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Kaiser, Sergio, Young-Kyu Park, Jeffrey Franklin, Richard Halberg, Ming Yu, Walter Jessen, Johannes Freudenberg, et al. "Transcriptional recapitulation and subversion of embryonic colon development by mouse colon tumor models and human colon cancer." BioMed Central, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610145.
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BACKGROUND:The expression of carcino-embryonic antigen by colorectal cancer is an example of oncogenic activation of embryonic gene expression. Hypothesizing that oncogenesis-recapitulating-ontogenesis may represent a broad programmatic commitment, we compared gene expression patterns of human colorectal cancers (CRCs) and mouse colon tumor models to those of mouse colon development embryonic days 13.5-18.5.RESULTS:We report here that 39 colon tumors from four independent mouse models and 100 human CRCs encompassing all clinical stages shared a striking recapitulation of embryonic colon gene expression. Compared to normal adult colon, all mouse and human tumors over-expressed a large cluster of genes highly enriched for functional association to the control of cell cycle progression, proliferation, and migration, including those encoding MYC, AKT2, PLK1 and SPARC. Mouse tumors positive for nuclear beta-catenin shifted the shared embryonic pattern to that of early development. Human and mouse tumors differed from normal embryonic colon by their loss of expression modules enriched for tumor suppressors (EDNRB, HSPE, KIT and LSP1). Human CRC adenocarcinomas lost an additional suppressor module (IGFBP4, MAP4K1, PDGFRA, STAB1 and WNT4). Many human tumor samples also gained expression of a coordinately regulated module associated with advanced malignancy (ABCC1, FOXO3A, LIF, PIK3R1, PRNP, TNC, TIMP3 and VEGF).CONCLUSION:Cross-species, developmental, and multi-model gene expression patterning comparisons provide an integrated and versatile framework for definition of transcriptional programs associated with oncogenesis. This approach also provides a general method for identifying pattern-specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This delineation and categorization of developmental and non-developmental activator and suppressor gene modules can thus facilitate the formulation of sophisticated hypotheses to evaluate potential synergistic effects of targeting within- and between-modules for next-generation combinatorial therapeutics and improved mouse models.
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Kelleher, Sarah A. "Colon Cancer Survivorship Experiences." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36209.
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The purpose of this project is to explore potential social cognitive and psychosocial predictors of lifestyle changes, including diet and physical activity behaviors, in a sample of colorectal cancer survivors who are at high risk of developing a second colorectal cancer. Participants, recruited from Georgetown Universityâ s Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, are colorectal cancer survivors from families at high or confirmed risk of having a hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome. Results indicate that, at the bivariate level, many of the psychosocial and social cognitive variables of interest are significantly associated with one another as well as with various health behaviors and health behavior changes. Correlational data indicate that lower distress is associated with higher psychosocial functioning, self-efficacy, and self-regulatory ability. In addition, the data also suggest that individuals with higher self-efficacy display higher self-regulation and more positive outcome expectations related to health behaviors. Overall, participants were more likely to increase healthy behaviors or remain consistent with moderately healthy lifestyles practiced prior to their colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment, and decrease unhealthy behaviors. Implications and directions for future research are discussed within the paper.Master of Science
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Pereira, Yara Emantne Amaral. "Influencia do choque hemorragico na anastomose de colon sigmoide em ratos : avaliação com teste de resistencia a pressão de ruptura." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308756.
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Orientadores: Claudio Saddy Rodrigues Coy, João Jose FagundesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Introdução: As complicações das anastomoses intestinais podem ser graves com altos índices de morbi/mortalidade. Vários fatores relacionados à qualidade das mesmas têm sido objetos de estudos, como técnica operatória, fios de sutura ou variáveis bioquímicas, enquanto que outros, não associados diretamente à técnica cirúrgica, são menos avaliados, como por exemplo, a influência de choque hemorrágico. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do choque hemorrágico em anastomoses de cólon em ratos, com teste de ruptura à distensão por líquido. Material e Método: Foram utilizados ratos da linhagem Wistar, com idade aproximada de 90 dias e peso variando de 310 gramas a 380 gramas. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, sendo o grupo G1, composto por 10 animais submetidos à anastomose de cólon em condições de normovolemia e o grupo G2, composto por 10 animais submetidos à anastomose de cólon em condições de hipovolemia. O choque foi instalado através da retirada de meio mililitro de sangue a cada dois minutos, até que se atingissem valores de pressão arterial média (PAM) de 50mmHg ou volume total de retirada correspondente a 30% da volemia. Foram realizadas dosagens séricas de lactato (mmol/l) no início do procedimento e ao término do mesmo. Os valores séricos médios de lactato ao término da cirurgia foram de 1,91 mMol/l no grupo G1 e de 3,69 mMol/l no grupo G2 (p<0,05) No quinto dia de pós-operatório, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e tiveram suas anastomoses testadas por teste de resistência à pressão de ruptura à distensão por líquido. Resultados: No grupo G1, o valor médio da pressão de ruptura do cólon à distensão por líquido foi de 160,7 mmHg enquanto que no grupo G2 foi de 152,1mmHg (p>0,05). Conclusão: A presença de choque hemorrágico, nas condições estabelecidas neste estudo, não exerceu influência em anastomoses de cólon em ratos, avaliadas com teste de ruptura à distensão por líquido
Abstract: Introduction: Intestinal anastomoses complications can be very serious, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Several factors related to their quality have been object of studies, such as technical aspects, suture threads or biochemical variables. Others, not directly associated with the surgery technique, are less evaluated, such as the influence of hemorrhagic shock. Objective: Evaluate the effect of hemorrhagic shock in colonic anastomoses in rats, with resistance test to rupture by liquid distension. Methods and Material: Wistar lineage rats, averaging 90 days old and weight varying from 310 to 380 grams were divided into two groups. In the G1 group, 10 animals were submitted to colonic anastomoses in normovolemic terms and the G2 group 10 animals were submitted to colonic anastomoses in hipovolemic conditions. The shock was caused by half milliliter blood withdrawal, done every two minutes, until reached the value of average arterial pressure of 50mmHg or total volume of corresponding withdrawal to 30% of volemia. Serum lactate dosages were carried out at the beginning and at the end of the procedure. The average serum values lactate at the end of the surgery were 1,91 mMol/l in the G1 group and 3,69 mMol/l in the G2 group (p<0,05). On the fifth postoperative day, the animals were submitted to euthanasia. The anastomoses were evaluated with resistance test to rupture by liquid distension. Results: In the G1 group, the average value of colonic rupture was 160,7mmHg whereas in the G2 group was 152,1mmHg (p>0,05). Conclusion: Hemorrhagic shock, in the established conditions of this study, had no influence in colonic anastomosis in rats evaluated with resistance test to rupture by liquid distention
Mestrado
Cirurgia
Mestre em Cirurgia
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Phillips-Moore, Julie. "Controlled trial of hypnotherapy as a treatment for irritable bowel syndrome." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4983.
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Nineteenth century philosophy and anatomy regarded the nervous system as the only pathway of communication between the brain and body but now, research in the field of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) has provided evidence to prove the age-old belief that there is a connection between the mind (or mental/emotional states) and the body. Researchers in PNI have now shown that the communication between the nervous and immune systems is bi-directional – i.e. there is a psychological reaction to physical disease and a somatic presentation of psychological disorders - and that the immune system, the autonomic nervous system, the endocrine system and the neuropeptide systems all communicate with each other by means of chemicals called messenger molecules or ligands. This paper outlines research into the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) with hypnotherapy, taking into account the mind-body connection and treating both the patient’s physiological and emotional/psychological symptoms rather than treating the physiological symptoms only. In other words, using a more holistic approach to the treatment of IBS. IBS is probably the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder encountered by both gastroenterologists and physicians in primary care. It is estimated that from 10% to 25% of the general population suffer from this condition and that it comprises about 30-50% of the gastroenterologists’ workload, yet the aetiology of IBS is unknown and, so far, there is no cure. Researchers are beginning to view IBS as a multi-faceted disorder in which there appears to be a disturbance in the interaction between the intestines, brain, and autonomic nervous system, resulting in an alteration in the regulation of bowel motility and/or sensory function. Most researchers agree that a subset of IBS sufferers have a visceral hypersensitivity of the gut or, more specifically, an increased perception of sensations in the gut. To date, studies of IBS have proposed previous gastroenteritis, small intestine bacterial overgrowth, psychosocial factors, a genetic contribution, and an imbalance of neurotransmitters as either possible causes or playing a part in the development of IBS. It is generally agreed that a patient’s emotional response to stress can exacerbate the condition. In section 1 of the thesis, the introduction, a detailed description and background appropriate to the study undertaken are provided, including aspects of epidemiology, diagnostic symptom criteria and clinical relevance of the Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Previous studies of various forms of treatment for IBS are discussed with the main emphasis being on treatment with hypnotherapy. All these therapies have concentrated on either mind or body treatments whereas this study demonstrates how hypnotherapy, and the use of imagery, addresses both mind and body. Finally, the rationale for the current study and the specific aims of the thesis are outlined. In section 2, the methodology and assessment instruments used in the clinical trial are discussed, as well as recruitment processes, research plan and timetable, and treatment schedule. Statistical analyses are provided and the main outcomes measures of the clinical trial, its limitations and scientific implications are addressed.
