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Academic literature on the topic 'Colonies in art'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Colonies in art"

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Stahl, Joan. "AMERICAN ART COLONIES 1850-1930: A HISTORICAL GUIDE TO AMERICA'S ORIGINAL ART COLONIES AND THEIR ARTISTS. Steve Shipp." Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America 16, no. 2 (October 1997): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/adx.16.2.27948908.

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Bischoff, Eva. "“Heimischwerden Deutscher Art und Sitte” Power, Gender, and Diaspora in the Colonial Contest." Itinerario 37, no. 1 (April 2013): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000259.

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In 1909, in a public lecture on German colonial politics, author and colonial activist Clara Brockmann emphasised the crucial role of female emigration to the colonies of the Kaiserreich (German empire). With special reference to German Southwest Africa, she argued:The immigration of the German woman in our colony is much talked about and much is done for it. The aim is quite obvious: the prevention of mixed marriages, which are the mental and economic ruin of the settler, the achievement of a profitable farm business, which cannot be fully developed without the assistance of the housewife, and the establishment of German manners and mores, of German family life, which is created foremost by the presence of the woman.Brockmann was one of many women who were committed to “the colonial cause” during the Kaiserreich. Most of these activists were organised in the Frauenbund der Deutschen Kolonialgesellschaft (Women's League of the German Colonial Society). Its central aim was to support and organise the emigration of German women to the colonies of the German Empire. This paper takes a closer look at the rhetoric and politics of the Frauenbund, its claims for the decisive role women were to play in the colonial project, its emigration scheme, organised to provide German settlers with racially “appropriate” wives, and its underlying assumption that Germanness itself was under threat in colonial space. The Kaiserreich's female colonial activists have been the object of numerous studies so far. None of these studies, however, reflects on the issue within the larger context of nineteenth-century global white mass migration or white diasporic movements as described, for instance, by Jürgen Osterhammel.
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Vann, Michael G. "Caricaturing 'The Colonial Good Life' in French Indochina." European Comic Art 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 83–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/eca.2.1.6.

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André Joyeux's La Vie large des colonies ['The Colonial Good Life'] is an insider's portrait of the French colonial encounter in Southeast Asia. Published in Paris in 1912 but most likely penned in Saigon, the collection of cartoons explores the racial order of the colony. Although the artist critiques many aspects of the colony and highlights certain gross injustices, such as the coloniser's sexual predation and physical violence, he also articulates many of the bluntly racist French stereotypes of the Vietnamese, Chinese and other Asians in the colony. Joyeux, as an artist and as an art teacher, contributed to the development of cartoon and caricature as a medium in Vietnam, which would eventually be used in the anti-colonial, nationalist and communist movements. La Vie large des colonies is of importance as a primary source in the study of empire.
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Bujdosó, Zoltán, Béla Benkő, and Csaba Patkós. "The role of art colonies in local development through the example of Cered Art Colony." Ecocycles 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19040/ecocycles.v7i1.184.

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The current study's topic is the summary of the roles of art colonies in the local example. The theoretical basis of the study was given by the international scientific literature of art colonies and the role of culture in the life of settlements. The matter of research is relevant as an investigation based on a case study has not been made yet on this topic; moreover, it consists of important results for the professionals. On this basis, it can be determined that which factors affect positively the human and natural environment through an art colony. A further advantage of the study can conclude to the possible development ways of culture in the life of villages. The current research, regarding the future, is an ideal starting point to know the role of art in local (and regional) development. The main results of the case study are the tangible effects of the colony on the (natural and human) environment.
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BURSA, MIROSLAV, and LENKA LHOTSKA. "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS IN ELECTROCARDIOGRAM AND ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM DATA CLUSTERING." International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 08, no. 01 (March 2009): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026809002448.

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The paper focuses on the field of artificial intelligence techniques and their use in biomedical data processing. It concerns the clustering techniques inspired by various ant colonies. The behavior of ant colonies shows many interesting properties that have been used in static and dynamic combinatorial problem-solving tasks (mostly since 1990). Also applications to data clustering have been proposed. This branch is a subject of ongoing research. After the introduction into the state-of-the-art of ant-colony-inspired metaheuristics, an overview of ant-colony-inspired clustering metaheuristics is presented, together with the ACO_DTree method, developed by the first author, which is based on the autocatalytic collective behavior of real insect colonies. Over the basic algorithm it involves techniques to increase robustness and performance of the method. Application to electrocardiogram and electroencephalogram data processing is also presented, together with comparison to other clustering methods.
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Đorđević, Jovana N., Miloš M. Đorđević, and Mia M. Arsenijević. "LIKOVNA KOLONIJA KAO MODEL PEDAGOŠKE PODRŠKE DAROVITOJ DECI PREDŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA." Узданица XX, no. 2 (2023): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uzdanica20.2.197dj.

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Artistically gifted children at preschool age can be identified through analysis of their artworks, as well as through a specific behavior these children express when dealing with art assignments. While gifted children demonstrate faster progress from one drawing phase to another, they also show high level of motivation and devotedness to the work itself. Even though preschool teachers are mostly capable of recognizing children who show above-average drawing abilities, they are rarely capable of adapting their teach- ing in a way to support children’s giftedness. This paper presents a possible approach of supporting preschool children’s giftedness in art, developed at the Faculty of Education in Jagodina. Since preschool teachers need external support in their work with artistically gifted children, we developed and implemented a specific model of promoting and nurturing art giftedness in preschool children. The model was based on the principles of art colonies, adapted to our specific goals and conditions of work. Conceptualized as an extracurricular activity, art colony for artistically gifted preschool children consisted of art workshops developed and implemented by professional artists and art teachers. Art workshops were conceptualized to introduce children to new and more complex art techniques and proce- dures, and to challenge them with more complex art problems. Two art colonies have been held so far, both lasted for three days, each including ten preschool children recognized as gifted in art. Based on positive reactions from both children who participated in the colonies and their teachers and parents, it was concluded that the proposed teaching model of an art colony can be considered as a pedagogically appropriate approach to support artistically gifted preschool children.
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Tia, Daniel, and Akissi Nexe Octavie N’Guessan. "Emerging Evils in Post-Colonies." East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (July 10, 2024): 398–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajass.7.1.2039.

