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Matsyura, A. V. "МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ДИНАМИКИ ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ НЕКОТОРЫХ ОКОЛОВОДНЫХ ВИДОВ ПТИЦ ОСТРОВОВ СИВАША." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 2, no. 2 (October 15, 2012): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/20122_24.
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<p>The problem of the mathematical analysis of dynamics of number of key colonial breeding waterbirds regarding to the islands of region is considered. The algorithm of an estimation of changes in number of birds is offered in scope of specific features of colonies and habitats. The data of long-term monitoring of island birds’ number have been analyzed according to proposed algorithm. On the basis of analysis results the necessity of use of the statistical indexes expressing the tendencies of changes in bird number and bird turnover is proved. For the key species of island communities the tendencies of changes in number are determined within the limits of researched region. The discussed technique of a complex estimation of breeding island bird dynamics is offered for the use at drawing up the management plans and development of nature protection actions with the purpose of conservation of bird diversity and their habitats.</p> <p><em>Key words: colonial birds, islands, dynamics of number, complex estimation</em></p> <p> </p>
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Yarovyi, O., H. Yevchun, D. Pishniak, and I. Parnikoza. "Biogenic elements in terrestrial substrates, freshwater pools and subice seamples of the Argentine islands – Kyiv peninsula region, the Maritime Antarctic." Visnik ukrains'kogo tovaristva genetikiv i selekcioneriv 19, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2021): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/visnyk.utgis.19.1-2.1440.
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Aim. The aim was to estimate inflow of nitrogen and phosphorus to the terrestrial substrate, freshwater pools, as well as in the ice core and subglacial waters, from the sea-bird colonies, and locations of non-colonial flying birds, or individual colonial birds activity. Methods. The samples of substrates, fresh waters, ice cores and samples from the subglacial waters collected during the 25th (2019/20) and 26th (2020/21) Ukrainian Antarctic expeditions in the area of the Argentine Islands – Kyiv Peninsula were analyzed by selected indicators of ornithogenic impact – concentration of bioaviable forms of nitrogen and phosphorus. Results. The concentration for nitrogen and phosphorus are shown to be ornitogenic in samples from all explored locations. High concentrations of ornithogenic compounds were detected not only inflowing from birds colonies, in particular penguins, but also in samples without their influence. Conclusions. The obtained data confirm the high level of influence of both colonial and non-colonial birds on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems of the Argentine Islands-Kyiv Peninsula. It is shown that the edifying effect and inflow of significant amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus occurs not only in large penguin colonies, but also in single nesting or feeding and resting areas of non-colonial flying birds, or in the presence of individual colonial birds in the study area. However, in the locations of large penguin colonies, easily disolved bioavailable forms of nitrogen and phosphorus are found in much higher, hypertrophic concentrations. Relatively low concentrations of nutrients are currently found only in areas that have recently been released from the glacier and remain uninhabited, unattractive or inaccessible to birds. Such locations are currently marked only on the coast of the Kyiv Peninsula and are associated with the recent retreat of local glaciers. In case of the presence of penguins or the activity of non-colonial or individual colonial birds, all studied freshwater pools were eutrophied to varying extend. The dynamics of organic matter inflow to some of the studied freshwater pools of the region probably indicates the permanent eutrophication. Studies of the ice core of the Galindez Island Glacier and subglacial freshwaters have shown that ornithogenic effects have been observed here for a long time.Key words: eutrophication, seabirds, the Antarctic, substrates, freshwater pools.
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Lamekhov, Yuri Gennadievich. "Duration of colonial bird species egg incubation." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201871111.
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The paper deals with one of the aspects of bird early ontogenesis biology - egg incubation duration, which was defined as the time interval between egg laying and hatching from it. The oomorphological parameters are determined taking into account the ordinal number of the laid eggs. Parameters of early ontogeny of birds are studied on the example of colonially nesting species: blackberry toadstool ( Podiceps nigricollis C.L. Brehm.) and lake gull ( Larus ridibundus L.). Within the colonial settlement of these species, the biological center and the periphery of the colony were isolated. When studying the parameters of early ontogeny of birds and oomorphological characteristics, the same number of eggs was taken into account. During field and laboratory studies it was found that the incubation of eggs lasts longer in eggs from the nests of the biological center of the colony. The first eggs are incubated longer. These features clearly manifested in the early ontogeny of the gull. The increase in the egg incubation duration occurs against the background of an increase in their mass and a decrease in the concentration of lysozyme in the protein shell of the egg. Egg incubation duration is one of the results of embryonalization as a way of evolution of ontogeny. The manifestation of the results of embryogenesis was revealed for the first eggs in the nests of the biological center of the colony. Embryonalization leads to an increase in egg incubation duration as well as to a decrease in the intensity of elimination in early ontogenesis, which affects the number of individuals breeding in the colony and, accordingly, the structure of the colonial settlement of birds.
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Matsyura, О. V., and М. V. Matsyura. "ФАКТОРИ, ЩО ОБУМОВЛЮЮТЬ РОЗПОДІЛ КОЛОНІАЛЬНИХ ПТАХІВ РОДИНИ LARIDAE НА ОСТРОВАХ." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 1, no. 01 (April 5, 2011): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/20111_14.
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<p>The analysis of the main factors, which specify the spreading of colonial Laridae to the islands of Azov and Black Sea region, is presented. The influence of the anthropogenic pressure and the interspecific interrelations on the island bird communities is considered. The basic directions of anthropogenic influence on island birds were determined. The analysis of mutual breeding of island birds was performed.</p> <p><em>Key words: island, bird communities, anthropogenic pressure, interspecific interrelations, analysis. </em></p>
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Rose, Paul. "Observation of an Attempted Forced Copulation within a Captive Flock of Greater Flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus)." Birds 3, no. 4 (November 15, 2022): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds3040025.
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Flamingos (Phoenicopteriformes) are obligate colonial species that nest in large colonies, with monogamous pairs rearing a single chick following a synchronised group courtship display. Within this relatively simplistic behavioural description, deviations from these social and reproductive norms are apparent. Same sex pairings, multi-bird relationships and extra pair copulations are documented in the literature. Flamingos display highly sexually selected characteristics of plumage colour, carotenoid accumulation and diversity of display movements that underpin mate choice decisions. The brightest birds in best body condition are more successful at breeding. Therefore, documented mate guarding of female birds by male partners, is a relevant response to maximise investment in a pair bond. Limited information that describes the action of forced copulation by the male flamingo and the response of the female bird is available in the literature. This paper describes an occurrence of an attempted forced copulation by an older male Greater Flamingo to a younger female bird. Such behaviour may be an artefact of the captive environment, and limited mate choice when compared to the sizes of wild flocks, or it could be regularly apparent in the wild and therefore worthy of more scrutiny and empirical study.
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Caplan, Allison, James M. Maley, and John E. McCormack. "Bridging Biology and Ethnohistory: A Case for Collaboration." Ethnohistory 67, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 355–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-8266379.
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Abstract Interdisciplinary scholarship that combines research questions and methodologies from biology and ethnohistory generates new insights into historical interactions between human and bird populations in ancient and colonial Mesoamerica. Codices, ethnohistorical sources, and surviving feather art point to the religious, economic, and artistic importance of various types of birds to Nahua people. Alongside the well-known resplendent quetzal and lovely cotinga, many additional species were significant to ancient and colonial Nahuas. This article presents potential directions for scholarship that bridge biology and ethnohistory and surveys key resources, including natural history collections and online databases. Finally, the article employs the biological literature to describe eleven bird species of great importance to Nahuas, detailing the species’ appearance and plumage, geographic range, variation, habitat, behaviors, and current status. Ultimately, the article demonstrates how insights from natural history and ethnohistory together allow for a fuller understanding of Nahuas’ material and conceptual interactions with these birds.
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Brown, Charles R., and Mary Bomberger Brown. "Ectoparasitism shortens the breeding season in a colonial bird." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 2 (February 2015): 140508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140508.
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When blood-feeding parasites increase seasonally, their deleterious effects may prevent some host species, especially those living in large groups where parasites are numerous, from reproducing later in the summer. Yet the role of parasites in regulating the length of a host's breeding season—and thus the host's opportunity for multiple brooding—has not been systematically investigated. The highly colonial cliff swallow ( Petrochelidon pyrrhonota ), a temperate-latitude migratory songbird in the western Great Plains, USA, typically has a relatively short (eight to nine week) breeding season, with birds rarely nesting late in the summer. Colonies at which ectoparasitic swallow bugs ( Oeciacus vicarius ) were experimentally removed by fumigation were over 45 times more likely to have birds undertake a second round of nesting than were colonies exposed to parasites. Late nesting approximately doubled the length of the breeding season, with some birds raising two broods. Over a 27 year period the percentage of birds engaging in late nesting each year increased at a colony site where parasites were removed annually. This trend could not be explained by changes in group size, climate or nesting phenology during the study. The results suggest that ectoparasitism shortens the cliff swallow's breeding season and probably prevents many individuals from multiple brooding. When this constraint is removed, selection may rapidly favour late nesting.
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Lamekhov, Yuri Gennadievich, Marina Anatolyevna Bulanova, and Elena Anatolyevna Lamekhova. "General characteristics of the intensity of elimination in the early ontogenesis of colonial bird species." Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021102107.
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This paper examines the rate of elimination in the early ontogeny of colonial bird species. The research objects were colonial nesting species - black-necked gull ( Larus ridibundus L.) and black-necked grebe ( Podiceps nigricollis C.L. Brehm), which form monospecific and poly-species colonial settlements. The rate of elimination was determined taking into account the stage of completion of the clutch, as well as the position of the nest in the structure of the colonial settlement: in the biological center or at the periphery of the colony. The nesting life of colonially nesting species was studied according to the generally accepted method, taking into account the choice of a place for building a nest by birds, the morphology of the nest, the intensity of oviposition and other characteristics. In the course of many years of research 3 types of nest placement within the colony have been identified. The maximum elimination rate has been proven for fixing the nest on the floodplain of common reed. The minimum rate of elimination was found for black-headed gull nests built on the fold of common reed ( Phragmites australis ) and narrow-leaved cattail ( Typha angustifolia ). Near-nesting vegetation is located around the nests of black-necked gull and black-necked grebe. The variant of placing vegetation around the nest prevails. Less common are options in which vegetation is located on one side. Observations have not revealed a relationship between the rate of elimination and the nature of the distribution of vegetation around the nest. The authors have compared the rate of elimination of black-headed gull nests located in the biological center and at the periphery of the colony. Elimination is possible both during the laying of the first egg and after the end of the clutch. Observations have shown that the rate of elimination is higher for nests from the periphery of the colony, which may be associated with differences in the size of the nests, the rate of their construction, as well as with the behavior of birds incubating eggs. The maximum rate of elimination of nests and eggs at the periphery of the colony is also manifested in the early ontogenesis of the black-necked grebe. The intensity of elimination and the forms of its manifestation affect the structure of the colonial settlement of birds and characterize the level of individual and group adaptation of birds to the conditions in which the nesting period takes place.
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Evans, Allen F., Quinn Payton, Nathan J. Hostetter, Ken Collis, Bradley M. Cramer, and Daniel D. Roby. "Cumulative effects of piscivorous colonial waterbirds on juvenile salmonids: A multi predator-prey species evaluation." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): e0272875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272875.
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We investigated the cumulative effects of predation by piscivorous colonial waterbirds on the survival of multiple salmonid (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) and determined what proportion of all sources of fish mortality (1 –survival) were due to birds in the Columbia River basin, USA. Anadromous juvenile salmonids (smolts) were exposed to predation by Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia), double-crested cormorants (Nannopterum auritum), California gulls (Larus californicus), and ring-billed gulls (L. delawarensis), birds known to consume both live and dead fish. Avian consumption and survival probabilities (proportion of available fish consumed or alive) were estimated for steelhead trout (O. mykiss), yearling Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), sub-yearling Chinook salmon, and sockeye salmon (O. nerka) during out-migration from the lower Snake River to the Pacific Ocean during an 11-year study period (2008–2018). Results indicated that probabilities of avian consumption varied greatly across salmonid populations, bird species, colony location, river reach, and year. Cumulative consumption probabilities (consumption by birds from all colonies combined) were consistently the highest for steelhead, with annual estimates ranging from 0.22 (95% credible interval = 0.20–0.26) to 0.51 (0.43–0.60) of available smolts. The cumulative effects of avian consumption were significantly lower for yearling and sub-yearling Chinook salmon, with consumption probabilities ranging annually from 0.04 (0.02–0.07) to 0.10 (0.07–0.15) and from 0.06 (0.3–0.09) to 0.15 (0.10–0.23), respectively. Avian consumption probabilities for sockeye salmon smolts was generally higher than for Chinook salmon smolts, but lower than for steelhead smolts, ranging annually from 0.08 (0.03–0.22) to 0.25 (0.14–0.44). Although annual consumption probabilities for birds from certain colonies were more than 0.20 of available smolts, probabilities from other colonies were less than 0.01 of available smolts, indicating that not all colonies of birds posed a substantial risk to smolt mortality. Consumption probabilities were lowest for small colonies and for colonies located a considerable distance from the Snake and Columbia rivers. Total mortality attributed to avian consumption was relatively small for Chinook salmon (less than 10%) but was the single greatest source of mortality for steelhead (greater than 50%) in all years evaluated. Results suggest that the potential benefits to salmonid populations of managing birds to reduce smolt mortality would vary widely depending on the salmonid population, the species of bird, and the size and location of the breeding colony.
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Massaro, M., DG Ainley, JA Santora, P. Quillfeldt, A. Lescroël, A. Whitehead, A. Varsani, G. Ballard, and O’B Lyver P. "Diet segregation in Adélie penguins: some individuals attempt to overcome colony-induced and annual foraging challenges." Marine Ecology Progress Series 645 (July 9, 2020): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13370.
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Intraspecific competition for food can be especially high in colonial breeding seabirds. To minimize colony-induced or annual foraging challenges, diet may vary among individuals, but few studies have simultaneously investigated the effects of both extrinsic conditions (e.g. colony or year effects) and parameters of an individual (e.g. sex, age or individual quality) on diet in seabirds. Using stable isotope analyses, we studied the diet of 214 Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae of known sex, age and breeding quality, nesting in 2 colonies on Ross Island, Antarctica, over 3 breeding seasons. During the study, δ15N and δ13C isotope values were lower in penguins breeding at Cape Crozier compared to those at Cape Bird, revealing a difference in prey proportions. Cape Bird penguins were estimated to consistently consume more energy-rich silverfish Pleuragramma antarctica, while birds at Cape Crozier ate more crystal krill Euphausia crystallorophias. We also found inter-annual differences in diet, with a higher dietary fish proportion in both colonies during 2011. Males had significantly higher δ15N values, indicating a higher fish consumption than females. This sexual segregation in diet was particularly pronounced at Cape Bird, where the overall isotopic niche was wider than at Cape Crozier. Differences in diet among adults of varying ages only existed at Cape Bird, where middle-aged penguins consumed more fish than old and young penguins. This study provides evidence that Adélie penguin diet is largely driven by annual, seasonal and local abundances of prey, with only some individuals selectively foraging for more nutritional prey if prey choices are present.
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Matsyura, M. V., D. V. Zhdanova, and O. V. Matsyura. "СТІЙКІСТЬ СТРУКТУРИ ВИДОВОГО РІЗНОМАНІТТЯ ОСТРІВНИХ УГРУПОВАНЬ ПТАХІВ." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 3, no. 02 (August 31, 2013): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/20133_35.
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<p>Suggested approach is based on estimation of biodiversity stability that includes quality changes of diversity and number dynamics of bird species in the communities. We took the data from some model islands of Central, Eastern, and Western Sivash; Obitochniy Bay and Molochniy Estuary (Azov Sea basin). We used parameters from island bird communities of colonial breeding waterfowl. The results of analysis suggested that biodiversity stability correlated with biodiversity indices and species evenness index.</p> <p><em>Key words: species diversity, stability, birds, communities.</em></p> <p><strong> </strong></p>
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Blumstein, Daniel T., Douglas R. Mcclain, Carrie De Jesus, and Gustavo Alarcón-Nieto. "Breeding bird density does not drive vocal individuality." Current Zoology 58, no. 5 (October 1, 2012): 765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/58.5.765.
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Abstract Many species produce individually specific vocalizations and sociality is a hypothesized driver of such individuality. Previous studies of how social variation influenced individuality focused on colonial or non-colonial avian species, and how social group size influenced individuality in sciurid rodents. Since sociality is an important driver of individuality, we expected that bird species that defend nesting territories in higher density neighborhoods should have more individually-distinctive calls than those that defend nesting territories in lower-density neighborhoods. We used Beecher’s information statistic to quantify individuality, and we examined the relationship between bird density (calculated with point-counts) and vocal individuality on seven species of passerines. We found non-significant relationships between breeding bird density and vocal individuality whether regressions were fitted on species values, or on phylogenetically-independent contrast values. From these results, we infer that while individuality may be explained by social factors, breeding bird density is unlikely to be generally important in driving the evolution of individually-specific vocalizations.
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Mel’nikov, Yu I. "Colonial Larids (Charadriiformes): Breeding Synchrony and Determination of its Level." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Biology. Ecology 33 (2020): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3372.2020.33.3.
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Based on many years of research (1972–2018) on the biology, ecology, and behavior of gull birds, whose membership in colonial species is not in doubt, the features of the specific phenomenon of the colony – high reproduction synchronization – are examined. It consists in a very short period of mass egg laying (in small colonies 2-3, and very rarely 4 days), but at this time the main number of birds forming the colony begins to nest. It was shown that this trait varies quite significantly depending on its size and is most strongly and clearly expressed in small colonies. The latter is due to the fact that large colonies are formed from small ones, often differing in terms of reproduction. As a result, the seasonal breeding cycle of a large colony often covers the entire nesting period characteristic of a particular species. The features of synchronizing the breeding of birds in colonies as one of its main characteristics are considered in detail. The factors that most determine the degree of synchronization of reproduction of birds in colonies of different sizes were identified: a) the size of the colony and the total duration of egg laying, b) the size of the colony and the duration of mass egg laying, c) the size of the colony and the proportion of birds that formed clutches during the period of mass reproduction, d) the duration of the mass egg laying and the proportion of birds that formed the clutches during this period. The correlation relationships between all these signs of the colony are calculated. Of all the factors considered by us, the two most characteristic for the period of mass nesting of colonial birds are detected immediately and very simply. All colonies differ well in the length of the period of mass breeding and in the proportion of birds that started to nest at that time. These are interrelated factors, but the degree of their correlation is relatively small and they determine the level of synchronization of breeding birds in the colony. With an increase in the proportion of birds that formed clutches during the period of mass reproduction and a decrease in time of this period (mass egg laying), the synchronization of reproduction of birds in the colony increases. An ideal relationship between the level of synchronization and these factors - the entire colony is formed in one day. The case is quite rare, but, nevertheless, constantly found in small colonies of all species of gull birds. Since the index is always a relative indicator, and almost all of the signs that we have examined are related to the size of the colony, it is precisely it that should be included in the developed comprehensive indicator. Based on them, a special index has been developed and proposed for use, which allows us to assess the level of synchronization of bird breeding in colonies, nesting clusters and aggregations – Isr (breeding synchronization index). As a result of our work, this index has the following form: Isr = √(n / l) / N, 0 ≤ Isr ≤ 1, where: n is the number of clutches formed during the period of mass breeding of birds, in item (by the date of laying the first egg in the nest); l – the duration of the period of mass egg-laying, day and night (accurate to tenths); N is the size of the colony (number of nests or pairs); Isr is the synchronization index. The essence of this indicator can be formulated as follows: the index of reproduction synchronization, as a relative indicator indicates how many nests in the average are formed during one day of mass egg laying, depending on its duration and the size of a particular colony. Extraction of the square root increases the obtained value, sometimes very small (in very large colonies), which greatly facilitates the use of this index and improves its perception. The maximum estimate of the level of synchronization of breeding birds in the colony tends to 1.0 and sometimes reaches this value. The minimum value of this indicator tends to 0, but is unlikely to reach it. In any case, our minimum estimates of the level of synchronization of the entire breeding season of birds in a very large colony (about 5.0 thousand nests) did not fall below 0.05. Comparison of the results of his calculation with actual observational data shows that he clearly responds to changes in colony parameters used to determine the level of egg laying synchronization and its other reproductive indicators. In addition, according to the results of statistical analysis, its high relationship with the main reproductive parameters of the colonies was established, which allows us to consider the synchronization index as one of the most important and promising relative indicators. Its use allows us to discover new, still very poorly studied relationships of various parameters of the reproductive processes of colonial bird species with environmental factors.
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Frink, Lynne, and Curtiss J. Clumpner. "WILDLIFE RESPONSE: COLONIAL PIPELINE SPILL." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 861–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-861.
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ABSTRACT Tri-State Bird Rescue and Research was contracted to manage the wildlife response following a discharge of 340,000 gallons of No. 2 diesel fuel into Sugarland Creek in Fairfax County, Virginia, on March 28, 1993. A wildlife stabilization team was sent to Virginia to establish an on-site medical stabilization facility for affected animals, which were then transferred to Tri-State's oil spill rehabilitation facility in Delaware. Treating some of the less-frequently (nonavian) oiled wild animals, including turtles and beavers, presented challenges. Colleague participation and interagency coordination were both important.
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DEY, Kamala, Tapas K. DUTTA, and Rajendra P. MONDAL. "Avifaunal diversity and ecotourism opportunities: A case study from Barachaka tribal village of Bankura, West Bengal, India." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 13, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 10963. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb13210963.
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Ethnic people throughout the globe are engaged in the conservation of biodiversity. The objective of this study was to measure the avifaunal diversity in heterogeneous forest and paddy fields surrounding the Barachaka tribal village of West Bengal, India and the prospect of development of ecotourism spot in this area. The study was conducted during June and July of 2019 and 2020. A total of 47 bird species belonging to 27 families were identified and recorded during the span of study. Among these bird species, Asian open bill stork (Anastomus oscitans) is predominant in the heterogeneous forest of this village and they usually used this place as a breeding ground during the rainy season. The study reveals that the safety and food security provided by the villagers encourage these birds to prepare colonial nests in trees very near to the human habitation. Shannon-Wiener diversity index value was recorded 2.49 within village forest and 2.33 in the paddy field during June 2019 and July 2019 and 2.62 within village forest and 2.47 in the paddy field during June 2020 and July 2020. Results obtained from the questionnaire survey revealed that tribal people of this village are directly attached to bird conservation in their area and these tribal people protect the bird generation after generation through their traditional knowledge. The community-based bird monitoring programs may protect birds as well as wildlife and encourage researchers who may gather scientific knowledge from these ethnic people. The village under study has the prospective to develop into a good bird watching site, where bird lovers may watch the birds in nature and thereby helping the socio-economic development of the tribal people of this village.
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Taylor, Luke. "Landmark Colombian bird study repeated to right colonial-era wrongs." Nature 601, no. 7892 (January 11, 2022): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-03527-x.
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Møller, A. P., L. Atkin, and T. R. Birkhead. "Copulation Behaviour of Birds." Behaviour 101, no. 1-3 (1987): 101–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853987x00396.
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AbstractInter-specific variation in copulation behaviour among birds is described. The following factors explaining variation in copulation rate are examined: (i) the number of eggs which have to be fertilized (the fertilization hypothesis), (ii) the importance of the pair-bond (the social bond hypothesis), (iii) predation risk during copulation (the predation hypothesis), and (iv) cuckoldry risk (the sperm competition hypothesis). These hypotheses were investigated in preliminary analyses at the generic level using data on copulation behaviour in 131 bird species. The sperm competition hypothesis was supported by several lines of evidence: (i) frequent copulations among genera where males are not able to guard their mates (colonial birds, diurnal birds of prey, and owls), (ii) frequent copulations in polyandrous genera, (iii) copulations inside hole-nests of colonial birds but outside the hole-nests of solitarily nesting genera, and (iv) by the occurrence of forced pair copulations following extra-pair copulation in some species. The predation and social bond hypotheses were not totally dismissed, but there was no evidence that fertilization ability was limited by copulation frequency (i.e. the fertilization hypothesis).
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Park, Joohyun Jade. "MISSING LINK FOUND, 1880: THE RHETORIC OF COLONIAL PROGRESS IN ISABELLA BIRD’SUNBEATEN TRACKS IN JAPAN." Victorian Literature and Culture 43, no. 2 (February 25, 2015): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150314000606.
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InUnbeaten Tracks in Japan(1880), Isabella Bird, one of the most celebrated travel writers of her time and the first female member of the Royal Geographical Society, asserts that she has found “the ‘MISSING LINK’” in the deep interior of Japan, on the island of Hokkaido (270). According to Bird, a wizened individual barely resembling man sits “crouched” in front of a disheveled hut, showing no “signs of intelligence” (270). In fact, this “missing link” Bird purports to have discovered was one of the Ainu, the native people of Hokkaido, who suffered the consequences of Japanese developmental schemes. Bird's identification of the forlorn figure as the “missing link,” an anachronistic being that lacks history and culture, is puzzling, as she encounters this haggard man after having already spent several days with the Ainu in Biratory, a small village in Hokkaido. During her stay, the Ainu villagers constantly speak of the strained relationship between themselves and the Japanese, as well as their discontent at Japanese prohibitions on Ainu traditions. In other words, they divulge the oppressiveness of Japan's so-called “modernizing” regulations and policies, and they attempt to inform their visitor of the history between the two conflicting peoples. However, their efforts seem to be lost on Bird. Rather than interpret the Ainu individual's ruined body as a corporeal text on which the history of colonial violence and exclusion is imprinted, Bird judges the man's beastly existence to be the evidence of his people's inferiority.
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Angehr, George R., and James A. Kushlan. "Seabird and Colonial Wading Bird Nesting in the Gulf of Panama." Waterbirds 30, no. 3 (September 2007): 335–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0335:sacwbn]2.0.co;2.
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Ogden, John C., and Betsy Trent Thomas. "A Colonial Wading Bird Survey in the Central Llanos of Venezuela." Colonial Waterbirds 8, no. 1 (1985): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1521191.
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Gameiro, João, Aldina M. A. Franco, Teresa Catry, Jorge M. Palmeirim, and Inês Catry. "Antipredator benefits of heterospecific colonial breeding for a predominantly solitary bird." Animal Behaviour 189 (July 2022): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.05.005.
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Brown, Charles R., and Mary Bomberger Brown. "EMPIRICAL MEASUREMENT OF PARASITE TRANSMISSION BETWEEN GROUPS IN A COLONIAL BIRD." Ecology 85, no. 6 (June 2004): 1619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/03-0206.
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Serrano, David, and José L. Tella. "Lifetime fitness correlates of natal dispersal distance in a colonial bird." Journal of Animal Ecology 81, no. 1 (June 6, 2011): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01878.x.
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Brown, C. R., and M. B. Brown. "Heritable basis for choice of group size in a colonial bird." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97, no. 26 (December 19, 2000): 14825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.26.14825.
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Gyurácz, József, Károly Nagy, Tibor István Fuisz, Zsolt Karcza, and Tibor Szép. "European Bee-eater (Merops apiaster Linnaeus, 1758) in Hungary: a review." Ornis Hungarica 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2014-0001.
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Abstract The European Bee-eater (Merops apiaster Linnaeus, 1758) is known as ‛beekeeper bird’ and an effective ecosystem engineer species. The fact that in 2013 it became ‛The Bird of the Year’ in Hungary offers the possibility to summarise the information about the distribution, population size, breeding and feeding ecology, dispersion, migration, intra- and interspecific relationships as well as the nature conservation status of the bee-eater population breeding in Hungary. Though this review focuses on the Hungarian population trends, but also summarises the major research results from other countries. In the period of 1992-2013, the number of breeding pairs were surveyed in 5897 2.5×2.5 km UTM squares in the frame of the Monitoring of Rare and Colonial Breeding Birds programme. In the surveyed area during the period of 1992-2013, the most accurate estimate suggests a 10600-19600 breeding pair population. The larger nesting colonies were observed in the following regions: Zala Hills, Outer Somogy, Gerecse, Velencei Hills, Mezőföld, Gödöllő Hills, Tápió, Bükkalja, Taktaköz, Körös region. The annual population indices showed marked fluctuation with stable long term population trend in Hungary. The national monitoring and protection project of the European Bee-eater revealed the most important factors endangering the nesting populations, these are weed invasion and the collapse of vertical banks, mining carried out in the nesting period and direct human-caused disturbance (e.g. shooting, tourism).
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Irigoin-Lovera, Cinthia, Diana M. Luna, Diego A. Acosta, and Carlos B. Zavalaga. "Response of colonial Peruvian guano birds to flying UAVs: effects and feasibility for implementing new population monitoring methods." PeerJ 7 (December 11, 2019): e8129. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8129.
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Background Drones are reliable tools for estimating colonial seabird numbers. Although most research has focused on methods of improving the accuracy of bird counts, few studies have evaluated the impacts of these methods on bird behavior. In this study, we examined the effects of the DJI Phantom 3 drone approach (altitude, horizontal and vertical descent speeds) on changes in the intensity of behavioral response of guano birds: guanay cormorants (Phalacrocorax bougainvilli), Peruvian boobies (Sula variegata) and Peruvian pelicans (Pelecanus thagus). The breeding and non-breeding condition was also evaluated. Methods Eleven locations along the Peruvian coast were visited in 2016–2017. Drone flight tests considered an altitude range from 5 to 80 m from the colony level, a horizontal speed range from 0.5 to 15 m/s, and a vertical descent speed range from 0.5 to 3 m/s. The intensity of the behavioral response of birds was scored and categorized as: 0-no reacting, 1-head pointing to the drone (HP), 2-wing flapping (WF), 3-walking/running (WR) and 4-taking-off/flying (TK). Drone noise at specific altitudes was recorded with a sound meter close to the colony to discriminate visual from auditory effects of the drone. Results In 74% of all test flights (N = 507), guano birds did not react to the presence of the drone, whereas in the remaining flights, birds showed a sign of discomfort: HP (47.7%, N = 130), WF (18.5%), WR (16.9%) and TK (16.9%). For the drone approach tests, only flight altitude had a significant effect in the intensity of the behavioral response of guano birds (intensity behavioral response <2). No birds reacted at drone altitudes above 50 m from the colony. Birds, for all species either in breeding or non-breeding condition, reacted more often at altitudes of 5 and 10 m. Chick-rearing cormorants and pelicans were less sensitive than their non-breeding counterparts in the range of 5–30 m of drone altitude, but boobies reacted similarly irrespective of their condition. At 5 m above the colony, cormorants were more sensitive to the drone presence than the other two species. Horizontal and vertical flights at different speeds had negligible effects (intensity behavioral response <1). At 2 m above the ground, the noise of the cormorant colony was in average 71.34 ± 4.05 dB (N = 420). No significant differences were observed in the drone noise at different flight altitudes because the background noise of the colony was as loud as the drone. Conclusions It is feasible to use the drone DJI Phantom 3 for surveys on the guano islands of Peru. We recommend performing drone flights at altitudes greater than 50 m from guano bird colonies and to select take-off spots far from gulls. Likewise, this study provides a first step to develop guidelines and protocols of drone use for other potential activities on the Peruvian guano islands and headlands such as surveys of other seabirds and pinnipeds, filming and surveillance.
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Ionescu, Dan Traian, Călin Vasile Hodor, and Ion Cătălin Petritan. "Artificial Wetlands as Breeding Habitats for Colonial Waterbirds within Central Romania." Diversity 12, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12100371.
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The historical loss of natural wetlands in Romania is significant. The building of lakes, ponds, and dams has compensated for some of these losses, as was the case in the study area, the artificial wetlands designated as the Natura 2000 (special protection area, SPA) and Ramsar sites. In this context, to evaluate the conservation status of colonial waterbirds (cormorants, herons, and egrets), we analyzed actual distributions, habitat selection, features, and population sizes. Standardized counting of colonial species was used, supplemented by nest counting and colony-area estimation during winter, and drone footage. All species and their colonies were built in artificial or anthropically influenced habitats. Concerning distribution and population sizes, Phalacrocorax carbo and Microcarbo pygmeus were found to nest only in central Romania. The pair numbers of Ardea alba, Ardea purpurea, Ardea cinerea, and Nycticorax nycticorax in the area exceeded 1% of the national minimum breeding population. There was a statistically significant positive trend of breeding populations for Ardea alba, Nycticorax nycticorax, and Egretta garzetta. In conclusion, these artificial wetlands offer optimal breeding conditions for a relatively large diversity of colonial bird species over areas that are not very large.
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Boulinier, Thierry, Karen D. McCoy, Nigel G. Yoccoz, Julien Gasparini, and Torkild Tveraa. "Public information affects breeding dispersal in a colonial bird: kittiwakes cue on neighbours." Biology Letters 4, no. 5 (July 22, 2008): 538–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0291.
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Habitat selection and dispersal behaviour are key processes in evolutionary ecology. Recent studies have suggested that individuals may use the reproductive performance of conspecifics as a source of public information on breeding patch quality for dispersal decisions, but experimental evidence is still limited for species breeding in aggregates, i.e. colonial species. We addressed this issue by manipulating the local breeding success of marked individuals and that of their neighbours on a series of breeding patches of a colonial seabird, the black-legged kittiwake ( Rissa tridactyla ). Based on previous observations in this species, we predicted that individuals that lost their eggs on successful patches would attend their nest and come back to it the year after at a higher rate than individuals that lost their eggs on patches where their neighbours were also in failure. As predicted, the attendance of breeders and prospectors was strongly affected by the local level of breeding success, resulting in differential site fidelity and recruitment. This suggests that individuals used information conveyed by conspecific breeding performance to make decisions relative to breeding site selection. This process can amplify the response of these populations to environmental change and may have contributed to the evolution of colonial breeding.
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Kim, Sin-Yeon, Roxana Torres, and Hugh Drummond. "Simultaneous positive and negative density-dependent dispersal in a colonial bird species." Ecology 90, no. 1 (January 2009): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-0133.1.
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Møller, Anders P., Gabor Á. Czirjak, and Philipp Heeb. "Feather micro-organisms and uropygial antimicrobial defences in a colonial passerine bird." Functional Ecology 23, no. 6 (June 26, 2009): 1097–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01594.x.
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Ramos, Alejandra G., Schyler O. Nunziata, Stacey L. Lance, Cristina Rodríguez, Brant C. Faircloth, Patricia Adair Gowaty, and Hugh Drummond. "Habitat structure and colony structure constrain extrapair paternity in a colonial bird." Animal Behaviour 95 (September 2014): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.07.003.
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Matsyura, О. V. "КОМПЛЕКСНА ОЦІНКА ДИНАМІКИ ЧИСЕЛЬНОСТІ УГРУПОВАНЬ КОЛОНІАЛЬНИХ НАВКОЛОВОДНИХ ПТАХІВ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ДЕЯКИХ ОСТРОВІВ СИВАШУ)." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 1, no. 3 (December 25, 2011): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/20111_38.
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<p>The problem of the mathematical analysis of the number dynamics of the nesting waterbirds for the islands of the south of Ukraine is examined. The algorithm of the evaluation of changes in the number of island birds is proposed. Data of the long-term monitoring of the number of birds were analyzed according to this algorithm. The necessity of the implementation of the statistical indices together with the graphic representation of island birds’ turnover is proved. The trends of population dynamics are determined for the key species. The discussed procedure of the complex evaluation is proposed for the management planning of the island bird species and their habitats.</p> <p>The performed analysis of the number dynamics of the key-stone breeding island birds showed that, with the exception of little tern, the population status and the prognosis of number are sufficiently favorable. From the data of long-term monitoring we came up with the conclusion about the existence of island habitats with carrying capacity to maintain the additional number of breeding birds. In the case of unfavorable conditions like strengthening of anthropogenic press, concurrent interrelations, deficiency of feed resources or drastic reduction of breeding biotopes, the birds due to turnover are capable to successfully react even without reducing their number and breeding success. The extinction rate of the breeding bird species from the island sites directly correlates with the number of breeding species. For the species with equal abundance, the extinction probability is higher for birds, whose numbers are unstable and characterized by significant fluctuations. This testifies the urgency of the constant monitoring and analysis of the number dynamics of breeding bird species in region.</p> <p>The suggested procedure of analysis is recommended for drawing up of management plans and performing of prognoses of number of breeding island bird species. More detail analysis with use of quantitative data on breeding birds will be the next step of the study of the island birds’ turnover. The results of the analysis of population dynamics assist to count the minimal population size for the colonization of new islands and stable existence of bird communities. Detailed analysis will allow to estimate the effect of competition on population and to determine the competitive variability inside and between the species breeding on islands.</p> <p><em>Key words: Ukraine, colonial waterbirds, islands, dynamics of number, analysis</em></p> <p> </p>
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Tanaka, Kohei, Yoshitsugu Kobayashi, Darla K. Zelenitsky, François Therrien, Yuong-Nam Lee, Rinchen Barsbold, Katsuhiro Kubota, Hang-Jae Lee, Tsogtbaatar Chinzorig, and Damdinsuren Idersaikhan. "Exceptional preservation of a Late Cretaceous dinosaur nesting site from Mongolia reveals colonial nesting behavior in a non-avian theropod." Geology 47, no. 9 (July 5, 2019): 843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46328.1.
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Abstract Colonial nesting behavior has been inferred in a variety of non-avian dinosaurs based on high concentrations of nests preserved in an area, but sedimentologic and taphonomic evidence demonstrating the contemporaneity of the nests is often lacking. A new nesting site discovered in the Upper Cretaceous Javkhlant Formation of the eastern Gobi Desert, Mongolia, preserves at least 15 egg clutches laid by a probable non-avian theropod, and provides strong evidence for colonial nesting in a non-avian dinosaur. The occurrence of the clutches at the top of a common paleosurface, the distribution of eggshell fragments within clutches, the presence of a consistent two-layer sediment infill within eggs, and a thin marker lithologic unit blanketing all the clutches indicate the clutches were laid and hatched in a single nesting season. Despite the absence of sedimentologic evidence indicative of nest structure, statistical analyses of egg characteristics and facies association reveal the clutches were likely incubated in covered or buried nests. Based on the number of hatched clutches, the hatching success rate of the colony was high (60%), similar to that of extant crocodylian populations and bird species that attend and/or protect their nests during the incubation period, which indicates nest attendance behavior in the Javkhlant theropods. Thus, colonial nesting with parental attendance, widespread in extant birds, likely evolved initially among non-brooding, non-avian dinosaurs to increase nesting success.
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Boulinier, Thierry, Etienne Danchin, Jean-Yves Monnat, Claire Doutrelant, and Bernard Cadiou. "Timing of Prospecting and the Value of Information in a Colonial Breeding Bird." Journal of Avian Biology 27, no. 3 (September 1996): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3677230.
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Boland, Christopher R. J. "BREEDING BIOLOGY OF RAINBOW BEE-EATERS (MEROPS ORNATUS): A MIGRATORY, COLONIAL, COOPERATIVE BIRD." Auk 121, no. 3 (2004): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0811:bborbm]2.0.co;2.
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Brown, Charles R., and Mary Bomberger Brown. "Ectoparasites cause increased bilateral asymmetry of naturally selected traits in a colonial bird." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 15, no. 6 (October 25, 2002): 1067–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00474.x.
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Brown, Charles R., and Mary Bomberger Brown. "Spleen volume varies with colony size and parasite load in a colonial bird." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 269, no. 1498 (July 7, 2002): 1367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2036.
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Boland, Christopher R. J. "Breeding Biology of Rainbow Bee-Eaters (Merops Ornatus): A Migratory, Colonial, Cooperative Bird." Auk 121, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.3.811.
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AbstractThe breeding biology of Rainbow Bee-eaters (Merops ornatus) was studied between 1997 and 2001 in southeast Queensland, Australia. Rainbow Bee-eaters are unusual in that they combine migration and coloniality with cooperative breeding. Birds migrate from islands north of Australia to build nests either solitarily or in colonies containing ≤50 active nests that are attended by socially monogamous pairs or trios (45% of nests). Nesting was essentially forsaken during very dry seasons, whereas hatching success was reduced in wet seasons. Incubation period varied in duration, with chicks emerging 22–31 days after incubation commenced. Eggs hatched either synchronously or, more commonly, asynchronously (88% of clutches), with each chick emerging usually 0–3 days after the previous hatchling in the nest. Asynchronous hatching typically led to a marked size hierarchy within the brood, facilitating starvation of 22% of nestlings that had avoided nest disasters, such as predation or flooding. Duration of the nestling period was also variable, with chicks requiring a further 24–36 days to fledge. Nest predation by native predators—monitor lizards (Varanus varius) and yellow-footed antechinus (Antechinus flavipes)—was relatively low, affecting 10% of nests. In contrast, predation by two introduced species—dingoes (Canis familiaris dingo) and, in particular, cane toads (Bufo marinus)—was extreme, terminating 49% of all nests.
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Beaulieu, Michaël, André Ancel, Olivier Chastel, François Criscuolo, and Thierry Raclot. "Socially-induced variation in physiological mediators of parental care in a colonial bird." Hormones and Behavior 93 (July 2017): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.03.007.
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Malik, Riffat Naseem, Claudia Moeckel, Kevin C. Jones, and David Hughes. "Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in feathers of colonial water-bird species from Pakistan." Environmental Pollution 159, no. 10 (October 2011): 3044–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.010.
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GIEELMANN, URS CHRISTIAN, THORSTEN WIEGAND, JORK MEYER, MELANIE VOGEL, and ROLAND BRANDL. "Spatial distribution of communal nests in a colonial breeding bird: benefits without costs?" Austral Ecology 33, no. 5 (August 2008): 607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2007.01826.x.
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Brown, Charles R., and Mary Bomberger Brown. "Extreme group sizes in a colonial bird favored during a rare climatic event." Ecosphere 9, no. 9 (September 2018): e02428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2428.
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Baxter, G. S., and P. G. Fairweather. "Does available foraging area, location or colony character control the size of multispecies egret colonies?" Wildlife Research 25, no. 1 (1998): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr95006.
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Food supply is commonly regarded as ultimately controlling the size of bird colonies. Most studies examining this problem have been on seabirds, and all in the Northern Hemisphere. To search more widely for evidence of the importance of food as a factor controlling the size of bird colonies, we investigated egret colonies in a Southern Hemisphere region. We examined the relationship between colony size and the area of potential feeding habitat around each colony, compared with variables associated with the location and the physical characteristics of each colony. All colonies (13 in total) along 800 km of coastline in New South Wales, Australia, were studied. Colony size ranged from 7 to more than 2000 nests. There were very few correlations between the number of nests and the areas of different types of feeding habitat within 20 km of colonies. However, the available area of saltmarshes proved to be a significant predictor of colony size for great (Ardea alba), intermediate (A. intermedia) and little egrets (Egretta garzetta). Saltmarshes may be stable, long-term feeding habitats for these three native ‘aquatic feeders’, but not for the terrestrially feeding cattle egret (Ardea ibis). Nest numbers of this latter species were related positively to the area of saltmarshes, and negatively to latitude, suggesting that nest numbers of this exotic species may be influenced by climate, with proximate factors such as colonial nesting with the three native species also being important. Because of the numerical dominance of cattle egrets, the numbers of nests of all species followed the same pattern as that for cattle egrets.
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Kang, Ki-Ho, Ki-Baek Nam, Ji-Sub Kim, and Jeong-Chil Yoo. "Nest characteristics and composition of the colonial nesting Azure-winged magpie Cyanopica cyanus in South Korea." PeerJ 10 (June 29, 2022): e13637. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13637.
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Bird nests are crucial for reproductive success since they serve as structures to hold the eggs and nestlings safely. Therefore, the structural characteristics of bird nests have optimally evolved to maximize reproductive success, which are known to be affected by various factors. We gathered information on the nest characteristics such as nest structure and constituent materials in the colonial breeding Azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cyanus) and investigated the relationship between ecologically relevant factors and the size and mass of the nests. The Azure-winged magpie nest can be deconstructed into an outer nest and an inner cup, and the type and mass of materials used for the construction of each part varies. Compared to the inner cup, the outer nest, which constitutes the overall shape of the nest, is composed of relatively harder materials, such as branches and soil. In contrast, the inner cup, which is the part where birds directly incubate eggs and raise nestlings, is composed of more flexible and softer materials, such as fiber and moss. We found that there was no relationship between nest characteristics and ecologically relevant factors. However, as the breeding season progressed, the volume of the inner cup decreased with increasing ambient temperatures. Our results show that Azure-winged magpies use differing materials for structurally distinct parts of the nests during construction. The results also indirectly suggest that the choice regarding the amount of insulating materials relative to changing temperatures during the breeding season may be one of the more significant adaptive strategies in the nest-building behaviors of Azure-winged magpies.
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Chaplygina, A. B., T. V. Shupova, and A. S. Nadtochiy. "The avifauna of the National Nature Park "Homilshanski Lisy"." Biosystems Diversity 24, no. 1 (March 4, 2016): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011615.
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In the recreational zone of "Homilshanski Lisy" National Park 137 species of birds were identified during the period 1980–2015, of which 127 species nest, 8 winter, and 2 observed during the spring migration. The nesting species are distributed in 4 ecological groups dominated by dendrophylls (67 species), with fewer limnophylls-fresh water species (29), campophylls-open country species (16) and sclerophylls (11). Among the nesting birds 11 landscape-genetic faunal assemblages were distinguished, dominated by typical nemoral-woodland (19%), tropical (14%) and forest-steppe (13%) species. The average density of the birds nesting in the park amounts to 1.2 ± 0.2 with n overall density of 148.3 pairs/km route line. The habitat distribution of the bird population was relatively even. The most intensively populated habitat was upland oak forest, the least were pine and mixed forests. It was found that the communities of breeding birds in tree plantations changed due to the natural aging process of forests, which has led to an increase in the number of birds of prey (Falconiiformes), woodpeckers (Piciformes), secondary hollow-nesting birds. The bird communities of floodplain and steppe meadows, as well as habitats in residential areas subject to constant recreational pressure, changed under the pressure of anthropogenic loading. The favorable natural and geographical location of the park and the diversity of its habitats contributed to the emergence in the list of fauna of which are expanding their range. Analysis of the dominant species in the community points to a significant negative impact of recreational pressure on all habitats of the park. The dominant birds in the pinewood community list included only one campophyll, tree pipit (Anthus trivialis L.). For the steppe meadows, in addition to the dominant colonial birds that nest in holes , the yellow wagtail (Motacilla flava L.) was marked as subdominant. In general, in the recreational area of NPP "Homilshanski Lisy" 30 common species (24.2%, total abundance 0.198) nest on the ground. The variety and balance of breeding bird communities in most habitats is stable, but in the meadow ecosystem communities the uniformity of the distribution of species abundance is being significantly disrupted. The Jacquard and Sorenson performance indices for floodplain and steppe meadows are 0.4 and 0.5, and for grove and pine woods, respectively, 0.7 and 0.8. Taking into account the data of the cluster analysis, the distribution curves of shared abundance and participation indicatee sinanthropic breeding bird communities. It follows that anthropogenic pressure exerts the most significant effect on the birds’ occupation of breeding habitats in the recreational zone NPP "Homilshanski Lisy". The highest performance is characterized by the condition of the avifauna of forest habitats, such as oak forest and pine woods, the most threatened breeding bird communities being those of floodplain meadows.
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Lengagne, T., J. Lauga, and T. Aubin. "Intra-syllabic acoustic signatures used by the king penguin in parent-chick recognition: an experimental approach." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 4 (February 15, 2001): 663–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.4.663.