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Phillips-Moore, Julie. "Controlled trial of hypnotherapy as a treatment for irritable bowel syndrome." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4983.
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Doctor of PhilosophyNineteenth century philosophy and anatomy regarded the nervous system as the only pathway of communication between the brain and body but now, research in the field of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) has provided evidence to prove the age-old belief that there is a connection between the mind (or mental/emotional states) and the body. Researchers in PNI have now shown that the communication between the nervous and immune systems is bi-directional – i.e. there is a psychological reaction to physical disease and a somatic presentation of psychological disorders - and that the immune system, the autonomic nervous system, the endocrine system and the neuropeptide systems all communicate with each other by means of chemicals called messenger molecules or ligands. This paper outlines research into the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) with hypnotherapy, taking into account the mind-body connection and treating both the patient’s physiological and emotional/psychological symptoms rather than treating the physiological symptoms only. In other words, using a more holistic approach to the treatment of IBS. IBS is probably the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder encountered by both gastroenterologists and physicians in primary care. It is estimated that from 10% to 25% of the general population suffer from this condition and that it comprises about 30-50% of the gastroenterologists’ workload, yet the aetiology of IBS is unknown and, so far, there is no cure. Researchers are beginning to view IBS as a multi-faceted disorder in which there appears to be a disturbance in the interaction between the intestines, brain, and autonomic nervous system, resulting in an alteration in the regulation of bowel motility and/or sensory function. Most researchers agree that a subset of IBS sufferers have a visceral hypersensitivity of the gut or, more specifically, an increased perception of sensations in the gut. To date, studies of IBS have proposed previous gastroenteritis, small intestine bacterial overgrowth, psychosocial factors, a genetic contribution, and an imbalance of neurotransmitters as either possible causes or playing a part in the development of IBS. It is generally agreed that a patient’s emotional response to stress can exacerbate the condition. In section 1 of the thesis, the introduction, a detailed description and background appropriate to the study undertaken are provided, including aspects of epidemiology, diagnostic symptom criteria and clinical relevance of the Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Previous studies of various forms of treatment for IBS are discussed with the main emphasis being on treatment with hypnotherapy. All these therapies have concentrated on either mind or body treatments whereas this study demonstrates how hypnotherapy, and the use of imagery, addresses both mind and body. Finally, the rationale for the current study and the specific aims of the thesis are outlined. In section 2, the methodology and assessment instruments used in the clinical trial are discussed, as well as recruitment processes, research plan and timetable, and treatment schedule. Statistical analyses are provided and the main outcomes measures of the clinical trial, its limitations and scientific implications are addressed.
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Pedersen, Katherine Lynn. "Comparison of colorectal cancer screening practices between rural and urban providers." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005pedersenk.pdf.
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Wu, Zhaowen. "Symptoms catastrophizing and symptoms-related social hypervigilance among Chinese patients with irritable bowel syndrome." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38780872.
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Ince, Paul Geoffrey. "Vincristine resistance in the colon." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241381.
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Bordier, Emmanuel. "Fièvre et cancer du colon." Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M172.
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Montbrun, Pierre de. "Les diverticules géants du colon." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25131.
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Morris, Melinda. "Clinical and pathological predictors of survival for stage II and III colon cancer patients treated with or without chemotherapy : a population-based study." University of Western Australia. School of Surgery and Pathology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0012.
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[Truncated abstract] Clinical and pathological predictors of survival for stage II and III colon cancer patients treated with or without chemotherapy: a population-based study. Aim: Using a population-based cohort of colorectal cancer (CRC), the major aims of this study were to: 1. Identify clinico-pathological markers that can be used to define a subset of stage II colon cancer patients with excellent prognosis and who therefore do not require referral for adjuvant chemotherapy; 2. Investigate whether there is a survival benefit from the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in a population-based cohort of stage II colon cancer; 3. Investigate stage III colon cancer patients for evidence of predictive markers for response to 5FU chemotherapy; 4. Investigate CRC for age-related differences in clinico-pathological and molecular features. Hypotheses to be tested: 1. A subset of good prognosis stage II colon cancers can be defined using routine pathological markers; 2. Females colon cancer patients gain more survival advantage from 5FU chemotherapy than males; 3. Tumours from young CRC patients have different molecular characteristics to those from older patients; 4. The underlying molecular characteristics of tumour can impact upon the response to 5FU chemotherapy. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 5,971 cases diagnosed between 1993 and 2003 representing over 90% of the CRCs diagnosed in the state of Western Australia. Results: The major findings of this translational research into colon cancer can be summarized as follows: The morphological features of serosal and vascular invasion allow for prognostic stratification of stage II colon cancer into
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Routy, Bertrand. "Contribution of Gut Microbiota on Systemic Response to Anticancer Immonumodulatory Agents." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS398.
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Les anticorps bloquant les rétrocontrôles inhibiteurs du système immunitaire (ICB) ont révolutionné la prise en charge des patients atteints de certains cancers. Les ICB bloquent l’axe cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) ou programmed cell death protein 1/PD-L1-PD-L2 et permettent une réactivation des cellules T stimulant l’immunité anti-tumorale. Toutefois, malgré cette avancée plus de 70 % des patients finiront par progresser et ces traitements peuvent entrainer des toxicités de type auto-immunes sévères. Il est donc fondamental d’identifier des biomarqueurs prédictifs de la réponse clinique et ainsi développer une nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique efficace pour augmenter l’index thérapeutique des ICB. Plusieurs groupes ont participé à décrire le lien étroit entre le microbiote intestinal et la réponse à la chimiothérapie (cyclophosphamide), à la greffe allogénique ainsi qu’aux les thérapies immunomodulatrices (anti-CTLA4 and PD1 Abs). Mon travail de thèse vient à la suite de ces travaux princeps et a permis de montrer que la composition du microbiote intestinal est en partie responsable de l’activité anti-tumorale des ICB dans plusieurs cancers. L’analyse de 249 patients atteints d’un cancer métastatique du poumon, du rein et cancer urothelial traités par l’anti-PD-1 ou l’anti-PD-L1 les antibiotiques (ATB) diminuaient la survie sans progression (PFS) de 3.5 vs 4.1 mois (p=0.017) et la survie globale de 11.5 vs 20.6 mois (p<0.001) par rapport aux patients n’ayant pas pris d’ATB avant de débuter les ICB. Nous avons par la suite analysé par métagénomique les selles de 153 patients atteints d’un cancer du poumon et du rein traités par l’anti-PD-1. Les résultats ont montré que Akkermmansia muciniphila est plus abondante chez les patients ayant une meilleure réponse clinique et une meilleure PFS. De plus, nous avons démontré que la présence d’une réponse mémoire spécifique des cellules CD4+ ou CD8+ envers A. muciniphila est associée à une plus longue PFS. Par la suite, des transplantations de microbiote fécal (FMT) avec les selles de ces patients chez des souris axéniques ou traitées par ATB montrent que les selles des répondeurs à l’anti-PD-1 entrainent une forte réponse immunitaire anti-tumorale post anti-PD-1 comparé aux selles de non-répondeurs. De plus, un gavage oral avec A. muciniphila après la FMT avec des selles de non-répondeurs restaure une forte réponse immunitaire post anti-PD-1 via la production d’IL-12 par les cellules dendritiques entrainant l’augmentation du recrutement des cellules T CD4+CXCR3+CCR9+ du ganglion mésentérique vers le site tumoral et une augmentation du ratio CD4/Treg. L’ensemble de ces résultats suggèrent que la découverte de bactérie