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The colonial and postcolonial are two different ideological eras in the colonized peoples’ history, which are taken up by post-colonial literature. Without rehashing the ex-colonized beings’ painful past from a rebellious and revanchist perspective, postcolonial writers’ literary projects aimed at revitalizing the ex-colonized beings’ experience in the form of collective memory. In such a creative art, the narrative devices in force decry retrograde and dehumanizing practices. In terms of vision, the call for improving the relationship between ex-colonizers and ex-colonized subjects is highly prescribed. All neocolonial policies and related influences are systematically proscribed, thus favouring the creation of a global village free from inequalities, exclusions, and other injustices. In essence, the poetization of “Bournehills” in The Chosen Place, The Timeless People and “Kosawa” in How Beautiful We Were is part of those narrative techniques. Today, in a disguised form, Westerners, with their seducing offers or projects, corrupt tiny groups of undeveloped people won over to their cause and keep the masses in misery. In this context of political paradigm shift and sociocultural mutation, the study of the forms of life in the post-colonies remains a challenge. This helps to disclose on the one hand how the former colonial maintains their ex-colonies in perpetual dependence and on the other hand, highlight how the ex-colonized beings or heirs react and overcome neo-colonial policies. To account for the features of neo-colonialism, the use of Perussetian semiotic approach will be helpful. This will contribute to looking into the prevailing forms of life in both fictional imaginaries. Two points of interest will be scrutinized: “post-colonial order features” and “ex-colonized beings’ resilience”
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Mufti, Nasser. "Kipling’s Art of War." Nineteenth-Century Literature 70, no. 4 (March 1, 2016): 496–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2016.70.4.496.

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Nasser Mufti, “Kipling’s Art of War” (pp. 496–519) This essay looks at the British empire’s most ambitious years, when it saw Britain and its settler colonies as belonging to a global nation-state, most commonly referred to as “Greater Britain.” The apex of this imperial-national imagination came with the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Boer War, which jingoists like Arthur Conan Doyle and Rudyard Kipling celebrated as a civil war because it was seen to be a conflict between the “blood brotherhood” of empire: Britons and Boers. Hence the characterization of the Boer War as “the last of the gentleman’s wars” or “a sahibs’ war,” because it was said to be fought between the civilized fellow-citizens of the British empire. But Kipling also had to confront the fact that British and Boer tactics were decidedly “ungentlemanly” at the war front. I turn to his short story “A Sahibs’ War” (1901), which is especially concerned about the “gentleman’s war” in South Africa looking identical to anticolonial wars in Afghanistan and Burma, which in Kipling’s mind were barbaric frontier conflicts. Kipling registers this ambivalence between civil and colonial war in the language of his story, which strategically puns across English, Afrikaans and Urdu/Hindi. These translingual puns make legible and sensible the tensions between the intra-national and extra-national, domestic and foreign, civil and imperial that characterized Greater British discourse at the turn of the century.
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Hilton, Alison. "From Abramtsevo to Zakopane: Folk Art and National Ideals in Russia and Eastern Europe." Russian History 46, no. 4 (December 23, 2019): 241–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04604002.

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Abstract Folk art revivals were incubators for modernist movements in painting, sculpture, architecture, applied arts, and performing arts. The upsurge of national sentiment in late Imperial Russia and official economic support of handicraft industries (known as kustar’) promoted the marketing of wood crafts and textiles made at Abramtsevo, Talashkino, and other centers in western Russia and Ukraine. Parallel developments drew upon both folk traditions and patriotic ideals in the central and eastern European countries that had suffered territorial encroachments by Russia, Prussia, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Artists’ groups and art colonies showed special respect for regional landscapes, peasant communities, and local artistic traditions. Their activities reflected nationalist ideologies, as well as practical, economic, and philanthropic concerns. The variety of circumstances and motivations sheds light on the phenomena of art colonies, new valuations of applied art forms, and the enduring importance of education in traditional crafts.
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Jiang, Qiuyue. "Temporal Design of Art Painting Landscape Based on Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2425, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2425/1/012013.

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Abstract In the long history of painting, art research in each period will also reflect on the current situation and future improvement. Inspired by the group behavior of natural insect communities, to find the shortest path between insect nests and food, a simulated evolutionary algorithm ant colony algorithm is proposed to simulate the foraging behavior of natural ant colonies. This paper studies the temporal design based on ant colony optimization algorithm. Time is an inseparable part of landscape design. With the continuous progress of time, various landscape characteristics have also been formed. The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical and practical support for the improvement of art painting landscape design from the perspective of time. The ant colony optimization algorithm is used to analyze and analyze the values of the algorithm parameters.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Colonies in art"

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Essen, Jennifer Michelle. "A world elsewhere : art colonies in California and New Mexico, 1900-1940." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-world-elsewhere(e126f861-bef3-44af-a837-345645411be0).html.

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This thesis analyses the distinct form of art colony that flourished in Carmel, California and Santa Fe and Taos, New Mexico, in the opening decades of the twentieth century. The diversity of people, experience and colony-produced art has largely discouraged analysis of western colonies as a group. My argument in this thesis is that new interpretive frameworks are needed to understand the defining and shared qualities of these colonies. Identifying patterns in seemingly disparate practices reveals the kind of colony this was, its features, its appeal and its influence on the artistic work of participants. I begin by charting the art colony tradition as it unfolded in the US and tracing the western art colony’s development out of this established model. Despite shared styles of sociality and retreat from urban America, the western art colony differed from its predecessors in its greater remoteness, particular style of community and opportunities for contact with Native and Spanish-speaking populations. In this they build on an established rhetoric of romantic otherness in these regions. Successive chapters explicate my definition of these colonies as networks of temporary association. Chapter Two explores the ways in which the colony’s community balanced a sense of belonging with opportunities for multi-directional movements, allowing art-colonists to control their engagement with the colony milieu. In Chapter Three I focus on Anglo-American art-colonists’ interactions with Native and Spanish-speaking peoples, specifically their formally experimental but problematic attempts to comprehend cultural difference. Chapter Four moves from intercultural to interpersonal interactions by exploring how these art colonies generated an arena for negotiating the intersections between gender and artistic autonomy. As improvisatory spaces these art colonies accommodated and even thrived on diversity and mutability. This thesis recovers western art colonies as important examples of collaborative artistic endeavour.
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Fonteneau, Estelle. "Marianne Preindlsberger Stokes : les années de formation." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040193.

