Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Colonies françaises – Afrique occidentale – 20e siècle'
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Deville-Danthu, Bernadette. "Education physique, sport, colonisation et décolonisation dans les anciens territoires français d'Afrique occidentale : 1920-1965." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10019.
Full textHuillery, Elise. "Histoire coloniale : développement et inégalités dans l'ancienne Afrique occidentale française." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0111.
Full textThis PhD dissertation uses first-hand historical data on colonial French West Africa. First, I focus on the costs and benefits of colonial experience for France and its former colonies. I review the existing literature and show that evidence on whether colonialism was a costly or beneficiary experience for France is not clear yet. Then I provide an answer on the direct cost of French West Africa for French public expenses: this cost turns out to be very small -on average 0. 1 % of all public expenses. Few public investments were made during colonial times and almost all of them were financed by local population itself. Using econometrics, the thesis then seeks to provide evidence on the long term impact of colonial experience on current performances. I show that early colonial public investments m education, health and public works had large and persistent effects on current outcomes, and that a major channel for the long term effect of early investments is a strong persistence of investments: regions that got more of a specific type of investment at the early colonial times continued to get more of this particular type of investment. Finally, I give evidence that Europeans tended to settle in more prosperous pre-colonial areas and that the European settlement had a strong positive impact on current outcomes. I argue that the African hostility towards colonial power to colonisation provides a random variation in European settlement. Despite, the absence of a "reversal of fortune" within former French West Africa, some of the most prosperous pre-colonial areas lost their advantage because of their hostility: other areas caught up and became the new leaders in the region
Fall, Papis. "Les déportés de la Sénégambie et du Soudan : entre résistances et répressions dans un espace colonial de 1840 à 1946." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL074.
Full textThe problem of deportation or deportees from West Africa during the colonial era is not sufficiently addressed by French- and even English-speaking African historiography, which has focused more on wars, resistances and their different forms. In doing so, a reality of a part of colonial history remains more or less unknown. That is why we would like to study the following theme, which has been and remains of burning topicality: "The deportees of Senegambia and Sudan: between resistance and repression in a colonial space from 1840 to 1946". The actors in this story of the deportees are emblematic figures and/or simple anonymous, who wanted to defend the land of their ancestors, direct the destinies of their peoples, fight for the maintenance of African values and traditions. The history of "these soldiers of refusal" – namely religious leaders, fighters in the service of Islam and ancestral values or beliefs and political leaders to which are added the mentally insane, social bandits and delinquents, men of the press, supporters and/or followers of leaders and even Senegalese riflemen – deserves to be examined. This thesis is part of the questions of a colonial history attentive to the issues of repression and the maintenance of order. Faced with the manifest refusal of the leaders of troops or creators of emotions to resign themselves to the colonial diktat, the response given by the colonial authorities was, among other things, to deport/imprison them, to house arrest, to prohibit them from staying, to cut them off all forms of communication, any contact with their entourage and thus put them out of harm's way. In many cases, it was a form of imprisonment, which leads us to the study of the prison environment that reveals the forms of avoidance, the living conditions of the deportees, the architecture related to security issues, etc. The application of this technique of repression, part of the logic of security policies, was a way of slowing down the momentum of the leaders and annihilating all colonial resistance. The study we wish to conduct aims above all to identify the decisive place of deportation in the system of colonial repression, in the maintenance of security order, political control, control of people and spaces, for the exploitation of colonies. The chronological framework that this work attempts to illuminate goes from 1840 to 1946, a pivotal period in colonial history in West Africa, particularly in Senegambia and Sudan, in that it is marked by rapid transformations at all levels (political, economic, social and cultural). Was deportation so fundamental, so necessary for the realization of the colonial project, the maintenance of security order? To what extent did the deportees constitute a real obstacle, an obstacle to the establishment and imposition of colonial power? What was the role of law enforcement actors in the deportation process? This thesis explores major themes such as the contexts of deportation, the abuse of power by colonial administrators, indigénat and indigenous justice, the motivations of deportation, the multiple responses of indigenous people, their arrest and deportation, the place of agents/actors (army, gendarmerie and colonial police) in maintaining, restoring and/or protecting stability and the politico-economic consequences of such a "technique of power"
N'Dombi, Pierre. "L'administration publique de l'Afrique équatoriale française de 1920 à 1956 : histoire d'un Etat providence colonial." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10018.