immunogène capable de prédire le bénéfice clinique des ICB permettra de développer une stratégie thérapeutique efficace afin d’augmenter la survie des patients atteints de cancer.Mots clés : ICB, anti-PD-1, anti-PDL-1, cancer du poumon, cancer du rein, microbiote intestinalIn oncology, a novel therapeutic era based on immune checkpoint blockades (ICB) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) or programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitory T-cell receptors has come of age. Targeting CTLA-4 or PD-1/PDL-1/PDL-2 unleashes T cells and restores antitumor immunity. However, 70% of patients will eventually progress and drug-induced autoimmune toxicities are frequent. Therefore, predictors of clinical benefit and strategies to safely enhance ICB efficacy are urgently needed. Multiple lines of evidence have shown that conventional chemotherapy, allogeneic transplantation and immune-based therapies (IL-10R blockade, anti-CTLA4 and PD1 Abs) rely upon the composition of the gut microbiota to exert their bioactivity. During my PhD, I showed in a cohort of 249 patients with advanced NSCLC, RCC and urothelial cancer treated with anti-PD-1/PDL-1 mAb that antibiotic (ATB) prescription before ICB decreased PFS from 3.5 months vs 4.1 months (p=0.017) and OS from 11.5 months vs 20.6 months (p<0.001) compared to patients without ATB. Next, using quantitative metagenomics by shotgun sequencing, we explored the microbiota composition of 153 patients with advanced NSCLC and RCC amenable to anti-PD-1 mAb. Akkermansia muciniphila was found to be strongly associated with favorable objective response rate and longer PFS. To validate the relevance of these clinical findings, we brought up two major lines of evidence. First, we demonstrated that in NSCLC patient, the presence of specific IFNγ+ memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells toward A. muciniphila predicted a longer PFS. Secondly, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed using patient feces to recolonize germ-free or ATB-treated mice in two tumor models. Feces from patients with clinical response conveyed a stronger immune response against the tumor compared to feces from non-responders. Subsequently, oral supplementation with A. muciniphila post-FMT with non-responder feces restored the efficacy of PD-1 blockade. In this setting, dendritic cells secreted more IL-12, increasing the recruitment of CCR9+CXCR3+CD4+ T lymphocytes from the mesenteric lymph nodes into tumor beds as well as an increase of CD4+/Treg ratio within the tumor bed of mice co-treated with anti-PD1 mAb and A. muciniphila. The discovery of immunogenic bacteria capable of predicting and increasing clinical benefit of ICB will help for the development of novel biomarker tools and a future therapeutic concept, whereby treatment of cancer can be improved by the modulation of gut microbiota. Keywords: NSCLC, RCC, Immune checkpoint blockades (ICB), immunotherapies, Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1), Microbiota
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Kelder, Wendy. "Lymph node staging in colon cancer." [S.l. : Groningen : s.n. ; University Library of Groningen] [Host], 2008. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/305609017.
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McClure, Diane. "Cell adhesion mechanisms in colon cancer." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=57005.
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Cell adhesion molecules are thought to have an important role in neoplastic progression as they are likely to be involved in the multiple steps of the metastatic cascade. We have focused on two adhesion molecules, E-cadherin and CD44, looking for changes in their expression in human colon cancer. The intercellular adhesion mediated by E-cadherin has been shown to be altered in cancer. We have investigated the expression of E-cadherin in normal and tumorigenic colorectal mucosa by immunohistochemistry. Tumor samples showed a down-regulation of expression correlating with the degree of tumor dedifferentiation. The second adhesion molecule, CD44, has been previously associated with metastasis in animal models. We have shown by Northern blotting that mRNA splice variants with domains IV + V are specifically over expressed in carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry showed redistribution of CD44 to the cellular basal membrane. Thus, the aberrant expression of E-cadherin and CD44 could be associated with malignant progression in colorectal cancer.
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Caldeira, Patrícia da Silva. "Right dorsal colon ultrasonography in horses." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19286.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaRight Dorsal Colitis is a frequent ulcerative inflammatory and ulcerative disease of the right dorsal colon (RDC) in horses, accompanied by protein loss, due to a compromised intestinal wall, usually associated with the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the wall thickness of the RDC in healthy horses (group A) and in horses under NSAIDs treatment (group B) through a transabdominal ultrasound, together with serum measurement of total protein and albumin before (T1) and after (T2) treatment. For each animal the age, gender, breed, and the identification of the intercostal space (ICS) were recorded. The association between the studied parameters was investigated. For this, ultrasound scans were performed on all military horses of the 4th Esquadrão of Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR) for 6 months, which for medical reasons required a NSAID treatment. All horses were Puro Sangue Lusitano (PSL) with a mean age of 11,02 +/- 6,37 years and both genders. Group A included 26 horses, and group B, 22 horses. Overall, the average wall thickness of the RDC was 2,7 +/- 0,76 mm, with the best visualization on 12th, 13th and 14th ICS right sided. Age was the only parameter with a significant positive influence on the RDC wall thickness, with p-value = 0,0247, at T1, indicating an increase in RDC wall thickness with increasing age of the animal. From linear regression, the following equation was obtained: Y = 2,17037 + 0,03926X, where X = age, in years, and Y = mean RDC wall thickness, mm. Gender, breed, PT, Alb, and type of NSAIDs was not statistically significant on the mean wall thickness of the RDC. The duration of NSAID treatment in days showed a statistically significant effect (p-value = 0,049), in other words, the wall thickness of the RDC increases with the duration of NSAID treatment. To the authors knowledge, this is the first report suggesting that the age of the animal and the duration of NSAID treatment have a significant effect on the wall thickness of the right dorsal colon, although others studies need to evaluate the effect of these parameters on others horse’s breed.
RESUMO - Avaliação ultrassonográfica do Cólon Dorsal Direito em Equinos - A Colite Dorsal Direita é uma enteropatia inflamatória e ulcerativa frequente do cólon dorsal direito (CDD) em equinos, onde existe perda de proteínas através de uma parede intestinal comprometida, habitualmente associada a uma administração de anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINEs). O objetivo deste estudo prospectivo foi o de avaliar a espessura da parede do CDD em cavalos saudáveis (grupo A) e sob o tratamento (grupo B) com AINEs, através da ecografia transabdominal, juntamente com valor das proteínas totais e albumina séricas, antes (T1) e depois (T2) do tratamento. Para cada animal foi registado a idade, género e raça, e o espaço intercostal (EIC) onde foi visualizado o CDD. A associação entre os parâmetros estudados foi investigada. Para isso foram realizadas ecografias a todos os cavalos militares do 4º Esquadrão da Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), durante 6 meses, que por razões médicas necessitaram de um tratamento com AINEs. Todos os cavalos foram Puro Sangue Lusitanos (PSL) com uma média de idade de 11,02 +/- 6,37 anos e de ambos os géneros. O grupo A é constituído por 26 cavalos, e o grupo B por 22 cavalos. A média de espessura da parede do CDD foi de 2,7 +/- 0,76 mm, sendo os EIC de melhor visualização os 12º, 13º e 14º do lado direito. A idade foi o único parâmetro que influenciou positivamente a espessura da parede do CDD com p-value = 0,0247, em T1, indicando um aumento da espessura da parede do CDD com um aumento da idade do animal. Da regressão linear, obteve-se a seguinte equação: Y= 2,17037 + 0,03926X, onde X= idade, em anos, e Y= espessura média da parede do CDD, mm. O género, raça, PT, Alb, e tipo de AINE não influenciaram, estatisticamente, a espessura média da parede do CDD. A duração do tratamento com AINEs, em dias, demonstrou ser estatisticamente significativa (p-value = 0,049), por outras palavras, a espessura da parede do CDD aumenta com a duração do tratamento com AINEs. Concluiu-se que factores como a idade do animal e a duração do tratamento com AINEs aumenta a espessura da parede no cólon dorsal direito em cavalos PSL. Com base no conhecimento dos autores, este é o primeiro relato a identificar parâmetros como a idade do animal e a duração do tratamento com AINE, a causar um efeito significativo na espessura da parede do cólon dorsal direito em cavalos.
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Xu, Jinyu Xu. "Snacking, Childhood Obesity, and Colon Carcinogenesis." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461245235.
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Wess, Linda. "The chemistry of human colon collagen." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20294.