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Cette thèse dépeint le contexte artistique dans lequel Marianne Stokes évolue des années 1880 au tournant du siècle suivant. Une étude approfondie a été menée, qui permet de retracer ses premières années d’études d’art à Munich et à Paris, puis au sein de plusieurs colonies d’artistes en France, au Danemark et en Angleterre. Afin de restituer le milieu créatif de Marianne Stokes, des textes et des manuels d’histoire de l’art ancien et actuel furent étudiés. D’autres recherches furent entreprises, appuyées sur la correspondance d’artistes camarades de Marianne Stokes, et sur l’étude de leur accueil critique en France et en Angleterre. Des publications de l’époque sont au centre de ces recherches : autobiographie, narration de voyage, et correspondance. Cette thèse comprend aussi des études comparatives de toiles de Mariannes Stokes avec celles de plusieurs de ses contemporains.Nous cherchons à démontrer que l’art de Marianne Stokes est difficilement réductible à un mouvement artistique en particulier, mais présente les qualités de nombreux styles : naturalisme, impressionnisme, symbolisme, décoratif. Evoluant parmi ces nombreux courants artistiques, l’art de Marianne Stokes possède un certain silence, un sentiment de piété qui est la ligne directrice de son œuvre
This dissertation recreates the evolution of Marianne Stokes’ art within the context of her artistic milieu from 1880 to the turn of the century. These studies concern first her early school years in Munich and Paris, and then her years among artist colonies in France, Denmark and England. Stokes’ paintings are compared to those of her contemporaries within the artist colonies. Contemporary texts, such as travel journals, biographies, letters and press articles, are used to accurately reconstruct the artist’s milieu. This thesis demonstrates that Marianne Stokes’ body of work cannot be reduced to a specific artistic movement; instead, the style of her paintings ranges from naturalist, decorative, and impressionist to symbolist. Nevertheless, the paintings of Marianne Stokes maintain one distinctive trait; they express a certain silence, an articulation of the artist’s personal piety
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Gollannek, Eric Frederick. ""Empire follows art" exchange and the sensory worlds of Empire in Britain and its colonies, 1740-1775 /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 427 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1625773591&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Laillou, Yves. "Arts et indigènes et colonisation au Maroc, à Madagascar et en Indochine : de la création de l'Office des arts indigènes en 1916 à l'Exposition coloniale de 1931." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30055.

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L'apaisement qu'apportent les années permet l'ouverture de dossiers nouveaux , comme celui des arts indigènes confrontés à la colonisation. Leur étude a été limitée à trois pays très différents , le Maroc , L'Indochine et Madagascar, qui étaient administrés selon la doctrine commune du protectorat. La création , originale dans tout le monde colonial, en 1916 à Rabat , de l'Office des Arts Indigènes en est le point de départ. Il avait pour but le recensement et la restauration du patrimoine architectural , la promotion de l'art et de l'artisanat. Cette initiative allait-elle être féconde, permettre l'épanouissement de l'art existant , l'éclosion d'un art indigène spécifique?Agirait-elle sur les métiers d'art ou bien entrainerait-elle leur perte en les inféodant à ceux des colonisateurs? L'exposition de Vincennes en 1931, apogée de la colonisation, témoin de la création du musée des colonies en est le terme. Un historique de la colonisation , du mode d'enseignement général et artistique , de la création des écoles d'art appliqué , des Beaux-Arts et des musées est envisagée dans les trois états. Les résultats sont relevés dans les principales expositions , les deux du Maroc en 1917 et 1919 , celle de Marseille en 1922, les Arts Décoratifs en 1925 , Vincennes en 1931. La synthèse met en évidence , l'avènement puis l'émancipation d'un art pictural identitaire surtout à Madagascar et en Indochine. Les métiers d'art émanations d'un savoir-faire transmis de père en fils ont été revigorés , mais peu modifiés dans leurs modèles et leur réalisation. Un art indigène est apparu que la décolonisation devait conforter. Il constitue un lien entre les colonisateurs et les colonisés
Time brings conciliation, making it possible to tackle new issues, such as the role of indigenous arts in colonised nations. Study of them was confined to three very different countries, Morocco, Indochina and Madagascar, which were administered according to the common doctrine of protectorate. The setting up in Rabat in 1916 of the Indigenous Arts Agency - a first in the entire colonial world - was the starting point for this. Its aim was to inventory and restore architectural heritage and to promote art and craftsmanship. Would this initiative prove fruitful and enable existing art to flourish and give birth to specific indigenous art? Would it have a positive effect on arts and crafts or lead to their disappearance by making them subservient to those of the colonisers? The Vincennes exhibition in 1931, the high point of colonisation and witness to the creation of the colonies' museum, marked the culmination of this. A history of colonisation, of general and artistic teaching, of the creation of schools of applied art, and of fine art galleries and museums was planned in the three countries. The results can be traced in the main exhibitions: the two in Morocco in 1917 and 1919, the Decorative Arts exhibition in 1925, and Vincennes in 1931. Analysis demonstrates the emergence and then emancipation of a distinctive style of painting, especially in Madagascar and Indochina. Arts and crafts, products of know-how handed down from father to son, were invigorated, but little changed in their design and execution. An indigenous art appeared which decolonisation had to support. It forms a link between the colonisers and colonised
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Marçot, Jean-Louis. "La belle utopie : la France, son avant-garde et l'Algérie (1830-1848)." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0401.

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L'Algérie française - c'est-à-dire l'annexion d'une partie de l'Afrique et sa francisation par implantation massive d'une population européenne-, relève d'un projet colonial nouveau. Ce projet, dont l'expédition d'Egypte sous le Directoire a posé les jalons, n'a pu se réaliser sans une dimension sociale que seul le socialisme, alors naissant, était capable de lui apporter. La thèse analyse cet apport, reconstitue jusqu'en 1848 l'histoire de ce premier socialisme et de ses diverses composantes, dans le contexte d'une "question algérienne" étudiée pas à pas
French Algeria - that is to say the annexation of part of Africa and its Gallicization by means of massive settlings of european population -, is the result of a new colonial project. This project, for which the Egyptian Expedition under the directoire have paved the way, could not achieved without a social dimension that only the springing up socialism was able to give it. The thesis analyzes this contribution, reconstruct until 1848 the hizstory of this (first) socialism and its diverse components in the light of the "Algerian question" studied step by step
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Girard, Max. ""La Grande Emotion". La mise en scène des missions chrétiennes dans les expositions coloniales et universelles : France - Belgique. 1897 - 1958." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3010.