Full textAfter the 1914-1918 war, some politicians condemned the colonial policy of france for having made the development of colonies dependent on their individual financial means alone. Faced with the deficiencies of private capital, the government of france undertook the economic tooling of french equatorial africa through administrative intervention. However, the state played only a complementary role : it established conditions favourable for development without creating it directly. The public administration ordered studies the put the results to private entrepreneurs. To alleviate the economic crises from 1930 to 1952 it granted tax exemptions, bonuses and subsidies, and controled transportation networks. This thesis analyses the 1920 to 1956 involvement of the public administration acting as a colonial welfare state in economic and social fieds in french equatorial africa
Gendry, Thaïs. "Le droit de tuer, La peine de mort au service de l’ordre colonial en Afrique occidentale française, 1900-1950." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0059.
Full textThe justice handed out in the French colonies of West Africa is not a by-product of French metropolitan justice. Oblivious to the separation of power, while being authoritarian and racialized, it is a distinctive way of organizing the right to punish and the right to kill. The death penalty has a scarce historiography in the French empire. It is also marginal in studies pertaining to colonial tools of power, law and order. Yet, it is the culmination of a process central to the establishment and maintenance of colonial domination: the separation between a legitimate right to kill and other types of illegitimate lethal violence. This dissertation explores the role played by the death penalty in the context of French West Africa between 1900 and 1950.The death penalty is analysed as a space where the fundamentals of colonial policies are deployed. Condemnation and executions generate and circulate colonial discourses about African behaviour, giving rise to criminal and enemy figures that ought to be eliminated. The staging of legitimate violence, within courts and by firing squads, continuously re-enacts divisions of power, of status (citizen/subject), of race and culture—the very pillars of the colonial order
Goeh-Akué, N'buéké Adovi. "Finances publiques et dynamique sociale en Afrique Noire sous influence française : le cas du Togo (1920-1980)." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070109.
Full textNsoudou, Carine. "L' émergence de cultures politiques au Cameroun (1918-1961) : étude comparée des zones sous administration française et britannique." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010696.
Full textTchikaya, Odile. "Le contrôle de la main d'oeuvre dans les colonies françaises au XXe siècle : l'exemple de l'A.E.F. de la première guerre mondiale à l'aube des indépendances (1914-1960)." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0031.
Full textAfter the First world War, the France has significant economic difficulties. It is necessary to rebuild the devastated metropolis but there is not enough financial means. Because of these economic difficulties was born a politic of exploitation of the French colonies, including those of A. E. F. (French Equatorial Africa) territory, (Gabon, Middle Congo, Oubangui-Chari and Chad) inducing their development. On April 21, 1921, the Minister of colonies, Albert Sarraut, filed a Bill to that effect. This extensive development programme requires a large labour force. However, the colonial administration faces demographic weakness of the territory which increases with the practice of forced labour, forcing workers to flee the work sites. To resolve these difficulties, the colonial administration applies the Decree of May 4, 1922, establishing the system of indigenous labor which the control is provided by a specialized institution, created by order of 24 July 1936: «inspectorate of work and indigenous workforce". Intervened belatedly, it fails to fulfill its primary mission: "the control of the application of labor legislation". The paralysis of the exploitation of workforce policy led the Government to abolish the forced or compulsory labor by the Act of April 11, 1946 in overseas territories. In addition, for the effectiveness of the control of the workforce, by the Decree of August 24, 1946, it puts inspectorate of work under "direct authority" of the Governor General, allowing it to exercise its missions independently. The efforts of the administration are not sufficient. Influenced by the trade unions and political parties, workers of the colonies want the establishment of a genuine Code of work. That’s why, on October 17, 1947 is promulgated the Code work in the territories of overseas called "Code Moutet". However, the Code is inadequate to the colonies and its provisions are very inadequate. It will therefore not applied. However, the requirement of a legal framework adapted to work overseas relations is asserted by African parliamentarians who want a social legislation, in accordance with the colonial realities. As a result, on December 15, 1952 is adopted the "Code of the work of the overseas territories", largely inspired by the Metropolitan legislation. The Code is "guarantor of social peace. " Nevertheless, it is adopted shortly before the framework law of 23 June 1956 that allows colonies to be more autonomous with respect to the metropolis. Thus at the dawn of independence, each colony of A. E. F. Develops its own institutions in order to organize work through principles of social cohesion and freedom
Ould, M'Bareck Sleimane. "Chaikh Sidiyya Baba et les élites musulmanes maures face à la pénétration coloniale française 1900-1924." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20020.
