Journal articles: 'Colonial fishery'

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Kang, Man-Ik. "Establishment and Operation of Jeju Island Fishermen’s Associations during the Japanese Colonial Era." Society for Jeju Studies 58 (August 31, 2022): 71–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.47520/jjs.2022.58.71.

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This study examines the establishment and operation of Jeju Island fishermen’s associations during the Japanese colonial era. Fishermen’s associations began to be established under the Joseon Fishery Ordinance and the Fishermen’s Associations Rule promulgated by the Japanese Government General of Korea in 1912, and the number of fishermen’s associations had since increased to approximately 200 by 1942. The first fishermen’s association established in Jeju Island is Woljeong-ri Fishermen’s Association in Woljeong-ri, Gujwa-myeon in 1916. The association was founded by Park Seong-il and other villagers as the anchovy fishery in Woljeong-ri had the largest catch in Jeju Island. Later, the Chuja-do Fishermen’s Association was established in 1919; the Jeju Island Haenyeo’s Association in 1920; and the Seogwi Fishermen’s Association in 1925. The 1929 promulgation of the Joseon Fishery Ordinance led to the establishment of myeon-unit fishermen’s associations in Jeju Island in the 1930s. Members of fishermen’s associations in Jeju Island protested against the tyranny of fishermen’s associations, as seen in the 1926 uprising by fishermen from the Chuja-do Fishermen’s Association and the 1932 anti-Japanese movement by haenyeo from the Jeju Island Fishermen’s Association. The study on Jeju Island fishermen’s associations will provide an opportunity to learn about the modern history of Jeju Island through fishermen’s associations.

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Pechar, L. "Long-term changes in fish pond management as ‘an unplanned ecosystem experiment’: importance of zooplankton structure, nutrients and light for species composition of cyanobacterial blooms." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0183.

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The study presents data on the species composition of cyanobacterial water blooms in Czech fish ponds from the 1950s to the 1990s. Since the 1950s, a shift from large-colonial Aphanizomenon flos-aquae var. flos-aquae through Microcystis aeruginosa and small-colonial species of Anabaena to single-filament species (Planktohrix agardhii, Limnothrix redekei, Aphanizomenon gracile) or single-cell forms (Microcystis ichtyoblabe), has been observed. The changes in the species composition of the water blooms are closely related to changes in fishery management (increase in fish stock, increase in application of organic fertilizers). At present the high predation of fish upon zooplankton results in elimination of large colonial blooms of A. flos-aquae associated with large filtering zooplankton (Daphnia). Low grazing pressure of zooplankton, low light conditions and low N:P ratios are suitable conditions for mass development of the small species of cyanobacteria. High pH is not necessary to achieve cyanobacteria dominance.

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Balazik, Matthew T., Greg C. Garman, Michael L. Fine, Christian H. Hager, and Stephen P. McIninch. "Changes in age composition and growth characteristics of Atlantic sturgeon ( Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus ) over 400 years." Biology Letters 6, no. 5 (March 17, 2010): 708–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0144.

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Populations of sturgeon (Acipenseridae) have experienced global declines, and in some cases extirpation, during the past century. In the current era of climate change and over-harvesting of fishery resources, climate models, based on uncertain boundary conditions, are being used to predict future effects on the Earth's biota. A collection of approximately 400-year-old Atlantic sturgeon spines from a midden in colonial Jamestown, VA, USA, allowed us to compare the age structure and growth rate for a pre-industrial population during a ‘mini-ice age’ with samples collected from the modern population in the same reach of the James River. Compared with modern fish, the colonial population was characterized by larger and older individuals and exhibited significantly slower growth rates, which were comparable with modern populations at higher latitudes of North America. These results may relate to higher population densities and/or colder water temperatures during colonial times.

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Choi, Sung Hwan. "The Status and Influence of Cheongsan-do Mackerel Fishery in the Japanese Colonial Era." Humanities Journal 50 (December 31, 2017): 215–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37981/hjhrisu.2017.12.50.215.

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Shim, Jae-Wook, and Won-Ho Ha. "The Exploitation and Utilization of East Sea Fishery Resources during the Japanese Colonial Era." Historical Association for Soong-Sil 38 (June 30, 2017): 229–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.16942/ssh.2017.38.06.07.

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Shim, Jae-Wook, and Won-Ho Ha. "The Exploitation and Utilization of East Sea Fishery Resources during the Japanese Colonial Era." Historical Association for Soong-Sil 38 (June 30, 2017): 229–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.16942/ssh.2017.38.6.07.

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von der Porten, Suzanne, Jeff Corntassel, and Devi Mucina. "Indigenous nationhood and herring governance: strategies for the reassertion of Indigenous authority and inter-Indigenous solidarity regarding marine resources." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 15, no. 1 (January 22, 2019): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180118823560.

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The modern-day reinvigoration of individual Indigenous nations around the world is connected to broader simultaneous movements of Indigenous nationhood worldwide. The origins, implications, philosophies, and diversities of Indigenous resurgences and resistances continue to be discussed in the growing body of literature on Indigenous governance. This article builds on these discussions by focusing on the applied tools and strategies of Indigenous resurgence. In the context of the Pacific herring fishery in British Columbia, Canada, this research explores the strategies and tools used by three Indigenous coastal nations to apply pressure on the colonial government to abdicate its asserted authority over herring governance. Motivated by a time-honored relationship to herring, we discuss how these Indigenous nations have strategized to try to regain authority over herring governance to protect species and Indigenous access to the fishery. We then discuss this ocean-based resurgence in the context of global Indigenous movements for the reassertion of self-determining authority.

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Rick, Torben C., Leslie A. Reeder-Myers, Courtney A. Hofman, Denise Breitburg, Rowan Lockwood, Gregory Henkes, Lisa Kellogg, et al. "Millennial-scale sustainability of the Chesapeake Bay Native American oyster fishery." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 23 (May 23, 2016): 6568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600019113.

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Estuaries around the world are in a state of decline following decades or more of overfishing, pollution, and climate change. Oysters (Ostreidae), ecosystem engineers in many estuaries, influence water quality, construct habitat, and provide food for humans and wildlife. In North America’s Chesapeake Bay, once-thriving eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) populations have declined dramatically, making their restoration and conservation extremely challenging. Here we present data on oyster size and human harvest from Chesapeake Bay archaeological sites spanning ∼3,500 y of Native American, colonial, and historical occupation. We compare oysters from archaeological sites with Pleistocene oyster reefs that existed before human harvest, modern oyster reefs, and other records of human oyster harvest from around the world. Native American fisheries were focused on nearshore oysters and were likely harvested at a rate that was sustainable over centuries to millennia, despite changing Holocene climatic conditions and sea-level rise. These data document resilience in oyster populations under long-term Native American harvest, sea-level rise, and climate change; provide context for managing modern oyster fisheries in the Chesapeake Bay and elsewhere around the world; and demonstrate an interdisciplinary approach that can be applied broadly to other fisheries.

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Braithwaite, Jeremy. "This is no longer a Bristol Bay Fishery”: Fisheries dispossession and colonial violence in Bristol Bay, Alaska." Marine Policy 143 (September 2022): 105172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105172.

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Cadigan, Sean T. "Merchant Capital, the State, and Labour in a British Colony: Servant-Master Relations and Capital Accumulation in Newfoundland’s Northeast-Coast Fishery, 1775-1799." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 2, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031026ar.

