Relevant bibliographies by topics / Colonel 601

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Colonel 601'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023
Last updated: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Colonel 601"

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Marchand, Philippe. "COLOMER (Claude), Janson de Sailly. Histoire d’un lycée de prestige." Histoire de l'éducation, no. 117 (January 1, 2008): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/histoire-education.604.

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Uva, Richard H., Thomas H. Whitlow, and William F. Clark. "601 Development of Cultural Methods for Beach Plum (Prunus maritima Marsh.) Fruit Production." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 500D—500. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.500d.

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Beach plum is a shrub native to Atlantic coastal sand dunes from Maine to Maryland, where it is subject to drought and low nutrient and water holding soil. Since colonial times beach plum fruit has been collected from the wild for the production of preserves, an activity that endures today as a cultural tradition and cottage industry. Currently, the supply of fruit from wild stands does not meet the market's demand; hence, beach plum could be a new crop for many growers in the Northeastern U.S. For the past 4 years, a partnership of growers, Univ. of Massachusetts Extension, and Cornell Univ. has experimented with standard orchard cultural methods for beach plum production in coastal Massachusetts. During Aug. 1999, we harvested the first crop from our experimental orchard. The factorial experiment evaluates the effects of irrigation, mulch, and fertilizer on growth and yield of beach plum. Basal and axial growth were strongly correlated and were greater in fertilized than unfertilized treatments. Within fertilizer regime irrigation and mulch had less effect on growth than fertilizer. Fruit yield (dry weight and fresh weight) was greater in fertilized plots. Irrigation had no positive influence on yield. Average fruit diameter and °Brix were greater in the fertilized and unirrigated treatments.
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Williams, Patrick Ryan, Donna J. Nash, Michael E. Moseley, Susan De France, Mario Ruales, Ana Miranda, and David Goldstein. "Los encuentros y las bases para la administración política Wari." Boletín de Arqueología PUCP, no. 9 (March 22, 2005): 207–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/boletindearqueologiapucp.200501.008.

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En el presente trabajo se analiza el rol de los encuentros y reuniones de diversa escala en la colonia wari de Moquegua, Perú (600-1000d.C.). El papel de los festines cambió sustancialmente con la expansión de las entidades políticas Wari y Tiwanaku, e involucró múltiples lugares y numerosos tipos de congregaciones. La evidencia resulta de excavaciones en dos sitios principales, Cerro Baúl y Cerro Mejía, y se comparan los contextos de festines en ambos sitios con el argumento de que las reuniones o encuentros públicos fueron fundamentales en múltiples escalas y en muchos lugares diferentes. Mediante el estudio tanto de los lugares de producción como los de consumo se busca aclarar el mecanismo de la especialización de instalaciones en diversos contextos, así como los roles que los diversos miembros de la sociedad wari desempeñaron en la producción de festines. Finalmente, por medio de la comparación del acceso diferenciado a productos alimenticios y el empleo de alimentos únicos en lugares especiales, se aborda la diferenciación social en el acceso a los recursos en la colonia wari de Moquegua. También se analiza la relación entre la cocina y la identidad en lo que constituía un encuentro colonial muy cosmopolita en la sierra sur andina.
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Erine, Khamaliyah Nur, Sakafitri Rimasari, and Ari Sapto. "Eksistensi bangunan gaya kolonial Belanda di kawasan Kayutangan, Kota Malang pada tahun 1900-2021." Historiography 2, no. 4 (October 31, 2022): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um081v2i42022p588-602.

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The history of the city of Malang has a long journey until the presence of the city of Malang is rapidly as it is today. Judging from its history, in 1914 the Kayutangan area to the Malang city square was used as the center of Malang city at that time. This is because the geographical location of Kayutangan is very strategic for trade and service routes and is used as a connecting route between Malang and Surabaya. The pattern of settlements is formed around the square with the pattern following the grouping of a plural society. Most of the colonial buildings in Malang adhere to Dutch architecture. Colonial buildings built before the 1920s have an "Indische Empire" architectural style which is an old European model building. In the years after the 1920s the colonial building had an architectural style of "Nieuwe Bouwen" which had been adapted to the climate and building techniques of the Dutch East Indies. The existence of the Dutch colonial style building at this time can still be enjoyed by the facade of the building. Contextual buildings are designed based on the existing environmental and climate systems to realize buildings that adopt Dutch colonial architecture and the system of structuring the routes prioritizes users' comfort and safety when passing through these routes. The author uses the historical method which has four stages including heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The purpose of writing this article is to find out the historical background of the architectural development of the Kayutangan area, Malang and to analyze the existence of Dutch colonial buildings in the Kayutangan area, Malang in 1900-2021.Sejarah kota Malang memiliki perjalanan yang cukup panjang hingga hadirnya kota Malang yang pesat seperti saat ini. Ditinjau dari sejarahnya, pada tahun 1914 kawasan Kayutangan hingga alun-alun kota Malang dijadikan sebagai pusat kota Malang pada saat itu. Hal ini dikarenakan letak geografis Kayutangan sangat strategis untuk jalur perdagangan dan jasa serta dijadikan sebagai jalur penghubung antara Malang dengan Surabaya. Pola pemukiman terbentuk di sekeliling alun-alun dengan polanya mengikuti pengelompokan masyarakat majemuk. Sebagian besar bangunan kolonial di Malang menganut arsitektur Belanda. Bangunan kolonial yang dibangun sebelum tahun 1920-an memiliki gaya arsitektur “Indische Empire” yang merupakan bangunan model Eropa lama. Pada tahun setelah 1920-an bangunan kolonial memiliki gaya arsitektur “Nieuwe Bouwen” yang telah disesuaikan dengan iklim dan teknik bangunan Hindia Belanda. Eksistensi bangunan gaya kolonial Belanda pada masa kini masih bisa dinikmati fasade bangunannya. Bangunan kontekstual yang dirancang berdasarkan sistem lingkungan dan iklim yang ada untuk mewujudkan bangunan yang mengadopsi arsitektur kolonial Belanda dan sistem penataan jalur-jalur lebih memprioritaskan para penggunanya nyaman dan aman ketika melewati jalur tersebut. Penulis menggunakan metode sejarah yang memiliki empat tahap diantaranya heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui latar historis perkembangan arsitektur kawasan Kayutangan, Malang serta untuk menganalisis eksistensi bangunan kolonial Belanda di kawasan Kayutangan, Malang pada tahun 1900-2021.
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Komárková, Jaroslava. "Cyanobacterial picoplankton and its colonial formations in two eutrophic canyon reservoirs (Czech Republic)." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 154, no. 4 (August 7, 2002): 605–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/154/2002/605.

