Journal articles: 'Colonialism; Nigeria'

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Sambo, Usman, Babayo Sule, Muhammad A. Bello, and Misbahu Sa’idu. "Colonialism and Emasculation of Political and Religious Institutions in Northern Nigeria." Review of Politics and Public Policy in Emerging Economies 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/rope.v3i1.1737.

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Purpose: Colonialism, a phenomenon which has long gone remains an interesting subject of debates especially among the African scholars. This is perhaps, due to the aggressive nature in which colonialism violently altered the evolutionary destiny of the African states. Any study that carefully dig deeply can easily come up with an area of contribution regarding the subject matter of colonialism in Africa. This study specifically explored how colonialism emasculated the political and religious institutions of Northern Nigeria with a view to ascertain the current crisis of identity that the region is facing. Design/Methodology/Approach: Descriptive analytical design was adopted, thematic analysis and a qualitative content analysis method was used in this study which analyzed critically the various views and dimensions on the role played by colonialism in the emasculation of political and religious institutions in Northern Nigeria. Findings: The results revealed that Northern Nigeria had a well-articulated and functioning political and religious institutions prior to the emergence of the exploitative colonialism. The British colonialist supervised the destruction of these heritages and replaced them with the alien ones that failed to function well leading to crisis of identity. Implications/Originality/Value: So it is concluded that colonialism succeeded in damaging the Northern Nigerian heritage and that there must be a reversal towards that indigenous culture and social settings for Northern Nigeria to record a meaningful progress in the 21st century.

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Adetiba, Toyin Cotties. "Dynamics of Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: An Impediment to its Political System." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 11, no. 2(J) (May 13, 2019): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v11i2(j).2828.

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Without any form of prejudice, it is a fact that Nigeria is a multi-ethnic state with differences in its socio-political and economic development all of which have resulted in conflicts and counter conflicts. Ethnic politics in Nigeriaâ€™s political system have come to be a tragic and constant in Nigeriaâ€™s political system; where one must belong to the mainstream of ethnic politics for political relevance. It depicts attachments to the sub-national ethnic groups which threaten to undermine national integration and therefore divide the nation. Significantly, ethnicity in Nigeria was orchestrated by a long period of colonialism, a period which witnessed the ascendancy of the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria to the socio-political domination of other ethnic groups. It was a period when the three major ethnic groups were used by the colonialist as a pedestal for the distribution of socio-political and economic goods. Using a mixed method, this work argues that Nigeriaâ€™s political problem hinges on the negative consequences of ethnic politics. The paper concludes that if Nigeriaâ€™s political system must progress, it must be anchored on the need for the review of the constitutional and political structure of Nigeria to restore healthy political competition as opposed to the existing outdated political mechanism imposed on Nigeria by the military under the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

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Asojo, Abimbola O., and Babatunde E. Jaiyeoba. "MODERNISM AND CULTURAL EXPRESSION IN UNIVERSITY CAMPUS DESIGN: THE NIGERIAN EXAMPLE." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 10, no. 3 (November 28, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v10i3.1102.

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In the early to mid-20th century as a result of colonialism and independence across Africa, modernism became prominent as urbanization rapidly affected major Nigerian cities and towns. Modernism was reflected in the public projects designed and executed by expatriate firms of modernist architects and designers for the colonialists. In literature, most of the discussion on modernism has predominantly been focused on Europe and the Americas. There is very limited information available about the African continent, especially West Africa and Nigeria. In this paper, we discuss the designs of the first generation Nigerian Universities. Our goal is to introduce audiences to cultural expression and diverse perspectives of Nigerian spaces of this era, and thus contribute to the global design discourse. We will illustrate how the designers and architects acculturated the international style into the tropical climate and sociocultural context of Nigeria. We will discuss the impact of Nigerian indigenous cultures on the site layout, building form, spatial configuration, interior and exterior relationships, materials, construction techniques, symbols and aesthetics.

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Muhammad, Aisha Mustapha. "Divergent Struggles for Identity and Safeguarding Human Values: A Postcolonial Analysis of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 11, no. 2 (May 22, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v11.n2.p1.

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In the novel Adichie uncovers the characters’ struggles based on the loss of Identity and Human values which is basically the result of the Nigerian civil war. The characters strive to bring back what they lost due to the war. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie was born much later after the Nigerian civil war of 1966-1969. Chimamanda Adichie had the interest to revive history of the war; she used her imaginative talent in bringing what she hadn’t experienced. The novel Half of a Yellow Sun is a literary work which uses the theory of post-colonialism or post-colonial studies, it is a term that is used to analyze and explain the legacy of colonialism through the study of a particular book. Colonialism did not happen during the colonial era only but extended to after independence of the countries that were colonized. The novel Half of a Yellow Sun shows the effect of colonialism after independence of Nigeria. Adichie believes that by bringing back the issue of the war, the growing generation would understand more about the war. According to her in Nigeria the history taught in the primary and secondary schools is not complete, some parts were removed and nobody is allowed to talk about it. So through the novel, she tries to go through history to see what has happened, so that she can make the young generation understand history better. The book opens with a poem by Chinua Achebe about the Nigerian civil war.

