Journal articles on the topic 'Colonial Relationship'
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1
Scott, Cynthia. "Renewing the ‘Special Relationship’ and Rethinking the Return of Cultural Property: The Netherlands and Indonesia, 1949–79." Journal of Contemporary History 52, no. 3 (November 30, 2016): 646–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009416658698.
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This article questions how the return of cultural property from metropolitan centers of former colonial powers to the successor states of former colonies have been considered positive – if rare – examples of post-colonial redress. Highlighting UNESCO-driven publicity about the transfer of materials from the Netherlands to Indonesia, and tracing nearly 30 years of diplomacy between these countries, demonstrates that the return of cultural property depended on the ability of Dutch officials to vindicate the Netherlands’ historical and contemporary cultural roles in the former East Indies. More than anything, returns were influenced by the determination of Dutch officials to find and maintain a secure cultural role in Indonesia in the future. This article also considers how Dutch policies were initially independent from, but later coincided with, the anti-colonial activism that emerged within the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) around the issue of cultural property return to former colonies. Yet, rather than reveal a mediating role for UNESCO, this article re-positions the return debate within a broader framework of shifting post-colonial cultural relations negotiated bilaterally between the Netherlands – as a former colonial power – and the leaders of the newly independent state of Indonesia.
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Seda, Abraham. "Fighting in the Shadow of an Apartheid State: Boxing and Colonialism in Zimbabwe." Kronos 48, no. 1 (September 5, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-9585/2022/v48a3.
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Boxing was arguably the most popular and controversial sport in colonial Zimbabwe. To tame the sport's violence, which was considered too extreme, colonial officials in Zimbabwe sought guidance and advice from South Africa from the mid-1930s on how best to regulate the sport. South Africa occupied a unique position in this regard, not only because of the relationship it had with colonial Zimbabwe as a neighbouring white settler colony, but also because of how sections of its white settler community responded to the triumphs of Black boxers over white opponents around the world. The colony of South Africa played a significant role in shaping the control of boxing in colonial Zimbabwe. The relationship between the two colonies culminated in the passage of the Boxing and Wrestling Control Act of 1956 in colonial Zimbabwe, an identical version to a similarly named law that South Africa had passed just two years prior.
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BENNINGTON, ALICE. "(RE)WRITING EMPIRE? THE RECEPTION OF POST-COLONIAL STUDIES IN FRANCE." Historical Journal 59, no. 4 (July 25, 2016): 1157–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x16000054.
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ABSTRACTThis article explores the fierce resistance and controversy that have marked the reception of post-colonial studies in France. In contrast to the anglophone academy, where post-colonialism emerged and was gradually institutionalized throughout the 1980s and 1990s, in France these approaches did not make a mark until much later. The context of social and political crisis over France's post-colonial populations, in which the debate surrounding post-colonial studies emerged, is fundamental to understanding the high stakes and thus the vehemence and polemical nature of their reception. Institutional factors and the particularities of the French intellectual climate, France's strong Republican ideology, and its problematic relationship with its own colonial history, are all explored as reasons for this troubled relationship. The anglocentrism of post-colonial studies is also considered, as are the mutually beneficial outcomes of a dialogue between post-colonial studies and the French debates and context. I outline a specifically ‘French’ post-colonialism that has emerged from these debates, and suggest that whilst positive moves have been made towards a truly inclusive post-colonial studies that would take account of numerous languages, former empires, and former colonies, there remains work to be done in this direction.
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Harris, J. Wolfe. "Domestic Imperialism." Stance: An International Undergraduate Philosophy Journal 12 (2019): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/stance2019126.
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Frantz Fanon’s works have been invaluable in the analysis of colonies and the colonized subject’s mentality therein, but an analysis of the colonial power itself has been largely left to the wayside. The aim of this paper is to explicate a key element of Fanon’s theoretical framework, the metropolis/periphery dichotomy, then, using the writings of Huey P. Newton and Stokely Carmichael, among others, show its reversal within the colonial power. I will analyze this reversal in three ways: first, the reversal of the relationship between, and the roles of, the metropolis and periphery; second, the role of police and the differences between the colonial police and the police within the colonial power; and third, the modified role of prisons within the colonial power.
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Harris, J. Wolfe. "Domestic Imperialism." Stance: an international undergraduate philosophy journal 12, no. 1 (September 25, 2019): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/s.12.1.64-73.
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Frantz Fanon’s works have been invaluable in the analysis of colonies and the colonized subject’s mentality therein, but an analysis of the colonial power itself has been largely left to the wayside. The aim of this paper is to explicate a key element of Fanon’s theoretical framework, the metropolis/periphery dichotomy, then, using the writings of Huey P. Newton and Stokely Carmichael, among others, show its reversal within the colonial power. I will analyze this reversal in three ways: first, the reversal of the relationship between, and the roles of, the metropolis and periphery; second, the role of police and the differences between the colonial police and the police within the colonial power; and third, the modified role of prisons within the colonial power.
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Prakash, Om. "European Expansion and Asian Economic Development Since 1850: India, Indonesia and Japan." Itinerario 12, no. 2 (July 1988): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300004733.
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The nature of the relationship between the metropolitan world and the colonies and of its impact on the economic development of each of the two sides has been the subject of intense debate and controversy over a very long period of time. As far as the role of the colonial relationship in the development of the West is concerned, an important viewpoint has been that it would be wrong to assign a significant role to this factor in explaining European industrialization. In some recent economic literature on ‘Modern Imperialism’ it has been argued that neither in the field of capital formation in the metropolitan countries, nor in that of finding a market for the foods manufactured there, can an important role be assigned to the colonial factor. Only in highly specific cases such as textile manufacturing in Britain during the nineteenth century could the export market in the colonial world have been of some significance.