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This thesis describes the study of collagen from the human colonic wall in healthy subjects and in those subjects with colonic diverticulosis, in relation to aging of the tissue. This thesis also examines the effect of diet on the collagen of the colon of the laboratory rat, as a model for the study of the human subject. Chapters 1 and 2 describe the background to the study. Chapter 1 describes the structure and function of the human colon and some of the conditions which affect it. Chapter 2 describes the structure and previous studies on connective tissues and the realationship between structure and function. Chapter 3 describes the materials nad methodology used in the work in this thesis, for examining, both the effect of age and diet on the collagen of the colon. This involves biochemical and structural analysis. Chapter 4 presents data from the study of the effect of aging on the collagen from healthy colons and those with colonic diverticulosis. The chapter describes biochemical and structural evidence for altered colonic collagen in the aged tissue. Chapter 5 presents data from the study of the effect of diet on colonic collagen using the laboratory rat as a suitable model for the situation in humans. This chapter describes biochemical and structural evidence for altered colonic collagen as a consequence of a diet low in dietary fibre. This chapter also examines the effect of maternal diet on the health of the offspring. The chapter also describes the possible role of dietary fibre in protection against colonic diverticulosis. Chapter 6 discusses the techniques used and the results produced. The chapter discusses the two theories relevant to the aetiology of colonic diverticulosis, the way in which these theories conflict and run in parallel. The inevitability of colonic diverticula as a consequence of age is discussed. A possible mechanism for the development of colonic diverticulosis is described. The techniques and their potential in further studies is discussed.
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Sundaram, Padmavathi. "Geometry processing for colon polyp detection /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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ORGANETTI, LORENZO. "Tumore stenosante del colon: nuove frontiere." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242852.
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I tumori colorettali si presentano con un quadro occlusivo nel 10-30% dei casi. Il trattamento di questa condizione evolutiva prevedeva, fino a circa 15 anni fa, l’intervento chirurgico in urgenza. La resezione colica in due tempi, la resezione primaria con lavaggio intraoperatorio, eventualmente protetta da ileostomia e la resezione secondo Hartmann rappresentano le possibili strategie. Non è mai stato raggiunto un consenso su quale sia l’opzione migliore, derivando la scelta dall’età, dal grado di occlusione, dalle comorbilità, dagli squilibri idro-elettrolitici, dallo stato nutrizionale e dalle preferenze del chirurgo. Lo stato occlusivo e l’intervento in urgenza aumentano, comunque, le complicanze e la mortalità rispetto alla chirurgia colica in elezione. La capacità dei self-expanding metal stent di ricanalizzare la stenosi e risolvere l’occlusione ha recentemente rivoluzionato la terapia delle stenosi coliche neoplastiche. Lo stenting colico è sicuro, efficace, gravato da mortalità trascurabile, da morbilità molto contenuta e da una riduzione dei costi. Nei pazienti inoperabili, l’endoprotesi rappresenta il trattamento di prima scelta, sostituendo l’intervento ed evitando la stomia definitiva. Nei pazienti operabili, rispetto alla chirurgia in due step, è sicuramente preferibile in quanto evita un intervento ed il confezionamento di una stomia temporanea; in confronto con la resezione primaria, in assenza di studi clinici randomizzati di controllo, consente l’attuazione di un intervento più sicuro perché attuato dopo aver risolto l’occlusione e riequilibrato le condizioni generali del paziente. In definitiva, consente una migliore qualità e dignità di vita scongiurando la stomia definitiva ed esponendo ad un più basso rischio chirurgico.Colorectal cancer could be presented as bowel obstruction in 10-30% of cases. Up to 15 years ago, the treatment of this condition was surgical in emergency. Colic resection in two steps, colic resection with intraoperative washing with possible protection by ileostomy, and colic resection according to Hartmann are possible strategies. A consensus about what could be the best option has never obtained, because the choice depends on the age, the grade of obstruction, the comorbidity, electolyte imbalances, nutritional status and what the surgeon prefers. However the obstructive status and the urgent surgery increase complications and mortality compared to elective colic surgery. The ability of self-expanding metal stent to recanalise the stenosis and to solve the obstructive status has recently revolutionized the therapy of neoplastic colic stenosis. The colic stenting is safe, effective, with a very low mortality and morbility and it's cheaper than the surgery. For inoperable patients colic-stending is the first choice of treatment and it replaces the colic surgery and avoids the permanent stomy. For operable patients it's surely preferable to the colic surgery in two steps because it avoids the surgery and the possible stomy; compared to the only resection with intraoperative washing, in the absence of randomized clinical trials, it allows the realization of a safer colic surgery because it is realized after the resolution of obstructive status and general condition of patient. It allows a better quality and dignity of life avoiding the permenent stomy and exposing the patient to a lower surgical risck.
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SOKOLOVA, VIKTORIJA. "MICRORNA INVOLVEMENT IN COLON CANCER PROGRESSION." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/214611.
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Loss of response to TGF-β occurs in many cancers and disruption of its regulatory circuitry appears as a central event in the genesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) malignancy. Lack of an inhibitory response to TGF-β is common to most colon cancer cell lines. Recently, abrogation of the TGF-β growth inhibitory response mediated by different miRNAs has been reported. By searching for miRNAs in regions showing copy number changes and concordant gene expression in 36 sporadic CRCs compared to their normal counterpart, we identified the miR-17-92 cluster localized on the 13q31 locus, gained and highly expressed at early stages of CRC. We selected the TGF-β sensitive FET colon carcinoma and investigated the relationship between enhanced expression of miR-20a and TGF-β mediated growth inhibition. We found that miR-20a affects p21 levels and has a negative and significant effect on the cytostatic response mediated by TGF-β. We confirmed that p21 down-modulation is addressed by direct binding of its 3’-UTR by miR-20a. Moreover, we observed also that miR-20a is able to block the transactivation of the 2.3-kb CDKN1A promoter upon TGF-β stimulation, but not the activation of the Smad3/4-reponsive reporter. We also found that two of the c-MYC repressor genes, E2F5 and KLF11, are directly targeted by miR-20a, thus resulting in abrogation of the TGF-β mediated repression of c-MYC. Our experiments suggest for miR-20a an interference with the TGF-β homeostasis in colon cancer addressing the up-regulation of p21 expression, through mechanisms involving more effectors of the TGF-β cascade.
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Fabrizi, Eros. "Identification of novel therapeutic targets for colon adenocarcinoma." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/95.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common form of cancer in the Western world.
Despite the emergence of new targeted agents and the use of various therapeutic
combinations, none of the treatment options available is curative in patients with advanced
cancer. A growing body of evidence is increasingly supporting the idea that malignancies
originate from a small fraction of cancer cells, called Cancer Stem Cells (CSC), that show
self-renewal and pluripotency and are capable of initiating and sustaining tumor growth.
Several studies have shown that, with respect to the bulk of tumor cells, CSC posses a
higher degree of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy that could explain the
inefficacy of current therapies. The ability to isolate and study these tumor cells provided a
powerful tool for the investigation of drug-and radio-resistance mechanisms thus paving
the way for the development of novel targeted therapies aimed at the tumor complete
eradication.
The aim of this PhD thesis was to use CSC lines, derived from CRC specimens, to
individuate new potential molecular targets for the development of novel therapies. To this
end four colon-CSC lines were subjected to phosphoproteomic analysis by RPPA (Reverse
Phase Protein Array) technology. Through this analysis phosphorylation levels of various
protein kinases and their substrates were evaluated in order to create an activation map of
the main colon-CSC proliferation and cell survival pathways. In parallel colon-CSC lines
have been screened in vitro to the action of 80 commercially available protein-kinase
inhibitors. This screening has revealed a partial correlation between in vitro sensitivity and
phosphoproteomic analysis, but in this study, was not possible to identify predictive factors
to infer colon-CSC sensitivity to specific kinase inhibitors. Colon-CSC was sensitive to the
inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC), known regulator of cell proliferation and survival.
Among PKC inhibitors, the most interesting was the UCN-01, a staurosporine derivative
that can also inhibit PDK1 and Chk1. This compound has been already used in clinical
trials as antineoplastic agent in combination with conventional chemotherapy. The in vitro
treatment of colon-CSC with UCN-01 has demonstrated its ability to enhance the
irinotecan cytotoxicity by increasing the apoptotic response. The combined action of
UCN-01 and irinotecan caused a marked reduction in the levels of antiapoptotic proteins
such as Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 and the activation of caspase 3.