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Alemika, Etannibi E. O. "Colonialism, state and policing in Nigeria." Crime, Law and Social Change 20, no. 3 (October 1993): 187–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01308450.

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AHAOTU GODWIN NDUBUISI and OGUNODE NIYI JACOB. "TRADE UNIONISM AND ACADEMIC STAFF UNION OF UNIVERSITIES CONTRIBUTIONS ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN NIGERIA." International Journal on Integrated Education 3, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.948.

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Trade unions and trade unionism in Nigeria are the legacy of colonialism in Nigeria. It was during the era of colonialism that unionism began. In view of the above, this paper will examine the historical overview of trade unions in Nigeria, the concept of trade union, rationale for union formation by Workers, identification of the various kinds of trade unions in public universities in Nigeria, contributions of Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) in the administration of public universities in Nigeria, Conclusion and recommendations.

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Ahaotu Godwin Ndubuisi and Ogunode Niyi Jacob. "Trade unionism and academic staff union of universities contributions on the administration of public universities in Nigeria." International Journal on Integrated Education 3, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.953.

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Trade unions and trade unionism in Nigeria are the legacy of colonialism in Nigeria. It was during the era of colonialism that unionism began. In view of the above, this paper will examine the historical overview of trade unions in Nigeria, the concept of trade union, rationale for union formation by Workers, identification of the various kinds of trade unions in public universities in Nigeria, contributions of Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) in the administration of public universities in Nigeria, Conclusion and recommendations.

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OMOTADE, AWODUN ADEBISI, OGUNJEMILUA A.A, and FAMILUGBA J.O. "The Contributions Of Nigeria Women Towards National Development." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 3, no. 5 (May 31, 2015): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol3.iss5.363.

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This paper examine the contributions of Nigeria Women towards National Development. It gives the detrimental effects which the colonialism have had on the status of Nigerian women. The challenges of women contributions to the development of the Nigerian nation are highlighted. And ameliorating these challenges recommendations are made which among others include the proper education of women, formation of more women, business cooperatives, enlightment campaigns in secondary and tertiary institutions as well as granting women their constitutional rights to effective participation in the affairs of the country.

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Mustapha, Abdul Raufu. "Colonialism and environmental perception in Northern Nigeria." Oxford Development Studies 31, no. 4 (December 2003): 405–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1360081032000146609.

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Pierce, Steven. "Looking Like a State: Colonialism and the Discourse of Corruption in Northern Nigeria." Comparative Studies in Society and History 48, no. 4 (August 9, 2006): 887–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417506000338.

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In the international press Nigeria is represented almost exclusively as a state in crisis. Recurrent military coups, ethnic and religious sectionalism, a civil war, a series of bloody riots and local unrest (of which the Niger delta situation is the best-known example), economic turmoil, and the re-imposition of the Islamic criminal code in many northern states have all been used to paint a picture of chaos and collapse. Journalists and government officials alike tend to find the roots of Nigeria's problems in intractable ethnic conflict, the collapse of oil prices in 1983, structural adjustment mandated by the International Monetary Fund in 1986, and hatred between Muslims and Christians. The trouble with Nigeria is also understood to illustrate the trouble with Africa. With 25 percent of the population of sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria appears as representative of Africa. Potentially wealthy from its oil revenue, it symbolizes Africa's promise denied.

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Ayinla, Lukman Alabi. "JURISPRUDENTIAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE FOUNTAIN OF NIGERIA LEGAL SYSTEM." Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 21, 2020): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v13i2.3796.

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The basis of the Nigerian legal system appears multi-faceted, the fact that the country had contact with colonialism and the intervening military rule as against a truly democratic arrangement bequeathed at the independence of the country are source of concern. The paper adopts the doctrinal research method to attempt a critique of perspectives of the actual basis of the Nigeria legal system. The paper looks at some relevant concepts, the fountain in term of the grundnorm, customary law together with brief historical facts, and characteristic nature of Nigeria legal system to interrogate some perspectives. The paper founds that the fountain of the legal system is more of being jurisprudential in nature and concludes that the basis of Nigerian legal system is multi-faceted but ultimately founded on the constitution.

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Astuti, Anjar Dwi. "A PORTRAYAL OF NIGERIAN AFTER CIVIL WAR IN CHINUA ACHEBE’S CIVIL PEACE (1971)." Journal of Culture, Arts, Literature, and Linguistics (CaLLs) 3, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/calls.v3i2.875.