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Mirzekhanov, Velikhan. "Civilisation and the Excluded: Ideas and Practices of Differentiation in the Colonies during the Interbellum." ISTORIYA 13, no. 9 (119) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840022994-2.
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In this article the author analyses the complex nature of the relationship between Europeans and local populations in the colonies. The colonisation process implied an 'alliance' of political dominance and cultural hegemony. Colonisation was an exercise of power structured by distinctions. Although the Great War undermined the white man's civilising image, it by no means destroyed his civilising impulse. After 1918, all colonial powers gradually shifted to a “developmental” style and humanitarian rhetoric of colonial rule more in keeping with the spirit of the times. However, ideas and practices of differentiation, exclusion, segregation and everyday racism towards the indigenous population of the colonies continued to be normative. Opposition between Europeans and local populations thus remained characteristic of most colonial communities. The smooth operation of the system was conditioned by a clearly delineated divide between the coloniser and the colonised. Ideas of superiority and racial doctrines continued to shape the colonial situation in the 1920s and 1930s. Segregation and exclusion from political and social life of local elites and populations divided European colonial societies, at the heart of which was the indigenous type. It modestly participated in shaping their own destiny under the leadership of the colonisers, being one of the main elements of differentiation and exclusion in the colonies between the two world wars. Despite the active rapprochement and diversity of communicative practices between the 'men of empire' and the local non-European population in the colonies, there remained a clear caesura of the differences between them.
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Thomas, Cyril, Pascal Charroin, and Bastien Soule. "Les relations franco-kényanes dans les courses de fond : Un processus postcolonial singulier (1960–2019)." STADION 44, no. 1 (2020): 204–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0172-4029-2020-1-204.
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At the Mexico City Olympics, Kenya won eight medals in athletics. This performance enabled this State, whose independence dated back just four years, to display its identity to the eyes of the world. Kenyan athletics, mainly in middle- and long-distance events, continued to assert itself until it dominated the medal ranking in the 2015 World Championships. However, even if it is a vehicle for emancipation and identity-building, Kenyan athletics is also dependent on external influences. Therefore, even though France and Kenya never had colonial links, they have built interdependent relationships in athletics during the post-colonial era. The purpose of this study is to understand the particular postcolonial process around which these relationships were built, in the absence of colonial ties. We have chosen to conduct this study based on the investigation of minutes of the French Athletics Federation (FFA) committees and the journal L’Athlétisme, the official FFA review. We conducted semi-structured interviews with Kenyan and French athletics actors (athletes, managers, race organizers, and federal officials). These data reveal a continuing domination of Kenya, by France, in athletics. This relationship of domination marks a survival of the colonial order. However, Kenyan athletes’ domination, especially in marathons, contributes to the vulnerability of French performances. The singularity of the postcolonial process studied lies as much in the absence of colonial ties between France and Kenya as in the transformation of a relationship of domination specific to the colonial period.
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Gibbings, Sheri Lynn, and Fridus Steijlen. "Colonial Figures: Memories of Street Traders in the Colonial and Early Post-colonial Periods." Public History Review 19 (December 29, 2012): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v19i0.2870.
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This article explores post-colonial memories about street traders among individuals who lived in the former colony of the Dutch East Indies. It argues that these narratives romanticize the relationship between Europeans and indigenous peoples. Street vendors are also used to differentiate between periods within colonial and post-colonial history. The nostalgic representation of interracial contact between Europeans and traders is contrasted with representations of other figures such as the Japanese and the nationalist. A recurring feature of these representations is the ability of Europeans to speak with street traders and imagine what they wanted and needed. The traders are remembered as a social type that transgressed politics and represented the neutrality of the economic sphere as a place for shared communication. The article concludes that the figure of the street vendor contributes to the nostalgic reinvention of the colony but is also used in narratives to differentiate between and mark changes across the colonial and post-colonial periods.
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Schneider, Annedith. "In the Father’s House: Language and Violence in the Work of Assia Djebar and Leïla Sebbar." Kadın/Woman 2000, Journal for Women's Studies 19, no. 2 (October 10, 2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33831/jws.v19i2.274.
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This essay examines autobiographical writing by two women who grew up in colonial Algeria; it considers how the relationship between fathers and daughters is marked by linguistic conflict. For each of these writers, language is not a simple tool, but instead a problematic inheritance that shapes her world and her relationship with her father. Assia Djebar and Leila Sebbar, who were children in colonial Algeria of the late 1940s and early 1950s, examine their relationships to Arabic and French in terms of their relationships with their families and in particular with their schoolteacher fathers. The fathers, who benefitted from French colonial education, fail to understand the different risks inherent for their daughters in transgressing conservative community and linguistic boundaries. Each writer, even as she acknowledges the benefits of the colonizer’s language, also describes the language as a scene of violent trauma for which she holds her father responsible. With language and paternal love so tightly entwined, this essay argues that even in highly politicized colonial contexts, the national value of a language can only be understood if the familial and personal value of the language is also taken into account.
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Mukharji, Projit Bihari. "Parachemistries: Colonial chemopolitics in a zone of contest." History of Science 54, no. 4 (December 2016): 362–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275316681803.
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The globalization of modern chemistry through European colonialism resulted, by the end of the nineteenth century, in the emergence of a number of parachemical knowledges. Parachemistries were bodies of non-European knowledge which came to be related to modern chemistry within particular historical milieux. Their relationship with modern chemistry was not necessarily epistemic and structural, but historical and performative. Actual historically located intellectuals posited their relationship. Such relationships were not merely abstract intellectual exercises; at a time when the practical uses of modern chemistry in statecraft were growing, the existence of these rival, competing parachemical knowledges challenged modern chemistry’s regulatory deployments. Colonial locations emerged then not as mere ‘contact zones’, but as ‘zones of conflict’ where colonial chemopolitics was interrupted by the continued legitimacy and practice of parachemistries such as rasayana, kimiya, and neidan.