The in vivo administration of UCN-01/irinotecan combination, in a mouse model of
subcutaneous xenograft, confirmed the observations obtained in vitro, leading to a
significant reduction in tumor growth compared to the single treatments. UCN-01 has also shown efficacy in the inhibition of Chk1, as demonstrated by the reduction of the
phosphorylation of its target protein cdc25. Inhibition of Chk1, an important regulator of
cell cycle, in combination with chemotherapy, could help in reducing the viability of
colon-CSC, thus preventing cell cycle arrest and repair DNA damage induced by
irinotecan. Although UCN-01 exerts its effect by inhibiting the activity of various protein
kinases, this reduced selectivity could be the basis of its effectiveness. The present study
demonstrated that it is possible to identify, among the commercially available compounds,
those that interfere with processes that regulate colon-CSC survival or proliferation and
therefore are potentially able to interfere with tumor growth. The use of newly developed
inhibitors, combined with the analysis of genetic alterations or phosphoproteomic, will
identify factors predictive of response to therapy and lead to the possibility of developing
individualized therapeutic strategies, increasing the likelihood of success of targeted therapy.
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Nascimento, Ricardo Bolzam do. "Influencia da omentoplastia na anastomose colica de animais submetidos a choque hemorragico : estudo experimental em ratos." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309843.
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Orientadores: João Jose Fagundes, Claudio Saddy Rodrigues CoyDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T18:58:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento_RicardoBolzamdo_M.pdf: 2533216 bytes, checksum: 9aefeca7909f74b60e3651473b8a2ef8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: A cicatrização das anastomoses intestinais constitui motivo de grande preocupação na Medicina em razão das sérias conseqüências advindas das deiscências de sutura. Os riscos são acrescidos quando anastomoses são feitas em condições de adversidade, como imunossupressão, isquemia, infecção, uso de antiinflamatórios e quimioterápicos, diabetes, trauma, desnutrição, idade avançada etc. O choque hemorrágico também é citado entre essas situações desfavoráveis, causando dano bioquímico e histológico às anastomoses, não estando bem claros os efeitos ocasionados quanto à resistência mecânica. O uso do omento como proteção à linha de sutura também não é assunto resolvido. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar, através do Teste Biomecânico de Pressão de Ruptura a Distensão por Líquido (TBPRDL) a influência do grande omento sobre a linha anastomótica em animais submetidos a choque hemorrágico. Os animais eleitos como avaliáveis para serem submetidos ao teste foram àqueles que chegaram vivos e com anastomoses íntegras no dia da eutanásia. Para serem obtidos 20 animais considerados como avaliáveis para o teste biomecânico, houve necessidade de se operar 63 ratos no total. Os animais foram submetidos ao choque controlado pela retirada de sangue através de cateter colocado na carótida direita. A mortalidade entre os grupos foi semelhante com respectivamente 41,3% e 41,1% nos grupos 1 e 2. O grupo 1 em que não foi realizada a omentoplastia sobre a anastomose, apresentou 19 casos de deiscência, sendo estes descartados. No grupo 2 não foi observado nenhum caso. Entre os dois grupos não houve diferença estatística entre os parâmetros como volemia, retirada volêmica, perda ponderal, dosagens do lactato e PAM durante o experimento. Quanto ao Teste Biomecânico de Pressão de Ruptura à Distensão por Líquido (TBPRDL) o grupo 2 apresentou anastomoses mais resistentes com valores de pressão de ruptura superiores (p=0,0539) mostrando significância quando comparado ao grupo controle (G 1). Conclui-se, portanto, que a proteção omental aumentou a resistência das anastomoses e o modelo de choque hemorrágico empregado neste experimento mostrou-se útil para o estudo da cicatrização de anastomoses submetidas a essa condição de adversidade
Abstract: Intestinal anastomoses cicatrisation is a major motive for worries in Medicine due to serious consequences stemmed from suture dehiscence. Added risks happen when anastomoses are done in adverse conditions, such as immunosuppression, ischemia, infection, use of anti-inflammatory and chemotherapy drugs, diabetes, trauma, malnutrition, old age, and so on. Hemorrhagic shock is also quoted among those harmful situations, causing biochemical and histological damage to anastomoses, being the effects to mechanical resistance not clarified yet. The employment of omentum as a protection to suture line is not a concluded issue as well. This research aimed to assess via the Biomechanical Test of Pressure of Rupture by Liquid Distension (BTPRLD) the influence of a large omentum on the anastomotic line in animals submitted to hemorrhagic shock. Animals chosen as possible to be tested were those alive and presenting undamaged anastomoses at euthanasia day. In order to obtain 20 animals viable for biomechanical test analysis, 63 animals were operated on. Animals were submitted to controlled shock via catheter inserted in the right carotid. Intergroup mortality was similar, 41,3% and 41,1% respectively to group 1 and 2. Group 1, which received no omentumplasty on anastomosis, presented 19 cases of dehiscence, which were discarded. No cases were observed in group 2. There was no statistically difference between groups in parameters such as voluming, voluming suppression, ponderal loss, lactate dosage and MAP during experiment. Concerning Biomechanical Test of Pressure of Rupture by Liquid Distension (BTPRLD), group 2 presented more resistant anastomoses, with higher rupture values (p=0,0539) showing significance when compared to control group (G1). It can be concluded that omental protection increased anastomoses resistance and that the hemorrhage shock model employed was useful to the study of cicatrisation of anastomoses submitted to that adverse condition
Mestrado
Cirurgia
Mestre em Cirurgia
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Massalou, Damien. "Comportement mécanique du colon humain en situation traumatique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0458/document.
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Introduction. L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer la réponse mécanique du colon en traction uniaxiale jusqu’à la rupture et quels sont les facteurs la modifiant.Matériel et méthodes Nous avons réalisé des essais dynamiques uniaxiaux de spécimens coliques humains. Trois vitesses de sollicitation étaient testées : dynamique (1m/s), intermédiaire (10cm/s) et quasi-statique (1cm/s).Résultats Vingt-huit colons humains réfrigérés ont été testés avec un total de 344 spécimens. Le colon présente un comportement mécanique bicouche. Le comportement mécanique est variable en fonction de la localisation sur le cadre colique. Le sexe représente également un facteur responsable d’une modification de la réponse mécanique du colon. La durée de conservation des corps et le tænia coli ne représentaient pas un facteur influençant le comportement mécanique dynamique du colon.La réponse mécanique enregistrée est différente en fonction de l’orientation de la sollicitation : les niveaux de contrainte et de déformation étaient plus élevés sous sollicitation transversale.La vitesse de sollicitation modifie la réponse mécanique enregistrée avec des niveaux de rupture plus faibles sous sollicitation dynamique.Le type de conservation modifie la déformation et la force nécessaires pour obtenir des lésions coliques.ConclusionLe colon se comporte comme un matériau viscoélastique ductile et bicouche. Son comportement mécanique est dépendant de la localisation sur le cadre colique, du sexe, des méthodes de conservation et des vitesses de sollicitation. Cette étude permettra l’intégration de données biomécaniques dans des modèles de traumatologie virtuelle ou de simulation chirurgicaleIntroductionThe objective of this study is to determine the mechanical response of the colon in uniaxial traction until rupture and what are the modifying factors.Material and methodsWe performed uniaxial dynamic tests of human colonic specimens. Three loading speeds were tested: dynamic (1m/s), intermediate (10cm/s) and static (1cm/s).ResultsTwenty-eight refrigerated human colons were tested with a total of 344 specimens. The colon exhibits a bi-layered mechanical behavior.The mechanical behavior is variable according to the localization on the colonic frame with a more elastic behavior of the right colon and the sigmoid colon. Gender is also a factor responsible for a change in the mechanical response of the colon. The shelf life of the body and tænia coli were not a factor influencing the mechanical behavior of the colon under dynamic solicitation.The recorded mechanical response is different depending on the orientation of the stress: the stress and strain levels were higher under circumferential stress.The loading speed changes the recorded mechanical response. The colon is more elastic in a quasi-static situation and has lower levels of rupture under dynamic stress. Under dynamic loading, the type of preservation does not modify the stiffness of the tissue but modifies the stress and strain necessary to obtain colonic lesions.ConclusionThe colon behaves like a ductile and bilayer viscoelastic material. Its mechanical behavior is dependent on the location on the colonic frame, gender, methods of conservation and rates of solicitation. This study will allow the integration of biomechanical data into models of virtual trauma or surgical simulation
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Aamoth, Kelsey. "Instrumentation and Control System to Quantify Colonic Activity." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459190138.
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Arteaga, Hernández Allan Fernando, and Hernández Allan Fernando Arteaga. "Manejo quirúrgico del cáncer de colón en el hospital Nacional dos de mayo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. http://cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pe/handle/cybertesis/3962.