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African literature has strong relation with colonialism, not only because they had ever been colonized but also because of civil war. Civil Peace (1971), a short story written by Chinua Achebe, tells about how Nigerian survive and have to struggle to live after Nigerian Civil War. It is about the effects of the war on the people, and the “civil peace” that followed. The Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Nigerian-Biafran War, 6 July 1967–15 January 1970, was a political conflict caused by the attempted annexation of the southeastern provinces of Nigeria as the self-proclaimed Republic of Biafra. The conflict was the result of economic, ethnic, cultural and religious tensions among the various peoples of Nigeria. Knowing the relation between the story and the Nigerian Civil War, it is assured that there is a history depicted in Civil Peace. In this article, the writer portrays the history and the phenomenon of colonization in Nigeria by using new historical and postcolonial criticism approaches.Keywords: history, colonization, civil war

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Umar, M. S. "Muslims' Eschatological Discourses on Colonialism in Northern Nigeria." Journal of the American Academy of Religion 67, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 59–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/67.1.59.

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Otu, Noel. "Colonialism and the criminal justice system in Nigeria." International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 23, no. 2 (September 1999): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01924036.1999.9678646.

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15

Elechi, Maraizu. "Western Racist Ideologies and the Nigerian Predicament." Dialogue and Universalism 31, no. 1 (2021): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du20213116.

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Racism is responsible for discrimination against some citizens in Nigeria. It influences government's policies and actions and militates against equity and equal opportunity for all. It has effaced indigenous values and ebbed the country into groaning predicaments of shattered destiny and derailed national development. Racism hinges on superciliousness and the assumed superiority of one tribe and religion over the others. These bring to the fore two forms of racism in Nigeria: institutional and interpersonal racisms. The Western selfish motive to dominate, marginalize, and sustain economic gains, political expansion, psycho-mental control, and socio-cultural devaluations escalated racism in Nigeria. Racist ideologies were entrenched through the selfish ventures of slave trade, colonialism and neo-colonialism, which enforced an unprecedented unjust harvest of impugnable systemic practices. Neo-colonial forces continue to promote ethnocentrism, cultural imperialism, and the dehumanization, exploitation, oppression, and suppression of Africans. Adopting a methodical approach of critical analysis, this article spotlights the negative effects of racism on Nigeria's development. However, the bristling challenges of racist ideologies can be resolved within the epistemological compass of gynist deconstruction approach to human thought and action for a better universe of one human race.

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Njeuma, Martin Zachary, and William F. S. Miles. "Hausaland Divided: Colonialism and Independence in Nigeria and Niger." African Studies Review 39, no. 2 (September 1996): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/525460.

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Cooper, Barbara M., and William F. S. Miles. "Hausaland Divided: Colonialism and Independence in Nigeria and Niger." International Journal of African Historical Studies 28, no. 3 (1995): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/221191.

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Masquelier, Adeline, and William F. S. Miles. "Hausaland Divided: Colonialism and Independence in Nigeria and Niger." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 1, no. 4 (December 1995): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3035002.

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Unumen, Julius O. "Colonialism and the underdevelopment of Abuja Area of Nigeria." AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities 5, no. 2 (June 6, 2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijah.v5i2.5.

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KIRK-GREENE, A. H. M. "Hausaland Divided: Colonialism and independence in Nigeria and Niger." African Affairs 94, no. 376 (July 1995): 452–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098864.

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Yusuf, Hakeem O. "Colonialism and the Dilemmas of Transitional Justice in Nigeria." International Journal of Transitional Justice 12, no. 2 (March 27, 2018): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijy006.

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ALABO, BIG, and TAMUNOPUBO. "An Analysis Of China-Nigeria Economic Cooperations." Think India 22, no. 3 (September 21, 2019): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8106.

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This study examined an analysis of China–Nigeria economic cooperation to ascertain whether the both countries have benefited from the economic relations or if it is one sided. The study was guided by complex interdependence theory by Keohane and Nye. The study addressed issues that have to do with conceptual clarifications such as; the concept of economic cooperation. The study adopted ex-post factor research design as the research design while data for the study was through secondary sources like journal article, text books magazine newspapers and institutional documents. The findings of the study show that there were economic cooperation that existed between China and Nigeria such as energy (oil), infrastructure and education. The study also found that Nigeria has not benefitted from the economic cooperation with China due to China’s neo-colonialism attitude towards Nigeria, China’s exploitative tendency toward Nigeria and China’s sub-standard goods brought into Nigeria. Based on these findings the study recommended among others that; Nigeria should use China’s aspiration for oil to extract concession in areas vital to Nigeria interest and Nigerian government must set up policies that will make China to ensure that the goods that are brought into Nigeria are up to the standard.

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Oladipo Ojo, Emmanuel. "CHANGE AND CONTINUITY AMONG THE BATOMBU SINCE 1900." Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 57, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v57i1.75.