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Abstract This paper uses a case study of class struggle in the late-eighteenth-century Newfoundland fishery to examine the relationship between merchant capital and the employment of wage labour in staple production in early colonial development. Using a modified version of the staple model which emphasises the role of the class relations and institutional structures of staple industries on long-term development, it finds that British regulation of wages to protect the migratory fishery stymied the extensive employment of wage labour by resident planters. Evidence drawn from court records suggests that fishing servants used the law to prevent erosion of wages due from planters at the end of a fishing season by ignoring mandatory preseason contracts or account overcharges. Servants enjoyed less, but still formidable, success in winning suits brought about by masters for neglect. By using wage law beyond the intentions of its British makers, servants forced planters increasingly to rely on family labour rather than wage labour. The struggles of wage labourers with their employers, rather than merchant conservatism as such, contributed to Newfoundland's long-term domination by merchant truck with fishing families.

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Kopp, Radovan, Andrea Ziková, Jan Mareš, Stanislav Navrátil, Ondřej Adamovský, and Miroslava Palíková. "Diversity and toxin content of cyanobacteria in fish ponds (South Moravia, Czech Republic) related to fishery management intensity." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 56, no. 5 (2008): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856050111.

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During the vegetative period of the year 2005 (June–October) we carried out hydrobiological and hydrochemical monitoring of selected ponds inhered in Southern Moravia in relation to different fishery management intensities. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen content, pH, conductivity and water transparency were monitored directly at taking place, N–NH4+, N–NO2-, N–NO3-, P–PO43- content and chlorophyll-a concentration were measured in hydrochemical laboratory. At the same time, water samples for taxonomical analyses of phytoplankton and assessment of toxin content of cyanobacteria were taken. All ponds were characterized by low water transparency, high values of pH, N–NH4+, P–PO43- and high chlorophyll a concentration. We detected maximum concentration of 18.7 µg . l−1 microcystins in ponds dominated by the species Microcystis aeruginosa. Total microcystin concentration in water of all ponds with dominance of pikoplanktonic cyanobacteria were below detection limit (LOD < 0.125 µg . l−1). The dominance of cyanobacteria species shifts from coccal (especially genus Microcystis) to small-colonial pikoplanctonic (genus Aphanocapsa, Aphanothece) and to single-filamentous (genus Planktothrix, Limnothrix, Pseudanabaena) cyanobacteria related to increasing fish stock density.

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Norgaard, Kari Marie, Ron Reed, and J. M. Bacon. "How Environmental Decline Restructures Indigenous Gender Practices: What Happens to Karuk Masculinity When There Are No Fish?" Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 4, no. 1 (April 29, 2017): 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649217706518.

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On the Klamath River in northern California, Karuk tribal fishermen traditionally provide salmon for food and ceremonies, yet the region has sustained serious environmental degradation in recent years. What happens to Karuk masculinity when there are no fish? Using interviews and public testimony, the authors examine how declining salmon runs affect the gender identities and practices of Karuk fishermen. Gendered practices associated with fishing serve ecological functions, perpetuate culture in the face of structural genocide, and unite families and communities. The authors find that the absence of fish resulting from ecological damage affects both food availability and the quality of social connections, which in turn affects individual gender practices and symbolizes genocide to the community. Karuk men’s individual struggles to construct themselves as men are thus interwoven with struggles against racism and ongoing colonialism. The authors coin the term colonial ecological violence to describe these circumstances. They also describe how some men restructure masculine identities by transferring “traditional” cultural responsibilities to fish, community, and “collective continuance” to new settings as activists and fishery scientists. The authors call for a decolonized sociology that uses more theorizing of the particular and very real ways ecological relationships structure gender in traditional Native communities to understand the operation of gendered and racialized colonial violence in the form of environmental degradation, today.

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Bacon, Margaret Hope. "Not All Wives: Women of Colonial Philadelphia, and: Captain Ahab Had a Wife: New England Women and the Whale Fishery, 1720-1870 (review)." Quaker History 90, no. 2 (2001): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/qkh.2001.0006.

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14

Fangel, Kirstin, Kim Magnus Bærum, Signe Christensen-Dalsgaard, Øystein Aas, and and Tycho Anker-Nilssen. "Incidental bycatch of northern fulmars in the small-vessel demersal longline fishery for Greenland halibut in coastal Norway 2012–2014." ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw149.

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With seabird populations in rapid decline, understanding and reducing anthropogenic mortality factors is essential. One such factor is incidental bycatch in fisheries. Here we analyze bycatch in the small-vessel demersal longline fishery for Greenland halibut outside the coast of Northern Norway in 2012–2014, by means of self-reporting from fishers and independent observers. A sample of killed birds were analysed for sex, age, reproductive status and condition. Nearly all were northern fulmars. Estimated total bycatch for this fishery for the 3-year period was about 312 birds (SE ≈ 133) using a stratified estimator. Bycatch rate per 1000 hooks was estimated to approximately 0.031 (SE ≈ 0.012). Exploring per trip bycatch rates utilizing generalized linear mixed models, we found no convincing trends of environmental, spatial and temporal variables in explaining bycatch. However, trips using longlines with non-swivel hooks had a more than 100-fold larger bycatch rate (mean ≈ 0.760, SE ≈ 0.160) than those using swivel hooks (mean ≈ 0.008, SE ≈ 0.002). Further, trips with external observers had higher bycatch estimates (mean ≈ 0.75, SE ≈ 0.16) compared with trips where bycatch was registered by the fishers (mean ≈ 0.02, SE < 0.01). Of the analysed birds, about two-thirds were adult birds and males dominated (71.1%). A majority were in good or moderate condition. The findings suggest that the incidental bycatch in the Greenland halibut fishery along the Norwegian coast is more limited than previous studies indicated, and that the use of swivel hooks can significantly reduce such bycatch. However, the impacts on the red-listed, diminishing population of fulmars breeding in mainland Norway should be assessed further and requires a method to assign killed birds to regions/colonies. Also, gaining a better understanding of what triggers events with extreme bycatch numbers is important to reduce the problem further and to improve bycatch modelling.

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Oro, Daniel, Vittorio Pedrocchi, Jacob González-Solís, Xavier Ruiz, and Lluís Jover. "Differences in diet between the two largest breeding colonies of Audouin's gulls: the effects of fishery activities." Scientia Marina 66, no. 3 (September 30, 2002): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2002.66n3313.

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Revell, Keith D. "Luxury Hotels and Urban Hostels:." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 79, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2020.79.1.39.

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Luxury Hotels and Urban Hostels: Carl Fisher, Resort Architecture, and the Contrasting Worlds of Miami Beach's Pre-Depression-Era Lodging contrasts two approaches to hotel building in Miami Beach during the early to mid-1920s. Keith D. Revell describes how luxury resort hotels, exemplified by Carl Fisher's Flamingo (1920), offered recreation activities and elaborate venues for socializing for successful businessmen and their families. While these hotels projected affluence and exclusiveness, most of the city's hotels were urban hostels: small in scale, with limited amenities, integrated into the urban grid, and serving a broad array of middle- and working-class visitors. Although both luxury hotels and urban hostels were decorated with Spanish colonial motifs, they differed markedly in size, siting, function, and audience. Luxury hotels and urban hostels thus show how different approaches to city building and urban image making—one developer led, the other market led—shaped the nation's premier winter resort in the early twentieth century.

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Casson, John. "Missionaries, Mau Mau and The Christian Frontier." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 13 (2000): 200–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900002878.

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In May 1955, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Fisher, visited Fort Hall in Kenya’s Kikuyu native reserve. The colonial government had declared a state of emergency nearly three years before in response to a secret and violent Kikuyu anti-colonial movement which it knew as Mau Mau. In the ensuing guerrilla war several thousand were killed, almost all of them Africans, and some eighty thousand Kikuyu were held in detention camps.