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Evrard, S., J. Jarry, M. Isambert, C. Bellera, T. Razafindratsira, and J. L. Faucheron. "6016 One hundred cases of delayed coloanal anastomoses: the end of diverting stoma following total mesorectal excision?" European Journal of Cancer Supplements 7, no. 2 (September 2009): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6349(09)71111-5.

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Stark, Antony A. "AST/RO: A submillimetre-wave telescope for the South Pole." Highlights of Astronomy 9 (1992): 587–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600022590.

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The Antarctic submillimetre Telescope and Remote Observatory (AST/RO), a 1.7 m offset Gregorian, is scheduled for installation at the South Pole in November 1993. It is a collaboration including the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Boston University, the University of Illinois, the University of Colorado, and the University of Cologne. Observational tests (Pajot 1990; Dragovan et al 1990) and modeling (Bally 1990) of atmospheric transparency over the Pole indicate that it is the best accessible submillimetre-wave site in the world. The immediate scientific goals are heterodyne spectroscopy of galactic molecular clouds and molecular lines in the earth’s stratosphere at wavelengths near 600 μm. Two early observational programs are a large-scale survey of the CI line at 609 μm and monitoring of the 2.8 mm O3 line arising in the stratosphere. Under the newly-formed Center for Astrophysical Research in Antarctica (centred at Yerkes Observatory), AST/RO will become a general-purpose instrument for the millimetre, sub-millimetre and far-infrared.
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Castro, Luís Felipe Perdigão de. "COLONIALISMO E ACUMULAÇÃO POR ESPOLIAÇÃO: PANORAMAS CONCEITUAIS E O CONTEXTO DE TERRAS NO BRASIL." Revista Brasileira de História do Direito 7, no. 1 (August 13, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/indexlawjournals/2526-009x/2021.v7i1.7575.

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O artigo debate, em pesquisa bibliográfica, a inserção da terra sob a lógica colonial, enfatizando os sentidos da violência e da expropriação de terras e sua conexão com processos capitalistas posteriores. Objetiva-se contextualizar a colonização como um dos marcos iniciais de apropriação privada de recursos naturais, especialmente estruturado com o sesmarialismo e a Lei de Terras, de 1850. O pano de fundo do estudo é a concentração de terras como traço determinante de exclusão de direitos, destacando-se a implantação do sesmarialismo (1530-1824) e, após a independência (1822), a Lei nº 601, de 18 de setembro de 1850 (“Lei de Terras”).
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Lin, Tzu-yu. "Hybridities in a Metropolitan Diasporic Space – Weng Nao’s Literary Tokyo." Archiv orientální 82, no. 3 (December 13, 2014): 581–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.82.3.581-601.

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This paper explores a hybrid space of Tokyo in the early twentieth century in the literary world of Taiwanese writer Weng Nao. Homi Bhabha’s theory will be adapted in order to further discuss hybridities and ambivalence in the metropolitan space within diasporic literature. Amongst other Taiwanese writers in the 1930s, Weng Nao was one of the few followers of Shin-kankakuha (the Neosensualist School), which was established by Japanese modernist writers such as Kawabata Yasunari, Tanizaki Jun’ichiro, Yokomitsu Riichi, Hayashi Fumiko and Sato Waruo, and insisted on presenting literary writing in the form of pure aesthetics. His new and modernist experimental techniques of literary representation and sophisticated descriptions of the loneliness of urban life and the inner desires of the human mind made his works distinct from those of other Taiwanese diasporic authors in the 1930s. However, with regard to his specific writing style and his detailed descriptions of innermost sexual desires, Weng’s works were far beyond what was deemed acceptable by East Asian or Taiwanese literary communities in the early twentieth century and received quite a significant amount of negative criticism. In addition, being long considered to be mocking the writing style of the Japanese Neosensualist School, Chinese critics such as Gu Zitang comments on his works as “not Chinese literature at all” and “not yet totally westernized.” In fact, his literary status is far more important than Taiwanese literati could have imagined during his lifetime. In order to re-evaluate his literary status, this paper begins by exploring the significance of Tokyo and foregrounds its articulation within Weng’s diasporic experience in his metropolitan literary space. Then, I discuss the adaptations made by Weng Nao to Japanese Neosensualist writing, which, I argue, can be considered as an expression of his resistance to colonial modernist values. Finally, I propose to utilize the sense of translation in order to understand how diasporic literature as an act of writing across cultures and nations can be seen as a process of code-switching between different cultural/linguistic systems, which carries across memories and cultures from one cultural context to another. In the terms of form, context and themes, Weng’s modified modernist Tokyo writing reveals his uniqueness and resistance towards both Japanocentrism and Eurocentrism, which distinguishes him as an outstanding Taiwanese diasporic writer rather than as merely a follower of Japanese Neosensualist literature.
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Rassendren, Etienne. "Discontent As Resistance." Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.6.1.

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This paper attempts to identify and explore the varied ideological implications of English studies by constructing a contextual genealogy of the field as it travels from its inception in the colonial period to its contemporary context. It attempts to respond to questions concerning reading practices, pedagogic agencies, knowledge, production, disciplinary formations and identity politics. It is neither theoretically comprehensive nor chronologically systematic and does not discuss the rise of feminisms and translation studies as these areas demand fuller analysis than this space can afford. It prefers not to marginalize these issues with tokenist responses. The principal interest of this paper is to think through the problematic cultural-politics of the field so as to place it in perspective.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Colonel 601"

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Green, Jody. "Clothing Colonial Lima: Dress in Plaza Mayor de Lima de los Reinos de el Peru, año de 1680." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/601.