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En el Perú, según estadísticas del año 2011, el cáncer constituye la segunda causa de muerte, sólo después de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Asimismo, en nuestra realidad hospitalaria, el cáncer de colon constituye un problema en aumento, cuyo manejo quirúrgico es de vital importancia, sobretodo en el tratamiento con intención curativa. Afecta con mayor frecuencia a adultos mayores, a hombres y mujeres; pero, cada día se detectan más casos en gente más joven. De ahí la importancia de un adecuado manejo quirúrgico de estos pacientes, con la finalidad de aumentar la sobrevida y en lo posible, curar.
El tenor del presente trabajo de investigación fue evaluar el manejo quirúrgico de los pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de colon, a fin de realizar recomendaciones al respecto en mejora de la atención de los pacientes que a diario acuden a nuestro hospital en busca de atención de calidad.Tesis de segunda especialidad
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Fiatte, Cathy. "Impact des agonistes de PPARy sur l'adhérence et la migration des cellules colorectales humaines HT29." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ028S/document.
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Les récepteurs activables par les proliférateurs de peroxysomes appartiennent à la superfamille des récepteurs nucléaires aux hormones. Trois isotypes de PPAR ont été identifiés¡: PPAR, PPAR et PPAR. Les PPAR sont impliqués dans la régulation du métabolisme lipidique, dans l homéostasie du glucose, la prolifération cellulaire et dans la réponse inflammatoire. Ils interviennent également dans la carcinogenèse colique et/ou la progression tumorale. Nous avons étudié l effet de l activation de PPAR et par les thiazolidinediones et les fibrates, respectivement, sur l adhérence et la migration de la lignée HT29 dérivant d adénocarcinome colique humain. Nos résultats montrent que les thiazolidinediones et le fénofibrate modifient l expression de gènes impliqués dans l adhérence et la migration des cellules HT29, en particulier lorsqu elles sont exposées de façon chronique. Un traitement long, quel que soit l agoniste, induit l expression de l intégrine 5. La modification de l expression des molécules d adhérence par les thiazolidinediones est, au moins en partie, due à un mécanisme PPAR -dépendant, et l ensemble des effets observés diffèrent selon le temps de traitement, la dose et la nature du ligand. In vivo, les thiazolidinediones inhibent la formation de métastases à distance et diminuent le volume tumoral. Administrée en prévention, la pioglitazone abolit la formation des tumeurs et métastases. Avec la même approche expérimentale, des résultats comparables sont obtenus en utilisant le fénofibrate, ligand de PPAR . En conclusion, un traitement par les agonistes de PPARg et pourrait être intéressant pour l amélioration des traitements actuels du cancer du colonPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family. Three isotypes, encoded by separate genes, have been identified: PPAR, PPAR and PPAR. They are involved in lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, cell proliferation and differentiation, and inflammatory response. They have also been implicated in colon carcinogenesis and/or tumour progression. We studied the effect of PPARg and activation by thiazolidinediones and fibrates, respectively, on adhesion and migration of colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cell line. Exposure to thiazolidinedione modifies expression of several genes involved in HT29 cell adhesion and migration, especially when cells are chronically treated with each drug. Of interest, long cell treatment either with pioglitazone, rosiglitazone or fenofibrate induced expression of integrin 5-chain. Our results suggest that the modulation of adhesion molecule expression by thiazolidinediones is partly through PPARg-dependent activation and that effects are different according to the dose and nature of ligand. In vivo, thiazolidinediones especially inhibit distant metastasis formation and diminish tumoral growth. In prevention, pioglitazone abolish tumoral and metastasis development. Using the same experimental approach, we demonstrated that fenofibrate as a ligand of PPAR raised similar results. Collectively, we conclude that treatment with PPARg or agonists may be interesting in the improvement of colon cancer treatment
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Casas, Díaz Edmundo Clodoaldo. "Vólvulo de colon sigmoides : años 1991-2001, Hospital Alberto Hurtado Abadía." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1449.
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El presente trabajo tiene la intención de dar a conocer, la casuistica y las técnicas quirúrgicas realizados en los pacientes que han ingresado por el servicio de emergencia del Hospital Alberto Hurtado Abadia, con el diagnóstico de vólvulo, en el lapso de 10 años, de enero de 1991 a Diciembre del 2001, por tal motivo se han revisado un total de 208 Historias clínicas que corresponden a un total de pacientes que han ingresado con diagnóstico de obstrucción intestinal, se seleccionaron los casos de vólvulo de colonTesis de segunda especialidad
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Keller, Elizabeth Greer. "Novel chemotherapeutics against lung and colon cancer." Click here for download, 2010. http://proquest.umi.com.ps2.villanova.edu/pqdweb?did=1961333981&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Leyk, Williams Malgorzata. "Summarizing FLARE assay images in colon carcinogenesis." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3132.
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Intestinal tract cancer is one of the more common cancers in the United States. While in some individuals a genetic component causes the cancer, the rate of cancer in the remainder of the population is believed to be affected by diet. Since cancer usually develops slowly, the amount of oxidative damage to DNA can be used as a cancer biomarker. This dissertation examines effective ways of analyzing FLARE assay data, which quantifies oxidative damage. The statistical methods will be implemented on data from a FLARE assay experiment, which examines cells from the duodenum and the colon to see if there is a difference in the risk of cancer due to corn or fish oil diets. Treatments of the oxidizing agent dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), DSS with a recovery period, as well as a control will also be used.
Previous methods presented in the literature examined the FLARE data by summarizing the DNA damage of each cell with a single number, such as the relative tail moment (RTM). Variable skewness is proposed as an alternative measure, and shown to be as effective as the RTM in detecting diet and treatment differences in the standard analysis. The RTM and skewness data is then analyzed using a hierarchical model, with both the skewness and RTM showing diet/treatment differences. Simulated data for this model is also considered, and shows that a Bayes Factor (BF) for higher dimensional models does not follow guidelines presented by Kass and Raftery (1995).
It is hypothesized that more information is obtained by describing the DNA damage functions, instead of summarizing them with a single number. From each function, seven points are picked. First, they are modeled independently, and only diet effects are found. However, when the correlation between points at the cell and rat level is modeled, much stronger diet and treatment differences are shown both in the colon and the duodenum than for any of the previous methods. These results are also easier to interpret and represent graphically, showing that the latter is an effective method of analyzing the FLARE data.
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Turner, Donna Cheryl Ranneris. "Cholecystectomy as a risk for colon cancer." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq23080.pdf.
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Svanberg, Elena. "Patienters upplevelser av datortomografi colon : en litteraturstudie." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-28814.
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Bakgrund: Personer som insjuknar i kolorektalcancer är ofta mellan 50-70 år gamla. Colon kan undersökas med bariumundersökning, koloskopi eller datortomografi colon (DT colon). Nyttan med DT colon är att tarmen liksom strukturer utanför tarmens vägg kan avbildas samt att cancern kan stadieindelas. Syfte: Att undersöka patienters upplevelser av DT colon hos patienter som uppvisar symtom på kolorektalcancer. Dessa upplevelser kan vara fysiska och psykiska. Metod: Sökningar utfördes i databasen Pubmed där sökord kombinerades. Efter granskning av abstrakt och studier i sin helhet inkluderades 11 studier som ligger till grund för resultatet. Resultat: Patienter upplevde lite smärta i fem av sju studier. Procentuellt skattades smärta som liten till obefintlig (82-96 %) och som stark (0-3 %) i tre studier. Upplevelse av obehag varierade mellan lite och lite mer än måttligt obehag i sju studier. I en studie skattade 81 % patienter DT colon som inte till lite obehaglig. Obehag under utvidgning av tarmen upplevde majoriteten som inte till lite obehagligt och mindre andel (30,7 % och 17 %) som ganska till mycket obehagligt i två studier. I en kvalitativ studie var utvidgning den mest jobbiga delen av undersökningen. Pinsamhet skattades som låg i två studier och i en kvalitativ studie kände sig patienterna generade. Oro mättes i sju studier där majoriteten var lite eller inte oroliga. Ingen eller lite rädsla upplevdes av patienter i tre studier. I en kvalitativ studie uttryckte några patienter att de varit rädda under DT colon varav en var rädd för att inte kunna hålla andan. Slutsats: Många upplevde lite smärta under DT colon men det fanns de som upplevde större smärta. Upplevelse av obehag varierade i studierna men ett fåtal upplevde mycket obehag. Vissa upplevde mycket och extremt obehag under utvidgning av tarmen. Patienter var lite generade men 1-3 % kände större pinsamhet. Patienterna var lite oroliga. Då få studier tog upp rädsla är det svårt att dra en slutsats.