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Dicum, Gregory. "Colony in a Cup." Gastronomica 3, no. 2 (2003): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2003.3.2.71.
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Originating in East Africa, coffee was one of the first internationally traded commodities. An Arab monopoly on the bean was broken by the development of tropical European colonies. Coffee was the ideal colonial crop, but its cultivation relied upon widespread slavery and abusive economic relationships between regions. Many of these institutionalized inequities remain embedded in post-colonial coffee trading patterns. Rich coffee-consuming nations and the multinational trading and roasting companies that service their demand enjoy neocolonial dominance of growers around the world, many of whom are small landowners and family farmers in poor countries. At the same time, developed-world governmental interest in producing countries has waned, leaving multinationals free to pursue their own policies in large parts of the world. At present, there is a worldwide slump in coffee prices that is devastating economies throughout the developing world without translating into meaningfully lower prices for coffee consumers. One of the few programs to step into this political void is Fair Trade. By reconfiguring the trading relationship between coffee producers and consumers to emphasize a more direct relationship, Fair Trade appropriates globalized trading networks for the benefit of both coffee growers and coffee drinkers.
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Grubb, Farley. "Colonial American Paper Money and the Quantity Theory of Money: An Extension." Social Science History 43, no. 1 (November 23, 2018): 185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2018.30.
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The quantity theory of money is applied to the paper money regimes of seven of the nine British North American colonies south of New England. Individual colonies, and regional groupings of contiguous colonies treated as one monetary unit, are tested. Little to no statistical relationship, and little to no magnitude of influence, between the quantities of paper money in circulation and prices are found. The quantity theory of money does not explain the value and performance of colonial paper monies well. This is a general and widespread result, and not a rare and isolated phenomenon.
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HATCHER, BRIAN A. "Imitation, Then and Now: On the emergence of philanthropy in early colonial Calcutta." Modern Asian Studies 52, no. 1 (January 2018): 62–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000324.
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AbstractThe goal of this article is to provide conceptual and historical orientation useful for thinking about the emergence of philanthropy in modern South Asia. Conceptually, the article suggests the need to approach the expression of philanthropy in early colonial Bengal in terms of processes of imitation. To do so, we must overcome the stigma attached to the idea of imitation within both nationalist and post-colonial thought. In the particular context of early colonial Calcutta, local actors entered into intimate relationships with Europeans and these relationships provided occasions to borrow, translate, and retool a range of ideas and practices relevant to new modes of public charity. The importance of attending to historical context is suggested by reading such early colonial developments against the grain of late nineteenth-century perspectives—a time when Bengalis grew anxious about cultural imitation. Rather than deferring to these late-colonial anxieties over imitation, we need to situate them within a critically informed historical framework. To do this, the present article draws on the writings of the Brāhmo intellectual Rajnarain Bose, who pondered the relationship between an earlier colonial moment (‘then’) and his own late-colonial ‘now’. Close reading of Bose allows us to plumb the nature of late-colonial anxiety about cultural borrowing while opening up a new perspective on imitation and intimacy in early colonial Bengal that is not predicated on the teleology of the late-colonial modern.
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Motlalekgosi, Hendrick Puleng. "The inheritance of colonial penological practices in the postcolonial and apartheid periods: A histography of South Africa." Technium Social Sciences Journal 27 (January 8, 2022): 727–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v27i1.5323.
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Colonialism has had an influence on many sectors across the board in South Africa including the prison system among others. Its impact could be seen in the way prisoners were treated during the post-colonial era and apartheid era. This paper seeks to demonstrate the relationship between the colonial, post-colonial and apartheid penological practices by examining the treatment of prisoners during the said periods. Examination of this relationship may be useful in understanding what really informed the promulgation of racist policies during the post-colonial period and apartheid period. This paper contends that the legislation that was promulgated during the post-colonial and apartheid periods, which were legislative instruments on how prisoners were treated, were in fact a formalization and continuation of what had already being practiced during the colonial era. The following themes are central to this discourse: The colonial period between the 1840s and 1909; The post-colonial period between 1910 and 1948 and; The National Party era (apartheid era): 1948 – 1993.
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Behnam, Biook, Farhad Azimi, and Alireza Baghban Kanani. "Slave-master Relationship and Post-colonial Translation and Teaching." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 8, no. 3 (May 2, 2017): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0803.15.
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Two hundred years after Hegel, his Master-Slave Dialectic theory is still one of the most controversial philosophical theories. Some believe that such a relationship does no longer exist, nor is it acceptable in the face of abolishment of slavery in the world. In this study, it has been tried to form an understanding of the Hegelian Master-Slave Dialectic and bring into light the presence of the Master-Slave relationship in our modern day world. As Crossley (1996) points out, the power relation in Hegelian dialectic philosophy is ever-present in a more subtle manner in the Post-colonial era; one which utilizes an intersubjective relationship, sustaining the other as a subject of action rather than attempting to negate them (p. 147). To establish this kind of power relation, the west has been employing language, literature and translation in a much more effective way than military might to assert her control and dominance, and move the wheels of colonization and an asymmetrical power relation forward.
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Cundell, D. R., J. N. Weiser, J. Shen, A. Young, and E. I. Tuomanen. "Relationship between colonial morphology and adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae." Infection and immunity 63, no. 3 (1995): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.63.3.757-761.1995.
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Chapuis, C., L. Rosso, and J. P. Flandrois. "Relationship between colonial surface and density on agar plate." Journal of Applied Bacteriology 79, no. 5 (November 1995): 542–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb03175.x.