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The painting Plaza Mayor de Lima de los Reinos de el Peru, año de 1680, which is held in the collection of the Museo de América in Madrid, presents an idealized image of social interaction in the Plaza Mayor with its depiction of people from a variety of social groups. Little is known surrounding the painting’s commission, and recent scholarship focuses primarily on the colonial architecture within the image. This thesis seeks to shift the scholarly dialogue by examining the depictions of the female figures within the painting. As this thesis will argue, both the portrayal of the female figures in different modes of dress and the location of the figures within the painting document the ways in which distinctions in race and economic class were understood in seventeenth-century Lima. By analyzing the dress and the positioning of the figures, the interactions of Europeans, West Africans, indigenous and mixed raced persons are revealed.
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Cavey, Marjorie R. "A COMPARISON OF NATIVE AND COLONIAL AMERICAN CONCEPTIONS OF SELF: IMPLICATIONS FOR COMPETING WORLD-VIEWS." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/601.

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Native and Colonial Americans had vastly different approaches to the world, and viewed nature and other people in quite dissimilar ways. The concept of self is central to this project because personal values and attitudes toward others are grounded in agency - actions that emerge from the self and define the way that one treats his or her surroundings and everyone or thing in it. The way that one's self is perceived is necessarily communicated within the context of social settings. Situation in a world of other people (and of nature) requires that actions be weighed in accordance with agency. The very concept of what it is to have self is a key way to understand a world-view, because the values that are central to cultural communities have their locus within self. As such, the importance of defining to what or to whom one is agent must be addressed. The concepts of self that were fostered in members of tribes and early settlement communities contributed greatly to the world-views of their members, and consequently the treatment of their surroundings. One aim of Native American religions was to cultivate within tribal members the worthiness of respect harbored within beings of all sorts. Native American oral traditions established in members, from early on, the skill of actively listening to nature and the mindset that the earth and its inhabitants should be approached with care and respect. This was apparent in the treatment of nature, for personhood was extended to living creatures of all kinds, and even what we might regard as inanimate objects. Native Americans viewed themselves as vitally related to all other living powers of the world. These approaches to interacting with nature, combined with a word-view that was willing to accept a wide array of entities as beings, instilled a broad concept of self within Native American peoples. In contrast, based on traditional Western thought - foundationally that of Descartes and highly influenced by John Locke - Colonial Americans developed a very different concept of self from which members of this culture saw the world as hierarchical. As a result, selves turned inward and understood personal existence as other than, or separate from, nature. Persons were manifestly cognitive beings with moral agency, and only other beings with the same attributes should be afforded equal respect or regarded as having rights, as such. The thematic that developed as a result was, and still is today, founded upon the value of property ownership and the utilization of property and natural resources for production. Why is it important to look at the individual Native American tribe member or Colonial American community member? Since the actions of each member contribute to the wellbeing of the whole group, and consequently of nature, it is important to grasp how self-conduct that is necessarily a product of the individual self, fits into the bigger picture and affects the attitudes and actions of the individual toward other people and the environment. This coincides with the purpose of this project to show how the concept of self for Native Americans can be illuminating in many ways, consequently casting light on how we might learn from their ways, rather than give the impression to readers that one concept of self is any better or worse than the other. It is my aim to illustrate the unique and intriguing way that Native Americans view the self as part of nature, and investigate how these differing concepts of self, in relation to nature, affect how the these groups act toward nature. My hope is that readers will be encouraged to reflect on their own values and the roles that those values play in modern America, including some of the implications that these concepts of self have had in the past and continue to have for the future.
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Hebble, John. "The Vassall-Craigie-Longfellow House of 1759: From Colonial America to the Colonial Revival and Beyond." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/603.

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The Longfellow House in Cambridge, Massachusetts is one of America’s best known historic homes. Built in 1759 by Major John Vassall, the grand house exemplified Colonial English tastes and was at the center of a cycle of Colonial Royalist mansions. After the American Revolution, however, the house quickly became a symbol of American patriotism. Occupants ranging from General George Washington and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow each added to the legacy of the house. Early in the nineteenth century, the Longfellow House’s distyle portico- pavilion traveled to Canterbury, Connecticut, becoming a colloquial house-type. Aided by its connection to General Washington and its appearance in two World’s Fairs, the house gained further popularity around the American Centennial. This thesis provides the most expansive history of the house’s impact on American architecture to date and is the first to connect the house to both the Greenhouse at Mount Vernon and Connecticut’s “Canterbury Style.”
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Burke, Denis Anthony. "Ulcerative colitis and Escherichia coli." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309075.

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Araia, Berhane Berhe Blau Judith. "Citizenship, constitutional legitimacy and identity in post-colonial African nation-states." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,600.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Sociology." Discipline: Sociology; Department/School: Sociology.
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Bachechi, Kimberly N. "The Pure, the Pious and the Preyed Upon; A Celebration of Celibacy and the Erasure of Young Women's Sexual Agency." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/631.

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Thesis advisor: Zine Magubane
Using content analysis of the three largest United States Newsweeklies this thesis explores representations of young women's sexuality during the early 2000's. While popular culture during this period is focused on "Girls Gone Wild" causing widespread feminist concern over the "third wave's" definition of a feminist sexuality, no young women with sexual agency are presented in the magazines. Instead the women presented, who are overwhelmingly white, are either too pure to posses any information regarding sexual activities, engaged in sexual activities that they are coerced or forced into, or are celibate. The combination of these discourses expose a narrative of female empowerment through chastity that mirrors the Victorian-era ideals of white womanhood. Using post-colonial theory the thesis argues that this representation, combined with the erasure of all other alternatives is indicative of a identity crisis within the collective United Sates conscious
Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology
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Hyatt, Matthew. "Quasisymmetric Functions and Permutation Statistics for Coxeter Groups and Wreath Product Groups." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/609.