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Davies, John McCartan Caswell. "Oxidative damage in the colon and rectum." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493554.
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There is considerable supportive evidence to suggest that increased levels of DNA damage are associated with an increased risk of developing neoplastic lesions in the human colon and rectum. Within this thesis, several different topics related to DNA damage were explored in detail, principally using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay (the comet assay) to measure DNA damage both in cell line studies and in human colorectal mucosal biopsies from patients undergoing routine endoscopic examinations of the colon and rectum.
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Watts, Peter James. "Microspheres for drug-delivery to the colon." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13455/.
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The work described in this thesis is concerned with the design and evaluation of microsphere-based systems for drug delivery into the colon. In initial experiments, techniques were devised for the preparation of microspheres from two sustained-release acrylic polymers, Eudragits RL and RS, using emulsification-solvent evaporation techniques. For Eudragit RS microspheres containing the drug 5-aminosalicylic acid, the rate of drug release could be controlled by the type and concentration of surfactant used for preparation. Consequently, formulations could be produced which released encapsulated drug instantaneously or over many hours. The surfactants may have been altering the structure of the microsphere drug-polymer matrix. Two novel analytical techniques were employed to characterise Eudragit RS microspheres containing sulphasalazine. Fourier transform-Raman spectroscopy was successfully used as a non-destructive method for qualitative and quantitative microsphere characterisation. The technique provided good agreement with a UVspectrophotometric method in quantifying the amount of drug in microsphere samples. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to estimate the concentration of sulphasalazine at the microsphere surface for samples produced with or without the use of surfactant. Across a wide range of microsphere drug loadings, the surface drug content remained remarkably constant, but was consistently lower in the samples produced using surfactant. In a parallel programme of work, using gamma scintigraphy, the transit rate of different sizes of radiolabelled materials through the human colon was investigated to determine whether there was an optimal size to maximise colon residence. There was no clear evidence of any difference in the colon residence time of 0.2 mm particles, 5 mm tablets, or 8.4 mm tablets, under normal conditions and during accelerated transit. In healthy subjects, 50% of a dose of 0.2 mm particles resided in the ascending colon for an average of 11 hours. Finally, an in vivo biopharmaceutical evaluation of sulphapyridine-containing Eudragit RS microspheres in the human colon was undertaken. For this study, a neutron activation technique was developed for microsphere radiolabelling. Microspheres could be successfully radiolabelled by incorporation of samarium oxide followed by neutron irradiation. However, it was necessary to minimise the period of irradiation and the amount of incorporated samarium oxide, since high levels of both were found to adversely affect microsphere performance. The in vivo investigation revealed that the colonic bioavailability of sustained-release microencapsulated sulphapyridine was less than 50% of unencapsulated sulphapyridine powder. This shortfall was possibly due to an interaction of the drug with colonic bacteria or in vitro/in vivo differences in microsphere drug release characteristics.
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Greenhalgh, D. A. "Identification of transforming genes in colon carcinoma." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370416.
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Lee-Six, Henry. "Somatic evolution in human blood and colon." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/289819.
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All cancers were once normal cells. They became cancerous through the chance acquisition of particular somatic mutations that gave them a selective advantage over their neighbours. Thus, the mutations that initiate cancer occur in normal cells, and the normal clonal dynamics of the tissue determine a mutant cell's ability to establish a malignant clone; yet these remain poorly understood in humans. One tissue was selected for the exploration of each of these two facets of somatic evolution: blood for clonal dynamics; colon for mutational processes. Blood presents an opportunity to study normal human clonal dynamics, as clones mix spatially and longitudinal samples can be taken. We isolated 140 single haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from a healthy 59 year-old and grew them in vitro into colonies that were whole genome sequenced. Population genetics approaches were applied to this dataset, allowing us to elucidate for the first time the number of active haematopoietic stem cells, the rate at which clones grow and shrink, and the cellular output of stem cell clones. Colonic epithelium is organised into crypts, at the base of which sit a small number of stem cells. All cells in a crypt ultimately share an ancestor in one stem cell that existed recently, and consequently share the mutations that were present in this ancestor. We exploited this natural clonal unit, isolating single colonic crypts through laser capture microdissection. 570 colonic crypts from 42 individuals were whole genome sequenced. We describe the burden and pattern of somatic mutations in these genomes and their variability across and within different people, identifying some mutational processes that are ubiquitous and others that are sporadic. Targeted sequencing of an additional 1,500 crypts allowed us to quantify the frequency of driver mutations in normal human colon. Together, these two studies inform on the somatic evolution of normal tissues, describing new biology in human tissue homeostasis and providing a window into the processes that govern cancer incidence.
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Zonios, George I. 1968. "Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of human colon tissue." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29636.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-134).
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy can provide quantitative biochemical and morphological information for the analysis of biological tissue epithelium and the detection of precancerous lesions. To investigate this, diffuse reflectance spectra were collected from adenomatous colon polyps (cancer precursors) and normal colonic tissue of patients undergoing colonoscopy. To analyze the data, an analytical model was developed based on the diffusion of light in tissue. The model was formulated in terms of the absorption and scattering properties of tissue. In the case of absorption, hemoglobin was identified as the major absorber of light, and scattering was modeled as a homogeneous of collection spherical microparticles using Mie scattering theory. The validity and accuracy of the analytical model was tested and validated on a physical tissue model (phantom) composed of polystyrene beads and hemoglobin and it was found that it is suitable for application to the tissue data. Four parameters were obtained by analyzing the tissue data using the model: hemoglobin concentration, hemoglobin oxygen saturation, effective scatterer density and size. Normal and adenoma tissue sites exhibited differences in hemoglobin concentration and effective scatterer size, in agreement with other studies which employ standard methods. These results demonstrate that diffuse reflectance can be used to obtain tissue biochemical and morphological information in vivo.
by George I. Zonios.
Ph.D.
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MOYEENUDDIN, SYED. "FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE IN COLON CANCER." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1187033472.
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Santangelo, Marco. "Il follow nel cancro del colon-retto." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1215.
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Introduzione: il cancro del colon-retto (CCR) rappresenta un neoplasia di grande impatto sociale. È la seconda causa di morte per tumore in Italia come del resto in tutta l Europa.
Materiali e metodi: da Marzo 2003 ad Aprile 2006 nel Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Trapianti d Organo e Tecnologie Avanzate dell AOU Gaspare Rodolico di Catania sono stati sottoposti a chirurgia per neoplasia del colon-retto 193 pazienti, e successivamente 144 sono stati sottoposti a programma predefinito di follow up per 5 anni.
Risultati: il primo dato che emerge dalla letteratura e dai nostri risultati, è che il follow up per pazienti sottoposti a chirurgia per CCR è utile.
Discussione e conclusioni: il principale scopo del programma di follow up dopo chirurgia radicale del CCR o qualsiasi altra neoplasia è quello di migliorare la sopravvivenza del paziente.
Il costo della sorveglianza è sicuramente uno degli argomenti più dibattuti in tema di follow up per cancro colo-rettale sebbene sembra a nostro avviso accettabile nell arco dello svolgimento nei cinque anni. Un follow up di tipo intensivo presenta risultati in termini di sopravvivenza migliore rispetto ad uno di tipo minimalista.