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La France et la Belgique organisent plusieurs expositions coloniales internationales et universelles de la fin du XIXe siècle à 1958. Ces deux puissances coloniales y développent une propagande multiforme pour justifier leurs « missions civilisatrices ». Les missionnaires catholiques et protestants participent à ces grandes fêtes. La consultation d’archives des congrégations religieuses (Spiritains, Jésuites…), de l’œuvre de la Propagation de la Foi, de fonds publics français, belges, suédois et du Saint-Siège permet de comprendre comment s’organisent les missionnaires pour participer à ces expositions en France et en Belgique. De l’exposition de 1897 (Tervuren) à celles de 1935 et 1958 (Bruxelles), en passant par Paris 1900, 1931 et 1937, les missionnaires s’exposent dans des pavillons qui s’agrandissent pour devenir de véritables complexes architecturaux. Les vecteurs de la mise en scène changent et s’adaptent : les objets « indigènes » sont délaissés au profit de dioramas, de statistiques stylisées et de cartes lumineuses. L’architecture du pavillon est en elle-même un discours comme le prouve le pavillon des missions catholiques de 1931. A travers ces évolutions de la mise en scène, ce sont des changements dans les représentations missionnaires du monde qui s’observent : les colonisés et leurs cultures sont de plus en plus valorisés et le lien avec la colonisation moins affirmé
France and Belgium organised several international and colonial exhibitions, as well as universal exhibitions or World Fairs, from the end of the 20th century to 1958. Through these world exhibitions, these two great colonial powers developed various forms of propaganda to account for their “civilizing missions”. Protestant and catholic missionaries took part in those great celebrations. By reading and working on archives of religious congregations such as the congregation of the Holy Spirit, The Jesuit, and the oeuvre de la Propagation de la Foi, but also the French, Belgian and Swedish national archives and the Holy Sea archives, I was able to understand how the missionaries organized themselves to take part in those exhibitions in France and Belgium. The missionaries organised exhibitions in ever growing pavilions which would become huge architectural complexes, from the 1897 exhibition (taking place in Tervuren) to the 1935 and 1958 exhibitions (taking place in Brussels), not forgetting the 1900, 1931 and 1937 Paris exhibitions. The way missionaries staged their work changed and evolved. Indeed, “indigenous” artifacts were gradually less displayed and missionaries used dioramas, stylish statistics and lit-up maps instead. The architecture of the pavilion was in itself telling, a good example of this being the 1931 pavilion of the Catholic missions. The way missionaries staged their exhibitions reflected the changes in their worldview. The colonized populations and their cultures were more and more emphasized, while the link with the colonization was less and less asserted and straightforward
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Peña, Plaza Carlos. "L'image dans l'image : rhétorique visuelle d'une culture mondialisée : essai d'atlas des représentations ibéro-américaines, XVIe -XVIIIe siècles." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0025.

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A partir d'une répertoire d'images provenant du monde ibéro-américain, la thèse développe un étude typologique et morphologique de la rhétorique visuelle de ces représentations d'une culture mondialisée. Le travail consiste en un articulation des analyses micro-historiques et macro-historiques qui permet d'éclairer les rapports entre le local et le global et la fonction mnémonique des images. L'approche sémiotique , iconologique et aussi anthropologique cherche à montrer les diverses modalités de transformation des images et le métissage visuel ou hybridation iconique dans leur passage de l'Europe à l'Amérique. Le travail de catégorisation et indexation par mots clés a permis d'identifier une série de dispositifs visuels d'encadrement de l'image dans l'image et une série de métaphores et symboles associés au rituel eucharistique. Le montage d'images et la configuration d'Atlas est l'instrument utilisé afin de visualiser les résultats de la recherche conformément aux oppositions structurelles de base identifiées dans le travail de classification
Through the study of a collection of images from the ibero-american world the thesis develops a typological and morphological study of the visual rhetoric of one of the first globalized cultures. The task consists of an articulation between the micro-historical and the macro-historical analysis, that allows to enlighten the connections between global and local, anc observe the commemorative function of those représentations of the colonial past. The approach is semiotic and iconological , but it is also anthropological. It tries to portray the diverse modalities of transformation of the images and their visual cross-breeding or hybridization in their passage from one continent to the other. The categorization and indexatioi with keywords allowed to identify certain visual framing devices of an image within the image and a séries of metaphors and symbols associated with the Eucharistie ritual. The Atlas configuration ,was the instrument used for the visualization of the results according to the basic structural oppositions identified during the process of classification
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Edmondson, Belinda J. "Making men : gender, literary authority, and women's writing in Caribbean narrative /." Durham [N.C.] : Duke university press, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37623506z.

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Geddy, Pamela McLellan. "Cosmo Alexander: His Travels and Patronage in America." VCU Scholars Compass, 2000. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/88.