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Eulerian quasisymmetric functions were introduced by Shareshian and Wachs in order to obtain a q-analog of Euler's exponential generating function formula for the Eulerian polynomials. They are defined via the symmetric group, and applying the stable and nonstable principal specializations yields formulas for joint distributions of permutation statistics. We consider the wreath product of the cyclic group with the symmetric group, also known as the group of colored permutations. We use this group to introduce colored Eulerian quasisymmetric functions, which are a generalization of Eulerian quasisymmetric functions. We derive a formula for the generating function of these colored Eulerian quasisymmetric functions, which reduces to a formula of Shareshian and Wachs for the Eulerian quasisymmetric functions. We show that applying the stable and nonstable principal specializations yields formulas for joint distributions of colored permutation statistics. The family of colored permutation groups includes the family of symmetric groups and the family of hyperoctahedral groups, also called the type A Coxeter groups and type B Coxeter groups, respectively. By specializing our formulas to these cases, they reduce to the Shareshian-Wachs q-analog of Euler's formula, formulas of Foata and Han, and a new generalization of a formula of Chow and Gessel.
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Липовська, Вікторія Вікторівна, Виктория Викторовна Липовская, and Viktoriia Viktorivna Lypovska. "Біологічні особливості ентеропатогенної кишкової палички." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/6601.

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Bergman, Evelina. "(Av)slöjad : En argumentationsanalys av debatten kring ett eventuellt svenskt lagförbud mot heltäckande slöja." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-6101.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine and to analyze the arguments about a possible Swedish law against the veil. I have therefore highlighted how notions about the veil creates and reproduces power-structures and meaning-systems. I structured the arguments in a pro et contra schedule and then analyzed them by using a theoretical framework consisting post-colonial feminism, orientalism, multi-culture and intersectionality together with research produced by Joan Wallach Scott (2010), Pia Karlsson Minganti (2007) and Anne Sofie Roald (2003). The results of the study shows that the people who either argue for or against a veil-law agree that the veil is an oppression of women and that it must be resisted. To be objective in the discussion of the veil seems to be impossible and the women it affects deprived voice. A piece of cloth has never been as controversial as the veil and the question is whether it is possible to reach consensus on its symbolism, the arguments that I analyzed contradicts it.
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Mettu, Ramakanth Reddy. "Constructing gene expression based prognostic models to predict recurrence and lymph node metastasis in colon cancer." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=6015.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 126 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-126).
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Books on the topic "Colonel 601"

1

Office, Great Britain Colonial, ed. Emigration, North American colonies: Return to an address of the Honourable the House of Commons dated 17 April 1861 for "copies or extracts of despatches relative to emigration to the North American colonies, in continuation of Parliamentary Paper, no. 606 of Session 1860". [S.l: s.n., 1987.

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Great Britain. Colonial Office. Emigration (North American colonies): Return to an address of the Honourable the House of Commons dated 17 April 1861 for " copies or extracts of despatches relative to emigration to the North American colonies, in continuation of Parliamentary Paper no. 606 of Session 1860". [London: HMSO, 2001.

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Das Bürgerhaus der Kolonialzeit in Puebla. Saarbrücken - Fort Lauderdale: Verlag Breitenbach Publisher, 1990.

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Keshav, Satish, and Alexandra Kent. Inflammatory bowel disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0203.

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Both conditions cause chronic relapsing inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but have different characteristics. UC causes diffuse mucosal inflammation limited to the colon, extending proximally from the anal verge, with the rectum involved in 95% of patients. UC is described in terms of the disease extent: proctitis (confined to the rectum), proctosigmoiditis (disease confined to the recto-sigmoid colon), distal disease (distal to the splenic flexure), and pan-colitis (the entire large intestine). The extent of disease can change, with proximal extension seen in approximately a third of patients with proctitis, although there is great variation between studies. CD causes inflammation that can affect the entire thickness of the wall of the intestine, and is not confined to the mucosa. CD can affect any part of the GI tract. The terminal ileum is affected in approximately 80% of cases, the colon in approximately 60% of cases, and the rectum and perianal region in approximately 40% of cases. CD is classified by location (ileal, colonic, ileocolonic, upper GI tract), by the presence of stricturing or penetrating disease, and by the age of onset (before or after the age of 40). Penetrating disease refers to the development of fistulae, which can lead to complications such as abscesses or perforations. An earlier age at onset is associated with more complicated disease. The diagnosis of UC or CD is established through a combination of clinical, endoscopic, radiological, and histological criteria rather than by any single modality. Occasionally, it is not possible to establish an unequivocal diagnosis of CD or UC in IBD, and a third category, accounting for nearly 10% of cases, is used, termed IBD unclassified.
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Anthologia de la Cria Caballar y El Caballo Arabe en España. Seville, Spain: Tales of the Breed, 2007.

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Fowler, William R. A Historical Archaeology of Early Spanish Colonial Urbanism in Central America. University Press of Florida, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813069128.001.0001.

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Founded as a military encampment in 1525, abandoned, and refounded in 1528 as an early Spanish colonial town, the town of San Salvador had an indigenous population perhaps twenty times greater in number than its Spanish population. Abandoned 1545-60, its brief occupation spans the crucial years of the early colonial period in Central America. The well-preserved ruins of this town, known today as the site of Ciudad Vieja, afford a rare opportunity for archaeological study of the dynamics of early Spanish-indigenous interaction and entanglement. Approximately two dozen Spanish cities were founded in Central America during the early colonial period. Few have been investigated archaeologically, and Ciudad Vieja is unique among them for its integrity, preservation, visibility, and accessibility. The landscapes of these urban settlements formed the spatial matrices within which their inhabitants embodied the habitus of social and physical relations of their lives, structuring social encounters through the production and reproduction of social relationships. Their habitus and relationships were products of actions crystallized at prescribed places and materialized in the plans, layouts, architecture, and material culture objects of the towns. The present book emphasizes a modern-world archaeological approach featuring detailed spatial analysis of the town, viewing it as an urban landscape and emphasizing the mutual interactions of the individuals and different cultural groups that shared the urban space. The study is set within a dialectical historical framework for the development of urbanism in medieval and early modern Spain and the early Spanish colonial Caribbean and Central America.
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Correia, Ricardo. O meu país é o que o mar não quer e outras peças. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-1653-7.