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Like elsewhere in Nigeria and Africa, the imposition of colonial rule on Batombuland and the incursion of western ideas produced profound socio-cultural, economic and political changes in the Batombu society. However, unlike several Nigerian and African peoples whose histories have received extensive scholarly attention, the history of the Batombu has attracted very little scholarly attention. Thus virtually neglected, the Batombu occupies a mere footnote position in the extant historiography of Nigeria. This is the gap this article seeks to fill. It examines the impact of colonialism and western civilisation on Batombu’s political, social, economic and cultural institutions and concludes that as profound and far-reaching as these changes were some important aspects of the indigenous institutions and traditional practices of the people survived.

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Emenike, Nkechi W., and David Plowright. "Third culture indigenous kids: neo-colonialism and student identities in Nigerian international schools." Journal of Research in International Education 16, no. 1 (February 12, 2017): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475240917692757.

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This study examines the extent to which indigenous Nigerian students attending international schools in their own country are able to successfully negotiate their identities from conflictual perspectives within their schools and home communities. Using a sample of 66 students aged 12 to 18 years, from two international schools in Nigeria, the findings show the students appeared to display different identities in relation to the degree to which they conformed to expectations of both environments. The article argues that the negotiating of indigenous students’ identities results in the forming of a third space within which they are subjected to ideological and cultural pressures. They are thus referred to as third culture indigenous kids (TCIKs).

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Ovia, Ebikaboere. "Globalization and Security in Nigeria." AGOGO: Journal of Humanities 4 (February 14, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46881/ajh.v4i0.224.

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Globalization is the ability by man to crisscross the world irrespective of geographical boundaries. Unhindered movement is an evidence of human development from simple manual efforts at achieving things in ancient times to sophisticated technological means in contemporary times. The free access to other nations is double edged, that is positive as well as negative however. The effect of globalization on the security of Nigeria shall be the focus of the paper. The type of weapons at the disposal of citizens before and after colonialism shall be examined. The sources of such weapons as well as their sophistication shall also be examined.

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Oloyede Alabi, Michael. "Modern landscaping and medicinal plant loss as a legacy of colonialism in Nigeria (Lokoja as case study)." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2014): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v3i1.3192.

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This paper aims to trace the history of colonial urban planning in Nigerian cities, its legacies of urban design and beautification of the environment. In Nigeria the town planning institutional frame works was established under the colonial rule which persisted to the post colonial period. In this sense the colonial era was a phase in which European institutions and values systems were transferred to Nigeria, one of which is the concept of environmental beautification with the use of plants. An investigation is carried out on the influence of colonial rule on landscaping and urban design. Findings show that the introduction of deliberate landscaping to city planning have over the years systematically led to loss of valuable indigenous plants partly due to the introduction of exotic plants. These are plants that initially were seen as sources of cure for several ailments. There is therefore the need for a rethink as to the type of plants to be used for landscaping.

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Piola, Afriliyani, and Happy Anastasia Usman. "THE IMPACT OF THE 19TH CENTURY EUROPEAN COLONIALISM IN AFRICA, IN THE NOVEL “THINGS FALL APART” BY CHINUA ACHEBE." British (Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris) 8, no. 2 (September 29, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31314/british.8.2.109-118.2019.

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Things Fall Apart is a novel potrays the background of traditional life and primitive culture Ibo tribe in Umuofia, Nigeria, Africa and also the impact of European colonialism towards Africans’ society in the early 19th century. The research applies the qualitative method and it supported by the sociology of literature approach. The primary data are taken from the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe. Based on the analysis the researcher conducts, the impact of European colonialism in Africa which not only brings a positive impacts but also negative legacy. There are several points of the impact European colonialism in Africa : existence of christianity, existence of language, establishment regulation and contribution to development.

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Ogunbado, Ahamad Faosiy. "Impacts of Colonialism on Religions: An Experience of Southwestern Nigeria." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 5, no. 6 (2012): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-0565157.

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Ijaola, Samson Oluwatope. "From colonialism to neo-colonialism, Christianity in cultural demythologization and ecological crises in the Niger Delta, Nigeria." AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities 5, no. 3 (July 19, 2016): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijah.v5i3.14.

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Gandhi, S. P. Jenifer. "Hegemony in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichies’s “Apollo”." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, no. 7 (July 28, 2020): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i7.10683.

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This paper tries to examine the operation and influence of hegemony in Adichie’s “Apollo”. Hegemony is closely linked with oppression of any kind. In “Apollo” the influence of hegemony is notable as the characters are affected by it invisibly and the characters are unaware of their oppressed/influenced state. As the characters are from Nigeria, a former colony, the aspects of colonialism and neo-colonialism are linked in the analysis of hegemony in this novel. The modes through which hegemony affects the characters are also discussed in this paper.