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Relatively little is known of European artists who worked for short periods of time in the American Colonies during the eighteenth century. Perhaps Cosmo Alexander was typical of other artists who came to America seeking greater opportunity than in their homeland, only to leave several years later, perhaps disillusioned and no wealthier. Artists who are better known stayed in America long enough to build up clientele in a broad area and produced enough works to have many survive long enough to be documented by later sources. As the subjects in many of Alexander's portraits show, there was a large prosperous middle-class patronage of the art of portraiture. Considering the social conventions of the time, personal references and letters of recommendation would have facilitated travel and introduction to prospective clients. The emphasis of this research is the patronage which Cosmo Alexander found in the American Colonies as evidenced by portraits executed between 1765 and 1771. Family connections, Scottish ancestry and communities having large Scottish populations have played a part in determining probable routes. In 1961 Gavin L. M. Goodfellow submitted a thesis to Oberlin College on Cosmo Alexander. This was the first and (to date) the only extensive monograph on the artist. The thesis was general in nature, covering Alexander's life and listing all paintings known at that time, only sixteen of which were believed to have been painted in America. Because he dealt in detail with Alexander's total biography and stylistic characteristics, only one chapter was devoted to American works. Since Goodfellow's research the number of American paintings signed by or attributed to Alexander has increased from sixteen to twenty-six. With greater documentary evidence available, patterns can be established and generalizations made which possibly are typical of other artists in similar circumstances.
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Collins, Megan Marie. "The Portrait of Citizen Jean-Baptiste Belley, Ex-Representative of the Colonies by Anne-Louis Girodet Trioson: Hybridity, History Painting, and the Grand Tour." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1237.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Colonies in art"

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Musée d'Aquitaine de la ville de Bordeaux, ed. "Nos artistes aux colonies": Sociétés, expositions et revues dans l'empire français (1851-1940). Pessac]: Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Centre François-Georges Pariset, 2015.

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Shipp, Steve. American art colonies, 1850-1930: A historical guide to America's original art colonies and their artists. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1996.

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Singapore, National Gallery. Artist and empire: (en)countering colonial legacies. Singapore: National Gallery Singapore, 2016.

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Ligner, Sarah. Les arts coloniaux: Circulation d'artistes et d'artefacts entre la France et ses colonies. Le Kremlin-Bicêtre]: Éditions Esthétiques du divers, 2021.

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Mitton, Nancy Dyer. A romantic art colony, Marion, Massachusetts. New Bedford, MA: Reynolds-DeWalt Printing, 2000.

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Lipsky, David. The art fair. New York: Doubleday, 1996.

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Luís, Bento dos Santos, and Grupo Santander, eds. Atlas of Portuguese art in the world. Lisbon: Santander Totta, 2007.

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Vloten, Francisca van. Masterpieces from European artist colonies, 1830-1930. [Atlanta, Ga.]: Oglethorpe University Museum of Art, 2005.

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complex), Abattoirs (Museum, ed. Postcolonial-décolonial: La preuve par l'art. Toulouse: Presses universitaires du Midi, 2021.

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(Gallery), São Roque. Portugal, the first global empire. Lisboa: São Roque, antiquités et galerie d'art, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Colonies in art"

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Jackson, Penelope. "Copies for the Colonies." In The Art of Copying Art, 37–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88915-9_3.

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Rosselló, Lluc Bono, and Hugues Bersini. "Music Generation with Multiple Ant Colonies Interacting on Multilayer Graphs." In Artificial Intelligence in Music, Sound, Art and Design, 34–49. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29956-8_3.

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Harrison, Renee K. "“In the Company of My Sisters”: Violence among Women in the American Colonies." In Enslaved Women and the Art of Resistance in Antebellum America, 85–112. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230100664_6.

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Zabunyan, Elvan. "Decolonizing contemporary art exhibitions." In Decolonizing Colonial Heritage, 152–72. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003100102-11.

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Hingston, Philip, and Graham Kendall. "Ant Colonies Discover Knight’s Tours." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1213–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30549-1_125.

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Cornejo, Alejandro, Anna Dornhaus, Nancy Lynch, and Radhika Nagpal. "Task Allocation in Ant Colonies." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 46–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45174-8_4.

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Silva, Carlos A., Thomas A. Runkler, João M. Sousa, and Rainer Palm. "Ant Colonies as Logistic Processes Optimizers." In Ant Algorithms, 76–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45724-0_7.

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Bottinelli, Silvia. "Colonial Legacies in Agriculture and Art." In Artists and the Practice of Agriculture, 133–93. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367200800-7.

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Hotblack, Kate. "The Stamp Act." In Chatham's Colonial Policy, 167–86. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003377849-16.

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Seo, Yuri. "Magazine Covers and Colonial Modernity." In Interpreting Modernism in Korean Art, 105–13. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429351112-15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Colonies in art"

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Skirelis, Julius, and Dalius Navakauskas. "On parameterization of cell colonies images: ART classifier approach." In 2017 Open Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Information Sciences (eStream). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/estream.2017.7950323.

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Brandão do Carmo, Filipe. "O PARADIGMA DA CIDADE-RIO NOS IMPÉRIOS PORTUGUÊS E ESPANHOL. Belém e Valdivia no século XVII." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.12781.

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In the early 17th century, Portugal and Spain shared territory and enemies, with Portugal experiencing previously peaceful countries such as Holland and England as threats to its colonies and trade and Spain experiencing attacks from the English and Dutch in its overseas colonies. Loosely consolidated colonial cities were established to consolidate footholds in under-exploited territories and for the defense of these territories. The foundation and maintenance of these cities were subject to the intervention of military and military engineers, aiming this article to understand the urban form resulting from this action, using urban morphology as a discipline of analysis. Although they do not correspond exactly, by analyzing the layouts of both cities, we realize that they are characterized by similar principles, such as orthogonality and the proximity of the main squares near the river, as well as the role of natural obstacles as boundaries and defense. Although the physical distance between the two cities is considerable, the Portuguese and Spanish intentions and layouts converged in a typology identified by us here. Keywords: Iberoamerican Cities; Colonial History; Belém; Valdivia. No início do século XVII, Portugal e Espanha compartilharam território e inimigos, com Portugal a ver países anteriormente pacíficos como a Holanda e a Inglaterra como ameaças às suas colônias e comércio e Espanha a sofrer ataques de ingleses e holandeses nas suas colónias ultramarinas. Cidades coloniais pouco consolidadas foram estabelecidas para consolidar pontos de apoio em territórios pouco explorados e para a defesa destes territórios. A fundação e manutenção dessas cidades foram objecto da intervenção de militares e engenheiros militares, procurando este artigo perceber a forma urbana resultante desta actuação, recorrendo à morfologia urbana como disciplina de análise. Embora não correspondam exatamente, ao analisar-se os traçados de ambas as cidades, percebemos que são caracterizados por princípios semelhantes, como a ortogonalidade e a proximidade das principais praças junto ao rio, bem como o papel dos obstáculos naturais como limite e defesa. Embora a distância física entre as duas cidades seja considerável, as intenções e traçados portugueses e espanhóis convergiram numa tipologia por nós aqui identificada. Palavras-chave: Cidades iberoamericanas; História Colonial; Belém; Valdivia.
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Hong, Tzung-Pei, Ling-I. Huang, Wen-Yang Lin, Yu-Yang Liu, and Goutam Chakraborty. "Dynamic migration in multiple ant colonies." In 2015 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cybernetics (CYBCONF). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cybconf.2015.7175922.