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Reúnem-se neste volume peças criadas e levadas à cena pela Casa da Esquina, sob a direção de Ricardo Correia: O meu país é o que o mar não quer, Republicário, Exílio(s) 61-74 e um auto-intitulado Manual de Criação de uma Comissão de Inquérito, uma espécie de manifesto teatral que ajuda a compreender, em grande medida, o modo como as peças foram criadas e produzidas. O género teatral da primeira e da terceira peças é o teatro documental: a primeira sobre a vaga mais recente de emigração deste país e a segunda sobre os exílios entre 61 e 74, sobretudo no contexto da guerra colonial. Trata-se de um teatro baseado na investigação de documentos sobre acontecimentos históricos ou núcleos temáticos dramatúrgicos, na escuta de vozes e testemunhos de quem viveu os acontecimentos, no entretecer de memórias e expetativas de um povo exilado de si próprio no desconcerto do tempo. Na peça Republicário ressoam vozes longínquas como as das utopias de Platão, Thomas More ou de Campanella: os nomes que não são nomes, as origens que se perdem na distância e até o protagonista que simboliza o veículo do saber nas suas vicissitudes históricas, em jeito de evocação memorial da república e da democracia no diagnóstico da sua ausência.
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Sánchez Borrero, Ana Milena. Sujeto e identidades: miradas en curso desde la historia cultural. Edited by Deysi Liliana Cuartas Montero, Jhon Fredy Caicedo Álvarez, Alexander Cuervo Varela, Danilo Duarte Pérez, Freddy Moreno Gómez, and Leonardo Paredes Gil. Editorial Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35985/9789585583733.

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Los ensayos que se presentan en este volumen se inscriben, en términos generales en los estudios culturales, que tienen como antecedente más lejano a los Cultural Studies, que emergieron hacia las décadas del 50 y el 60, impulsados por teóricos marxistas ingleses, que intentaban alejarse de todo determinismo económico y dogmatismo ideológico. Unos años después con el “giro cultural” y el “giro hermenéutico”, se profundizó el interés por la cultura en términos simbólicos, semióticos, subjetivos y discursivos. Estas perspectivas han tenido un gran impacto en las ciencias sociales y humanas, caracterizándose por su desafío sistemático (aunque no siempre lo suficientemente sólido) a los paradigmas clásicos (marxismo, funcionalismo y estructuralismo). Apuntaron sus críticas a las bases epistémicas de estos paradigmas, porque consideraban que en nombre de la razón y de la verdad objetiva, se habrían legitimado los sistemas totalitarios, la dominación colonial y el patriarcalismo, cuyos efectos no sólo se pueden medir por los altos costos sociales, sino también por el predominio de saberes, métodos y lenguajes que no posibilitan la inteligibilidad de la agencia y la voz de los sectores subalternos.
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Lewis, Keir. Smoking. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0338.

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The UK government, in its White Paper in 1998, declared that ‘smoking is the greatest single cause of preventable illness and premature death in the UK’. Cigarette smoke is inhaled because it contains nicotine, which is highly addictive. Nicotine itself has some adverse physiological effects but it is mainly the 4000+ chemicals (including acetone, arsenic, paint stripper, pesticides, and over 60 known carcinogens), added to make the cigarette such an extremely potent nicotine delivery device, that cause so much damage.A smoker dies on average 8–10 years before a non-smoker does. The commonest causes of premature death in smokers are cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and COPD. However, smoking also leads to much morbidity, causing or worsening many illnesses and affecting every system of the body. In addition, it is associated with a number of cancers, including lung cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, oesophageal cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, colonic cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, and acute myeloid leukaemia. Stopping smoking at any age has been shown to improve health and increase life expectancy. Even with advanced smoking-related diseases, observational studies show clinically meaningful benefits in stopping smoking.
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Kealhofer-Kemp, Leslie. Muslim Women in French Cinema. Liverpool University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781781381984.001.0001.

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Muslim Women in French Cinema: Voices of Maghrebi Migrants in France is the first comprehensive study of cinematic representations of first-generation Muslim women from the Maghreb (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) in France. Situated at the intersection of post-colonial studies, gender studies, and film studies, this book uses the multi-layered concept of ‘voice’ as an analytical lens through which to examine a diverse corpus of over 60 documentaries, short films, téléfilms (made-for-television films), and feature films released in France between 1979 and 2014. In examining the ways in which the voices, experiences, and points of view of Maghrebi migrant women in France are represented and communicated through a selection of key films, this study offers new perspectives on Maghrebi migrant women in France. It shows that women of this generation, as they are represented in these films, are far more diverse and often more empowered than has generally been thought on the basis of the relatively narrow range of media and cultural productions that have so far reached mainstream audiences. The films examined in this study are part of larger contemporary debates and discussions relating to immigration, integration, and what it means to be French.
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Book chapters on the topic "Colonel 601"

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Bishop, Russell. "Freeing Ourselves from Neo-Colonial Domination in Research." In Freeing Ourselves, 1–30. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-415-7_1.

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Donald, Dwayne. "Forts, Colonial Frontier Logics, and Aboriginal-Canadian Relations." In Decolonizing Philosophies of Education, 91–111. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-687-8_7.

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Bomholt Nielsen, Mads. "Case 609: African Refugees in British Territory." In Britain, Germany and Colonial Violence in South-West Africa, 1884-1919, 93–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94561-9_5.

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Bishop, Russell. "Freeing Schools and Education Systems from Neo-Colonial Dominance1." In Freeing Ourselves, 75–120. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-415-7_3.

