and Ritual on the Gallows: Public Executions in the Australian Penal Colonies." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 17, no. 1 (August 1987): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/lra1-dn3v-elxf-rtny.

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Of all public rituals in the nineteenth century, hanging was intended to be the most dramatic and didactic. The Australian penal colonies of New South Wales and Tasmania, as receptacles for transported British convicts during the first half of the nineteenth century, provide a rich context for examining public executions. This article explores the interplay between state, church, and judicial system in managing the death ceremony and reinforcing authority. The reactions of victims and witnesses to public executions is also explored, drawing on modern studies of death and the terminally ill. Of central concern is the role of ritual in interpreting and coping with death in the extraordinary circumstances of public hanging.

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White, Saraya, and Warren Kealy-Bateman. "Primary evidence of seton therapy at Tarban Creek, New South Wales, 1839." Australasian Psychiatry 25, no. 3 (September 27, 2016): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856216671666.

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Objective: We aimed to find and explore the earliest available New South Wales asylum medical records to identify any management or therapeutic data that might be of interest to the psychiatric field. Conclusions: The earliest known existing records of New South Wales asylum data are from Tarban Creek Asylum. After almost two centuries the preserved records allow insight into treatment used in early colonial Australia, including the scarcely remembered seton therapy. This finding highlights the importance of preserving historical records. It also demonstrates the necessity and/or evolving wish within the colony to care for patients with perceived mental health difficulties based on a shared medical culture inherited from techniques used in Britain.

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Henry, Nancy. "GEORGE ELIOT AND THE COLONIES." Victorian Literature and Culture 29, no. 2 (September 2001): 413–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150301002091.

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Women are occasionally governors of prisons for women, overseers of the poor, and parish clerks. A woman may be ranger of a park; a woman can take part in the government of a great empire by buying East India Stock.— Barbara Bodichon, A Brief Summary in Plain Language, of the Most Important Laws Concerning Women (1854)ON OCTOBER 5, 1860, GEORGE HENRY LEWES VISITED a solicitor in London to consult about investments. He wrote in his journal: “[The Solicitor] took me to a stockbroker, who undertook to purchase 95 shares in the Great Indian Peninsular Railway for Polly. For £1825 she gets £1900 worth of stock guaranteed 5%” (qtd. in Ashton, Lewes 210). Thus Marian Evans, called Polly by her close friends, known in society as Mrs. Lewes and to her reading public as George Eliot, became a shareholder in British India. Whether or not Eliot thought of buying stock as taking part in the government of a great empire, as her friend Barbara Bodichon had written in 1854, the 5% return on her investment was a welcome supplement to the income she had been earning from her fiction since 1857. From 1860 until her death in 1880, she was one of a select but growing number of middle-class investors who took advantage of high-yield colonial stocks.1 Lewes’s journals for 1860–1878 and Eliot’s diaries for 1879–80 list dividends from stocks in Australia, South Africa, India, and Canada. These include: New South Wales, Victoria, Cape of Good Hope, Cape Town Rail, Colonial Bank, Oriental Bank, Scottish Australian, Great Indian Peninsula, Madras. The Indian and colonial stocks make up just less than half of the total holdings. Other stocks connected to colonial trade (East and West India Docks, London Docks), domestic stocks (the Consols, Regents Canal), and foreign investments (Buenos Aires, Pittsburgh and Ft. Wayne) complete the portfolio.2

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Law, Bradley S., and Mark Chidel. "Roosting and foraging ecology of the golden-tipped bat (Kerivoula papuensis) on the south coast of New South Wales." Wildlife Research 31, no. 1 (2004): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03001.

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The roosting and foraging ecology of the golden-tipped bat (Kerivoula papuensis) was studied by radio-tracking on the south coast of New South Wales. Despite a previous scarcity of records, 16 bats were harp-trapped during spring and summer, of which 11 were radio-tracked. Roost types (n = 33 roosts over 48 roost days) were the suspended nests of yellow-throated scrubwrens (Sericornis citreogularis) (50%), nests of brown gerygone (Gerygone mouki) (27%), beneath hanging moss on tree trunks (21%) and in foliage (2%). All roosts were located in rainforest and close to creek lines (mean = 6 m). Yellow-throated scrubwren nests were more common in rainforest on small, first- and second-order streams (4.6 nests km–1 – 5.2 km searched) than on larger, third-order streams (1.1 nests km–1 – 2.7 km searched). Colonies were small (<10 bats) and usually comprised a mix of sexes. Maternity roosts in summer were located in both yellow-throated scrubwren nests (n = 8) and brown gerygone nests (n = 3). Foraging bats were recorded flying a maximum of 2.1 km and were regularly recorded (43% of monitored time) on upper slopes away from rainforest. Plots (5 × 5 m) were used to compare prey densities (small web-building spiders) between rainforest and sclerophyll forest and different topographies (creeks, riparian vegetation and upper slopes). Although spider numbers were patchy, upper-slope sclerophyll forest supported the greatest number of spiders, the number being significantly greater in upper-sclerophyll forest than in sclerophyll creeks and rainforest on upper slopes. A forward step-wise multiple regression showed that spider numbers per plot were positively related to the density of understorey stems. Management implications from this research are that riparian rainforest provides the key roosting habitat for K. papuensis. Recent management prescriptions in New South Wales' forests available for logging have correctly targeted the protection of this environment. However, the extent of foraging in sclerophyll forest on upper slopes was previously unknown. Attention needs to be given to management actions that maintain a mosaic of dense patches of understorey on upper slopes, where the numbers of web-building spiders are high. Further research is required to determine the effectiveness of using buffered protection zones within logged areas for K. papuensis.