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Li, Juan. "Colonial Relationship and Cultural Reflection: George Orwell̛s Early Works based on His Experience in Colonial Country." Center for Asia and Diaspora 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 164–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15519/dcc.2016.06.6.2.164.
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FLAVELL, JULIE M. "THE ‘SCHOOL FOR MODESTY AND HUMILITY’: COLONIAL AMERICAN YOUTH IN LONDON AND THEIR PARENTS, 1755–1775." Historical Journal 42, no. 2 (June 1999): 377–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x99008481.
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Despite the growing conflict between Britain and her colonies, a metropolitan education remained a popular choice for the sons of elite colonial Americans in the late colonial period. This article explores the attitudes of the youths themselves, and of their parents, towards their London education during a period when political conflict was engendering a growing sense of separateness. American youths typically underwent a status crisis upon reaching the metropolis. Their insecurities related to the usual pitfalls of genteel London life: the prospect of social isolation and vulgarity, and the opportunities for debauchery. The parents of these colonial youths, however, shared the view of elite British parents of the period that a public education was a necessary social apprenticeship for their children. They regarded personal experience of the metropolis, and familiarity with its social and political systems, as important attributes for elite colonists. Parental views on the advantages of a metropolitan education for their sons were unaffected by the imminent breach with Britain. The status crisis experienced by colonial youths in London was age-related; their visiting parents were acculturated to the metropolitan environment. The article concludes by suggesting that the polarized provincial mentality so long attributed by historians to the colonial presence in London should be replaced by a more integrationist model which reflects the real complexity of the relationship between colonial American elites and their mother country.
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Kapai, Yuimirin. "Spatial Organisation of Northeast India: Colonial Politics, Power Structure and Hills–Plains Relationship." Indian Historical Review 47, no. 1 (June 2020): 150–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983620925591.
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The article examines the ideological framework and the principal concerns and interests that underline the colonial policy towards the hill ‘tribes’ of Northeast India. It elaborates on an argument that the colonial spatial ordering of the region privileges the valleys over the hills. The colonial rule establishes and maintains the structural imbalance of the region by making the plains the centres and by relegating the hills to the peripheral ‘others’, thereby perpetuating the power configuration implicit in the spatial organisation. Emphasis on paternalistic reasoning of the British policy towards the hills has clouded the stamp of indifference and insensitivity that underlay the policies. The policy also ‘excluded’ the hill peoples from access to education, engagement in modern economy, and development of infrastructures. The practice of reading the history of the British policy towards the hills appears to be essentially concerned with the elucidation of the hill peoples’ separatist attitude. By reading the history through the lens of categories such as centre-periphery, power relations and uneven development, the article contends that the colonial policy of segregation charts a historical trajectory, which is at variance with what the hegemonic discourse has established.
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Ogaili, Thamer Amer Jubouri Al, and Ruzbeh Babaee. "Ambivalent colonal relations in octavia butler’s wild seed." International Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3458.
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<p>This article explores postcolonial powers of ambivalence in Octavia Butler’s <em>Wild Seed</em> (1980). It will offer an in-depth analysis of the thematic and ideological characteristics of selected work. We will mainly focus on the theme of the mutual relationship between the colonized and the colonizer in the novel. This relationship is specified to the concept of ambivalence that incarnates the dual, yet, uncontrolled relationship between the colonized and the colonizer. Nevertheless, the colonized considers the colonizer as oppressive but an envious power; and the colonizer judges the colonized as inferior but indigenous. The colonial relationship will also be revealed by using the concept of self-other. Such concept scrutinizes the way the colonized and the colonizer perceive and resist each other. Thus, the study’s main focus point is the power relationship developed in the light of colonial ambivalence and self-other continuum. The colonial characteristics of this study offer a new interpretation of the colonial relationship depicted in the novel. Accordingly, the ambivalent relationship between the colonized and the colonizer will be equal (i.e. both of them have positive and negative attributes). This interpretation paves the way for other discourse studies interested in the depiction of the colonized and the colonizer relationship in postcolonial literature in general, and in Butler’s fiction in particular.</p>
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AU, Chung-to. "Contesting Space in Semi-colonial Shanghai: The Relationship between Shanghai’s Modernist Poetry and the City." Asian Studies 1, no. 2 (November 29, 2013): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2013.1.2.107-123.
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The introduction of urban study and colonial/postcolonial theories to modernist research in the 1980s has helped us to have another look at the nature of cities. Although a lot of studies have been conducted on Shanghai’s modernist poetry, the notion of a colonial or semi-colonial city, in Shanghai’s case, is seldom addressed. This article will focus on the disparity between the built environment and the literary space created in Shanghai’s modernist poetry. This study discusses whether Shanghai’s modernist poetry is a literary product or a product of its environment by examining the poems of Chen Jingrong, Tang Shi, Hang Yuehe and Tang Qi.
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Antrop-González, René. "Voices of Puerto Rican Pride and Cultural Affirmation in a Chicagoalternative High School." Practicing Anthropology 24, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.24.3.p814607644712517.
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The year 1998 marked the 100th anniversary of the colonial relationship between Puerto Rico and the United States. As in the case of most colonial relationships, a tool that has often been utilized in the colonizer's quest to delegitimize their subjects' culture and language has been the school. Of course, these schools' hidden curricula and their insidious contributions towards the attempted cultural and linguistic genocide of the Puerto Rican people have not been met without resistance on behalf of teachers, students, religious, and community leaders (Solís 1994).
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Weterings, Tom. "Should We Stay or Should We Go?" Journal of Early American History 4, no. 2 (July 9, 2014): 130–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00402004.