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Smith, Lachlan, Jon McCormack, and Zixiang Xiong. "Augmented Reality Sandpit Simulating Ant Colonies." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo Workshops (ICMEW). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmew.2018.8551581.

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Smith, Lachlan, Jon McCormack, and Zixiang Xiong. "Augmented Reality Sandpit Simulating Ant Colonies." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo Workshops (ICMEW). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmew.2018.8551567.

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Kafsi, Mohamed, Raphaël Braunschweig, Danielle Mersch, Matthias Grossglauser, Laurent Keller, and Patrick Thiran. "Uncovering Latent Behaviors in Ant Colonies." In Proceedings of the 2016 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611974348.51.

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Ghaffari, Mohsen, Cameron Musco, Tsvetomira Radeva, and Nancy Lynch. "Distributed House-Hunting in Ant Colonies." In PODC '15: ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2767386.2767426.

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Boubahri, L., S. A. Addouche, and A. El Mhamedi. "Multi-ant colonies algorithms for the VRPSPDTW." In 2011 International Conference on Communications, Computing and Control Applications (CCCA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccca.2011.6031488.

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Arami, Arash, Bijan Rahmizadeh Rofoee, and Caro Lucas. "Multiple Heterogeneous Ant Colonies with Information Exchange." In 2008 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2008.4631244.

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Zhang, Peng, and Jie Lin. "An Adaptive Heterogeneous Multiple Ant Colonies System." In 2010 International Conference of Information Science and Management Engineering. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isme.2010.162.

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Reports on the topic "Colonies in art"

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Muxo, Robert, Kevin Whelan, Raul Urgelles, Joaquin Alonso, Judd Patterson, and Andrea Atkinson. Biscayne National Park colonial nesting birds monitoring protocol—Version 1.1. National Park Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2290141.

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Breeding colonies of wading birds (orders Ciconiiformes, Pelecaniformes) and seabirds (orders Suliformes, Pelecaniformes) serve as important indicators of aquatic ecosystem health, as they respond to changes in food abundance and quality, contaminants, invasive species, and disturbance. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, Restoration Coordination & Verification program (CERP-RECOVER) has identified wading-bird colonies as an important ecosystem restoration indicator. The National Park Service South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network (SFCN) ranked colonial nesting birds eighth out of 44 vital signs of park natural resource conditions for ecological significance and feasibility. However, while large-scale monitoring efforts are occurring in the rest of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, only minimal historic data collection and no extensive ongoing monitoring of wading bird and seabird nesting have occurred in Biscayne National Park. Consequently, due to their high importance as biological indicators and because they are a gap occurring in regional monitoring efforts, the network has initiated a monitoring program of colonial nesting birds in Biscayne National Park. This protocol provides the rationale, approach, and detailed Standard Operating Procedures for annual colonial bird monitoring within and close to Biscayne National Park and conforms to the Oakley et al. (2003) guidelines for National Park Service long-term monitoring protocols. The specific objectives of this monitoring program are to determine status and long-term trends in: Numbers and locations of active colonies of colonial nesting birds with a special focus on Double-crested Cormorants, Great Egrets, Great White Herons, Great Blue Herons, White Ibises, and Roseate Spoonbills. Annual peak active nest counts of colonial nesting birds in Biscayne National Park with a special focus on the species mentioned above. An annual nesting index (i.e., sum of monthly nest counts) with a special focus on the species mentioned above. Timing of peak nest counts for the focal species.
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Chejanovsky, Nor, Diana Cox-Foster, Victoria Soroker, and Ron Ophir. Honeybee modulation of infection with the Israeli acute paralysis virus, in asymptomatic, acutely infected and CCD colonies. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594392.bard.

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Honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony losses pose a severe risk to the food chain. The IAPV (Israeli acute paralysis virus) was correlated with CCD, a particular case of colony collapse. Honey bees severely infected with IAPV show shivering wings that progress to paralysis and subsequent death. Bee viruses, including IAPV, are widely present in honey bee colonies but often there are no pathological symptoms. Infestation of the beehive with Varroa mites or exposure to stress factors leads to significant increase in viral titers and fatal infections. We hypothesized that the honey bee is regulating/controlling IAPV and viral infections in asymptomatic infections and this control is broken through "stress" leading to acute infections and/or CCD. Our aims were: 1. To discover genetic changes in IAPV that may affect tissue tropism in the host, and/or virus infectivity and pathogenicity. 2. To elucidate mechanisms used by the host to regulate/ manage the IAPV-infection in vivo and in vitro. To achieve the above objectives we first studied stress-induced virus activation. Our data indicated that some pesticides, including myclobutanil, chlorothalonil and fluvalinate, result in amplified viral titers when bees are exposed at sub lethal levels by a single feeding. Analysis of the level of immune-related bee genes indicated that CCD-colonies exhibit altered and weaker immune responses than healthy colonies. Given the important role of viral RNA interference (RNAi) in combating viral infections we investigated if CCD-colonies were able to elicit this particular antiviral response. Deep-sequencing analysis of samples from CCD-colonies from US and Israel revealed high frequency of small interfering RNAs (siRNA) perfectly matching IAPV, Kashmir bee virus and Deformed wing virus genomes. Israeli colonies showed high titers of IAPV and a conserved RNAi pattern of targeting the viral genome .Our findings were further supported by analysis of samples from colonies experimentally infected with IAPV. Following for the first time the dynamics of IAPV infection in a group of CCD colonies that we rescued from collapse, we found that IAPV conserves its potential to act as one lethal, infectious factor and that its continuous replication in CCD colonies deeply affects their health and survival. Ours is the first report on the dominant role of IAPV in CCD-colonies outside from the US under natural conditions. We concluded that CCD-colonies do exhibit a regular siRNA response that is specific against predominant viruses associated with colony losses and other immune pathways may account for their weak immune response towards virus infection. Our findings: 1. Reveal that preventive measures should be taken by the beekeepers to avoid insecticide-based stress induction of viral infections as well as to manage CCD colonies as a source of highly infectious viruses such as IAPV. 2. Contribute to identify honey bee mechanisms involved in managing viral infections.
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Deni Seymour, Deni Seymour. Where are the Spanish Colonial Jesuit Missions at Guevavi? Experiment, August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/3296.

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Arumugam, Udayansankar, Pablo Cazenave, and Ming Gao. PR-328-133702-R01 Study of the Mechanism for Cracking in Dents in a Crude Oil Pipeline. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011556.

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Phase one report: Crack fields (colonies) in dents are often observed in liquid pipe lines. Because of their colonial appearance, these cracks in dents are often thought to be associated with stress corrosion cracking (SCC). However, a recent full-scale dent fatigue testing under a PRCI mechanical damage program showed that crack colonies in dents can be produced by fatigue. This observation facilitated PRCI to launch a further study of the cracking mechanism in dents using samples extracted from a liquid pipeline. A total of 6 pipe samples containing dent with crack/metal loss were investigated. Evidences from this investigation showed that cracks in dents are aligned in an axial direction with appearance similar to crack colony. Fractographic analyses showed that the mechanism for cracking in these dents was fatigue. No evidence of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was found. Fractographic analyses also showed that cracks in the colony were associated with a corrosion pit, suggesting corrosion pits are the initiation sites for fatigue crack. A combination of corrosion pitting and fatigue crack growth is the overall mechanism for the observed cracking, that is, corrosion may be the first degrading mechanism followed by the fatigue crack growth. Based on the understanding of the mechanism for cracking, a review is given to the currently available pit-to-crack transition and overall life prediction models. Applicability and limitations of these models to cracks in dent are discussed. Gaps and areas for further study are discussed. An example of rate competing between pit and crack growth and for overall life estimate is illustrated. In this report, sample selection and the approach used in this investigation are presented first. The findings from fractographic analysis are summarized. Currently available modelling efforts for pitto-fatigue are reviewed. Gaps and further research areas are discussed.
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Walker, David, Craig Baker-Austin, Andy Smith, Karen Thorpe, Adil Bakir, Tamara Galloway, Sharron Ganther, et al. A critical review of microbiological colonisation of nano- and microplastics (NMP) and their significance to the food chain. Food Standards Agency, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xdx112.

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Microplastics are extremely small mixed shaped plastic debris in the environment. These plastics are manufactured (primary microplastics) or formed from the breakdown of larger plastics once they enter the terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments (secondary microplastics). Over time, a combination of physical, photochemical and biological processes can reduce the structural integrity of plastic debris to produce microplastics and even further to produce nanoplastics. NMPs have been detected in both the aquatic and terrestrial environments and can be easily spread by water, soil and air and can be ingested by a wide range of organisms. For example, NMPs have been found in the guts of fish and bivalve shellfish. Microplastics have also been detected in food and in human faeces. Therefore, NMPs are not only found in the environment, but they may contaminate the food supply chain and be ingested by consumers. There is evidence suggesting that microorganisms are able to colonise the surfaces of microplastics and aggregates of nanoplastics. However, the risk to consumers posed by NMPs colonised with microorganisms (including those that are AMR) which enter the food supply chain is currently unknown.
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Haines(Archived), Harvey, Domenico Bellistri, and Jeff Vinyard. PR-366-173814-R01 Assessment of SCC with Advances in NDE including EMAT and IWEX Imaging. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011624.

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The goal of this project is to improve failure pressure estimates of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) colonies by advancing field measurements and comparison to in-line inspection (ILI) tool data. Electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) ILI technologies have made significant strides in providing crack depth measurements for SCC colonies, and emerging technologies such as ultrasonic testing (UT) imaging are providing more accurate in-ditch validation data. A project was proposed to improve failure pressure estimates, with 3 tasks spanning 3 years. This report covers the results of year 1 (task 1) which includes the development of ultrasonic imaging processes and procedures for gathering accurate in-ditch measurements of depth, length and separation for SCC. Year 2 (task 2) comprised filed trials of the ultrasonic imaging and collections and analysis of EMAT data. Validation will be performed and improvements to signal analysis for crack sizing and interaction will be made as needed. Year 3 (task 3) work will include validation by means of burst tests to evaluated the performance of the model that predicts failure pressure based on ultrasonic imaging measurements. The main focus of year 1 was comparing the dimensions of SCC colonies measured by X-ray computed tomography (XCT) to IWEX ultrasound imaging for thirty 4-in (10 cm) wide plates containing SCC colonies. For truth data, two of these samples were destructively evaluated by breaking open cracks frozen in liquid nitrogen and sectioning through multiple parallel cracks with subsequent polishing of samples. Comparisons of the XCT and IWEX to the freeze break sample results are presented in this report across profiles of cracks in an SCC colony.
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Chriscoe, Mackenzie, Rowan Lockwood, Justin Tweet, and Vincent Santucci. Colonial National Historical Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2291851.