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Alabi, David Toba. "Religious Conflicts in Northern Nigeria: A Critical Analysis." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 58, no. 3-4 (July 2002): 273–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492840205800311.

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Within the framework of the theory of social conflict, this paper took a critical look at the causes, dimensions and effects of the perennial religious conflicts in northern Nigeria. It argues that colonialism, divergent perception of the Nigerian state intra-elite power struggle, the national economic crisis, politicisation of religion and educational backwardness are some of the causes of religious conflicts in the northern Nigeria. In particular, it observes that the increased tempo in religious conflicts in this zone since the commencement of the Fourth Republic in May 1999 could be attributed to the power tussle between the southern and the northern elite, the urge for “self-determination” among the northern minorities, the emergence of democracy and the-attendance openness, adverse national economic conditions and the reckless and inflammatory comments of some of the highly placed Nigerians. It, however, concludes that for religious peace to reign in the north, the issue of economic problems confronting the country has to be resolved, the kingpins of religious violence in the zone must be fished out and brought to justice, religious matters must be left with religious leaders and the educational gap between the north and the south be bridged. Above all, the issue of promoting religious harmony in this region is a collective one and every patriotic Nigerian must be committed to it.

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Pierce, Steven. "PUNISHMENT AND THE POLITICAL BODY Flogging and Colonialism in Northern Nigeria." Interventions 3, no. 2 (January 2001): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698010120059618.

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Thurston, Alexander. "The Era of Overseas Scholarships: Islam, Modernization, and Decolonization in Northern Nigeria, c. 1954-1966." Journal of Religion in Africa 44, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 62–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12301273.

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AbstractIn independence-era Northern Nigeria, different segments of the modernizing elite contended over defining the place of Islam in society. This article argues that the case of Northern Nigeria disrupts scholarly periodizations of twentieth-century Islamic thought and activism that depict the 1950s and 1960s as a time of secularist dominance. The specificity of Muslim communities’ experiences of colonialism and decolonization helped shape the role Islam played in different societies during this period. This article develops this thesis by examining the semiautonomous Northern Nigerian regional government’s program of sending young, Arabophone Muslim scholars to Arab and British universities between 1954 and 1966. The overseas scholarships system was to be the culmination of British colonial efforts to produce ‘modern’ Muslim judges and teachers. However, Arabophones’ experiences overseas, and their ambivalent relationship with the Northern government after their return highlight the unintended consequences of colonial policies and of scholarship winners’ encounters with the broader Muslim world.

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Ogan, Tamunosiki V. "Democratic ideals and the Nigerian state: what hope for the future." AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities 7, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijah.v7i3.2.

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An analysis of the principles of democracy was carried out. The objective was to delineate the extent to which the Nigerian state is democratic and how its current democratic ideals could impact on its future existence as a state. The method adopted for the study was that of content analysis, which involved conceptual and historical analyses of textual data. It was discovered from historical data that the Nigerian state runs a system of government, which promotes internal colonialism of the minority groups by the major ones. This political imbalance was shown to create social and political tension, where the peripheral groups were hostile to the core regions. It was recommended in the study that if the Nigerian state is to subsist in the future, then it has to restructure its political institutions to promote true federalism as well as imbibe and practice standard democratic ideals.Keywords: Democratic ideal, Nigeria, Hope, Future

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Adeyemi, Oluwatobi, O. "Amalgamation and the Crisis of Governance: The Nigeria Experience." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 8, no. 3 (July 16, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v8i3.13390.

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This paper deals with the discourse on evolution of Nigerian state and the challenges it poses for actualisation of democratic governance in the polity. The continued crises in the polity and corrupt practices that characterizes Nigerian state overtime reveals a diminishing state of accountability and ethical values which has its foundation in emergence of the Nigerian state. Since the purpose of amalgamation was to protect the British economic interest and to facilitate exploitation of the nation’s resources, the Nigerian politician who took over power from the British continued from where they stopped, thereby making the state an instrument to perpetuate corrupt practices of all sorts. The implication of this is the disappearance of democratic values, political decadence and retarded development. Methodologically, the paper adopted a qualitative research technique of data collection through the content analysis of empirical studies conducted by scholars who have made outstanding contributions on the practice of governance within and outside Nigerian political landscape. Against this analytical background, the study analyses the issue of governance vis-a-vis avoidable crises foisted on the polity by the politicians since the commencement of the independence in 1960 and finds out that, the present governance crises in Nigeria had its root in colonialism. The study therefore calls for a resolution among the federating units which must entail a renegotiation of the polity along democratic principles and a total reform of the anti-corruption agencies for effective performance.

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Warren, Dennis Michael. "Islam in Nigeria." American Journal of Islam and Society 5, no. 1 (September 1, 1988): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v5i1.2888.