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The colonial map of the Americas during the seventeenth century was ever-changing. Near-constant warfare meant that colonies could change hands several times in a matter of decades, and that European settlers could at any time find themselves under “new management”. A takeover posed a potential threat to the colonists’ way of life, but the newcomers could be faced with a potentially hostile population as well. Differences in religion, language, political practice, as well as the question of loyalty could all pose serious obstacles for a good relationship between the new rulers and the old colonial population. This article addresses this issue from the perspective of the settlers. Taking the colony of Suriname as the main case, and by comparing it to other colonies such as Brazil and New Netherland, I conclude that most settlers were content to stay, with exceptions due to pressures by governments or incompatible religious differences.
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Ferreira, Verónica. "The construction of a web narrative about the Portuguese colonial war: a critical perspective on Wikipedia." Culture & History Digital Journal 11, no. 1 (June 21, 2022): e010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2022.010.
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As part of recent research into the Portuguese colonial war in the sphere of memory studies, this article seeks to fill a gap in the underexplored field of digital memories. It aims, firstly, to explore the processes through which discourses about the Portuguese colonial war are produced in the Portuguese version of Wikipedia, looking at its dynamics and mechanisms of construction, including formal and informal rules; and secondly, to analyse that discourse using theoretical and methodological considerations from critical discourse analysis (CDA), complemented with concepts of absence and silence, which enable a reflection on the relationship between power, knowledge and memory. The article also explores the limits of Wikipedia as regards the formation of collaborative narratives about the past, arguing that they are marked by the reproduction of Eurocentric narratives which circulate in political, educational and media discourses, and also by the memories of more conservative sectors of Portuguese society, such as war veterans and former settlers returning from the colonies (the so-called retornados). These narratives mask the colonial violence and resistance to it that preceded the colonial war and depoliticize the struggle of the national liberation movements.
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Pedri-Spade, Celeste. "“But they were never only the master’s tools”: the use of photography in de-colonial praxis." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 13, no. 2 (March 27, 2017): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180117700796.
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The majority of anthropological literature around photography of Indigenous peoples has privileged the actions, agency, and intent of the Western photographer. While one cannot ignore the significant colonizing influences that photographs have had on Indigenous peoples, one cannot presume that these individuals were solely the silenced subject or victim in a one-sided, inferior relationship with the camera and its operator. Recent scholarship is now re-examining the relationship Indigenous peoples have had with photography as a culturally productive technology since its development. In this article, I will address the role of photography in a global context as an object and a method of decolonization in two ways: (a) through archived collections of colonial photography and (b) in the production of contemporary photographs by peoples who experience contemporary colonialism. In both of these contexts, I will explore how various populations or communities with a colonial history use photography to confront ongoing legacies of colonialism, particularly in agendas aimed at repairing and reconfiguring relationships with self, family and kin, colonizer, community, and the natural world. Drawing on examples from several countries and locales, I will address the potentials and challenges of reframing Indigenous peoples’ experience of, and relationship with, photography within the context of de-colonial praxis.
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Skinner, Andrew S. "Adam Smith : The Demise of the Colonial Relationship with America." Cahiers d'économie politique 27, no. 1 (1996): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/cep.1996.1198.
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Kirk‐Greene, Anthony. "Forging a relationship with the colonial administrative service, 1921–1939." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 19, no. 3 (October 1991): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086539108582846.
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JOHNSON, JENNIFER. "New Directions in the History of Medicine in European, Colonial and Transimperial Contexts." Contemporary European History 25, no. 2 (April 12, 2016): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777316000138.
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In the late 1970s scholars of Europe and its colonies began probing the relationship between medicine and empire. In the decades since, following the cue of Steven Feierman, John Janzen, Megan Vaughan and Randall Packard, the literature has demonstrated that colonial medicine constructed an African ‘other’ and greatly contributed to harmful practices that did not improve the overall health and welfare of the local populations European administrations claimed to be civilising. Through the 1990s, scholarship concentrated primarily on local agency and socio-economic and political factors that furthered our understanding of how medicine and health care operated in a colonial context. These foundational studies have enabled the most recent wave of research in the history of medicine to turn its attention to questions of public health, especially as it relates to the politics of development, nationalism, and decolonisation. Historians, including Sunil Amrith and Clifford Rosenberg, have emphasised the significant role medicine has played in projecting state power in European colonies and have shown how international organisations became prominent agents in shaping national and global health policies. However, their important work has left unanswered questions about the intellectual networks that formed the elite scientific and medical minds of the day and the legacies of health policies under colonial rule.
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MOORMAN, MARISSA J. "GUERRILLA BROADCASTERS AND THE UNNERVED COLONIAL STATE IN ANGOLA (1961–74)." Journal of African History 59, no. 2 (July 2018): 241–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853718000452.
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AbstractThis article explores the relationship between Angolan guerrilla broadcasts and their effects on the Portuguese counterinsurgency project in their war to hold on to their African colonies. The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA'sAngola Combatente) and National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA'sVoz de Angola Livre) broadcasts allowed these movements to maintain a sonic presence in the Angolan territory from exile and to engage in a war of the airwaves with the Portuguese colonial state with whom they were fighting a ground war. First and foremost, it analyzes the effects of these rebel broadcasts on listeners, be they state or non-state actors. A reading of the archives of the state secret police and military exposes the nervousness and weakness of the colonial state even as it was winning the war.
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Kosansky, Oren. "When Jews Speak Arabic: Dialectology and Difference in Colonial Morocco." Comparative Studies in Society and History 58, no. 1 (January 2016): 5–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417515000559.