Full textDefinitly the time of the chaikh-s is not ready to be gone by yet and studying the modern (contemporaneous) history of Mauritania is impossible if one ignores all about the Sidiyya Family. The islamic religion and its dignitries had widely overwhelmed the discussion during the colonial period. In Mauritania, a certain family had been singularized by the political, intellectual and religeous wisdom of its leaders, in particular Chaikh Sidiyya Baba. His involvement in the colonization of Mauritanie has provided us an opportunity to have a view on islamic elite of moorish origin in Mauritania. Resistence, collaboration or accomodation are mentionned here one next to the other. This work tries to understand the question of the relationshps between muslim and non-muslim lands white giving a prospect on those between the cohabitation between Islam and the West today
Daget, Serge. "Les croisières françaises de répression de la traite des noirs sur les côtes occidentales de l'Afrique (1818-1850)." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040303.
Full textThe effect which the french cruisers had on the suppression of the african slave trade cannot be understood unless one first takes into account the forces to be curbed. Although slave trading was made illegal in France in 1818, french and west indian slavers did not hesitate to continue their trading without arousing any strong official reaction, even though repressive measures had been taken on the west african coast. Social, cultural, political and diplomatic conditions, as well as economic ones, explain the continued existence of an enterprise that had already lasted more than a century. Consequently, the question is to know how the repressive agents are going to operate on the african coast, and, if their results are not obvious, why not ? French cruisers, at first ineffectual, comply more and more with their duties: they capture national slavers that are judged and condemned. After a long policy of patience and denunciations, England in 1831 secures what she has been claiming in vain: an official co-operation of the royal navy with the french one in order to fight against the slavers. It is then a third french abolition law results in the ending of the national slave trade. We are therefore confronted with the paradox that a theoretically efficient system has no object to justify. An idyllic situation is brought about by an untraceable slave trade. Powers whose interests are less humanitarian than political create a serious crisis in France seeking to suppress the agreement signed in 1831-1833. Although successful, a new covenant with a nation that has always been resented as a machiavellian rival gives rise to a splendid french cruise: it lasts but one year as it is useless, and unable to act against the numerous brazilian or spanish slave traders. Thus, on the whole, french repression has been a failure. All the reasons for this failure have not been military ones. The weight of established mentalities, of economic needs, not nearly as urgent as implied, the weakness of humanitarian doctrines incapable of renovation, are among the deeper causes of this failure. Altogether a negative, repetitive story without any outstanding events. The knowledge of man in africa is imperceptible
Ridha, Shili. "Milieux d'affaires et activité minière coloniale : les mécanismes de l'emprise des structures : (le cas de quelques mines du Centre-Ouest tunisien 1900-1956)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA01A002.
Full textMorando, Laurent. "Les instituts coloniaux et l'Afrique : 1893-1940 : ambitions nationales, réussites locales." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10062.
Full textMindemon, Kolandi Laorewa. "Histoire économique du Tchad, 1924-1960." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010674.
Full textFlory, Céline. "La liberté forcée : politiques impériales et expériences de travail dans l'Atlantique au XIXème siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0135.
Full textAfter April 27th 1848, when slavery in the French colonies was permanently abolished, colonial administrators add planters attempted to reorganize colonial labor by introducing foreign contract workers. The Ministry of the Navy and colonies, responding to their requests, established a state-funded system to import indentured laborers. Thus, between 1854 and 1862, more than 21,000 men, women and children were recruited along the coast of West Africa to go to work ID French Guiana and French West Indies. This migration consisted of two distinct flows. First, between 1854 and 1856, recruitment was done among free African populations, and second, between 1857 and 1862, where recruitment was carried out in populations with captive status with a method called repurchase. By this method, French private merchants purchased captives, in order to "free" them by imposing on them a ten-year contract of indenture to be implemented on the other side of the Atlantic. 93% of these immigrants were thus recruited and indentured. This study examines the legal and ideological discourses held by the colonial actors to legitimize these forms of immigrations and focuses on the practices in place to recruit, transport and put to work the indentured workforce. It also treats the experiences of migration and work of African immigrants, who, for the vast majority of them, settled in their place of arrival
Ouattara, Katiénéffooua Adama. "Autorités politiques précoloniales et États : le cas des chefs Koya de Mankono dans le Nord-ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire (1888-2001)." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010588.