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Islam in Nigeria is the product of A. R. I. Doi's twenty years of research on the spread and development of Islam in Nigeria. Professor Doi, currently the director of the Centre for Islamic Legal Studies at Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria, has also taught at the University of Nigeria at Nsukka and the University of lfe. His lengthy tenure in the different major geographical zones of Nigeria is reflected in the book. The twenty-one chapters begin with a general introductory overview of the spread of Islam in West Africa. Part I is devoted to the impact of Islam in the Northern States of Nigeria, Part II deals with the more recent spread of Islam into the Southern Nigerian States and Part III explicates a wide variety of issues germane to the understanding of Islam at the national level. The book is comprehensive, thoroughly researched, and is based on analyses of secondary sources as well as primary field research conducted in all parts of Nigeria. The book has nine maps, seventy-three photographs, detailed notes at the end of each chapter, a bibliography and an index. Professor Doi traces the spread of Islam through North Africa into the Ancient Empires of Ghana, Mali and Songhai. As Islam moved into the Northern part of Nigeria, it had a dramatic impact on the seven Hausa states and on the Fulani peoples who carried out the jihad under Shehu Utham Dan Fodio and the Fulani Sultans of Sokoto. A link was established between the Umawz Arabs and the Kanem-Bornu State. Islam also influenced the Nupe and Ebirra peoples. With the arrival of the Royal Niger Company, British Imperialism and Christian missions began to move into Northern Nigeria about 1302 AH/1885 AC. The impact of colonialism and Christianity upon Islam in Northern Nigeria is analyzed by Dr. Doi. Of particular interest is the analysis of syncretism between Islam and the indigenous cultures and religions of Northern Nigeria. The Boori Cult and the belief in al-Jinni are described. The life cycle of the Hausa-Fulani Muslims includes descriptions of the ceremonies conducted at childbirth, the naming of a new child, engagement, marriage, divorce, and death. Non-Islamic beliefs which continue to persist among Muslims in Northern Nigeria are identified ...

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Pierce, Steven. "POINTING TO PROPERTY: COLONIALISM AND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT LAND TENURE IN NORTHERN NIGERIA." Africa 83, no. 1 (January 22, 2013): 142–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972012000757.

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ABSTRACTColonial contact created many African ‘traditions’ that are in fact novel; part of this process involved translation, in which cultural accommodations were determined not just by the political interests of negotiators but by the challenges of moving between languages and conceptual universes. This article focuses on the cultural translation of land tenure and property in colonial northern Nigeria, as legal paradigms and principles of governance. Beginning in the early colonial period, Western paradigms came to shape the ways colonial authorities understood indigenous landholding, which in turned influenced how they governed small-scale farmers. The article traces how different intellectual traditions came together to create a ‘traditional’ system of land tenure with very little purchase on past practices, and a somewhat attenuated relationship with the lives of ordinary farmers.

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Straussberger. "Colonialism by Proxy: Hausa Imperial Agents and Middle Belt Consciousness in Nigeria." Journal of West African History 3, no. 1 (2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/jwestafrihist.3.1.0123.

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Sani, Abdullahi Ibrahim, and Cecep Anwar. "Madrasa and Its Development in Nigeria." Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v6i2.9750.

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This study aims to describe the development of madrasa education system in African continent. It also explores the development of madrasa in Taraba State, Nigeria. This research used a descriptive method. The results showed that in African continent, madrasa institutions had their historical developments, financial support and how British colonial influenced their development. In Nigeria, madrasa institutions have had similar developments with their counterparts from other countries in the African continent. British colonialism has reduced the supremacy of madrasa in terms of financial and managerial capacity. In Taraba State, Nigeria, there are several different forms of traditional non-formal Islamic education. Their forms include madrasa qur'anic college with the evolutionary development around Alaramma; madrasa whose mobility is limited; and Islamic school. The three educational institutions are recognized by the government and they have experienced modernization in terms of their management for the Qur'an program and their Western infrastructure use.

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Omobowale, Ayokunle Olumuyiwa. "The roots of division, activism, and civil society in Nigeria." International Sociology 33, no. 5 (September 2018): 558–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580918791968.

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Throughout its more than a century history, Nigeria has had a checkered story of ethnicity, divisions, violence, and mutual suspicions. Nigeria’s experience with colonialism engendered a Western-oriented activism and metamorphosis of civil society, which have affected governance in diverse ways. Existing civil society is nonetheless affected by contextual factors such as patronage, corruption, and ethnicism, with internal democratization of civil society groups a major factor that could advance their contribution to governance and local development. Nigeria, however, remains at a crossroads, due to deep-seated ethnic animosity as well as the failure of contemporary activism and civil society to redeem the nation from schismatic ills rooted in its colonial foundations.