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AbstractThis article explores how Judeo-Arabic and its speaking population were constituted as objects of research and reformation in colonial Morocco. I argue that the colonial project of dialectology, which emphasized the differentiated linguistic terrain of indigenous society, operated at two opposing levels. On one hand, the study of Judeo-Arabic contributed to the idea of homogeneous orality attributed to native languages, which despite their diverse relationships with literate textuality were made to appear divorced from locally established systems of writing. On the other, the historical and affective relationship between Jews and their Arabic dialect was figured in terms that stressed Jewish alienation from their mother tongue and thereby cast native Jews as differentiated objects of francophone linguistic reform. I pay particular attention to the material mechanics of ethnographic methodology, orthographic entextualization, and editorial arrangement through which colonial dialectologists rendered the Jewish dialect as an essentially oral and Arabic dialect, despite the countervailing circulation of Judeo-Arabic texts written in the Hebrew script. This investigation contributes to our understanding of how dialectology operated as a colonial science through which the hierarchical social categories of colonial rule were established, sustained, and manipulated against the backdrop of linguistic practices that never fully conformed to their colonial representation.
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Narayan, Uma. "Colonialism and Its Others: Considerations On Rights and Care Discourses." Hypatia 10, no. 2 (1995): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1995.tb01375.x.
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I point to a colonial care discourse that enabled colonizers to define themselves in relationship to “inferior” colonized subjects. The colonized, however, had very different accounts of this relationship. While contemporary care discourse correctly insists on acknowledging human needs and relationships, it needs to worry about who defines these often contested terms. I conclude that improvements along dimensions of care and of justice often provide “enabling conditions” for each other.
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Smith, Evan. "National Liberation for Whom? The Postcolonial Question, the Communist Party of Great Britain, and the Party’s African and Caribbean Membership." International Review of Social History 61, no. 2 (July 29, 2016): 283–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859016000249.
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AbstractThe Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) had a long tradition of anti-colonial activism since its foundation in 1920 and had been a champion of national liberation within the British Empire. However, the Party also adhered to the idea that Britain’s former colonies, once independent, would want to join a trade relationship with their former coloniser, believing that Britain required these forms of relationship to maintain supplies of food and raw materials. This position was maintained into the 1950s until challenged in 1956–1957 by the Party’s African and Caribbean membership, seizing the opportunity presented by the fallout of the political crises facing the CPGB in 1956. I argue in this article that this challenge was an important turning point for the Communist Party’s view on issues of imperialism and race, and also led to a burst of anti-colonial and anti-racist activism. But this victory by its African and Caribbean members was short-lived, as the political landscape and agenda of the CPGB shifted in the late 1960s.
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del Moral, Solsiree. "Colonial Citizens of a Modern Empire: War, Illiteracy, and Physical Education in Puerto Rico, 1917-1930." New West Indian Guide 87, no. 1-2 (2013): 30–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-12340003.
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Abstract The year 1917 marked a critical moment in the relationship between the United States and its Puerto Rican colony. It was the year the U.S. Congress approved the Jones Act, which further consolidated the island’s colonial relationship to the empire. Through the Jones Act, U.S. Congressmen granted Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship. In turn, Puerto Rican men were asked to fulfill the obligations of their new colonial citizenship and join the U.S. military. The Porto Rican Regiment provided 18,000 colonial military recruits to guard the Panama Canal during the war. How did historical actors make sense of this new colonial citizenship? How did they interpret, debate, and adapt to the newly consolidated colonial status? This essay examines how local teachers and educators defined colonial citizenship. Puerto Rican teachers struggled to promote a citizenship-building project that cultivated student commitment to the patria (the island), while acknowledging the colonial relationship to the United States. In the late 1910s and throughout the 1920s, teachers debated military participation in World War I and the rights and obligations of U.S. citizenship. At the core, these debates were informed by anxieties over broader changes in constructions of gender. In the 1920s, Puerto Rico women aggressively and persistently challenged traditional gender norms. Working-class women joined the labor force in ever larger numbers and led labor strikes. Bourgeois women became teachers, nurses, and social workers. Both groups were committed suffragists. The historiography on citizenship and gender in the 1920s has focused on women’s emerging role in public spaces and their demands for just labor rights and the franchise. In this article, I propose we look at teachers, as intermediate actors in the colonial hierarchy, and examine their anxieties over changing gender norms. They debated men’s capacity to serve in the U.S. military and promoted modern physical education for the regeneration of boys and girls in the service of their patria. Debates among teachers in the 1920s sought to define the new category of colonial citizenship. As they did so, they helped liberalize some gender norms, while ultimately reinforcing patriarchy.
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Toaldo, Mattia. "The Italo-Libyan Relationship between 1969 and 1976." Libyan Studies 44 (2013): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900009675.
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AbstractBased on the papers of former Italian statesman Aldo Moro and on several secondary sources, this article investigates the Italo-Libyan relationship between the rise to power of Qadhafi in 1969 and the mid-1970s. Qadhafi initially pursued a policy of confrontation with the former colonial power: he expelled the remaining Italian citizens in Libya, asked for post-colonial compensations and a revision of the 1956 treaty.Gradually, however, a new relationship developed: Italy badly needed Libyan oil, especially in view of the closing of the Suez Canal because of the Arab-Israeli wars, while Qadhafi needed to secure a fixed amount of oil revenues in order to build up domestic and international support for his revolution. Italian companies were also granted public works which were meant to improve Libyan infrastructure while Libyan oil profits could be invested in Italian stocks. Finally, Italy would provide Qadhafi with weapons and support for his regime, as the revelations about the ‘Hilton Assignment’ demonstrate. The author argues that this relationship gave both actors a wide freedom of manoeuvre within the context of the Cold War.
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Baggesgaard, Mads Anders. "Precarious Worlds." Journal of World Literature 1, no. 4 (2016): 466–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00104009.