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Colonial National Historical Park (COLO) in eastern Virginia was established for its historical significance, but significant paleontological resources are also found within its boundaries. The bluffs around Yorktown are composed of sedimentary rocks and deposits of the Yorktown Formation, a marine unit deposited approximately 4.9 to 2.8 million years ago. When the Yorktown Formation was being deposited, the shallow seas were populated by many species of invertebrates, vertebrates, and micro-organisms which have left body fossils and trace fossils behind. Corals, bryozoans, bivalves, gastropods, scaphopods, worms, crabs, ostracodes, echinoids, sharks, bony fishes, whales, and others were abundant. People have long known about the fossils of the Yorktown area. Beginning in the British colonial era, fossiliferous deposits were used to make lime and construct roads, while more consolidated intervals furnished building stone. Large shells were used as plates and dippers. Collection of specimens for study began in the late 17th century, before they were even recognized as fossils. The oldest image of a fossil from North America is of a typical Yorktown Formation shell now known as Chesapecten jeffersonius, probably collected from the Yorktown area and very likely from within what is now COLO. Fossil shells were observed by participants of the 1781 siege of Yorktown, and the landmark known as “Cornwallis Cave” is carved into rock made of shell fragments. Scientific description of Yorktown Formation fossils began in the early 19th century. At least 25 fossil species have been named from specimens known to have been discovered within COLO boundaries, and at least another 96 have been named from specimens potentially discovered within COLO, but with insufficient locality information to be certain. At least a dozen external repositories and probably many more have fossils collected from lands now within COLO, but again limited locality information makes it difficult to be sure. This paleontological resource inventory is the first of its kind for Colonial National Historical Park (COLO). Although COLO fossils have been studied as part of the Northeast Coastal Barrier Network (NCBN; Tweet et al. 2014) and, to a lesser extent, as part of a thematic inventory of caves (Santucci et al. 2001), the park had not received a comprehensive paleontological inventory before this report. This inventory allows for a deeper understanding of the park’s paleontological resources and compiles information from historical papers as well as recently completed field work. In summer 2020, researchers went into the field and collected eight bulk samples from three different localities within COLO. These samples will be added to COLO’s museum collections, making their overall collection more robust. In the future, these samples may be used for educational purposes, both for the general public and for employees of the park.
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Olaya González, Juan Camilo, Mauro Nalesso, Benoit Lefevre, and Luis Schloeter. Plan de adaptación a inundaciones influenciadas por el cambio climático: Ciudad Colonial de Santo Domingo: República Dominicana. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005662.

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Este documento presenta el Plan de Adaptación a inundaciones influenciadas por el Cambio Climático en la Ciudad Colonial de Santo Domingo. De acuerdo con el IPCC (AR6), existe una alta posibilidad de que el aumento en la temperatura atmosférica influya en el cambio de frecuencias y magnitudes de eventos extremos de precipitación. Por tanto, la exacerbación de este tipo de eventos a futuro puede poner en riesgo las personas, la infraestructura, la propiedad, y los medios de vida y sustento de lugares como la Ciudad Colonial. El Plan se presenta en el marco del “Programa Integral de Desarrollo Turístico y Urbano de la Ciudad Colonial (PIDTUCCSD)”, en el cual el Gobierno Dominicano, en cabeza del Ministerio de Turismo (MITUR), busca revitalizar la Ciudad Colonial en sus aspectos urbanos, económicos y de turismo a través de la recuperación de espacios públicos y monumentos, el mejoramiento de condiciones de habitabilidad para los residentes, el desarrollo de economías locales, y el fortalecimiento de la gestión de la Ciudad Colonial.
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Rodriguez, Russell J., and Stanley Freeman. Gene Expression Patterns in Plants Colonized with Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Gene Disruption Mutants of Colletotrichum. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592112.bard.

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Fungal plant pathogens are responsible for extensive annual crop and revenue losses throughout the world. To better understand why fungi cause diseases, we performed gene-disruption mutagenesis on several pathogenic Colletotrichum species and demonstrated that pathogenic isolates can be converted to symbionts expressing non-pathogenic lifestyles. One group of nonpathogenic mutants confer disease protection against pathogenic species of Col!etotrichum, Fusarium and Phytophthora; drought tolerance; and growth enhancement to host plants. These mutants have been defined as mutualists and disease resistance correlates to a decrease in the time required for hosts to activate defense systems when exposed to virulent fungi. A second group of non-pathogenic mutants did not confer disease resistance and were classified as commensals. In addition, we have demonstrated that wildtype pathogenic Colletotrichum species can express non-pathogenic lifestyles, including mutualism, on plants they colonize asymptomatically. We have been using wildtype and isogenic gene disruption mutants to characterize gene expression patterns in plants colonized with a pathogen, mutualist or commensal. The US group is contrasting genes expressed during colonization by mutuahstic and commensal mutants of C. magna and a pathogenic wildtype C. coccodes on tomato. The Israeli group is characterizing genes expressed during asymptomatic colonization of tomato by wildtype C. acutatum and a non-pathogenic mutant.To accomplish this we have been utilizing suppressive subtraction hybridization, microarray and sequencing strategies. The expected contribution of this research to agriculture in the US and Israel is: 1) understanding how pathogens colonize certain hosts asymptomatic ally will shed light on the ecology of plant pathogens which has been described as a fundamental deficiency in plant pathology; 2) identifying genes involved in symbiotically conferred disease resistance will help explain why and how pathogens cause disease, and may identify new candidate targets for developing genetically modified disease resistant crop plants.
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McKinnon, Mark, Craig Weinschenk, and Daniel Madrzykowski. Modeling Gas Burner Fires in Ranch and Colonial Style Structures. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/mwje4818.

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The test scenarios ranged from fires in the structures with no exterior ventilation to room fires with flow paths that connected the fires with remote intake and exhaust vents. In the ranch, two replicate fires were conducted for each room of origin and each ventilation condition. Rooms of fire origin included the living room, bedroom, and kitchen. In the colonial, the focus was on varying the flow paths to examine the change in fire behavior and the resulting damage. No replicates were conducted in the colonial. After each fire scene was documented, the interior finish and furnishings were replaced in affected areas of the structure. Instrumentation was installed to measure gas temperature, gas pressure, and gas movement within the structures. In addition, oxygen sensors were installed to determine when a sufficient level of oxygen was available for flaming combustion. Standard video and firefighting IR cameras were also installed inside of the structures to capture information about the fire dynamics of the experiments. Video cameras were also positioned outside of the structures to monitor the flow of smoke, flames, and air at the exterior vents. Each of the fires were started from a small flaming source. The fires were allowed to develop until they self-extinguished due to a lack of oxygen or until the fire had transitioned through flashover. The times that fires burned post-flashover varied based on the damage occurring within the structure. The goal was have patterns remaining on the ceiling, walls, and floors post-test. In total, thirteen experiments were conducted in the ranch structure and eight experiments were conducted in the colonial structure. All experiments were conducted at UL's Large Fire Laboratory in Northbrook, IL. Increasing the ventilation available to the fire, in both the ranch and the colonial, resulted in additional burn time, additional fire growth, and a larger area of fire damage within the structures. These changes are consistent with fire dynamics based assessments and were repeatable. Fire patterns within the room of origin led to the area of origin when the ventilation of the structure was considered. Fire patterns generated pre-flashover, persisted post-flashover if the ventilation points were remote from the area of origin.
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