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Hasanah, Nur, Putu Eka Sudaryatma, Imanuddin Razaq, Ni Nyoman Eriawati, Wahyu Andy Nugraha, Hidayati Kumalasari, Ni Putu Arya Shintya Anggraeni, and Ida Ayu Mirah Meliana Dewi. "Early Detection of Contamination Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli in Fisheries Product Using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction." Jurnal Sain Veteriner 40, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsv.73314.

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The fisheries sector provided a significant contribution to the Indonesian economy by increasing export activities in every year. The exported fisheries product are categorized of live fish, frozen fish, preservation products from various types of fish, crustaceans, and molluscs. The contamination of pathogenic bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli causing healthy problems originating from the fishery sector (sea-food borne disease). These two bacteria contaminated fisheries product is due to mishandling and storaging in the processing, which causes acute diarrhea, gastrointestinal infections and fever. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) method was developed to increase the efficiency of time, effort and accuracy of the bacterial contamination testing process. The mPCR method begins with the optimization of the two bacterial gene targets, sensitivity test, specificity test and then applied to samples of fishery products. The mPCR method is carried out in two mechanisms, namely “one-run” conducted from bacterial colonies isolated on agar media and “one-tube” which is applied directly from fishery products. The results of the development of the mPCR method on V. parahaemolyticus and E. coli resulted in sensitivity at concentrations of DNA 5.6 pg/ml and DNA 5.5 pg/ml, respectively. One-tube mPCR application obtained 7 positive colonies of V. parahaemolyticus and 38 positive colonies of E. coli. Meanwhile, one-tube mPCR which was applied directly from shrimp samples could identify the two bacteria.

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Shaughnessy, Peter D., Simon D. Goldsworthy, Paul Burch, and Terry E. Dennis. "Pup numbers of the Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) at The Pages Islands, South Australia, over two decades." Australian Journal of Zoology 61, no. 2 (2013): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo13015.

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The Australian sea lion is an Australian endemic, restricted to South Australia and Western Australia, with 86% of the population in South Australia. It was listed under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act as Vulnerable in February 2005, and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature has listed it as Endangered. Sea lions are taken as bycatch in the gill-net fishery for school shark and gummy shark, and the risk of extinction of breeding colonies is high even from low levels of bycatch. We assessed trends in pup population size at The Pages Islands, a large breeding colony in South Australia. Pup abundance was estimated by direct counting of live and dead pups; the maximum count in each breeding season was used for trend analysis. The average of direct counts of pups in 14 breeding seasons between 1989–90 and 2009–10 was 473 (s.d. = 58.4). There was no trend in pup numbers, contrasting with two other large colonies: Seal Bay, Kangaroo Island (decreasing), and Dangerous Reef (increasing since 2000). The Australian Sea Lion Management Strategy of the Australian Fisheries Management Authority aims to reduce sea lion bycatch in the shark fishery; a key item is a fishery closure around each breeding colony in South Australia. Implementation of the closure around The Pages should lower the risk of bycatch of its sea lions with foraging areas that previously overlapped with the fishery and should allow the colony’s population size to increase.

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ESTROFF, SUE E. "Colonial Madness: Mental Health in the Barbadian Social Order . LAWRENCE E. FISHER." American Ethnologist 13, no. 3 (August 1986): 592–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.1986.13.3.02a00290.

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FARMER, PAUL. "Colonial Madness: Mental Health in the Barbadian Social Order. LAWRENCE E. FISHER." American Ethnologist 15, no. 4 (November 1988): 784–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.1988.15.4.02a00140.

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Stockwell, Sarah. "‘Splendidly Leading the Way’? Archbishop Fisher and Decolonisation in British Colonial Africa." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 36, no. 3 (September 2008): 545–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086530802318623.

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Chocano, Magdalena. "Circuitos mercantiles y auge minero en la sierra central a fines de la época colonial." Allpanchis 15, no. 21 (October 1, 2020): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36901/allpanchis.v15i21.877.

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Cerro de Pasco ha sido el núcleo minero de mayor influencia socioecónomica en la sierra central peruana, su importancia data de fine de la era colonial en que la producción de plata cobró un nuevo auge y en este asiento se alcanzaron los rendimientos más importantes del área bajo-peruana (Fisher, 1977: 213-214, 222-223).

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Marx, J. M. "Settlement of Spiny Lobster, Panulirus argus, Pueruli in South Florida: An Evaluation from Two Perspectives." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 2221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-272.

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Settlement of spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, pueruli occurs year-round in south Florida, but seasonal trends are not consistent. Recruitment peaks are common in spring but sometimes occur in other seasons. Postsettlement dynamics of seasonal settlement classes must be determined to establish a relationship between puerulus abundance and subsequent fishery yield. Pueruli settle in various shallow-water habitats, including masses of the red alga Laurencia, algal-covered mangrove roots, and colonies of the bryozoan, Bugula. Settlement habitats of 0.04–2 ha can produce 1906–3913 juveniles (20 mm carapace length) annually. Management must protect these critical habitats to assure productivity of the spiny lobster fishery.

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Scopel, Lauren C., Antony W. Diamond, Stephen W. Kress, Adrian R. Hards, and Paula Shannon. "Seabird diets as bioindicators of Atlantic herring recruitment and stock size: a new tool for ecosystem-based fisheries management." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 8 (August 2018): 1215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0140.

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Ecosystem-based fishery management requires understanding of relationships between exploited fish and their predators, such as seabirds. We used exploratory regression analyses to model relationships between Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the diet of seabird chicks at nine nesting colonies in the Gulf of Maine and four types of fishery- and survey-derived herring data. We found several strong relationships, which suggests spatial structuring in herring stocks and likely patterns of herring movements before they recruit into the fishery. Some types of herring data seldom used in stock assessments — notably acoustic surveys, fixed-gear landings, and mass-at-age (i.e., weight-at-age) — correlated as strongly with seabird data as more commonly used series, such as mobile-gear landings and modeled spawning stock biomass. Seabird chick diets collected at specific locations thus offer a promising means to assess the size, distribution, and abundance of juvenile herring across a broad area prior to recruitment, which is a major source of uncertainty in fisheries. Common terns (Sterna hirundo) showed the most potential as a bioindicator, correlating well and showing consistent spatial patterns with 11 of 13 fishery data series.

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Cleland, Deb. "Fishing for a Career: Alternative Livelihoods and the Hardheaded Art of Academic Failure." Journal of Working-Class Studies 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v2i2.6101.

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Charting the course: The world of alternative livelihood research brings a heavy history of paternalistic colonial intervention and moralising. In particular, subsistence fishers in South East Asia are cyclical attractors of project funding to help them exit poverty and not ‘further degrade the marine ecosystem’ (Cinner et al. 2011), through leaving their boats behind and embarking on non-oceanic careers. What happens, then, when we turn an autoethnographic eye on the livelihood of the alternative livelihood researcher? What lexicons of lack and luck may we borrow from the fishers in order to ‘render articulate and more systematic those feelings of dissatisfaction’ (Young 2002) of an academic’s life’s work and our work-life? What might we learn from comparing small-scale fishers to small-scale scholars about how to successfully ‘navigate’ the casualised waters of the modern university? Does this unlikely course bring any ideas of ‘possibilities glimmering’ (Young 2002) for ‘exiting’ poverty in Academia?

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POYSKY, FRANK T., ROHINEE N. PARANJPYE, LAURA C. LASHBROOK, MARK E. PETERSON, GRETCHEN A. PELROY, and MEL W. EKLUND. "Selective and Differential Medium for Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from Foods." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.4.326.