Full textProfizi, Vanina. "De l'île à l'Empire : colonisation et construction de l'identité nationale : les Corses, la nation et l'empire colonial français XIXe-XXe siècles." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0031.
Full textCorsica is by a high level of emigration throughout its history. Numerous agents and officials of French colonisation originate from the island. This contributed to get the Corsican involved into French identity, despite their late, brutal and incomplete integration to the metropolis. Decolonization induced major economic, political and social changes, and contributed to a reappraisal of Corsica's belonging to France since the 1960ies. After being enthusiastic supporters of the French colonial project, Corsicans are presented as being put under a political, economic and cultural tutelage similar to the colonial process. The colonial nature of Corsica's relationship with France is thus to be questioned. This work describes colonial migration: its organisation, its apprehension and its social consequences in Corsica as well as in the Empire: It also evaluates the impact of decolonization on this system by studying the remaining presence of Corsicans in former French colonies, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, and by considering the responsibility of imperial dismantlement in the phenomenon of political and social instability characterising Corsica since the 1960's
Agrour, Rachid. "Le mouvement hibiste et les tribus berbères de l'Anti-Atlas : une histoire de la périphérie (sud-ouest marocain) face au pouvoir central (1910-1934)." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010566.
Full textEwangue, Jean-Lucien. "L' économie de plantation et son impact au Cameroun sous administration française, 1916-1960." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070005.
Full textCameroon experienced a rapid growth in the domain of plantation economy in Africa during the period of colonisation. To assure the development of plantations in Cameroon, France as well as Germany used hard measures to force workers to work on these plantations. Plantations have been a catalyst of changes occurred within the Cameroonian societies during the colonial period. Thus, this study based on plantation economy in Cameroon under the French administration reveals the factors of ' modernity" and change that took place in the Cameroonian society during the period of colonisation. This research has equally brought out the divergences of situations and regional reactions
Ba, Amadou. "Des "Sénégalais" à Madagascar : militaires ouest-africains dans la conquête et la colonisation de la Grande-île (1895-1960)." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070024.
Full textOf Senegalese in Madagascar : West African Soldiers in the Colonization of the Grande Ile (1895-1960) France, in the second half of the 19th century, in an attempt to regain part of the grandeur she had lost during the Napoleonic wars, and most significantly in the aftermath of her defeat against Prussia in 1980, resumed her colonization policy in Africa and the Indian Ocean. In March 1895, an expedition launched against the Grande ile resulted in the capture of Antanananarivo in September that same year. The troops sent to this country included individuals hailing from Afrique Occidentale Française (French West Africa), usually referred to as the "tirailleurs senegalais" - even though most of them did not originate from the colony of Senegal per se, but rather from other territories - who played a significant part After being used as units of conquest and « pacifying », the African recruits from the A. O. F, Afrique occidentale française (French West Africa), remained stationed in this southwestern Indian océan colony as an occupying force and turned into police forces. In the year 1947, a violent insurrection broke out in eastern Madagascar. In order to repress this uprising, France sent once more battalions of "tirailleurs sénégalais", quartered in her Djibouti base, but also in metropolitan France. Many of those soldiers were killed (1,900 "tirailleurs" died). At the end of the operation, large numbers of those soldiers were maintained in this country as policemen, as had been the case at the beginning of the XIXth century, and without ever returning to their homeland. Drawing from archives (Vincennes and Aix-en-Provence in France, the National Archives of Senegal and the Archives of the Republic of Madagascar), iconography and films, fieldwork carried out in Madagascar in 2006, in Senegal (2006 and 2008), and in France; but drawing mostly from books and journals on the history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais", colonial French and Malagasy military history, I seek to pièce together this history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais". A history both neglected by scholars and overlooked by the French nation. My dissertation falls into three chapters: First, I analyze the main motivations behind the military draft in West Africa used so as to conquer a colony located thousands of kilometers away from A. O. F. (French West Africa). What were the particulars, the methods, and the strategies of the draft? What was the position of the A. O. F. In this draft? How did the young African view the army? Where those recruits volunteers? What were their social and ethnic backgrounds? The second chapter is devoted to the study of the various missions the tirailleurs sénégalais were trusted with. What was their role in the colonization of Malagascar? What happened to them after the conquest and "pacifying"? Lastly, I turn to the contemporary impact of a West African presence in the colonization of Madagascar through three themes: