Academic literature on the topic 'Colonial bird'
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Journal articles on the topic "Colonial bird"
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Matsyura, A. V. "МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ДИНАМИКИ ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ НЕКОТОРЫХ ОКОЛОВОДНЫХ ВИДОВ ПТИЦ ОСТРОВОВ СИВАША." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 2, no. 2 (October 15, 2012): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/20122_24.
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<p>The problem of the mathematical analysis of dynamics of number of key colonial breeding waterbirds regarding to the islands of region is considered. The algorithm of an estimation of changes in number of birds is offered in scope of specific features of colonies and habitats. The data of long-term monitoring of island birds’ number have been analyzed according to proposed algorithm. On the basis of analysis results the necessity of use of the statistical indexes expressing the tendencies of changes in bird number and bird turnover is proved. For the key species of island communities the tendencies of changes in number are determined within the limits of researched region. The discussed technique of a complex estimation of breeding island bird dynamics is offered for the use at drawing up the management plans and development of nature protection actions with the purpose of conservation of bird diversity and their habitats.</p> <p><em>Key words: colonial birds, islands, dynamics of number, complex estimation</em></p> <p> </p>
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Yarovyi, O., H. Yevchun, D. Pishniak, and I. Parnikoza. "Biogenic elements in terrestrial substrates, freshwater pools and subice seamples of the Argentine islands – Kyiv peninsula region, the Maritime Antarctic." Visnik ukrains'kogo tovaristva genetikiv i selekcioneriv 19, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2021): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/visnyk.utgis.19.1-2.1440.
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Aim. The aim was to estimate inflow of nitrogen and phosphorus to the terrestrial substrate, freshwater pools, as well as in the ice core and subglacial waters, from the sea-bird colonies, and locations of non-colonial flying birds, or individual colonial birds activity. Methods. The samples of substrates, fresh waters, ice cores and samples from the subglacial waters collected during the 25th (2019/20) and 26th (2020/21) Ukrainian Antarctic expeditions in the area of the Argentine Islands – Kyiv Peninsula were analyzed by selected indicators of ornithogenic impact – concentration of bioaviable forms of nitrogen and phosphorus. Results. The concentration for nitrogen and phosphorus are shown to be ornitogenic in samples from all explored locations. High concentrations of ornithogenic compounds were detected not only inflowing from birds colonies, in particular penguins, but also in samples without their influence. Conclusions. The obtained data confirm the high level of influence of both colonial and non-colonial birds on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems of the Argentine Islands-Kyiv Peninsula. It is shown that the edifying effect and inflow of significant amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus occurs not only in large penguin colonies, but also in single nesting or feeding and resting areas of non-colonial flying birds, or in the presence of individual colonial birds in the study area. However, in the locations of large penguin colonies, easily disolved bioavailable forms of nitrogen and phosphorus are found in much higher, hypertrophic concentrations. Relatively low concentrations of nutrients are currently found only in areas that have recently been released from the glacier and remain uninhabited, unattractive or inaccessible to birds. Such locations are currently marked only on the coast of the Kyiv Peninsula and are associated with the recent retreat of local glaciers. In case of the presence of penguins or the activity of non-colonial or individual colonial birds, all studied freshwater pools were eutrophied to varying extend. The dynamics of organic matter inflow to some of the studied freshwater pools of the region probably indicates the permanent eutrophication. Studies of the ice core of the Galindez Island Glacier and subglacial freshwaters have shown that ornithogenic effects have been observed here for a long time.Key words: eutrophication, seabirds, the Antarctic, substrates, freshwater pools.
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Lamekhov, Yuri Gennadievich. "Duration of colonial bird species egg incubation." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201871111.
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The paper deals with one of the aspects of bird early ontogenesis biology - egg incubation duration, which was defined as the time interval between egg laying and hatching from it. The oomorphological parameters are determined taking into account the ordinal number of the laid eggs. Parameters of early ontogeny of birds are studied on the example of colonially nesting species: blackberry toadstool ( Podiceps nigricollis C.L. Brehm.) and lake gull ( Larus ridibundus L.). Within the colonial settlement of these species, the biological center and the periphery of the colony were isolated. When studying the parameters of early ontogeny of birds and oomorphological characteristics, the same number of eggs was taken into account. During field and laboratory studies it was found that the incubation of eggs lasts longer in eggs from the nests of the biological center of the colony. The first eggs are incubated longer. These features clearly manifested in the early ontogeny of the gull. The increase in the egg incubation duration occurs against the background of an increase in their mass and a decrease in the concentration of lysozyme in the protein shell of the egg. Egg incubation duration is one of the results of embryonalization as a way of evolution of ontogeny. The manifestation of the results of embryogenesis was revealed for the first eggs in the nests of the biological center of the colony. Embryonalization leads to an increase in egg incubation duration as well as to a decrease in the intensity of elimination in early ontogenesis, which affects the number of individuals breeding in the colony and, accordingly, the structure of the colonial settlement of birds.
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Matsyura, О. V., and М. V. Matsyura. "ФАКТОРИ, ЩО ОБУМОВЛЮЮТЬ РОЗПОДІЛ КОЛОНІАЛЬНИХ ПТАХІВ РОДИНИ LARIDAE НА ОСТРОВАХ." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 1, no. 01 (April 5, 2011): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/20111_14.
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<p>The analysis of the main factors, which specify the spreading of colonial Laridae to the islands of Azov and Black Sea region, is presented. The influence of the anthropogenic pressure and the interspecific interrelations on the island bird communities is considered. The basic directions of anthropogenic influence on island birds were determined. The analysis of mutual breeding of island birds was performed.</p> <p><em>Key words: island, bird communities, anthropogenic pressure, interspecific interrelations, analysis. </em></p>
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Rose, Paul. "Observation of an Attempted Forced Copulation within a Captive Flock of Greater Flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus)." Birds 3, no. 4 (November 15, 2022): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds3040025.
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Flamingos (Phoenicopteriformes) are obligate colonial species that nest in large colonies, with monogamous pairs rearing a single chick following a synchronised group courtship display. Within this relatively simplistic behavioural description, deviations from these social and reproductive norms are apparent. Same sex pairings, multi-bird relationships and extra pair copulations are documented in the literature. Flamingos display highly sexually selected characteristics of plumage colour, carotenoid accumulation and diversity of display movements that underpin mate choice decisions. The brightest birds in best body condition are more successful at breeding. Therefore, documented mate guarding of female birds by male partners, is a relevant response to maximise investment in a pair bond. Limited information that describes the action of forced copulation by the male flamingo and the response of the female bird is available in the literature. This paper describes an occurrence of an attempted forced copulation by an older male Greater Flamingo to a younger female bird. Such behaviour may be an artefact of the captive environment, and limited mate choice when compared to the sizes of wild flocks, or it could be regularly apparent in the wild and therefore worthy of more scrutiny and empirical study.
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Caplan, Allison, James M. Maley, and John E. McCormack. "Bridging Biology and Ethnohistory: A Case for Collaboration." Ethnohistory 67, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 355–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-8266379.
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Abstract Interdisciplinary scholarship that combines research questions and methodologies from biology and ethnohistory generates new insights into historical interactions between human and bird populations in ancient and colonial Mesoamerica. Codices, ethnohistorical sources, and surviving feather art point to the religious, economic, and artistic importance of various types of birds to Nahua people. Alongside the well-known resplendent quetzal and lovely cotinga, many additional species were significant to ancient and colonial Nahuas. This article presents potential directions for scholarship that bridge biology and ethnohistory and surveys key resources, including natural history collections and online databases. Finally, the article employs the biological literature to describe eleven bird species of great importance to Nahuas, detailing the species’ appearance and plumage, geographic range, variation, habitat, behaviors, and current status. Ultimately, the article demonstrates how insights from natural history and ethnohistory together allow for a fuller understanding of Nahuas’ material and conceptual interactions with these birds.
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Brown, Charles R., and Mary Bomberger Brown. "Ectoparasitism shortens the breeding season in a colonial bird." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 2 (February 2015): 140508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140508.
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When blood-feeding parasites increase seasonally, their deleterious effects may prevent some host species, especially those living in large groups where parasites are numerous, from reproducing later in the summer. Yet the role of parasites in regulating the length of a host's breeding season—and thus the host's opportunity for multiple brooding—has not been systematically investigated. The highly colonial cliff swallow ( Petrochelidon pyrrhonota ), a temperate-latitude migratory songbird in the western Great Plains, USA, typically has a relatively short (eight to nine week) breeding season, with birds rarely nesting late in the summer. Colonies at which ectoparasitic swallow bugs ( Oeciacus vicarius ) were experimentally removed by fumigation were over 45 times more likely to have birds undertake a second round of nesting than were colonies exposed to parasites. Late nesting approximately doubled the length of the breeding season, with some birds raising two broods. Over a 27 year period the percentage of birds engaging in late nesting each year increased at a colony site where parasites were removed annually. This trend could not be explained by changes in group size, climate or nesting phenology during the study. The results suggest that ectoparasitism shortens the cliff swallow's breeding season and probably prevents many individuals from multiple brooding. When this constraint is removed, selection may rapidly favour late nesting.
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Lamekhov, Yuri Gennadievich, Marina Anatolyevna Bulanova, and Elena Anatolyevna Lamekhova. "General characteristics of the intensity of elimination in the early ontogenesis of colonial bird species." Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021102107.
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This paper examines the rate of elimination in the early ontogeny of colonial bird species. The research objects were colonial nesting species - black-necked gull ( Larus ridibundus L.) and black-necked grebe ( Podiceps nigricollis C.L. Brehm), which form monospecific and poly-species colonial settlements. The rate of elimination was determined taking into account the stage of completion of the clutch, as well as the position of the nest in the structure of the colonial settlement: in the biological center or at the periphery of the colony. The nesting life of colonially nesting species was studied according to the generally accepted method, taking into account the choice of a place for building a nest by birds, the morphology of the nest, the intensity of oviposition and other characteristics. In the course of many years of research 3 types of nest placement within the colony have been identified. The maximum elimination rate has been proven for fixing the nest on the floodplain of common reed. The minimum rate of elimination was found for black-headed gull nests built on the fold of common reed ( Phragmites australis ) and narrow-leaved cattail ( Typha angustifolia ). Near-nesting vegetation is located around the nests of black-necked gull and black-necked grebe. The variant of placing vegetation around the nest prevails. Less common are options in which vegetation is located on one side. Observations have not revealed a relationship between the rate of elimination and the nature of the distribution of vegetation around the nest. The authors have compared the rate of elimination of black-headed gull nests located in the biological center and at the periphery of the colony. Elimination is possible both during the laying of the first egg and after the end of the clutch. Observations have shown that the rate of elimination is higher for nests from the periphery of the colony, which may be associated with differences in the size of the nests, the rate of their construction, as well as with the behavior of birds incubating eggs. The maximum rate of elimination of nests and eggs at the periphery of the colony is also manifested in the early ontogenesis of the black-necked grebe. The intensity of elimination and the forms of its manifestation affect the structure of the colonial settlement of birds and characterize the level of individual and group adaptation of birds to the conditions in which the nesting period takes place.
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Evans, Allen F., Quinn Payton, Nathan J. Hostetter, Ken Collis, Bradley M. Cramer, and Daniel D. Roby. "Cumulative effects of piscivorous colonial waterbirds on juvenile salmonids: A multi predator-prey species evaluation." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): e0272875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272875.
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We investigated the cumulative effects of predation by piscivorous colonial waterbirds on the survival of multiple salmonid (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) and determined what proportion of all sources of fish mortality (1 –survival) were due to birds in the Columbia River basin, USA. Anadromous juvenile salmonids (smolts) were exposed to predation by Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia), double-crested cormorants (Nannopterum auritum), California gulls (Larus californicus), and ring-billed gulls (L. delawarensis), birds known to consume both live and dead fish. Avian consumption and survival probabilities (proportion of available fish consumed or alive) were estimated for steelhead trout (O. mykiss), yearling Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), sub-yearling Chinook salmon, and sockeye salmon (O. nerka) during out-migration from the lower Snake River to the Pacific Ocean during an 11-year study period (2008–2018). Results indicated that probabilities of avian consumption varied greatly across salmonid populations, bird species, colony location, river reach, and year. Cumulative consumption probabilities (consumption by birds from all colonies combined) were consistently the highest for steelhead, with annual estimates ranging from 0.22 (95% credible interval = 0.20–0.26) to 0.51 (0.43–0.60) of available smolts. The cumulative effects of avian consumption were significantly lower for yearling and sub-yearling Chinook salmon, with consumption probabilities ranging annually from 0.04 (0.02–0.07) to 0.10 (0.07–0.15) and from 0.06 (0.3–0.09) to 0.15 (0.10–0.23), respectively. Avian consumption probabilities for sockeye salmon smolts was generally higher than for Chinook salmon smolts, but lower than for steelhead smolts, ranging annually from 0.08 (0.03–0.22) to 0.25 (0.14–0.44). Although annual consumption probabilities for birds from certain colonies were more than 0.20 of available smolts, probabilities from other colonies were less than 0.01 of available smolts, indicating that not all colonies of birds posed a substantial risk to smolt mortality. Consumption probabilities were lowest for small colonies and for colonies located a considerable distance from the Snake and Columbia rivers. Total mortality attributed to avian consumption was relatively small for Chinook salmon (less than 10%) but was the single greatest source of mortality for steelhead (greater than 50%) in all years evaluated. Results suggest that the potential benefits to salmonid populations of managing birds to reduce smolt mortality would vary widely depending on the salmonid population, the species of bird, and the size and location of the breeding colony.
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Massaro, M., DG Ainley, JA Santora, P. Quillfeldt, A. Lescroël, A. Whitehead, A. Varsani, G. Ballard, and O’B Lyver P. "Diet segregation in Adélie penguins: some individuals attempt to overcome colony-induced and annual foraging challenges." Marine Ecology Progress Series 645 (July 9, 2020): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13370.
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Intraspecific competition for food can be especially high in colonial breeding seabirds. To minimize colony-induced or annual foraging challenges, diet may vary among individuals, but few studies have simultaneously investigated the effects of both extrinsic conditions (e.g. colony or year effects) and parameters of an individual (e.g. sex, age or individual quality) on diet in seabirds. Using stable isotope analyses, we studied the diet of 214 Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae of known sex, age and breeding quality, nesting in 2 colonies on Ross Island, Antarctica, over 3 breeding seasons. During the study, δ15N and δ13C isotope values were lower in penguins breeding at Cape Crozier compared to those at Cape Bird, revealing a difference in prey proportions. Cape Bird penguins were estimated to consistently consume more energy-rich silverfish Pleuragramma antarctica, while birds at Cape Crozier ate more crystal krill Euphausia crystallorophias. We also found inter-annual differences in diet, with a higher dietary fish proportion in both colonies during 2011. Males had significantly higher δ15N values, indicating a higher fish consumption than females. This sexual segregation in diet was particularly pronounced at Cape Bird, where the overall isotopic niche was wider than at Cape Crozier. Differences in diet among adults of varying ages only existed at Cape Bird, where middle-aged penguins consumed more fish than old and young penguins. This study provides evidence that Adélie penguin diet is largely driven by annual, seasonal and local abundances of prey, with only some individuals selectively foraging for more nutritional prey if prey choices are present.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Colonial bird"
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DE, PASCALIS FEDERICO. "INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC DRIVERS OF FORAGING MOVEMENTS IN COLONIAL BIRDS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/922225.
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Foraging is a central trait in species’ life history, being tightly linked to individual fitness and therefore to population processes. To be successful, individuals should forage in a way that minimize energy expenditure and maximize energy intake. However, this balance depends on a mixture of different elements of intrinsic and extrinsic nature, that drive foraging choices of individuals.
Intrinsic drivers are elements inextricably linked to individual’s characteristics or qualities that often are a function of age or sex (e.g., dimorphism, social dominance). Extrinsic drivers are elements linked to the surrounding environment, that can be abiotic (e.g., landscape features, weather), or biotic (e.g., heterospecific/conspecific presence, resources distribution). In this thesis I used a combination of bio-logging technologies and statistical modelling techniques to investigate in detail the drivers of foraging movements in different colonial bird species. Specifically, I investigated intrinsic and extrinsic drivers on sea and land (Chapters I and II), the effects of competition (Chapter III), the role of weather (Chapter IV), how food resources can be found in the sea (Chapter V) and its consequences (Chapter VI). My results suggest that a complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic drivers shape spatio-temporal foraging decisions in wild bird species, and their combined effect can be sometimes difficult to disentangle. Wind conditions, rainfall, morphological differences linked to sex, inter- and intra-specific competition all affect how individuals optimize their search for food, via the adoption of different behavioural tactics. Moreover, the search for food is particularly challenging in the marine environment, that is extremely dynamic and three-dimensional. Here, individuals could use a combination of static and dynamic features to locate prey aggregations. However, such features also aggregate contaminants such as microplastic, enhancing the risk of ingestion. In conclusion, understanding the connection between individual qualities, foraging movements and external agents is particularly important given the predicted global changes for future years. Ultimately, behavioural flexibility in foraging could be an important trait to successfully cope with such changes and could contribute to increase the resilience of populations over time.
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Ashbrook, Kate. "Conflict and cooperation in a colonially-breeding bird under adverse conditions." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578567.
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Colonial breeding in birds is widely considered to provide a net benefit to individuals, outweighing costs such as increased competition for resources and intra- specific aggression. This view, however, is largely based on studies of seabirds carried out under favourable conditions. Recent breeding failures at many seabird colonies in the UK provide an opportunity to re-examine costs and benefits of coloniality under adverse conditions. In this thesis I show in the highly colonial Common guillemot Uria aalge how, during unfavourable conditions, the magnitude of these costs and benefits is dependent on the social environment of the breeding area. Parents were able to increase their foraging effort by leaving their chick unattended at the colony, but this unexpectedly resulted in heightened aggression towards unattended chicks from conspecifics, sometimes resulting in the chick being killed. However, despite the magnitude of this cost showing negative density-dependence, it did not result in diminished positive density-dependence of overall breeding success, suggesting that colonial breeding is still beneficial during unfavourable environmental conditions. Parents were also able to utilise a combined strategy of foraging at sea augmented by kleptoparasitism, stealing prey from neighbours, to increase chick provisioning rate and survival during adverse conditions, with no apparent cost to hosts. In contrast, cooperative behaviours were still evident, and I suggest that alloparental care, where an individual cares for unrelated young, is maintained via a combination of short- term benefits for the alloparent (additional parental experience) and chick (increased chick survival during periods of high parental non-attendance) and long-term benefits for the alloparent (future reciprocation of alloparental care). Investment in preening partners and neighbours was found to be negatively related to chick fledging success, suggesting that some cooperative behaviour may be disadvantageous during adverse conditions, when individuals apparently benefit more from investing in activities that directly increase reproductive success.
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Fairweather, Jaqueline Anne. "A study of colonial organisation of the kittiwake Rissa tridactyla." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5828/.
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Kittiwakes have been studied in detail at North Shields, Tyne and Wear, England since 1954. I investigated die effect of mate change (due to divorce or mate death) on reproductive performance. Below average productivity in the year of divorce and in the preceding year, coupled with a low adult survival rate in the year following divorce, suggested birds which divorced were poorer quality individuals than birds which retained their mate. Productivity was reduced if one or both members of a pair were in their last year of life and was indicative of a decline m fitness. Dispersal, breeding and the importance of nest site tenacity to mate retention were studied when kittiwakes were prevented from returning to their original nest sites in 1991. In 1991, extensive non-breeding (57%) and low productivity resulted. Of die birds which bred, 54 (83%) nested in the immediate colony area and only 11 moved to other colonies. Despite moving site, many birds retained their mate of the previous breeding season. In the following year, a further 61 kittiwakes moved and nested at other colonies and about a third retained theu" mate. This, and other evidence, suggests that individual recognition is important in mate retention. Reproductive performance, in relation to nest position in the colony and proxunity to other nesting pairs, was compared with a kittiwake colony at Marsden, NE England. Productivity was highest at the centre of the colonies and, at the edge, was highest for pairs which nested adjacent to another pair. It is suggested that social stimulation, arising from nesting adjacent to another pair, advanced the date of laying. Adult attendance at the nest during chick-rearing was monitored at Marsden in three years. During comparable time periods ui 1991 and 1993,93% and 75% of die broods, respectively, were attended by an adult, compared to only 51% during the same period in 1992. Attendance decreased in relation to hatching date, chick age and brood size and increased with parental age and/or quality.
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Votier, Stephen C. "Conservation implications of variation in diet and dietary specialisation in great skuas." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390768.
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Young, Andrew D. "Costs and benefits to Red-breasted Mergansers nesting in tern and gull colonies." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63291.
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Sawyer, Gregory M. "DNA profiling of captive roseate spoonbill (Ajaia ajaja) populations as a mechanism of determining lineage in colonial nesting birds." Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2002. http://www.library.unt.edu/theses/open/20021/sawyer%5Fgregory/index.htm.
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Mack, Wyatt Mackenzie. "Grassland Birds Community Dynamics, Resource Selection, and Nest Survival on Mixed-Grass Prairie Grazed by Native Colonial and Domestic Herbivores." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28598.
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Investigators surveyed avian and vegetation composition on- and off- black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus; hereafter prairie dog) colonies to gain greater insight into community dynamics of grassland passerines. Few studies have investigated grassland bird community associations with prairie dogs, and of those limited studies aim to quantify nesting passerine habitat selection and nest success. The objective of this study was to identify community associations and factors that shape the community of grassland birds on grazed mixed-grass prairie, both on- and off-prairie dog colonies. Bird and vegetation communities, avian densities, nesting survival, and resource selection was investigated in relativity to a landscape occupied with prairie dogs. Individual species exhibited different selections in regards to different vegetation communities created by prairie dogs. This makes heterogeneity an important landscape component for maintaining diverse, robust bird and plant communities at the landscape scale.National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) (Grant 2011-68004-30052)
United State Department of Agriculture (USDA)
North Dakota State University (NDSU)
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Thiart, Hanlie. "Immunological and epidemiological investigations into avian malaria in the African penguin during rehabilitation and in breeding colonies." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16620.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The African penguin, which occurs along the south-eastern and south-western shores of South-Africa and Namibia, has experienced a severe reduction in population numbers due to guano and egg collection in the first half of the 19th century, and oil pollution in the second half of the 19th century as a result of oil tankers rounding the Cape of Good Hope. The population would have been reduced by a further 19% had it not been for the rehabilitation of penguins at the South African National Council for the Conservation of Coastal Birds (SANCCOB) facility. Although this has been very successful, mortalities as a result of avian malaria infection have considerably reduced the efficiency of rehabilitation. In an effort to assess the role of immunity against malaria in combating the disease, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibody levels to avian malaria was developed. The ELISA was used to detect antibody levels to avian malaria of penguins on entry and during rehabilitation from October 2001 to January 2003. The aim of this study was to continue the determination of antibody levels to avian malaria of penguins entering the SANCCOB facility, in order to allow an evaluation of the antibody levels to avian malaria for two full calendar years. This investigation was combined with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method, capable of detecting any Plasmodium species in penguin serum. These two methods were also used to investigate avian malaria in several breeding colonies in order to assess the role avian malaria may play in the survival of the African penguin in the wild. Results indicated that the ability of penguins to produce anti-Plasmodium antibodies was not influenced by oiling and that infection with malaria was not due to recrudescence but rather due to infection via mosquitoes. This indicated a possible role of the SANCCOB facility in exposing the penguins to avian malaria. However a large number of penguins arrived at the facility previously infected with malaria, indicating that malaria was present in the breeding colonies. Investigations in the breeding colonies revealed extremely high avian malaria prevalence even though no sick birds or mortalities were observed. This raised the question whether different types of malaria are responsible for infection in the SANCCOB facility and breeding colonies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Afrika Pikkewyn kom langs die suid-oostelike en suid-westelike kus van Suid Afrika en Namibië voor. In die afgelope eeu het hierdie spesie ‘n geweldige afname in populasie getalle ondervind. Dit was hoofsaaklik die gevolg van die versameling van guano en pikkewyneiers in die eerste helfte van die 19de eeu en oliebesoedeling in die tweede helfde van die 19de eeu. Die “South African Foundation for Conservation of Coastal Birds” (SANCCOB) is ‘n seevoëlreddings- en rehabilitasiesentrum vir siek, beseerde en ge-oliede pikkewyne. Dit word geskat dat die Afrika Pikkewyn populasie met ‘n verdere 19% sou afgeneem het as dit nie vir die rehabilitasie by die SANCCOB sentrum was nie. Hierdie sentrum het egter aansienlike vrektes in die somer as gevolg van voëlmalaria, wat sodoende die effektiwiteit van die rehabilitasie verlaag. In ‘n poging om die rol van immuniteit teen malaria te bepaal is ‘n “enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay” (ELISA) ontwikkel vir die bepaling van antiliggaam vlakke teen malaria. Hierdie ELISA is gebruik vir die bepaling van die anti-Plasmodium antiliggaam vlakke van die pikkewyne by aankoms en ten tye van rehabilitasie by SANCCOB vanaf Oktober 2001 to Januarie 2003. Die doel van hierdie studie was eerstens om hierdie ELISA bepalings voort te sit om sodoende antiliggaam vlakke teen malaria oor twee kalender jare te kan evalueer. Hierdie ondersoek was gekombineer met ‘n polimerase ketting reaksie (PCR) metode, wat enige Plasmodium spesie in pikkewynserum sou kon opspoor. Hierdie twee metodes is ook gebruik vir ondersoeke in sommige broeikolonies, met die doel om te bepaal watter rol voëlmalaria in die oorlewing van die Afrika pikkewyn in die natuur speel. Resultate het getoon dat olie nie die vermoë van die pikkewyn beïnvloed om anti- Plasmodium antiliggame te vervaardig nie en dat malaria infeksie hoofsaaklik deur muskiete veroosaak word en nie deur heruitbraak van ‘n bestaande infeksie nie. Dit dui egter daarop dat pikkewyne blootgestel word aan voëlmalaria by die SANCCOB sentrum. Daar is ook gevind dat ‘n groot aantal pikkewyne met malaria infeksies by die sentrum opgedaag het wat dui op die voorkoms van malaria in die broeikolonies. Ondersoeke in die broeikolonies het ‘n besonder hoë voorkoms van malaria onthul. Geen vrektes of siek pikkewyne is in die broeikolonies waargeneem nie, wat moontlik kan beteken dat pikkewyne by SANCCOB met ‘n ander tipe malaria geïnfekteer word as in die broeikolonies.
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Bancroft, Wesley J. "Environmental response to burrowing seabird colonies : a study in ecosystem engineering." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0064.
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[Truncated abstract] Ecosystem engineers are organisms that physically modify habitat in a manner that modulate resource flows and species within ecosystems. Ecosystem engineering is distinct from classical interactions (competition, predation, parasitism and mutualism) in that it does not involve direct trophic exchange between organisms. The term ‘ecosystem engineer’ is a recently adopted one, and we are just beginning to investigate the occurrence and impact of engineers in ecosystems. My thesis explores the ecosystem engineering actions of Wedge-tailed Shearwaters, Puffinus pacificus, in a Mediterranean island, heathland ecosystem. I have approached this by (1) describing and quantifying the physical impact of these engineers, and (2) describing and quantifying the effects that these actions have on three major ecosystem components: the soil, the vascular plants, and the vertebrate fauna. Wedge-tailed Shearwaters are procellariid seabirds that excavate nesting burrows on offshore islands. The birds are colonial nesters, and on Rottnest Island, 17 km off the mainland coast of south-western Western Australia, their colonies have expanded considerably in recent decades. The expansion fits the trend observed in other tropicalorigin seabirds that breed in south-western Australia. In the last ten years, two new colonies have appeared (in a total of six) and the number of burrows on the island has almost doubled, to 11 745 ± 1320SE. In the same period the area occupied by the birds has increased by almost half ...
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Nascimento, Dáphinne Cardoso Nagib [UNESP]. "Exigências de lisina e de metionina+cistina digestíveis para aves de corte da linhagem ISA Label em sistemas semi-confinado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99592.
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nascimento_dcn_me_jabo.pdf: 407919 bytes, checksum: 3930979a2f0f5e0e060aea3b093cd8fc (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Foram conduzidos seis experimentos para determinar as exigências de lisina (Lis) e de metionina + cistina (Met+cis) digestíveis para aves de corte da linhagem ISA Label de ambos os sexos em sistema semi-confinado durante as fases inicial (1 aos 28 dias), crescimento (28 aos 56 dias) e final (56 aos 84 dias). Em cada experimento um total de 480 aves foram alojadas em 24 piquetes. Cada piquete dispunha de área coberta de 3,13 m2 e área de pastejo de 72,87 m2. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x2 (níveis de aminoácido e sexo) com três repetições de 20 aves cada. Os níveis de lisina digestível avaliados foram: 0,850; 0,970; 1,090; 1,210% na fase inicial; 0,750; 0,870; 0,990; 1,110% na fase crescimento e 0,640; 0,760; 0,880; 1,000% na fase final. Os níveis de Met+cis digestível avaliados foram: 0,532; 0,652; 0,772; 0,892% na fase inicial; 0,515; 0,635; 0,755; 0,875% na fase de crescimento e 0,469; 0,589; 0,709; 0,829% na fase final. Avaliou-se o desempenho, característica de carcaça, deposição de proteína e gordura corporal, peso e teor de proteína das penas. De acordo com os resultados recomenda-se níveis de lisina digestível para ambos os sexos de 1,041%; 1,006% e 0,760% na ração para as fases inicial, crescimento e final, respectivamente. Na fase inicial o nível de Met+cis digestível na ração, indicado para machos é de 0,728% e para fêmeas é de 0,774%. Na fase de crescimento recomenda-se o nível de 0,716% de Met+cis digestível na ração para aves de ambos os sexos. Na fase final o nível de Met+cis digestível indicado para melhorar o desempenho de machos é 0,756% e de fêmeas é 0,597% na ração.
Six assay were carried out to determine digestible lysine and methionine+cys requirements for ISA Label, for both sex, in free range system on starter phase (1 to 28 days), grower phase (28 to 56 days) and finisher phase (56 to 84 days). 480 birds were distributed into 24 pens, each one composed by shelter (3.13 m2) and pasture (72.87m2). Experimental design was a completely randomized with 8 treatments as factorial arrangement (four levels of amino acids and two sexes) with three replicates of 20 birds. The digestible lysine levels were 0.850; 0.970; 1.090; 1.210% for starter phase; 0.750; 0.870; 0.990; 1.110% for grower phase and 0.640; 0.760; 0.880; 1.000% for finisher phase. The digestible methionine+cys levels were 0.532; 0.652; 0.772; 0.892% for starter phase; 0.515; 0.635; 0.755; 0.875% for grower phase and 0.469; 0.589; 0.709; 0.829% for finisher phase. The parameters analyzed were performance, carcass yield, body protein and fat deposition, weight and protein in the feathers. The digestible lysine level estimated, for both sex, were 1.041%; 1.006% e 0.760% in the diet for starter phase, grower phase and finisher phase, respectively. In the starter phase, the digestible methionine+cys level estimated for males was 0.728% and 0.774% for females. For grower phase, the digestible methionine+cys level estimated was 0.716% for both sexes. For the finisher phase, the methionine+cys level were 0.756% and 0.597% for males and females, respectively.
Books on the topic "Colonial bird"
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Parnell, James F. Management of North Carolina's colonial waterbirds. [Raleigh, N.C: UNC Sea Grant College Program], 1990.
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Hanneman, M. P. Colonial nesting waterbird survey in the Northwest Boreal Region - 2000. [Edmonton]: Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, 2001.
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Trost, C. H. Status and distribution of colonial nesting waterbirds in southern Idaho, 1993. [Boise, Idaho: Bureau of Land Management, Idaho State Office], 1994.
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Cheng, Yi-Ru. Complex Society of a Colonial Cooperatively Breeding Bird in a Fluctuating Environment. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2021.
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Feigley, H. Peter. Colonial nesting bird survey on the Bureau of Land Management Lewistown district: 1996. Helena, Mont: Montana Natural Heritage Program, 1998.
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DesGranges, J. L. Breeding distribution and population trends of the great blue heron in Quebec, 1977-2001. Ottawa: Canadian Wildlife Service, 2006.
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Alan, Feduccia, and Catesby Mark 1683-1749, eds. Catesby's Birds of colonial America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985.
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Hanners, Lise A. Colonial Waterbird Information Service. [Washington, D.C.?]: Colonial Waterbird Society, 1991.
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K, Kinkel Linda, Clapp Roger B, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, eds. Colonial Waterbird Information Service. [Washington, D.C.?]: Colonial Waterbird Society, 1991.
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Hanners, Lise A. Colonial waterbird information service. [Boston, Mass.]: Colonial Waterbird Society, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Colonial bird"
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Kuehn, Julia. "Colonial Cosmopolitanism: Constance Cumming and Isabella Bird in Hong Kong, 1878." In New Directions in Travel Writing Studies, 263–80. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137457257_17.
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Samaddar, Ranabir. "The Post-colonial Bind of Greece." In A Post-Colonial Enquiry into Europe’s Debt and Migration Crisis, 1–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2212-8_1.
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Faletra, Michael A. "Epilogue: The Birds of Rhiannon." In Wales and the Medieval Colonial Imagination, 173–80. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137391032_6.
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Díaz-Delgado, Ricardo, Manuel Mañez, Antonio Martínez, David Canal, Miguel Ferrer, and David Aragonés. "Using UAVs to Map Aquatic Bird Colonies." In The Roles of Remote Sensing in Nature Conservation, 277–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64332-8_14.
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Burger, Joanna, and Michael Gochfeld. "Overview of Ecotoxicology for Birds." In Habitat, Population Dynamics, and Metal Levels in Colonial Waterbirds, 229–44. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2016. | Series: CRC marine science series ; 36: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429159435-11.
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Burger, Joanna, and Michael Gochfeld. "Effects of Metals in Birds." In Habitat, Population Dynamics, and Metal Levels in Colonial Waterbirds, 245–75. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2016. | Series: CRC marine science series ; 36: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429159435-12.
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Giesy, John P., James P. Ludwig, and Donald E. Tillitt. "Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, PCBs and Colonial, Fish-Eating Water Birds." In Dioxins and Health, 249–307. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1462-0_9.
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Crozier, Andrew J. "The Colonial Question and a General Settlement." In Appeasement and Germany’s Last Bid for Colonies, 99–133. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19255-7_5.
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Hutterer, Rainer, and Till Töpfer. "Dioramas of Marine Bird Colonies: History, Design, and Educational Importance." In Natural History Dioramas – Traditional Exhibits for Current Educational Themes, 69–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00175-9_5.
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Burger, Joanna, and Michael Gochfeld. "Heavy Metals in Fish, Lower Trophic Levels, and Passerine Birds." In Habitat, Population Dynamics, and Metal Levels in Colonial Waterbirds, 277–310. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2016. | Series: CRC marine science series ; 36: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429159435-13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Colonial bird"
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Arantes, Priscila, and Cynthia Nunes. "Into the decolonial encruzilhada: the Afrofuturistic collages of Luiz Gustavo Nostalgia as the artistic materialization of cruzo." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.88.
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The task of reviewing the silences present in hegemonic histories emerges at the beginning of the 20th century, seeking to provide a more amplified way of understanding the history of peoples and nations subjected to colonial subjugation. Rufino (2019) considers that this space of decolonization presents itself under the name of “encruzilhada” (crossroads) and understands the potentialities of the orixá Exu, of Yoruba spirituality: the orixá of communication, of the paths and the guardian of axé (vital energy). Exu disarray what exist to reconstruct— therefore, since the encruzilhada is Exu’s place, it is a space that allows the crossing of knowledge produced as deviations from colonial impositions on so-called official knowledge, a process which the author names “cruzo” (cross): the encruzilhada is a refusal to everything put as absolute; Exu is the movement of that encruzilhada. In addition to the positivization of the knowledge and ways of living of peoples who have suffered, over the centuries, from numerous processes of inferiority, it is necessary to insert this knowledge in the cultural elements of the present— and in the conceptions about the future. It is in this context that, regarding the experience of Afro-diasporic peoples, a global aesthetic movement that encompasses arts, literature, audiovisual and academic research emerges: Afrofuturism (YASZEK, 2013). Afrofuturism goal is to connect the dilemmas of the African diaspora to technological innovations, commonly unavailable to the descendants of the enslaved, and it aims to establish possible future scenarios— scenarios that contemplate the presence and, furthermore, the protagonism of black people (YASZEK, 2013). To this end, the movement breaks with the Western linear chronology and starts to consider time in a cyclic way, interweaving past, present and future in a single composition: in the same way that Exu, in the Yoruba cosmology, killed a bird yesterday with a stone that has only been thrown today, Afrofuturism weaves a web of historical and cultural retaking of African memory with questions that arise from the reflection of the problems faced by black people in the present, in order to think about a positive and possible future, once a dystopian scenario is already weighing on the shoulders of them. In the frontier of visual arts and design, Luiz Gustavo Nostalgia, a creator based on Rio de Janeiro, dismantles existing images and rearranges them through collages to create a new intention of meaning. His work evokes the cruzo on the principle of rearranging— central to collages— with the widespread rearrangement of our ways of living and understanding society— based on an Afrofuturistic conception of world— by celebrating African motifs, culture and spirituality, allied to the already acquainted aesthetics of “future” (such as the galaxy, bright lights and robotic elements). Through your creation, the artist is capable of presenting a future where black people do exist as protagonists and have their culture, past and roots celebrated.
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Tella, J. L. "A model for predation pressure in colonial birds." In Modeling complex systems. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1386818.
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Radulescu, Victorita. "Autonomous Platform Collecting the Vegetation in Excess From Natural Reservations Lakes Used As a Future Biomass Resource." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70331.
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In Romania, near the Black Sea are two Natural Reservations lakes with salt water, Techirghiol, and Mangalia nowadays confronted with new environmental issues. Lake never freezes. Under these conditions, there are always birds in transit or in wintering; some of them protected species as endangered. There are no known or available solutions at present that can be used here, without disturbing the biological balance. This paper presents a prototype, patent pending in Romania, which has achieved significant results in protection of the natural environment. The prototype is an autonomous pilot station, placed on a mobile pontoon, powered by photovoltaic panels. It can collect and partially dry the aquatic vegetation developed in excess due to eutrophication. The harvested vegetation is used as the biomass resource to warm the Research Centre on shore, the greenhouse for the protected plant species and the poultry incubator. The prototype now is implemented in Techirghiol Lake as to diminish the local environmental problems: the massive mass of vegetation, the invasive species that appeared, as the invertebrates, the interference scallops, and the predator fish. Due to the permanent decreasing the number of the specific fish, all bird colonies are affected. The proposed solution is innovative, perfect ecological and energetic independent. The mobile pontoon is commanded from distance. The solar panels ensure the pontoon movement and the supply of the collecting, compacting, and partially drying the vegetation. The detailed functioning of the prototype is further detailed presented. The main advantage of this solution is that the vegetation can be collected during the entire period of vegetation without disturbing the biologic environmental, nests period of construction, laying eggs, rearing birds, etc. A second major advantage is that the extracted vegetation can be consumed immediately and integrally into a biomass power plant. The third advantage of this technology is that the platform is placed on a mobile pontoon energetically independent, entirely automated and with a constant adaptation of the operating parameters in accordance with climatic conditions. This innovative solution is accordance to the Romanian reply for EU Council Directives, UE EUCO 75/13 CO EUR 7 signed in Brussels at 22/05/2013, referring to the promotion of the new solutions based on utilization of renewable technology with environmental effects. The prototype has a multi- and a cross-disciplinary character due to the main components. It represents a powerful applicative research requested and co-financed by the National Authorities and the private sector, as to solve this problem appeared into these Natural Reservations.
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Elobaid, Elnaim, Bruno Welter Giraldes, Hamad Al-Kuwari, Jassim Al-Khayat, Fadhil Sadooni, and Ekhlas Elbary. "Towards Sustainable Management of Coastal and Offshore Islands in Arabian Gulf Typology: Sensitivity Analysis, Ecological Risk Assessment of Halul and Al-Alyia Islands." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0035.
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The great majority of marine ecosystems in Qatar are in fast decline and nearing collapse, where most ecosystem has lost the biological and economic functionality. Aiming to support the decision makers in the management and restoration strategies for recovering the biological and economic functionality of the ecosystems/natural resources of Qatar, we conducted 1) a typology mapping of the main components of the ecosystem of two islands, 2) a sensitivity and vulnerability assessment according to the known guidelines and standards. Highlighting the potential ecological risk and required recommendations for sustainable management plans, within the frame of Qatar National Vision 2030 (QNV 2030). The Islands present different anthropogenic pressure. As expected, Al Alyia the coastal Island is under real risk, with critical areas of sensibility but still presenting a potential for recovering its economy and ecological functionality, highlighting the collapsed stage of the very sensitive coral reefs, the vulnerability of oyster beds and seagrass and the functionality of the mangrove (expanding) and Sabha with massive birds nesting. The offshore Island Halul presented in the typology mapping the coral reefs as the main ecosystem but with the presence of seagrass, algae bed, sandy beach, and Sabha. The coral reef still presents a certain functionality, with corals covering several hard substrates, however with high sensitivity and high vulnerability, especially the coral in the shallow areas with scattered colonies, and the vulnerable nesting of marine turtles on beaches. As the management, we recommend increasing the restoration effort of targeted ecosystems, mainly involving coral reefs for increasing the marine biodiversity in general and restoring the oyster beds for recovering the filtration service. Strategies must be made for recovering the ecosystems’ functionality and restore the productivity of the Qatari fishing stock. We recommend applying this mapping method and sensitivity classification for all marine areas around Qatar for supporting the management plans.
Reports on the topic "Colonial bird"
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Muxo, Robert, Kevin Whelan, Raul Urgelles, Joaquin Alonso, Judd Patterson, and Andrea Atkinson. Biscayne National Park colonial nesting birds monitoring protocol—Version 1.1. National Park Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2290141.
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Breeding colonies of wading birds (orders Ciconiiformes, Pelecaniformes) and seabirds (orders Suliformes, Pelecaniformes) serve as important indicators of aquatic ecosystem health, as they respond to changes in food abundance and quality, contaminants, invasive species, and disturbance. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, Restoration Coordination & Verification program (CERP-RECOVER) has identified wading-bird colonies as an important ecosystem restoration indicator. The National Park Service South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network (SFCN) ranked colonial nesting birds eighth out of 44 vital signs of park natural resource conditions for ecological significance and feasibility. However, while large-scale monitoring efforts are occurring in the rest of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, only minimal historic data collection and no extensive ongoing monitoring of wading bird and seabird nesting have occurred in Biscayne National Park. Consequently, due to their high importance as biological indicators and because they are a gap occurring in regional monitoring efforts, the network has initiated a monitoring program of colonial nesting birds in Biscayne National Park. This protocol provides the rationale, approach, and detailed Standard Operating Procedures for annual colonial bird monitoring within and close to Biscayne National Park and conforms to the Oakley et al. (2003) guidelines for National Park Service long-term monitoring protocols. The specific objectives of this monitoring program are to determine status and long-term trends in: Numbers and locations of active colonies of colonial nesting birds with a special focus on Double-crested Cormorants, Great Egrets, Great White Herons, Great Blue Herons, White Ibises, and Roseate Spoonbills. Annual peak active nest counts of colonial nesting birds in Biscayne National Park with a special focus on the species mentioned above. An annual nesting index (i.e., sum of monthly nest counts) with a special focus on the species mentioned above. Timing of peak nest counts for the focal species.