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Hemolytic ceftazidime lithium chloride agar (HCLA) has been developed as a selective and differential plating medium for the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from fishery products. Selectivity is based upon lithium chloride, colistin methane sulfonate, and ceftazidime. When horse blood was incorporated in the agar overlay, L. monocytogenes colonies were easily distinguished by their characteristic blue-gray color surrounded by narrow zones of ß-hemolysis. Listeria innocua, a species commonly present in foods, does not produce hemolysis on the medium. Therefore, one or more colonies of L. monocytogenes were easily distinguished from large populations of L. innocua. When used in combination with Food and Drug Administration and U.S. Department of Agriculture enrichment methodology, HCLA was effective in inhibiting competitive organisms, differentiating colonies of L. monocytogenes by their ß-hemolysis, and shortening the incubation time at 35°C for presumptive identification to 17–24 h.

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Jennings, Gemma, Derek J. McGlashan, and Robert W. Furness. "Responses to changes in sprat abundance of common tern breeding numbers at 12 colonies in the Firth of Forth, east Scotland." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 4 (February 26, 2012): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss022.

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Abstract Jennings, G., McGlashan, D. J. and Furness, R. W. 2012. Responses to changes in sprat abundance of common tern breeding numbers at 12 colonies in the Firth of Forth, east Scotland. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 572–577. Breeding numbers collected in 12 common tern Sterna hirundo colonies in the Firth of Forth, Scotland, along with sprat landings data for the area, were used to investigate how the dynamics of a shared prey resource may affect different colonies in a region. Between 1969 and 2010, breeding numbers fluctuated much more at individual colonies than across the region as a whole, with the largest colonies showing opposite trends, suggesting relocation by birds. This indicates that data from individual colonies may be less useful than regional numbers when using seabirds as indicators. Tern breeding numbers in the region were reduced when the sprat stock (Sprattus sprattus) collapsed in the early 1980s after targeted fishing, but recovered during recent decades when the stock was unfished. This should be considered for reopening the Firth of Forth sprat fishery, as well as in the management of other shared prey stocks.

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Greenstreet, Simon P. R., Eric Armstrong, Henrik Mosegaard, Henrik Jensen, Iain M. Gibb, Helen M. Fraser, Beth E. Scott, Gayle J. Holland, and Jonathan Sharples. "Variation in the abundance of sandeels Ammodytes marinus off southeast Scotland: an evaluation of area-closure fisheries management and stock abundance assessment methods." ICES Journal of Marine Science 63, no. 8 (January 1, 2006): 1530–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.05.009.

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Abstract In 2000, a sandeel fishery off SE Scotland, which commenced in the early 1990s, was closed in response to concerns that the fishery was having a deleterious effect on seabird breeding performance at colonies in the vicinity of the fishing grounds. Fishery-derived catch per unit effort (cpue) data are used together with three different fishery-independent survey techniques (acoustic, demersal trawl, and nocturnal grab survey) to assess variation in sandeel Ammodytes marinus population biomass in the area over the period 1997–2003, a period that included the last three years that the fishery was operating and the first four years of the sandeel fishing moratorium. Temporal trends in estimates of sandeel biomass derived from these different assessment methods were inconsistent and, on the basis of these alone, it was not possible to determine whether sandeel population biomass in the area had increased following the closure of the fishery. The different survey methods assess different components of the sandeel population; acoustic survey and fishery cpue quantified sandeels active in the water column, whilst demersal trawl survey quantified sandeels buried in the sediments. These data were collected at a time of year when sandeels were moving between the seabed sediments and the overlying water column. A grab survey also quantified sandeels buried in the sediment, but these data were collected at a time of year when the entire population should have been buried in the sediment. Differences between the different time-series were reconciled by taking account of the cumulative total primary production in each year prior to the surveys. On the basis of this, a model was developed that utilized acoustic and demersal trawl survey data to estimate the total sandeel population biomass. This model was validated using the nocturnal grab-survey data. The modelled data indicated that the biomass of sandeels 1+ years old increased sharply in the first year of the closure and remained higher in all four of the closure years than in any of the preceding three years, when the fishery was operating. The biomass of 0-group sandeels in three of the four closure years exceeded the biomass present in the three years of commercial fishing. Whereas the response of 1+ sandeels may have been a direct consequence of the closure, this is not likely to have been the case in respect of 0-group sandeels. The closure appears to have coincided with a period of enhanced recruit production.

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Kim, A. Ch. "STATE OF RESOURCES AND FISHERY OF MANILA CLAM RUDITAPES PHILIPPINARUM (ADAMS ET REEVE, 1848) IN THE LOSOS BIGHT AND BUSSE LAGOON (ANIVA BAY, OKHOTSK SEA) IN 2010–2016." Izvestiya TINRO 197 (July 5, 2019): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2019-197-108-117.

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Landings of manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum were steady high in 2010–2016 and exceeded the recommended volume that caused deterioration of its resources in the areas of large aggregations. Any significant growth of the clam colonies in the surveyed area could not be expected in the nearest future because of continuing press of fishery. Total stock of Ruditapes philippinarum in the Aniva Bay is estimated as 240 t, including 203 t of clams with commercial size.

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Marinao, Cristian, Nicolás Suárez, and Pablo Yorio. "Trophic interactions between the Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus) and Royal and Cayenne terns (Thalasseus maximus maximus and Thalasseus sandvicensis eurygnathus, respectively) in a human-modified environment." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 10 (October 2019): 904–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2019-0047.

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Many closely related seabirds nest in mixed colonies, and this association may result in interspecific interactions such as competition for common resources and kleptoparasitism. Trophic interactions were evaluated between the Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, 1823) and Royal and Cayenne terns (Thalasseus maximus maximus (Boddaert, 1783) and Thalasseus sandvicensis eurygnathus (Saunders, 1876), respectively) nesting at a mixed-species colony in an area with high availability of recreational fishery waste for the opportunistic Kelp Gull. Diet analyses were based on gull chick stomach content samples and direct observations of food delivered to tern chicks in 2013 and 2014, complemented in 2014 with carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of chick whole-blood samples. Main prey species of Kelp Gull chicks were Cynoscion guatucupa (Cuvier, 1830), a demersal species obtained from recreational fishery waste, Argentine anchovies (Engraulis anchoita Hubbs and Marini, 1935), and insects. Engraulis anchoita and Odontesthes spp. were the main prey of both tern species. Trophic niche and isotopic niche overlap between the Kelp Gull and Royal and Cayenne terns was low. Kelp Gull kleptoparasitism on Royal and Cayenne terns was ≤2.5% and <0.6%, respectively. The use of anthropogenic food subsidies by Kelp Gulls may be mediating the trophic relationships among species, favouring their use of predictable and abundant fishery waste over a more unpredictable pelagic schooling fish such as E. anchoita.

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Pfeifer, Barbosa, Mustafa, Peter, Brenning, and Marie‐Charlott Rümmler. "Using Fixed-Wing UAV for Detecting and Mapping the Distribution and Abundance of Penguins on the South Shetlands Islands, Antarctica." Drones 3, no. 2 (April 19, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones3020039.

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Antarctic marine ecosystems undergo enormous changes, presumably due to climate change and fishery. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have an unprecedented potential for measuring these changes by mapping indicator species such as penguins even in remote areas. We used a battery-powered fixed-wing UAV to survey colonies along a 30-km stretch of the remote coast of southwest King George Island and northwest Nelson Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica) during the austral summer 2016/17. With multiple flights, we covered a total distance of 317 km. We determined the exact position of 14 chinstrap penguin colonies, including two small unknown colonies, with a total abundance of 35,604 adults. To model the number of occupied nests based on the number of adults counted in the UAV imagery we used data derived from terrestrial time-lapse imagery. The comparison with previous studies revealed a decline in the total abundance of occupied nests. However, we also found four chinstrap penguin colonies that have grown since the 1980s against the general trend on the South Shetland Islands. The results proved the suitability of the use of small and lightweight fixed-wing UAVs with electric engines for mapping penguin colonies in remote areas in the Antarctic.

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Chung (鍾淑敏), Shu-min. "Taiwanese Migrants and the Development of “Japanese Tawau” in Prewar British North Borneo (臺灣移民與戰前英屬北婆羅洲「日本人的斗湖」之開發)." Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspectives 11, no. 1 (February 17, 2017): 8–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24522015-01101003.

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This paper examines two waves of Japanese recruitment of Taiwanese migrants to British North Borneo (Sabah, Malaysia today) before World Warii. The North Borneo Chartered Company that governed the region from 1881 encouraged the inflow of migrants and foreign capital. By the time when Japan started to kick off its first wave of labor recruitment Taiwan in around 1915, ethnic Chinese migrants from the Straits Settlements and South China had formed significant communities in the shores of British North Borneo. But local labor power could not meet up the demand of the bourgeoning Japanese enterprises in mining, farming, and fishery industries in British North Borneo in general and in Tawau district in particular. Japan thus attempted to recruit workers from Taiwan to make up the insufficient number of Chinese migrants. In the 1920s, compared with their Chinese counterparts from South China, most Taiwanese did not settle in Borneo after their labor contract expired. The Japanese plan of developing a “Taiwan village” did not come true. In 1938, when Japan launched another launch another migrant scheme to send out Taiwanese to North Borneo, Japanese colonial regime in Taiwan rendered substantial capital and technology to the Taiwanese migrants. Now, Japan expected the Taiwanese to contribute more than their labor power but their connections with other Chinese descendants who had already settled there. In other words, Japan considered the interest of the Taiwanese migrants as part of the interests of the Japanese empire. The roles of prewar Taiwanese migration to British North Borneo should thus be understood by Japan’s Southward Expansion.本文探討1917年與1938年日本人兩波召募臺灣勞工前往英屬北婆羅洲（今馬來西亞沙巴）斗湖一帶的過程和影響。在英國鼓勵日本招募華工來開發當地的背景下，1917年時日本招募臺灣人的動機，最主要是為了因應華工招募不足的困境而採取的臨時性措施，臺灣人被視為華工的替代品。相對於華工，臺灣移工也沒有在當地形成久居的社區。而在1938年臺灣拓殖株式會社提出的移民計畫中，臺灣人已經不只是單純的勞動力，背後還有臺灣總督府為使其定居的經費補助。這或許便是臺拓計畫中所提及臺灣人日本化的成果：可賦予臺灣人更大的任務，去面對人口占居多數的斗湖華人。戰前臺灣人移居北婆羅洲可說是伴隨著總督府南進的風潮與政策中，扮演了不同階段所需要的角色。 (This article is in Chinese).

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Follesa, Maria Cristina, Rita Cannas, Alessandro Cau, Claudia Pedoni, Paola Pesci, and Angelo Cau. "Deep-water red coral from the island of Sardinia (north-western Mediterranean): a local example of sustainable management." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 8 (2013): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12235.

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Since 1979, red coral harvesting in Sardinia has been regulated by regional laws. The regulations, including a minimum take size of 10-mm basal diameter, were imposed to limit and control harvesting. Our study indicated that >75% of the red coral colonies harvested in 2007–08 in the north-western coast were above the legal minimum size for exploitation. Moreover, extensive surveys with remotely operated vehicles allowed us to document the real structure of wild populations. Large colonies (>10 mm) represented a big portion of the population (~38% of the total), suggesting that harvesting effort did not affect yet the maximum size of colonies. All these results seem to be confirmed by the application of the model of Beverton and Holt. This model shows that the fishery of red coral in Sardinia reaches its maximum yield at an age at first capture of 20 years, an age significantly lower than the average age of 30 years calculated for the colonies actually harvested in the Sardinian coast. Our data confirmed that the measures enacted in the Sardinian regulations provide for an adequate management of this resource and, in addition, can represent a guideline for other countries that still lack a valid management plan.

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Sukparangsi, W., R. Bootsri, W. Sikeao, S. Karoon, and A. Thongphakdee. "181 Establishment of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Fishing Cat and Clouded Leopard Using Integration-Free Method for Wildlife Conservation." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, no. 1 (2018): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv30n1ab181.

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Fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus) and clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) are wild felids, currently in vulnerable status according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature red list (2017). Several measures in assisted reproductive technology (e.g. AI, embryo transfer) have been used by the Zoological Park Organization of Thailand (ZPO) to increase their offspring in captivity. Recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cells) becomes popular and provides alternative way to preserve good genetics in the form of cell with diverse capacities. This great potential of iPS cells is unlimited self-renewal and pluripotency, similar to embryonic stem cells (ESC). Under the right cell culture conditions, pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into all cell types of the body. Here, we aimed to find the optimal condition to generate integration-free iPS cells from fishing cat and clouded leopard. At first, to obtain somatic cells for cellular reprogramming, adult dermal fibroblast cell lines from both species were established from belly skin tissues. Subsequently, several nucleofection programs of AmaxaTM 4D-nucleofectorTM (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland) were examined to introduce integration-free DNA vectors carrying reprogramming factors into the felid fibroblasts. The transfected cells were cultured under numerous conditions: (1) matrix/defined surface including irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblast, gelatin, vitronectin, and Geltrex® (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA); (2) ESC/iPS cell medium including Essential 8TM (Thermo Fisher Scientific) DMEM containing KnockOutTM Serum Replacement (KOSR; Thermo Fisher Scientific) and/or fetal bovine serum (FBS); and (3) supplement including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), l-ascorbic acid, nicotinamide, ALK5 inhibitor (A83-01) and RevitaCellTM (Thermo Fisher Scientific). We found that optimal nucleofection programs for human dermal fibroblast including FF-135 and EN-150 were able to transfer episomal vectors and excisable piggyBAC transposon carrying reprogramming factors into fishing cat and clouded leopard fibroblasts, respectively. The iPS-like colonies appeared around 26 to 30 days post-nucleofection. The culture of transfected cells on either Geltrex® or Vitronectin-coated surface supports the formation of iPS-like colonies with different derivation efficiency (0.01 and 0.005%, respectively). In addition, all colonies were formed under medium containing FBS, together with both bFGF and LIF supplements. Taken together, we have developed a platform to generate iPS cells from tissue collection to the establishment of iPS cell culture. This will further enable us to apply the technique to obtain iPS cells from other endangered and vulnerable felid species.

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Rollmann, Hans J. "English-Inuit hostilities at Cape Charles (Labrador) in 1767." Études/Inuit/Studies 39, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036083ar.

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In 1767, three English fishers associated with Nicholas Darby’s fishing and trading enterprise in southern Labrador were killed by Inuit. In response to this violence, a contingent of British soldiers from newly established York Fort pursued the alleged perpetrators, killed several, and captured others. Among the captives was an Inuk woman named Mikak as well as the future first Moravian Inuk convert, the youth Karpik. The hostilities of 1767 cannot be fully explored merely by following the narrative of colonial authorities and traders. If the Moravian records are consulted, the notorious murder near Cape Charles in 1767 appears to have had a more complex causation than has hitherto been suggested, one that may include some European culpability in these events. Instead of the unprovoked murder of three Europeans by Inuit during a robbery, it may have been a violent act of self-defence to prevent the theft of Inuit trading goods by English fishers. Whatever the original motivation for the killings of Nicholas Darby’s men may have been, the 1767 melee remains an important historical event in Labrador, which occurred during a decade that saw British legal and administrative changes reshape European relations with Inuit and a lasting Moravian presence on Labrador’s north coast established.

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Sompayrac, L., and K. J. Danna. "The simian virus 40 sequences between 0.169 and 0.423 map units are not essential to immortalize early-passage rat embryo cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 5 (May 1985): 1191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.5.1191-1194.1985.

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F8dl is a simian virus 40 early-region deletion mutant that lacks the sequences between 0.169 and 0.423 map units. We show that cloned F8dl DNA immortalized early-passage Fisher rat embryo cells with an efficiency that was about 20% of that of cloned wild-type simian virus 40 DNA. In contrast, we detected no immortalized colonies when we transfected the cells with DNA of five other early-region deletion mutants that do not make stable truncated forms of T antigen. Since all five of these mutants have intact early- and late-region control sequences, we conclude that these control sequences are not sufficient for immortalization. Three of the mutants that did not immortalize did make a normal small t antigen, suggesting that the expression of this protein alone is not sufficient for immortalization of early-passage Fisher rat embryo cells.

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Sompayrac, L., and K. J. Danna. "The simian virus 40 sequences between 0.169 and 0.423 map units are not essential to immortalize early-passage rat embryo cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 5 (May 1985): 1191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.5.1191.

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F8dl is a simian virus 40 early-region deletion mutant that lacks the sequences between 0.169 and 0.423 map units. We show that cloned F8dl DNA immortalized early-passage Fisher rat embryo cells with an efficiency that was about 20% of that of cloned wild-type simian virus 40 DNA. In contrast, we detected no immortalized colonies when we transfected the cells with DNA of five other early-region deletion mutants that do not make stable truncated forms of T antigen. Since all five of these mutants have intact early- and late-region control sequences, we conclude that these control sequences are not sufficient for immortalization. Three of the mutants that did not immortalize did make a normal small t antigen, suggesting that the expression of this protein alone is not sufficient for immortalization of early-passage Fisher rat embryo cells.

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Perota, A., I. Lagutina, C. Quadalti, R. Duchi, P. Turini, G. Crotti, S. Colleoni, et al. "203 SINGLE-STEP GENE EDITING OF 3 XENOANTIGENS IN PORCINE FIBROBLASTS USING PROGRAMMABLE NUCLEASES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 1 (2017): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv29n1ab203.

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Programmable nucleases (ZFN, Tal Effector Nucleases, and CRISPR) opened a new era for mammal genome editing, in particular for the pigs used for xenotransplantation. Multiple gene editing events are required both for knockout (KO) of xenoantigens and for targeted integration of human protective genes (Perota et al. 2016 J. Genet. Genomics 43, 233–23). The objective of the present work was to edit selected pig lines to KO the enzymes coding for the most relevant xenoantigens (i.e. GGTA1, CMAH, and B4GalNT2), combining Talens and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies to magnetic beads selection (Li et al. 2013 Xenotransplantation 22, 20–31). Primary porcine adult fibroblasts were transfected using Nucleofector (V-024 program). In a single reaction 2 × 106 fibroblasts were co-transfected using 2 different sets of TALENS (4 μg/set) specific for CMAH (Conchon et al., 2013) and GGTA1 (Perota et al., 2015) genes together with B4GalNT2-specific CRISPR/Cas9 expression vector (2 μg; pX330-B4GalNT2; Estrada et al., 2015). Eight days post-transfection (DPT), Gal–/– cells were selected initially using biotin-conjugated IB4 lectin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and magnetic beads (Dynabeads M-280, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The selected cells were then plated on 150-mm Petri dishes (200 cells/dish) and cultured for 10 days. Selected colonies were expanded for PCR analysis and cryopreserved for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). All colonies were analysed by PCR for CMAH gene and their resulting products were digested with HindIII (HindIII-RFLP). Colonies that lost wild-type HindIII as a consequence of Talens effected deletion were PCR characterised for GGTA1, selecting those that had detectable Indels after gel electrophoresis and finally analysed by PCR for B4GalNT2. All PCR products were validated by sequencing for all the 3 genes of interest (TopoTA, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Selected colonies were used as nuclear donors for SCNT (Lagutina et al., 2006). Eight DPT we obtained 3.45 ×106 cells. About 6.0 × 103 Gal-negative cells (0.17%) were collected from the supernatant after magnetic beads separation. Eighteen DPT, 120 colonies were picked up and their HindIII-RFLP analyses on CMAH gene revealed that 22 colonies (18.3%) were KO for both CMAH alleles. Of these 22 colonies following electrophoretic analyses of GGTA1-PCR products, 13 colonies had detectable Indels. These 13 colonies were finally PCR analysed and sequenced for B4GalNT2 and sequenced. Final sequencing results confirmed that 2 colonies (1.6%) resulted in KO for the 3 genes. Three different zona-free SCNT experiments were done and 579 reconstructed embryos were obtained. On Day 7, 322 morulae or blastocysts (56%) were transferred in 3 synchronised sows and 2 (66%) became pregnant. In conclusion, after gene editing with programmable nucleases, combining beads-mediated selection with well-designed molecular analyses, we developed a multistep assay that can be used efficiently to detect desired gene edited events in cell colonies suitable for the SCNT. Embryos generated after SCNT were able to establish pregnancies at a high rate. This work is supported by European FP7 grants Translink (n° 603049) and Xenoislet (n° 601827).

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Sherley, Richard B., Barbara J. Barham, Peter J. Barham, Kate J. Campbell, Robert J. M. Crawford, Jennifer Grigg, Cat Horswill, et al. "Bayesian inference reveals positive but subtle effects of experimental fishery closures on marine predator demographics." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1871 (January 17, 2018): 20172443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2443.

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Global forage-fish landings are increasing, with potentially grave consequences for marine ecosystems. Predators of forage fish may be influenced by this harvest, but the nature of these effects is contentious. Experimental fishery manipulations offer the best solution to quantify population-level impacts, but are rare. We used Bayesian inference to examine changes in chick survival, body condition and population growth rate of endangered African penguins Spheniscus demersus in response to 8 years of alternating time–area closures around two pairs of colonies. Our results demonstrate that fishing closures improved chick survival and condition, after controlling for changing prey availability. However, this effect was inconsistent across sites and years, highlighting the difficultly of assessing management interventions in marine ecosystems. Nevertheless, modelled increases in population growth rates exceeded 1% at one colony; i.e. the threshold considered biologically meaningful by fisheries management in South Africa. Fishing closures evidently can improve the population trend of a forage-fish-dependent predator—we therefore recommend they continue in South Africa and support their application elsewhere. However, detecting demographic gains for mobile marine predators from small no-take zones requires experimental time frames and scales that will often exceed those desired by decision makers.

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Amorim, Patrícia, Miguel Figueiredo, Miguel Machete, Telmo Morato, Ana Martins, and Ricardo Serrão Santos. "Spatial variability of seabird distribution associated with environmental factors: a case study of marine Important Bird Areas in the Azores." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 1 (November 5, 2008): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn175.