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Ihidero, Victor Osae. "Terror thrillers and tradition: a postcolonial reading of selected African cinema." EJOTMAS: Ekpoma Journal of Theatre and Media Arts 7, no. 1-2 (April 15, 2020): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejotmas.v7i1-2.10.

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Nigeria, Kenya and Somalia are few of the countries in Africa faced with terrorism and militancy. The rise and expansion of terrorist groups such as Al-Shabaab, Boko Haram, the Niger-Delta Volunteer Force, the Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) and recently, the Avengers, has risen to vent terror on the peoples of Nigeria, Kenya and Somalia. Whilst each of these countries has its own distinct challenges that led to the formation of such terrorist groups, the emergence of terrorism in Nigeria remains complex. One of the ways an explicit explanation has been given to these complexes in Nigeria is through thriller fiction. Nollywood as well as other film industries in Africa has produced several thriller fictions that attempt to explicate the reasons behind militancy and terrorism in Africa. October 1 and Eye in the Sky are two examples of African cinema that have attempted to film the recent rise of terrorism in Nigeria and Kenya. Within the lens of October 1, terrorism in Nigeria, and by extension Africa, is rooted on ethnic and religious divide fuelled by external contact with other cultures; in this case, the culture of imperial England. This study, using the premise of postcolonial reading, examined Kunle Afolayan's award winning terror thriller, October 1 and attempted to bring out the powercultural interplay that bred terrorism in Nigeria. The study found out that the ideology of Boko Haram ("Western education is a sin") terrorist group, as bad as it seems, is a postcolonial stance against [neo]colonialism. However, the ideology lost its steam because it failed to reassert the Nigerian humanity or show any humanist tendencies to reclaiming the African glorious past. Keywords: Terror thriller, Traditionality, African cinema, Postcoloniality, Terrorism

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Bashir Abubakar, Mallam M. "Muslim Responses to British Colonialism in Northern Nigeria as Expressed in Fulfulde Poems." Islamic Africa 4, no. 1 (April 18, 2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5192/21540993040101.

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Njoku, O. N. "Colonialism and the Decline of the Traditional Metal Industry of the Igbo, Nigeria." Itinerario 15, no. 2 (July 1991): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300006380.

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At the close of the nineteenth century, that is on the eve of colonial rule in Igboland, Igbo metal industry was flourishing. Production had attained a high level in the range and the quality of output. The output included agricultural equipment, traps and guns as well as title insignia and ornaments, mosdy made of copper and brass. The demand for die smiths' products were widespread and seemingly insatiable. To serve the need of dieir widely dispersed customers and patrons, Igbo smiths from Abiriba, Agulu Amokwe, Agulu Umana, Awka, and Nkwere undertook regular tours of parts of soudi-eastern Nigeria and even beyond – up to die Niger-Benue confluence area; past die Edo country to Ondo Yorubaland; and to the Bamenda district of die Cameroons. The superiority of Igbo metalworking led, in some of these places, to the demise of the local industry.

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Kaspin, Deborah. ": Hausaland Divided: Colonialism and Independence in Nigeria and Niger . William F. S. Miles." American Anthropologist 97, no. 3 (September 1995): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1995.97.3.02a00670.

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Ogunjimi, Bayo. "The Herd Instinct and Class Literature in Nigeria Today." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 20, no. 2 (1992): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700501498.

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Right from the period of colonialism the herd or cult of the national bourgeoisie has been consistent in its chicanery of reifying, alienating and approximating the social existence of the peasants, the working class and other oppressed social strata. They operate the political culture from various levels of fetishisms as politicians, businessmen, professionals, religious prelates, feudal oligarchies and cultic forces. Set against the masses is the conglomerate of the class referred to by Wole Soyinka as the “self-consolidating regurgitative lumpen Mafiadom of the military, the old politicians and business enterprises” (The Man Died, London, Andre Deutsche Ltd., 1972, p. 181). This class consists of those that Frantz Fanon refers to as the conduit pipes and errand boys of international monopoly capital.

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Ejobowah, John Boye. "Sharia and the Press in Nigeria." American Journal of Islam and Society 19, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v19i2.1947.