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Steinmetz, George. "British Sociology in the Metropole and the Colonies, 1940s–60s." In The Palgrave Handbook of Sociology in Britain, 302–37. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137318862_14.

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Bishop, Russell. "Freeing Ourselves from Neo-Colonial Domination in Public School Classrooms1." In Freeing Ourselves, 31–73. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-415-7_2.

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Outerbridge, Donna. "What Might We Learn if We Silence the Colonial Voice?" In The Politics of Cultural Knowledge, 111–20. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-481-2_9.

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Gur-Ze’ev, Ilan. "Diaspora, Philosophy and Counter-Education in Face of Post-colonial Reality." In Diasporic Philosophy and Counter-Education, 141–69. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-364-8_7.

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Bhattacharya, Asoke. "Social, Economic and Political Condition of Brazil from Colonial to Modern Times." In Paulo Freire, 1–93. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-515-4_1.

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Chomel, J. C., S. Grandjouan, D. A. Spandidos, M. Tuilliez, C. Bognel, A. Kitzis, J. C. Kaplan, and A. Haliassos. "Search for Correlations between K-ras Oncogene Activation and Pathology, in Sporadic and Familial Colonic Adenomas." In The Superfamily of ras-Related Genes, 153–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6018-6_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Colonel 601"

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Yang, Xiaoguang, Yingying Ma, and Ying Zeng. "Multi-Objective Cycle Length Optimization Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm." In Eighth International Conference of Chinese Logistics and Transportation Professionals (ICCLTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40996(330)601.

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Shagaev, Viktor, and Lyudmila Alyaeva. "MILITARY CONTINGENTS OF BRITISH INDIA IN THE LATE XIX — EARLY XX CENTURY — RECRUITMENT ISSUESH INDIA IN THE LATE XIX — EARLY XX CENTURY — RECRUITMENT ISSUES." In Development of legal systems in Russia and foreign countries: problems of theory and practices. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02090-6-0-173-181.

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The article examines the issues of composition, organization and recruitment of various military contingents, with the help of which the British colonial authorities maintained their dominance in India itself and beyond after the Sepoy uprising of the late 60s of the XIX century. The general principles and methods of recruiting these contingents, as well as the features inherent in their various types, the requirements for candidates when entering the service and the procedure for its passage are disclosed. The article also outlines the problems that existed at the same time and how they were overcome.
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Batsalova, Tsvetelina, Dzhemal Moten, Ivan Butenko, Balik Dzhambazov, and Alexander Vasilkov. "BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GOLD AND IRON NANOPARTICLES PRODUCED BY GREEN SYNTHESIS METHOD." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/6.1/s24.02.

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Gold and iron nanoparticles were generated via environmentally safe metal-vapor synthesis method applying acetone or toluene as organic dispersion medium. Biological properties of the nanoparticles were analyzed by the agar disc diffusion method using Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and via in vitro cytotoxicity assays with different human cell lines. The obtained results revealed distinct biological activity profiles of the studied specimens. Fe nanoparticles (Fe NPs) demonstrated inhibitory effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) produced in acetone as organic dispersion medium reduced the growth of E. coli, but showed lower activity against the Gram-positive bacterium B. cereus. Au NPs derived from toluene organosol demonstrated the lowest level of antibacterial activity. In vitro analyses with human cells indicated mild cytotoxic effects of Au NPs against all tested cell lines. Fe NPs demonstrated time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against colon adenocarcinoma cells. Iron nanoparticles derived from acetone organosol did not induce negative effect on noncancerous human cells, which indicates a good biocompatibility potential. Their physicochemical properties were characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM, SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TEM observations demonstrated that Au NPs and Fe NPs have average sizes of 8.3 nm and 1.8 nm. Characteristics of the photoelectron spectra showed that gold is in the state of Au0, and the spectrum of iron is close in shape to the spectrum of Fe3O4.
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Cho, Myoung-Ock, Sunghee Yoon, and Jung Kyung Kim. "Inkjet Printing of High-Density Bacterial Arrays for Biosensor Applications." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13057.

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Inkjet printing technique has been developed and applied in many areas. This rapid and simple technique can dispense small amount of selected material at intended location accurately. Due to these advantages, it has been applied to the field of biology such as tissue engineering and microbiology lately. We developed patterning methods based on inkjet printing technique employing bacteria, and generated two-dimensional bacterial cell array on the agar media using a commercially available thermal inkjet printer reformed partially. In this study, we aimed to apply the inkjet-printed bacterial cell array to biosensor. We measured the maximum resolution, accuracy and reproducibility of the bacterial array printed at 600 dpi. In addition, we were able to print three kinds of bacterial strains simultaneously using color cartridges which also enabling synchronous printing of both bacterial solution and known chemical. We applied this technique for studying the growth response of individual bacteria to different levels of stiffness, and the chemotactic response of bacterial colonies.
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Musonda, Vincent, and Esther T. Akinlabi. "Quantitative Characterisation of Pearlite Morphology in Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10690.

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Abstract During the hot rolling of carbon steel, austenite phase transforms into a pearlitic morphology, which essentially is a matrix of ferrite lamellae (α-Fe) and cementite (Fe3C). This transformation occurs at the cooling bed after an equalisation temperature of around 600 °C. Pearlitic steels find their use in ropes for bridges and elevators, rails, and tyre cords among others. Characterisation of microstructure has not been broadly applied to pearlitic steels because of their complex microstructures. Therefore, the characterisation of this morphology becomes inevitable, in order to identify potential weaknesses in the matrix. In this study, hot-rolled reinforcement bars (rebars) produced from recycled steel and direct reduced iron (DRI), were used for microstructural examination using standard metallurgical procedures. Although the optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to obtain qualitative microstructure, they could not characterise the pearlite morphology quantitatively because of their three-dimensional (3D) limitation. Hence, the image analyser - Gwyddion Software, was used to quantify the pearlite morphology of these Y16 rebars. The results indicate that the pearlite colony is characterised by 3D single interpenetrating crystals of ferrite and cementite running parallel to each other due to their common growth during the transformation process of austenite. It was further observed that, the dimensional properties of the phases in the morphology in terms of their width and Interlamellar spacing (S), including the roughness of the pearlite colony can vary significantly. These results could be used to enhance the processing methodology of the industrial production processes.
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Astorgues-Xerri, Lucile, Maria Serova, Maria E. Riveiro, Esteban Cvitkovic, Kay Noel, Eric Raymond, and Sandrine Faivre. "Abstract 681: PTX-008, a novel galectin-1 targeting agent, improves the effects of cytotoxic drugs in colon cancer cells." In Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-681.