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Abstract Amorim, P., Figueiredo, M., Machete, M., Morato, T., Martins, A., and Serrão Santos, R. 2009. Spatial variability of seabird distribution associated with environmental factors: a case study of marine Important Bird Areas in the Azores. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 29–40. The spatial structure and distribution at sea of Cory's shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea borealis), common terns (Sterna hirundo), and roseate terns (Sterna dougallii) were analysed in the Azores for various environmental factors: sea surface temperature, chlorophyll a concentration, distance to fronts, wind, distance to island shore or tern colonies, distance to seamounts, seabed slope, and depth. Data on seabird sightings were collected by observers on board fishing vessels, 2002–2006. Generalized linear modelling (GLM) explained 43 and 11% of the abundance variability for terns (both species pooled) and Cory's shearwaters, respectively. Variability in seabird abundance was mainly explained by month, wind, distance to shore and/or tern colonies, and distance to seamounts. Variogram modelling indicated that species distribution presented a small-scale spatial structure (i.e. low autocorrelation). Cory's shearwater predictive distribution maps showed widespread distribution patterns of abundance, despite occurring at a greater intensity around the islands and around some seamounts, which are areas of fishery interest. Conversely, terns were essentially concentrated near the shore. The establishment of marine important bird areas should be encouraged close to seabird colonies and around some seamount areas.

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Lane-Medeiros, Laiane, Carolina Teixeira Puppin-Gonçalves, Matheus Arthur Lúcio da Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Rocha Duarte Alencar, and Fúlvio Aurélio de Morais Freire. "Macrocrustaceans associated with reefs of Phragmatopoma caudata Krøyer in Mörch, 1863 (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) and rocky shore in the Northeastern Brazil." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 61 (February 18, 2021): e20216119. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.19.

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Ecosystem engineering species create, modify, and/or maintain the characteristics of the environment. The polychaete Phragmatopoma caudata builds large sand reefs in the intertidal region of the Brazilian coast with high structural complexity, favoring the increase of diversity and interactions among the species associated. However, there are no studies concerning the association of polychaetes with crustacean macrofauna in the northeastern Brazil ecoregion, leaving an information gap on baseline biodiversity. Our aim was to analyze the effect of P. caudata colonies (PC) on the local diversity of macrocrustaceans compared to the rocky shore (RS) microhabitat. Monthly collections were carried out in low tide from September 2015 to August 2016 on 10 × 10 m quadrants for fauna and environmental variables (temperature and salinity) samples. In each microhabitat, the capture effort was two hours by two researchers. We collected 3,390 individuals, 60% associated with the colonies of PC and 40% with the RS. The PC obtained higher Shannon diversity, Pielou evenness and species richness coupled with milder water temperature and salinity conditions (minor air exposure during tide), compared to the RS that obtained greater species dominance and more extreme abiotic conditions (major air exposure). The Porcellanidae family stood out because all its species were highly abundant and had high occurrence in the colonies. The tropical Brazil porcelain crab Pachycheles greeleyi was dominant in both microhabitats (major dominance in PC). The structural complexity in the reefs of PC promoted higher availability of niches for the species, as more shelter for the resident species and refugium for temporary species with preference for more complex microhabitats. Conservation managers should prioritize the health of these colonies and subsequent species that constitute important ecosystemic and fishery resources.

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BRAJE, TODD J., THOMAS P. LEPPARD, SCOTT M. FITZPATRICK, and JON M. ERLANDSON. "Archaeology, historical ecology and anthropogenic island ecosystems." Environmental Conservation 44, no. 3 (April 11, 2017): 286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892917000261.

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SUMMARYIn the face of environmental uncertainty due to anthropogenic climate change, islands are at the front lines of global change, threatened by sea level rise, habitat alteration, extinctions and declining biodiversity. Islands also stand at the forefront of scientific study for understanding the deep history of human ecodynamics and to build sustainable future systems. We summarize the long history of human interactions with Polynesian, Mediterranean, Californian and Caribbean island ecosystems, documenting the effects of various waves of human settlement and socioeconomic systems, from hunter–gatherer–fishers, to agriculturalists, to globalized colonial interests. We identify degradation of island environments resulting from human activities, as well as cases of human management of resources to enhance productivity and create more sustainable systems. These case studies suggest that within a general global pattern of progressive island degradation, there was no single trajectory of human impact, but rather complex effects based on variable island physiographies, human subsistence strategies, population densities, technologies, sociopolitical organization and decision-making.

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Tandirerung, Chaterine Rumambo Tulak, Indra Cahyono, Frida Alifia, and Wayan Kantun. "Identifikasi Waktu Efektif Menumbuhkan Kandungan Bakteri Pada Fermentasi Ampas Tahu dengan Isi Perut Ikan Tongkol Krai (Auxis thazard)." SIGANUS: Journal of Fisheries and Marine Science 3, no. 2 (April 17, 2022): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31605/siganus.v3i2.1506.

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Pakan merupakan kompenen utama dengan biaya paling mahal dalam budidaya ikan secara intensif. Oleh sebab itu, dicari alternatif pakan murah dengan teknologi sederhana untuk menekan biaya operasinal pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui waktu efektif yang dibutuhkan untuk fermentasi limbah ampas tahu dan isi perut ikan tongkol krai (Auxis thazard) dan mengetahui koloni bakteri. Penelitian dilaksanakan Juni sampai Juli 2021 di Balai Penerapan Mutu Produk Perikanan (BPMPP) Makassar. Metode penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental yaitu fermentasi limbah ampas tahu dan isi perut ikan tongkol selama 4, 8 dan 12 hari dengan perbandingan 1:1 (isi perut ikan tongkol: ampas tahu). Hasil fermentasi kemudian dilakukan perhitungan koloni bakteri menggunakan ALT. Hasil penelitian ALT menunjukkan jumlah bakteri pada fermentasi ampas tahu dengan isi perut ikan tongkol yakni 3.7x106 koloni/g - 5.4x106 Koloni/g pada ikan kecil, 4.2x105 koloni/g - 22.3x105 koloni/g pada ikan sedang, dan 4.2x105 koloni/g - 22.3x105 koloni/g pada ikan besar. Bahwa waktu fermentasi ampas tahu dengan isi perut ikan tongkol berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan jumlah total bakteri. A B S T R A C T Feed is the main component with the most expensive cost in intensive fish farming. Therefore, it is necessary to look for cheap feed alternatives with simple technology to reduce feed operational costs. This study aims to determine the effective time required for fermentation of tofu waste and entrails of tuna krai (Auxis thazard) and to determine bacterial colonies. The research was carried out from June to July 2021 at the Makassar Fishery Product Quality Application Center. This research method is experimental, namely the fermentation of tofu waste and tuna entrails for 4, 8, and 12 days with a ratio of 1:1 (tofu dregs: tuna stomach contents). The results of the fermentation were then calculated using ALT. The results of the ALT study showed that the number of bacteria in tofu dregs fermentation with tuna stomach contents was 3.7x106 colonies/g - 5.4x106 Colonies/g in small fish, 4.2x105 colonies/g - 22.3x105 colonies/g in medium fish, and 4.2x105 colonies. /g - 22.3x105 colonies/g in large fish. That the fermentation time of tofu dregs with tuna stomach contents contributed to the increase in the total number of bacteria.

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Korczak-Abshire, Malgorzata, Jefferson T. Hinke, Gennadi Milinevsky, Mariana A. Juáres, and George M. Watters. "Coastal regions of the northern Antarctic Peninsula are key for gentoo populations." Biology Letters 17, no. 1 (January 2021): 20200708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0708.