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The role played by Denmark in the triangular slave trade and colonial chattel slavery is rarely part of the tale told about Danish literature. This article investigates the reflections of this history in Denmark and discusses how this particular colonial history and its relationship to literature can be understood on the basis of readings of three texts from Denmark and its former colony St. Thomas. The central thesis is that exactly because of the peripheral and precarious nature of the Danish colonial endeavour in relation to larger colonial systems, it may actually be possible to reflect on sides of the colonial history that is often left out of sight.
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Ilyin, Vladislav. "The Man and His Cow: the Problem of Settlement of Fulbe-Mbororo People in the Central African Republic." ISTORIYA 13, no. 3 (113) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840020687-4.
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The article is devoted to the problem of the settlement of the Fulbe-Mbororo people on the territory of the modern Central African Republic. For the first time in Russian historiography, an attempt is made to reconstruct the ethnic history of the Fulbe-Mbororo living in the territory of the Central African Republic in the colonial era. Particular attention is paid to the relationship of the Fulbe with the colonial administration. The article analyzes the relationship between the settlement of the fulbe in the territory of the modern Central African Republic and the spread of the zebu population in the country. The French colonial administration considered the development of animal husbandry as a potential for the economic development of the country. The author proves that with proper administrative regulation in the colonial era, it was possible to avoid conflict between Fulani nomads and settled farmers.
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Moberg, Mark. "Crown Colony as Banana Republic: The United Fruit Company in British Honduras, 1900–1920." Journal of Latin American Studies 28, no. 2 (May 1996): 357–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00013043.
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AbstractIn much historiography of the colonial Caribbean, British administrators are portrayed as mediators between domestic elites, foreign capital, and the working class. Such scholarship converges with popular belief in Belize, whose institutions are seen as a legacy of ‘impartial’ British rule. This article examines the relationship between the United Fruit Company and the colonial government of British Honduras. Contrary to claims of administrative impartiality, colonial officials facilitated the company's monopoly over the banana industry and acted as company advocates before the Colonial Office, actions that ultimately undermined the colony's independent banana producers.
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Hadiyanto. "Kolonialisasi Inggris dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Masyarakat Tradisional Afrika dalam Novel Things Fall Apart Karya Chinua Achebe." Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya 2, no. 2 (August 11, 2012): 153–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/lensa.2.2.2012.153-185.
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This paper discusses England colonization and its impacts on African tribal culture in African Anglophone novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe. The approach used in this research is post-colonial approach by using post-colonial theory to analyze phenomena as well as implication of the colonizer and the colonized relationship. The result of this research indicates that the coming of England colonialists in African Ibo tribe community with their colonization and cultural imperialism is implemented with varied strategies. Those strategies are proven effectively in strengthening England's colonial hegemony in Africa. The England colonialists' imperialism results in horizontal conflict and cultural-social disintegration in African native society; between the pro-colonial and the anti-colonial. Anti-colonial resistence is shown by most African native society to fight against colonial government arrogance and to resist England imperialism in Africa.
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Areguy, Fitsum. "Exploring the Boundaries of Critical Pedagogy." New Sociology: Journal of Critical Praxis 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2563-3694.29.
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This visual essay attempts to evoke an aesthetic and affectual entry into the social-spatial terrains I navigate as a Black man and graduate student in Southwestern Ontario. I arrange the relationship between photographs of a factory in my hometown and short reflections into three scenes: The first scene touches on the racial and colonial violence that lingers and manifests in academia, as illustrated through my personal experiences. The essay moves to a second scene, touching on the settler-colonial legacy of the factory, as well as reckons with the anti-colonial implications of photographing the demolition and the troubling of subject-object relationships. The last scene emphasizes that, despite pedagogical efforts, the residue of racial and colonial violence in academic settings will still have some degree of impact on racialized students. Critical pedagogues must contend with the reality that racialized students, by virtue of being and existing in academic spaces, embody a pedagogy that could potentially disrupt and deconstruct learning environments into transformative, radical, respectful and caring spaces.
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Zed, Mestika. "WARISAN PENJAJAHAN BELANDA DI INDONESIA PASCA-KOLONIAL (PERSPEKTIF PERUBAHAN DAN KESINAMBUNGAN)." Diakronika 17, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/diakronika/vol17-iss1/18.
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This paper is a preliminary exploration of the Netherlands colonial heritage in contemporary Indonesia (post-colonial). In this case there are three major issues that would like to set out one by one. First, about the degree of influence of colonization of the Netherlands in the Netherlands and Indonesia's relationship in the past. Second, about the impact of political and economic policies of the Netherlands colonial against the structure of the demographics of Indonesia. Third, an afterthought (reflection) about the importance of re-reading the historical experience of Netherlands colonial rule in the past and the legacy left behind, including the corpus of documents about the history of Indonesia and Netherlands’ relationship for research and learning history for the generation in the future. These three fundamental subjects will be viewed in the perspective of change and continuity. Finally, a cover blurb will spin back the important points set out in this paper.
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Gandee, Sarah, and William Gould. "Introduction: Margins and the State—Caste, ‘Tribe’ and Criminality in South Asia." Studies in History 36, no. 1 (February 2020): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0257643020907318.
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This introduction outlines some of the key historiographical debates concerning caste, ‘tribe’ and criminality, and their relationship to the modern state, in South Asia. Although these social categories have long, complex and often inter-related histories rooted in indigenous and precolonial ideas and institutions, they emerged most forcefully as categories of governance in the legal-political system of the colonial and postcolonial states. These categories remained highly unstable, however. There was a clear disjuncture between forms of ‘colonial’ knowledge which structured legal categorization and everyday negotiations and contestations of the same. Using the example of India’s so-called ‘criminal tribes’ - the 200 or so communities declared as criminals ‘by birth’ under the Criminal Tribes Act (1871) during the colonial regime - we consider broader debates over the governing of ‘colonial’ categories, and subaltern agency and resistance in their making, as a way of interrogating the complex relationship between the ‘margins’ and the state.