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Over the decades, Nigerian political elites have devised various constitutionaland administrative arrangements to cope with the country's complexethnic and religious pluralism. Yet, peace and stability have been elusive,as the country continues to experience severe religious and communal conflicts.These are reflected in the highly polemical book in which AdoKurawatries to trace the origin and nature of what he calls the hostility ofwestern Christian representatives towards Islam.In the book, Ado-Karuwa attempts to argue that the secular publicspace is too inflected with Christian values to make a claim to neutrality,and he uses Nigeria as a case study. He begins by noting that historically,Islam in Europe was tolerant and accommodative of the Christian religion,but this was not reciprocated when the Crusades were launched and"Muslims ... received the worst treatment imaginable." According to him,the failure of the armed campaign prompted Christian clerics to embark onan intellectual attack that entailed the negative representation of Islam inscholarly writings. What emerged, according to him, was a body of knowledgethat explained the superiority of the West over the Islamic world.Contemporary global dominance by the West has also opened the door foracademic institutions in Europe and America to strangulate Islam under theguise of promoting universal science.Ado-Karuwa relates the above to Nigeria by noting that, within thecountry, both Christian intellectuals and some British-trained Muslims actas agents of the West by promoting a secularism that marginalizes Islam.After a lengthy polemic about orientalism, colonialism, and Americanimperialism, the author returns to the issue of secularism, which he discussesgenerally without relating it concretely to Nigeria. He does not showhow secularism in Nigeria marginalizes Islam; neither does he make effortsto show that secularism is tainted by Christian doctrines, in the mannerdone by Louis Dumont. Instead, he undermines his project by arguing thatChristianity declined in Europe after secularism was enthroned by theReformation and the Renaissance, and that in Sweden attendance in theLutheran Church is only 5 percent. If it is true, as he argues, that the ...

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Manton, John. "“The Lost Province”: Neglect and Governance in Colonial Ogoja." History in Africa 35 (January 2008): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.0.0010.

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The notion that the colonial entity administered as Ogoja Province represented a Nigerian form of “the frontier” persisted right through the period of British rule in Nigeria. In a late colonial geography, Ogoja and eastern Calabar are referred to as the “pioneer fringe.” Marginalized by the economic geography of colonialism, as a result of its relatively low population density, in contrast to much of southeastern Nigeria, and by virtue of its terrain, crossed by unforded rivers and characterized by heavy, clayey soils which restricted wet-season travel, it could still be characterized in the 1940s as a “traceless praierie [sic]” by one of its most seasoned European observers, and as “the Lost Province” in common colonial parlance. Scholarly exploration has done little to address this marginalization, a fact both pivotal in the administration and development of Ogoja Province and restrictive of our attempts to understand and describe these administrative processes. The dynamics of community, trade, and migration in Ogoja, and the systematic misunderstandings to which these dynamics were subject, both constitute historical processes which call for scrutiny, and help shape development and welfare projects undertaken in the later colonial period and in post-independence Nigeria. This study investigates the problematic interaction of ethnography and administration at the colonial margin, and the implications of this both for the historical study of Ogoja and its hinterland and for economic and social development planning in the area.

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Alozie, Bright. "Nigeria and World War II: Colonialism, Empire, and Global Conflict, by Chima J. Korieh." Journal of African Military History 4, no. 1-2 (October 26, 2020): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24680966-00401006.

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Muonwe, Michael. "Women in Igbo traditional religion and politics: prospects for women’s political leadership role in Nigeria." UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 20, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v20i3.1.

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The struggle for political visibility, participation, and leadership of women has been a recurrent issue in all societies, including the most developed democracies. Whereas an appreciable improvement has been recorded in many western countries, Africa still ranks low generally as far as gender inclusivity in political leadership is concerned. Some scholars on Igbo society and culture cling to the popular opinion of blaming this scenario on colonialism. Such scholars usually paint an image of an ideal, precolonial, egalitarian Igbo society where women were more or less accorded more political and leadership space than in the present. In their opinion, reclaiming the past is a sure way to better gender inclusivity in politics. This paper is designed to interrogate critically such images of the past Igbo society. The author approaches the paper with the belief that such romantic view of the past, if not cautiously guided and critically appraised, may well result in nostalgia for a past that never was. The paper aims at hermeneutical-critical reading of women’s visibility and/or invisibility in the pre-colonial Igbo political leadership landscape, with the view of presenting a possible link of the present situation with the past, as well as tracing from this a path for the future of women’s political visibility, participation, and leadership in Nigeria. Keywords: Igbo, women, politics, leadership, colonialism

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OLUKOJU, AYODEJI. "Self-Help Criminality as Resistance?: Currency Counterfeiting in Colonial Nigeria." International Review of Social History 45, no. 3 (December 2000): 385–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000000225.

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This essay examines the counterfeiting and uttering of British Imperial coinage in interwar Nigeria, and the response of the colonial state. In particular, it establishes a connection between criminality and resistance to European colonialism in Africa. In this regard, it contextualizes the preponderant involvement in the counterfeiting saga of the Ijebu, a subgroup of the Yoruba nationality in southwestern Nigeria. Though other considerations were involved, the preponderance of the Ijebu in making what was called “Ijebu money” illustrates how self-help criminality was both a means of accumulation and a veritable form of resistance to colonial rule. Following their military defeat in 1892 and their subsequent alienation from British rule, this criminal activity represented resistance by other means. The point must be stressed, however, that not all Ijebu were counterfeiters, and all counterfeiters were not Ijebu, and that the counterfeiters were no “heroic criminals”, who shared their loot with the poor.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Colonialism; Nigeria'

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