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Southern Ocean ecosystems are rapidly changing due to climate variability. An apparent beneficiary of such change in the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is the gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papua , which has increased its population size and expanded its range southward in the last 20 years. To better understand how this species has responded to large-scale changes, we tracked individuals during the non-breeding winter period from five colonies across the latitudinal range of breeding sites in the WAP, including from a recently established colony. Results highlight latitudinal gradients in movement; strong associations with shallow, coastal habitats along the entire Antarctic Peninsula; and movements that are independent of, yet constrained by, sea ice. It is clear that coastal habitats essential to gentoo penguins during the breeding season are similarly critical during winter. Larger movements of birds from northern colonies in the WAP further suggest that leap-frog migration may influence colonization events by facilitating nest-area prospecting and use of new haul-out sites. Our results support efforts to develop a marine protected area around the WAP. Winter habitats used by gentoo penguins outline high priority areas for improving the management of the spatio-temporally concentrated krill ( Euphausia superba ) fishery that operates in this region during winter.

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Rosyadi, Susetyo Ilman, Eddy Afrianto, Achmad Rizal, and Rusky Intan Pratama. "ANALYSIS OF GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE AT HOME INDUSTRY FOR CATFISH FLOSS IN PURWOSARI, KEDIRI REGENCY." Berkala Perikanan Terubuk 47, no. 2 (November 14, 2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/terubuk.47.2.126-133.

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This study aims to study the application of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) at home industry for catfish floss in Purwosari, Kediri Regency. This research was conducted in May 2017, located in Purwosari Village Kandat Subdistrict Kediri Regency and Fisheries Processing Laboratory of Padjadjaran University. Laboratory testing was conducted at the Laboratory of Testing Services Faculty of Agricultural Industrial Technology Padjadjaran University and Laboratory of Control and Testing of Quality of Fishery Products of East Java. The method used is survey, by observing directly the flow of process for making catfish floss. Organoleptic testing with 20 semi-trained panelists. Based on the results of the research, the process of making catfish abon is the acceptance of materials, washing I, weeding, washing II, steaming, shredding, mixing, frying, slicing, packaging, storage and loading (no pressing process). Microbiological test (ALT Aerob: 1.7 x 102 Colonies / g, E. coli: <3 APM / g, Staphyloccocus aureus: <10 Colonies / g, Salmonella negative), chemical test (protein: 40.55% and air water: 4.83% ) and organoleptic test (7,2) according to SNI specification. Catfish floss is good in the specified quality specification, but there needs to be improvement in the processing process so that catfish floss can provide quality assurance and safety to the consumer.

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Clark, Bethany L., Freydís Vigfúsdóttir, Mark J. Jessopp, Julian M. Burgos, Thomas W. Bodey, and Stephen C. Votier. "Gannets are not attracted to fishing vessels in Iceland—potential influence of a discard ban and food availability." ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 692–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz233.

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Abstract Fisheries produce large amounts of waste, providing food subsidies for scavengers. Discards influence seabird movement, demography and community structure, but little is known about seabird–fishery interactions where discarding is banned. Here, we investigate how northern gannets Morus bassanus respond to fishing vessels in Iceland, where discarding commercial species is illegal, but birds may still access bait, offal, or catch. We GPS-tracked 82 foraging trips for 36 breeding gannets from two colonies (Skrúður and Hellisey) and obtained time-matched vessel locations. We classified bird behaviour using Hidden Markov Models and then tested the effect of vessel distance on behavioural state-switching using multi-state Markov models. Fishing vessels were present during 94% of foraging trips. However, the likelihood of gannets switching from travelling to foraging was unaffected by vessel proximity, regardless of gear type or activity. When encountering vessels, gannets rarely foraged but instead were more likely to continue travelling. When controlling for population size, gannet foraging trips at both colonies were shorter than expected, suggesting favourable conditions. The lack of behavioural responses to vessels among Icelandic gannets is likely driven by the discard ban and availability of pelagic fishes. Our findings have implications for understanding bycatch risk and the consequences of discard reforms.

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Damayanti, Windi, Emma Rochima, and Zahidah Hasan. "Application of Chitosan as Antibacterial for Pangasius Fillet at Low Temperature Storage." Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 19, no. 3 (December 29, 2016): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v19i3.14546.

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This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Fishery Products Processing, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. The purpose of this research is to obtain the optimal concentration of chitosan as an antibacterial material wich had the longest of storage period of pangasius fillet at low temperature storage (5-10oC). The method used is an experimental method with a completely randomized design, four treatments and three replications. Pangasius fillet was soaked with chitosan 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% for 3 minutes, then packed with styrofoam and plastic wrap and stored at low teperature. The observation were made on day 1st, 3rd, 5th, 6th ,7th, 9th,10th, 11th and 12th. The parameters observed total bacterial colonies, the degree of acidity (pH), weight loss, and antibacterial activity of chitosan using disc diffusion methods. The final conclusion is that the 2% chitosan is optimal concentration for pangasius fillet storage at a low temperature until day 11th, with a total 6.7 X105 cfu/g of bacterial colonies, pH 6.67 and total 6,78 % of weight loss.Chitosan also has a higher antibacterial capability against Escherichia coli (Gram negative bacteria) than Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis (Gram positive bacteria).

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Kimoto, Troy, Josie Roberts, Richard L. Westcott, Eduard Jendek, Matthias Buck, David Holden, and Philip D. Careless. "Colony distribution and prey diversity of Cerceris fumipennis (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) in British Columbia." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 46 (November 30, 2015): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.46.5644.

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Cercerisfumipennis Say, 1837 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) is a wasp that provisions its subterranean nests with jewel beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). At 3 newly discovered colonies in British Columbia (BC), Cercerisfumipennis prey were collected by excavating the subterranean nests, using sweep nets to capture paralyzed prey in the grasp of a female returning to her nest, or collecting prey discarded at the nest entrance. In total, 9 species were collected: Acmaeoderaidahoensis Barr, Agriluscrataegi Frost, Agrilusgranulatuspopuli Fisher, Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) caseyicaseyi Obenberger, Chrysobothrislaricis Van Dyke, Chrysobothrisleechi Barr, Phaenopsdrummondi (Kirby), Phaenopsgentilis (LeConte) and Phaenopsintrusa (Horn). Anthaxiacaseyicaseyi was the smallest beetle (4.2 mm) while Chrysobothrisleechi was the largest (12.0 mm). The average size of all buprestid prey taken by females from all 3 colonies was 8.8 mm. These represent the first prey records for Cercerisfumipennis in BC and with the exception of Phaenopsdrummondi are new prey records for this wasp. A single Harpalusaffinis (Schrank) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) was discovered within a brood cell containing Acmaeodera spp. elytra, but it is unclear if this beetle was placed in the cell by a female wasp.

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St. Georges, Darlene, and Barbara Bickel. "An Inspirited Artistic Co-Inquiry with Raw Energy." Art/Research International: A Transdisciplinary Journal 7, no. 1 (March 26, 2022): 210–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18432/ari29624.

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This is the first article of an in-process, creation-centred research project exploring raw energy through the authors’ distinctive and complementary inquiry practices of creation-centred research (St. Georges, 2020, in press) and spontaneous creation-making (Bickel, 2020; Bickel & Fisher, 1993). Raw energy, as conceived, is experienced as spirit-in-motion in a process of manifestation—of making the invisible visible—and is rooted in an intra)inter-relational aesthetic. This creation-centred inquiry is a relational and animated approach to creating, inquiry, learning, unlearning, and teaching. It resists the colonial lens by virtue of exploring inner subjective space, relinquishing colloquial aesthetic constraints, and enveloping a sacred space in which to restore, heal, and decolonize the imagination. Led by breath)spirit, touch, intuition, experiential and conversational exchanges, and compassionate relationships, creative lifeforce is activated to forge new ways of knowing—moving toward the extraordinary. This article engages with theoretical and explanatory text, visual and poetic storying, and interactive breath that invites the reader into this inquiring journey.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Colonial fishery'

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