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Allen, Matthew. "Policing a Free Society: Drunkenness and Liberty in Colonial New South Wales." History Australia 12, no. 2 (January 2015): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2015.11668574.

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Williams, Alan W. "Colonial origins of land acquisition law in New South Wales and Queensland." Journal of Legal History 10, no. 3 (December 1989): 352–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440368908530973.

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Smith, GC, N. Carlile, and S. Tully. "Breeding and movements of wing-tagged silver gulls (Larus novaehollandiae) at the largest colony in New South Wales." Wildlife Research 19, no. 2 (1992): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9920161.

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Wing tags were used in preference to colour/metal band combinations to increase sighting frequency of silver gulls. Wing tags did not affect return rate of breeding adults to the colony compared with banded gulls. Approximately one-third of gulls lost their nests following wing-tagging. There were no instances of double-brooding with fledging success from both attempts. A total of 42% of adults that returned and bred, nested more than once in a season. Up to 4 clutches were produced by pairs within a season. Successful raising of young typically occurred from the first brood of the season. Successful breeders usually nested only once in any one season. In all, 19% of pairs successfully fledged young, but the percentage of young fledged from the number of eggs laid was much lower (5.3%). Nest sites were rarely repeatedly used by the same nesting pair. Individuals moved considerable distances between successive nesting sites within and between seasons. Fidelity to colony was 68% and to mate 22%; these estimates are lower than those from other colonies.

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Ridley, Anna. "Bringing early colonial astronomy to life." Astronomy & Geophysics 62, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 2.20–2.21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/astrogeo/atab054.

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Abstract Anna Ridley describes a new exhibition at Old Government House, Sydney, that uses documents from the Royal Astronomical Society library and archive – and technology – to help tell the story of scientific endeavour in colonial New South Wales

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Sharp, A., M. Norton, and A. Marks. "Demography of a yellow-footed rock-wallaby Petrogale xanthopus colony in the threatened New South Wales sub-population." Australian Mammalogy 28, no. 2 (2006): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am06030.

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The remnant New South Wales (NSW) yellow-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale xanthopus) population underwent a substantial decline between 1985 and 1992 and remained at dangerously low levels until 1995. To determine the processes underlying this decline, a population study was conducted at one colony, between winter 1995 and winter 1998. The colony was observed to remain relatively constant in size, consisting of between 12 or 13 individuals throughout the study. Reproductive rates were found to be relatively high. Both reproduction and pouch young survival were comparable with those reported for other P. xanthopus colonies, while adult survival rates were higher than those noted in other studies. Because population size remained constant during the study and adult survivorship was consistently high, this suggested that juvenile recruitment into the colony was low. Such low levels of recruitment may have had a substantive role in the slow decline of the entire NSW P. xanthopus population. The results of this study suggest that any management actions undertaken in the NSW P. xanthopus population should focus on increasing juvenile survival rates. Further research is required to determine whether juvenile survival is constrained by predation or competition with other herbivores.

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Brooks, Alasdair, and Graham Connah. "A hierarchy of servitude: ceramics at Lake Innes Estate, New South Wales." Antiquity 81, no. 311 (March 1, 2007): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00094898.

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A British colonial estate in eastern Australia, built by 1830 and abandoned 20 years later, survives as the ruins of the Big House surrounded by stables, a farm and servants' quarters. The authors recovered pottery assemblages from a number of different servants' dwellings and here show that they differed from each other, revealing a ‘hierarchy of servitude’. It is natural to think that such a situation would provide helpful analogies for earlier empires, like the Roman, but historical archaeology has its own framework, varying even from country to country.

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McKenzie, Kirsten. "The Paper War: Morality, Print Culture and Power in Colonial New South Wales." Australian Historical Studies 44, no. 2 (June 2013): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2013.793258.

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Hall, Dianne. "Defending the Faith: Orangeism and Ulster Protestant Identities in Colonial New South Wales." Journal of Religious History 38, no. 2 (August 27, 2013): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9809.12007.

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Russell, Penny. "A woman of the future? feminism and conservatism in colonial New South Wales." Women's History Review 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612020400200383.

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Jones, David S. "Richard Jones: reforming the New South Wales colonial parliamentary electoral system in Australia." Parliaments, Estates and Representation 40, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02606755.2020.1716535.

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Ford, Lisa. "Empire and Order on the Colonial Frontiers of Georgia and New South Wales." Itinerario 30, no. 3 (November 2006): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300013395.

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In 1767, settlers on the western frontier of Georgia in North America sent a dire petition to their governor begging for protection. They claimed that local Creek Indians had stolen their horses and planned imminently to destroy their livestock and to kill their families. Before the governor could respond, the settlers crossed the Indian boundary to loot and burn a Creek village. In doing so they galvanized the imperial legal order into action – not against Creek horse thieves but against settler vigilantes on Creek land. At the urging of London officials, the governor of Georgia had the settlers arrested and charged, first with a felony, and when that failed, with ‘abuse and misdemeanour at common law against government’. However, Georgia's jurors refused to hold them accountable on either charge.

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O'Brien, Anne, Ann O'Brien, and John Ramsland. "Children of the Backlanes. Destitute and Neglected Children in Colonial New South Wales." Labour History, no. 53 (1987): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27508871.

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Byrne, Paula J. "'The Public Good': Competing Visions of Freedom in Early Colonial New South Wales." Labour History, no. 58 (1990): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27508984.

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