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Hong, Bo, Fang Chen, David T. Dicker, and Wafik S. El-Deiry. "Abstract 607: Restoration of p53 pathway signaling and apoptotic induction by prodigiosin and its structurally-related compound (NSC247562) in p53-deficient human colon carcinoma cells." In Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-607.

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Shinji, Seiichi, Norihiko Sasaki, Takeshi Yamada, Michihiro Koizumi, Ryo Ohta, Akihisa Matsuda, Goro Takahashi, et al. "Abstract 6015: A newly established neuroendocrine carcinoma cell line from a human ascending colon tumor shows high proliferation and CD133 expression in spherical cancer stem cell-like formation." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-6015.

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Díaz Núñez, Verónica Livier, and Jorge Javier Acosta Rendón. "La producción de vivienda y la división social del espacio, en Puerto Vallarta." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Mexicali: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7625.

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En los años 60 y 70 del siglo pasado muchas ciudades latinoamericanas tuvieron una anárquica expansión a través de asentamientos irregulares, formados por la masiva migración rural, los que posteriormente dieron lugar a la formación de colonias populares. En éstas fue común la autoconstrucción precaria de viviendas y un incansable proceso de gestión y lucha para la introducción de los servicios básicos. Si a finales del siglo pasado se veía ya que la modernidad de las ciudades traía aparejado muestras de un agravamiento en la división social del espacio, en la actualidad, cuando ya han transcurrido diez años de este nuevo siglo, estos problemas son notoriamente perversos. Por doquier se producen desarrollos y fraccionamientos de viviendas residenciales con distintos nombres: “cottos”, fraccionamientos defensivos, cerrados, etc. en los cuales los servicios básicos son proporcionados por los mismos usuarios, mientras que al lado de éstos coexisten barrios y colonias populares con viviendas autoconstruidas sin servicios básicos o deficientes. La producción de vivienda es el principal elemento urbano causante del crecimiento y la expansión de las ciudades. Durante este proceso la ciudad experimenta una gran cantidad de complejas problemáticas, relacionadas entre sí, como los servicios básicos (agua, drenaje, electricidad), recolección de desechos sólidos urbanos, transporte público, dotación de equipamientos e infraestructura, valor y uso del suelo, la vivienda, entre muchos más. En este estudio, la división social del espacio se representa en el espacio urbano, utilizando cartografía georeferenciada, a través de los tipos de poblamiento formados por los diferentes estratos sociales. Una manera de analizar esta problemática urbana es analizando indicadores censales relacionados con el nivel de ingreso de los hogares, las formas de tenencia de la vivienda, tipos de hogar, genero, edad y otras relacionadas con la calidad de la vivienda como número de cuartos, disponibilidad de servicios, disponibilidad de excusado, baño y cocina exclusivo, disponibilidad de bienes, material en pisos, paredes y techo, entre otras características que influyen en la calidad de vida de sus ocupantes utilizando los datos proporcionados por los censos y conteos de población y vivienda del INEGI a partir de 1990, a nivel de AGEB (Áreas Geoestadísticas Básicas). The production of housing is the principal urban causative element of the growth and the expansion of the cities. During this process the city experiences a great quantity of complex problematic urban related between yes. This way in the 60s and 70s of last century many Latin-American cities had an anarchic expansion across irregular accessions formed by the massive migration of the field which later gave place to the formation of popular colonies. In these there was common the precarious auto-construction of housings and a tireless process of management and fight on the part of the colonists for the introduction of the basic services. By the ends of the century one saw since the modernity of the cities was bringing prepared samples of a worsening in the social division of the space. All Everywhere developments take place are produced and fraccionary of residential housings with different names: "cottos", fraccionary protections, enclosures, etc. In which the basic services are provided by the same users, whereas next to these neighborhoods and popular colonies coexist with precarious housings autoconstructed without basic or deficient services. In this study, the social division of the space is represented in the urban space, using cartography georeferency across the types of poblamiento formed by the different social strats. A way of analyzing this urban problematics is analyzing sensual indicators, to level of AGEB based on the Censuses and Counts of Population and Housing of the INEGI from 1990, as the level of revenue of the homes and types, the possession, number of rooms, bedroom and occupants' average, availability of basic exclusive services, of lavatory and kitchen, availability of goods and material in floors, walls and ceilings. Characteristics that influence the quality of life of yours occupants.
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Reports on the topic "Colonel 601"

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Lynk, John. PR-610-163756-WEB Material Strength Verification. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011573.