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In king penguin colonies, several studies have shown that both parent-chick recognition and mate-pair recognition are achieved by acoustic signals. The call of king penguins consists of strong frequency modulations with added beats of varying amplitude induced by the two-voice generating process. Both the frequency modulation pattern and the two-voice system could play a role in the identification of the calling bird. We investigated the potential role of these features in individual discrimination. Experiments were conducted by playing back altered or reconstructed parental signals to the corresponding chick. The results proved that the king penguin performs a complex analysis of the call, using both frequency modulation and the two-voice system. Reversed or frequency-modulation-suppressed signals do not elicit any responses. Modifying the shape of the frequency modulation by 30 % also impairs the recognition process. Moreover, we have demonstrated for the first time that birds perform an analysis of the beat amplitude induced by the two-voice system to assess individual identity. These two features, which are well preserved during the propagation of the signal, seem to be a reliable strategy to ensure the accurate transmission of individual information in a noisy colonial environment.
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Leonard, M. "An overview and comparative analysis of singing on the nest in North American birds." Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, no. 10 (October 2008): 1101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-092.
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Bird song is used to defend territories and attract mates and tends to make the singer conspicuous. Singing on the nest (SOTN) has been mentioned since 1904 but has remained largely unexplored. This behavior occurs in 10.1% of breeding birds of North America. Factors that predict the likelihood of SOTN for any species include colonial nesting, incubation sharing and feeding, and taxonomic family. If SOTN is as conspicuous as other forms of singing, this behavior may incur significant costs, such as increased nest predation and parasitism. Data collected from the literature regarding nest vocalizations of adult birds (calls and songs) showed those costs were not significantly different between vocalizing and silent birds. There was greater variance in the rates of nest predation and parasitism for vocalizing birds, which may suggest greater risk. The function(s) of SOTN are not well understood and are mostly untested. Several hypotheses are presented to explain this behavior. This is the first attempt to examine this behavior in any depth and demonstrates the need for further research to explore its function(s) and consequences.
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Duca, Charles, and Miguel Â. Marini. "Temporal variation in the reproductive success of Cacicus haemorrhous (Linnaeus) (Aves, Icterinae) in an Atlantic Forest reserve in Southeast Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 22, no. 2 (June 2005): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752005000200026.
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For colonial bird species, egg hatching synchrony has been considered an important factor in their reproductive success. The Red-rumped Cacique, Cacicus haemorrhous (Linnaeus, 1766), is a Passeriformes species (Icterinae) that reproduces in colonies in which groups of females lay their eggs at different periods during the reproductive season. The objective of this study was to evaluate if there was a variation in the reproductive success among C. haemorrhous females groups that lay eggs in different periods along the reproductive season. A total of 192 nests from four colonies were monitored at Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, and used to calculate the nest survival probability in different periods (early and late) of the 2001 reproductive season. The results showed that females that reproduced at the beginning of the reproductive period had higher reproductive success than those that reproduced later. Predation was the main cause of nests loss (48,4%), and an increase in predation rate was observed as the reproductive period advanced.
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Ekanayake, Kasun B., Desley A. Whisson, Laura X. L. Tan, and Michael A. Weston. "Intense predation of non-colonial, ground-nesting bird eggs by corvid and mammalian predators." Wildlife Research 42, no. 6 (2015): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15080.
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Context Loss of eggs to predators is a major cause of reproductive failure among birds. It is especially pronounced among ground-nesting birds because their eggs are accessible to a wide range of predators. Few studies document the main causes of clutch fate of ground-nesting birds. Aims The main objective of the present study was to identify the major egg predator of red-capped plovers (Charadrius ruficapillus). We also investigated the effectiveness of the following two primary strategies available to the plovers to avoid egg predation: (1) the placement of clutches under vegetative cover and (2) avoiding predators by nesting outside the peak season of predator occurrence. Methods Remote-sensing cameras were deployed on plover nests to identify egg predators and nests were monitored over four breeding seasons to document reproductive success and fate. An experiment using false clutches with model eggs investigated the influence of nest cover on the risk of egg predation throughout the year. Line-transect surveys were conducted to estimate the abundance of egg predators in and around the wetlands. Key results The little raven (Corvus mellori) was the major egg predator identified in 78.6% of red-capped plover clutches and in 92.4% of false clutches that were camera-monitored. The hatching success of plover eggs was not influenced by nest cover (P = 0.36), but model egg survival in false clutches improved significantly with the presence of nest cover (P = 0.02). The abundance of little ravens increased during the plover breeding season and was highly negatively correlated with false clutch survival (rpearson = –0.768, P = 0.005). Conclusions Little ravens were the major predator of red-capped plover eggs and their abundance increased significantly during the plover breeding season. Any influence of nest cover on hatching success of eggs may have been masked by the extremely high rate of egg loss associated with the increased little raven abundance during the plover breeding season. Implications The high rate of egg predation is likely to have negative consequences on the local red-capped plover population, suggesting management is warranted. Little raven populations have expanded and, thus, their impact as egg predators needs to be investigated especially on threatened species.
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Lamekhov, Yuri Gennadievich. "Ecological aspects of the nesting life of the black-necked grebe (Podiceps nigricollis C.L. Brehm) in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals." Samara Journal of Science 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.55355/snv2022112110.
Full textAbstract:
The black-necked grebe ( Podiceps nigricollis C.L. Brehm) is a nesting, migratory bird species, the number of which in the Southern Urals reaches 12 thousand individuals. From an ecological point of view, the named bird species belongs to aquatic birds and prefers aquatic and semiaquatic habitats. Being a waterfowl, the black-necked grebe has a complex of diving adaptations and is characterized as a specialized waterfowl. The literature analysis has proved that the knowledge of the ecological aspects of the nesting life of the black-necked grebe is insufficient. The nesting period of the annual life cycle was studied on the Kurlady and Smolino lakes located in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals. The average date of birds arrival at the nesting area according to 1988-2013 data is 19 April. The choice of breeding site leads to the fact that black-necked grebes form colonies in stagnant water bodies or with a slow flow of water. The water is fresh or brackish, with a certain pattern of overgrowth of vegetation and depth in the area where the nests are located. The presence of nests of black-headed gulls ( Larus ridibundus L.) plays a special role in choosing a place to build a nest. Black-necked grebes and black-headed gulls form polyspecific colonial settlements. The laying of the first egg is carried out by the black-necked grebe in an unfinished nest, floating on the water and having a flat shape. At the stage of the appearance of the first egg in the nest, the elimination of eggs occurs, which can reach 44,1% (the biological center of the colony, 1989). On the periphery of the colonial settlement, the percentage of dead clutches is significantly higher, which can be caused by unfavorable biotic and abiotic relationships. Nests of black-necked grebes are completed from the moment the first egg is laid until the laying is completed. At a statistically significant level, the diameter of the nest and tray, the height of the nest, and the depth of the tray increase. The nest with completed masonry has a truncated-conical shape with a cup-shaped tray. According to long-term observations, the average value of the completed clutch is 3,8 eggs per nest. The reproduction in the composition of a polyspecific colony is accompanied by the establishment of biocoenotic relationships. The manifestation of topical, phoric and factory relationships, which can lead to individual and group elimination, has been established.