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Hoppe, Kirk Arden. "Lords of the fly: colonial visions and revisions of African sleeping-sickness environments on Ugandan Lake Victoria, 1906–61." Africa 67, no. 1 (January 1997): 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161271.
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Sleeping-sickness control in southern Uganda created ideological openings for the articulation of colonial visions of African environments. Competing colonial agendas, Ugandans' positions in their own environments, and Ugandans' resistance and responses to colonial schemes determined how such visions played themselves out in practice. The emerging power of colonial science played an important role in colonial attempts at constructing nature and defining Africans' relationship with their environments through disease control. The combination of forced depopulations, strategic clearings, and planned resettlement in British sleeping-sickness control schemes in southern Uganda set in motion a cycle of long-term land alienation from 1906 to 1962 that reflected the particular relations between British science, environmental intervention, and colonisation.
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Murray, Karen Bridget. "Epigenetics and Politics in the Colonial Present." Canadian Journal of Sociology 43, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 349–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs20146.
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This article draws attention to the importance of including the colonial present in critical inquiries into the relationship between epigenetics and politics. Focusing on British Columbia (Canada) at the dawn of the twenty-first century, the assessment illustrates how an epigenetic style of thought rendered tangible the “vulnerable Aboriginal child” as a category amenable to settler-colonial governmental interventions. More specifically, the article demonstrates how prominent elements of this classification interconnected with a mediating device undergirded by epigenetic reason, the Early Development Instrument. Eugenic sensibilities produced through epigenetic logics wove through this relationship. In turn, linkages between the EDI and the classification of the at-risk Aboriginal child comprised a terrain that shaped settler-colonial power and privilege through mechanisms of population management and related implications for territorial control. The article evaluates what these findings suggest for extending debates about the political elements of epigenetic reason.
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Di Pasquale, Francesca. "The “Other” at Home: Deportation and Transportation of Libyans to Italy During the Colonial Era (1911–1943)." International Review of Social History 63, S26 (June 11, 2018): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859018000299.
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AbstractThis article analyses the practices of deportation and transportation of colonial subjects from Libya, Italy’s former possession, to the metropole throughout the entire colonial period (1911–1943). For the most part, the other colonial powers did not transport colonial subjects to Europe. Analysing the history of the punitive relocations of Libyans, this article addresses the ways in which the Italian case may be considered peculiar. It highlights the overlapping of the penal system and military practices and emphasizes the difficult dialogue between “centre” and “periphery” concerning security issues inside the colony. Finally, it focuses on the experience of the Libyans in Italy and shows how the presence there of colonial subjects in some respects overturned the “colonial situation”, undermining the relationship of power between Italians and North Africans.
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Broch, Ludivine. "Colonial Subjects and Citizens in the French Internal Resistance, 1940-1944." French Politics, Culture & Society 37, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 6–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2019.370102.
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In recent decades historians have done a lot to reveal the social and political diversity of the people who participated in the French Resistance. But little has been said about non-white resisters who were among the 200,000 men and women from the colonies living in the French metropole during the Occupation. This article shows that many of them were entangled in the Resistance as early as the summer of 1940 and that they became involved in the most political and violent forms of defiance. Resistance, however, was not a “natural” decision for many of the colonial workers or prisoners, whose daily struggles could bring them into tension with the Free French as well as Vichy. So, if this study aims to rectify misconceptions of the Resistance as an entirely Eurocentric affair, it also probes the complicated relationship between colonial subjects and the metropole during the war.
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SCHLER, LYNN. "AMBIGUOUS SPACES: THE STRUGGLE OVER AFRICAN IDENTITIES AND URBAN COMMUNITIES IN COLONIAL DOUALA, 1914–45." Journal of African History 44, no. 1 (March 2003): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853702008332.
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This article examines the relationship between experiences and the physical and discursive constructions of space in colonial urban settings. African immigrants and the colonial regime imagined Douala's immigrant quarter, New Bell, as an African space but the actual meaning of this classification was highly fluid over time. Colonial ineffectiveness in approaching New Bell was evidenced by half-hearted and flawed surveillance efforts including the failed use of identity cards, informants and pass laws. Residents maintained a sense of autonomy within the space of New Bell, and remained largely ignorant or apathetic toward colonial law within the quarter, ultimately enabling the community to thrive.
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Cole, Jennifer. "Working Mis/Understandings: The Tangled Relationship between Kinship, Franco-Malagasy Binational Marriages, and the French State." Cultural Anthropology 29, no. 3 (August 11, 2014): 527–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca29.3.05.
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Marriage migration and family reunification have become one of the few ways for migrants from former French colonies to gain legal entry to France. As a result, love, marriage, and kinship have become central to the politics of contemporary border control. Based on extensive research with Franco-Malagasy families in southwestern France, this article examines how couples negotiate the complexities of their binational relationships in the context of state-fostered xenophobia and suspicion. I suggest the analytic of a working mis/understanding to capture how these marriages operate. While at one level the working mis/understanding enables Malagasy women and French men to bridge their different notions of kinship, at another level it naturalizes a long-standing colonial relationship between France and Madagascar. I further consider how the sociocultural dynamics of the working mis/understanding illuminate how state regulations produce the commodification of intimate relations allegedly intrinsic to these marriages.
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Kim, Ye-seul. "The Relationship Solidarity of Masan Warehouse Company in Japanese Colonial Era." Journal of Studies on Korean National Movement 108 (September 30, 2021): 35–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.19162/knm.108.2021.9.02.
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