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DATE: Tuesday, April 30, 2019 TIME: 11:00 a.m. ET CLICK THE DOWNLOAD/BUY BUTTON TO ACCESS THE WEBINAR REGISTRATION LINK Join the PRCI Integrity and Inspection technical committee for a pipeline operator driven discussion regarding PRCI research related to non-destructive technologies for the purpose of pipe material verification and how operators have applied this research in the field. This webinar will include; research project overview, operator case studies and analysis of current technology gaps. Panelists: Mark Piazza, Manager Pipeline Compliance and R and D, Colonial Pipeline Company Mike Kern, Director of Gas Transmission Engineering, National Grid Oliver Burkinshaw, Senior Materials Engineer, ROSEN Simon Bellemare, Founder and CEO of Massachusetts Materials Technologies John Lynk, Program Manager, Integrity and Inspection and Subsea Technical Committees, PRCI Expected Benefits/Learning Outcomes: - In-ditch non-destructive evaluation for material yield strength that has been utilized on in-service lines to confirm incomplete records of pipe grades and/or to evaluate acquired assets - How the data has been utilized to collect opportunistic data as part of external corrosion direct assessments to provide a basis for maximum allowable operating pressure, as well as prioritizing and setting criteria for further inspection and potential capital projects. - The ability to differentiate specific manufacturing processes, such as low frequency and high frequency electro-resistance welded longitudinal seams, have been successfully applied on a number of pipeline integrity projects - Enhancement of inline inspection technologies combined with verification digs have demonstrated the potential to apply pipe joint specific strength data in fitness-for-service, as opposed to lower minimum values set by pipe grade or by nominal conservative assumptions. Who should attend: - Pipeline integrity engineers, specialists and management - Pipe materials specialists Recommended pre-reading: PR-610-163756-R01 Hardness Stength and Ductility (HSD) Testing of Line Pipes Initial Validation Testing Phase I PR-335-173816-MV Validation of insitu Methods for Material Property Determination CLICK THE DOWNLOAD/BUY BUTTON TO ACCESS THE WEBINAR REGISTRATION LINK Not able to attend? Register anyway to automatically receive a link to the webinar recording to view on-demand at your convenience.
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Schwartz, Bertha, Vaclav Vetvicka, Ofer Danai, and Yitzhak Hadar. Increasing the value of mushrooms as functional foods: induction of alpha and beta glucan content via novel cultivation methods. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600033.bard.

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During the granting period, we performed the following projects: Firstly, we differentially measured glucan content in several pleurotus mushroom strains. Mushroom polysaccharides are edible polymers that have numerous reported biological functions; the most common effects are attributed to β-glucans. In recent years, it became apparent that the less abundant α-glucans also possess potent effects in various health conditions. In our first study, we explored several Pleurotus species for their total, β and α-glucan content. Pleurotuseryngii was found to have the highest total glucan concentrations and the highest α-glucans proportion. We also found that the stalks (stipe) of the fruit body contained higher glucan content then the caps (pileus). Since mushrooms respond markedly to changes in environmental and growth conditions, we developed cultivation methods aiming to increase the levels of α and β-glucans. Using olive mill solid waste (OMSW) from three-phase olive mills in the cultivation substrate. We were able to enrich the levels mainly of α-glucans. Maximal total glucan concentrations were enhanced up to twice when the growth substrate contained 80% of OMSW compared to no OMSW. Taking together this study demonstrate that Pleurotuseryngii can serve as a potential rich source of glucans for nutritional and medicinal applications and that glucan content in mushroom fruiting bodies can be further enriched by applying OMSW into the cultivation substrate. We then compared the immune-modulating activity of glucans extracted from P. ostreatus and P. eryngii on phagocytosis of peripheral blood neutrophils, and superoxide release from HL-60 cells. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of these glucans are partially mediated through modulation of neutrophileffector functions (P. eryngiiwas more effective). Additionally, both glucans dose-dependently competed for the anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibody binding. We then tested the putative anti-inflammatory effects of the extracted glucans in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced model in mice. The clinical symptoms of IBD were efficiently relieved by the treatment with two different doses of the glucan from both fungi. Glucan fractions, from either P. ostreatus or P. eryngii, markedly prevented TNF-α mediated inflammation in the DSS–induced inflamed intestine. These results suggest that there are variations in glucan preparations from different fungi in their anti-inflammatory ability. In our next study, we tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-α. We demonstrated that glucan extracts are more effective than mill mushroom preparations. Additionally, the effectiveness of stalk-derived glucans were slightly more pronounced than of caps. Cap and stalk glucans from mill or isolated glucan competed dose-dependently with anti-Dectin-and anti-CR-3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. Using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-inflammatory bowel disease mice model, intestinal inflammatory response to the mill preparations was measured and compared to extracted glucan fractions from caps and stalks. We found that mill and glucan extracts were very effective in downregulatingIFN-γ and MIP-2 levels and that stalk-derived preparations were more effective than from caps. The tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes and upregulating the levels of fecal-released IgA to almost normal levels. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating some IBD-inflammatory associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii. These spatial distinctions may be helpful in selecting more effective specific anti-inflammatory mushrooms-derived glucans. We additionally tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-α, which demonstrated stalk-derived glucans were more effective than of caps-derived glucans. Isolated glucans competed with anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating IBD-associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii grown at higher concentrations of OMSW. We conclude that these stress-induced growing conditions may be helpful in selecting more effective glucans derived from edible mushrooms. Based on the findings that we could enhance glucan content in Pleurotuseryngii following cultivation of the mushrooms on a substrate containing different concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) and that these changes are directly related to the content of OMSW in the growing substrate we tested the extracted glucans in several models. Using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mice model, we measured the colonic inflammatory response to the different glucan preparations. We found that the histology damaging score (HDS) resulting from DSS treatment reach a value of 11.8 ± 2.3 were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans, glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 20% OMSWdownregulated to a HDS value of 6.4 ± 0.5 and at 80% OMSW showed the strongest effects (5.5 ± 0.6). Similar downregulatory effects were obtained for expression of various intestinal cytokines. All tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes from 18.2 ± 2.7 % for DSS to 6.4 ± 2.0 for DSS +glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 50% OMSW. We finally tested glucans extracted from Pleurotuseryngii grown on a substrate containing increasing concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) contain greater glucan concentrations as a function of OMSW content. Treatment of rat Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) transiently transfected with Nf-κB fused to luciferase demonstrated that glucans extracted from P. eryngii stalks grown on 80% OMSWdownregulatedTNF-α activation. Glucans from mushrooms grown on 80% OMSW exerted the most significant reducing activity of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated J774A.1 murine macrophages. The isolated glucans were tested in vivo using the Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in C57Bl/6 mice and found to reduce the histology damaging score resulting from DSS treatment. Expression of various intestinal cytokines were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans. We conclude that the stress-induced growing conditions exerted by OMSW induces production of more effective anti-inflammatory glucans in P. eryngii stalks.
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