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Regadas, Sthela Maria Murad. "Sutura manual em cÃlon comparando os acessos laparoscÃpico e laparotÃmico: estudo experimental em cÃes." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 1999. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=374.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorO objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver experimentalmente a tÃcnica laparoscÃpica de endo-sutura manual em colon comparando os resultados com o acesso laparotÃmico. Foram operados 28 cÃes machos, mestiÃos, com peso corporal mÃdio de 16 kg, distribuÃdos em dois grupos com 14 animais cada. Os animais do grupo I foram operados pelo acesso laparotÃmico enquanto os do grupo II pelo acesso laparoscÃpico. Cada grupo foi distribuÃdo em dois subgrupos com 7 animais cada. Os animais do subgrupo A foram relaparotomizados no 7 dia do pÃs-operatÃrio e os do subgrupo B no 14 dia do pÃs-operatÃrio. Sob anestesia geral endovenosa sem entubaÃÃo endo-traqueal, foi realizada uma incisÃo no cÃlon sigmoide com tesoura em aproximadamente 45% do diÃmetro da alÃa, sendo em seguida suturada em plano Ãnico, extra-mucoso, com pontos separados e com fio absorvÃvel de polidioxanona 000 (PDSÂ). A avaliaÃÃo da sutura consistiu da anÃlise macroscÃpica, do teste de tensÃo da sutura e do estudo histolÃgico qualitativo realizado por dois patologistas. O tempo operatÃrio mÃdio no acesso laparotÃmico foi de 25,3 minutos e de 36,4 minutos no acesso laparoscÃpico, sendo esta diferenÃa estatisticamente signicante (p= 0,001). NÃo ocorreu complicaÃÃo trans e / ou pÃs-operatÃria, constatando-se integridade da sutura em todos os animais de ambos os grupos. A pressÃo mÃdia do teste de tensÃo da sutura foi de 222,86 mmHg. em ambos os grupos, nÃo ocorrendo ruptura da sutura em nenhum animal. NÃo existe portanto diferenÃa significante entre as pressÃes registradas no teste de tensÃo da sutura. A anÃlise histolÃgica das amostras obtidas no 7 e 14 dia de pÃs-operatÃrio demonstrou resposta inflamatÃria mais extensa no grupo laparotÃmico pois a reaÃÃo inflamatÃria restringia-se à muscular externa e serosa no grupo laparoscÃpico. Conclui-se portanto que no presente modelo experimental, a endo-sutura manual laparoscÃpica pode ser utilizada pois apresentou os mesmos resultados do acesso laparotÃmico quanto à ocorrÃncia de complicaÃÃes e ao teste de tensÃo da sutura. O tempo operatÃrio nos procedimentos laparoscÃpicos foi maior embora com reduÃÃo significante e diretamente proporcional à obtenÃÃo de experiÃncia pela equipe cirÃrgica. TambÃm apresentou menor resposta inflamatÃria em extensÃo.
The aim of this study is to experimentally develop a technique of laparoscopic hand-sewn endosuture, as compared to the conventional method. Twenty-eight male dogs weighing an average of 16 kg. were operated on. They were divided into two groups with 14 animals each. Group I comprised animals operated on by the conventional method, while those in Group II were laparoscopically approached. Each of such groups was further divided into two ones, each comprising seven animals. Those belonging to Group A were sacrificed on the 7th postoperative day and those belonging to Group B were sacrified on the 14th postoperative day. General anesthesia was performed without endo-tracheal intubation. The sigmoid colon was severed with scissors to the extent of 45% of its diameter, followed by extramucosa, one-layer polydioxanona 000 (PDSÂ) suture. Suture evaluation was undertaken through macroscopic analysis, sutures tension test and qualitative histologic test carried out by two pathologists. The mean operative time for conventional procedures was 25,3 minutes, while the laparoscopic group required 36,4 minutes. No postoperative complications ensued. Sutures in both groups were intact. The mean pressure obtained by the suture tension test was 222,86 mmHg in animals of both groups, without any no suture rupture. Histologic analysis showed a more extensive inflammatory response in the conventional group; as for the laparoscopic one, inflammation was restricted to the serosa and the external muscular layers. No statistical test was required on account of the similarity of results concerning to sutureâs integrity and complications. Nonetheless, Leveneâs test was used to verify animalsâ weight, t-Student test compared the mean operative time and Kruskal-Wallis test verified the similar results of sutureâs tension test. One thus concludes that laparoscopic hand-sewn endosuture is a feasible alternative, yielding the same results obtained in the conventional group as far as the efficacy and the safety of the technique are concerned. This alternative procedure also produces a less inflammatory response. An intensive training in experimental animals is nonetheless required.
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Wallon, Conny. "Neuro-immune regulation of macromolecular permeability in the normal human colon and in ulcerative colitis." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2007. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2007/med1022s.pdf.
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Stamatopoulos, Konstantinos. "Development of a biorelevant dynamic model of human proximal colon : a tool for designing colon-specific drug delivery systems." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7563/.
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A novel Dynamic Colon Model (DCM) that represents the anatomy and physiology of the human proximal colon was developed. Analysis of the hydrodynamics was performed using Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT) system and Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The pressures generated by the wall motion of the DCM tube compared with the available published in vivo data. The hydrodynamics in USP 2 dissolution apparatus were also assessed using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Planar Induced Fluorescence (PLIF). Areal distribution and individual striation methods showed high mixedness level close to tip. PEPT experiments were performed using particles of different buoyancy. Use of different particles gave different results in terms of velocities and residence times within the DCM tube. PET images showed that antegrade propagating waves of amplitude lower than the minimum threshold used in vivo studies were associated with flow episodes. In addition, flow episodes can occur which are not related to the wall motion. Dissolution profiles of theophylline, a high water soluble drug, released from a hydrophilic matrix obtained at viscous shear thinning media, mimicking the dewatering process in the human colon. The novel DCM provides a realistic colonic environment, enabling biorelevant in vitro assessment of the in vivo performance of dosage forms.
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Hou, Wai-kai. "Psychosocial resources and adaptation among Chinese people with colorectal cancer." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39634346.
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Cálamo-Guzmán, Bernardo, Vinatea-Serrano Luis De, and Alejandro Piscoya. "Polypoid angiodysplasia mimicking diverticular disease." Ediciones Doyma, S.L, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624718.
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Mann, John Clifford. "The effects of diet and ionizing radiation on azoxymethane induced colon carcinogenesis." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4250.
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The ability of ionizing radiation to enhance colon carcinogenesis and the role of diet in this process has not been documented. We hypothesized that radiation would enhance the formation of aberrant crypt foci, ACF, known precursor lesions to colon cancer, by suppressing apoptosis and upregulating proliferation in colonocytes. Diets contained a combination of fish oil or corn oil and either pectin or cellulose. We exposed 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats to 1 Gy ionizing radiation (1 GeV Fe) 10 d prior to injection with AOM. Colons were resected at the promotion stage of carcinogenesis (7 wk post initial injection) and assayed for ACF and apoptosis. Radiation treatment increased (P=0.0327) the incidence of high multiplicity ACF (foci with four or more aberrant crypts) and decreased (P=0.0340) the apoptotic index compared to non-irradiated rats. Radiation also resulted in an increase (P<0.0001) in the proliferative index compared to the nonirradiated rats. The fish oil containing diets resulted in fewer (P=0.0002) high-multiplicity ACF compared to the corn oil treatment. Dietary pectin significantly increased (P=0.0204) the apoptotic index compared to cellulose treatment. These data suggest that ionizing radiation can work synergistically with AOM and increase the formation of high-multiplicity ACF, upregulate cellular proliferation and decrease apoptosis in colonocytes. The data also suggest that diets containing fish oil and pectin may protect against colon cancer by increasing apoptosis and reducing the formation of high multiplicity ACF.
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CONNAN, LAURENT. "La tuberculose colique : a propos de 2 observations." Angers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ANGE1111.
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Barrat, Christophe. "L'oesophagoplastie colique : a propos de 97 cas et de 11 tentatives." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M308.
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Narayanan, Sabrina. "The effect of folic acid and genetic polymorphisms on DNA stability and colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU143729.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of folate on DNA stability and DNA methylation in three different systems. (i) Folate deficiency significantly increased DNA strand breakage and uracil misincorporation in human colon epithelial cells and lymphocytes in vitro. DNA methylation was decreased in both cell types when depleted of folate. (ii) Rats fed a folate-free diet for 10 weeks were moderately folate deficient measured as a 25-50% decrease in plasma, red blood cell or hepatic folate concentrations and a 20% rise in plasma homocysteine, a functional marker for folate status. Folate deficiency specifically increased DNA strand breakage in isolated rat lymphocytes and colonocytes and misincorporated uracil in lymphocytes. (iii) In a human colorectal cancer case-control study, no significant associations were observed between plasma or red blood cell folate, plasma vitamin B12 or homocysteine and lymphocyte DNA strand breakage, misincorporated uracil or DNA methylation. Homozygosity for the C677T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene was associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer, increased plasma homocysteine levels and decreased plasma folate levels compared with heterozygous or wild-type individuals. Plasma vitamin B12 level was associated with a reduction in cancer risk, whereas homocysteine was associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. DNA strand breakage was associated with increased risk, whereas uracil misincorporation was protective. Red blood cell folate concentrations were not associated with risk. Old age (>65 years) and male gender were associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer.
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Wong, Kwun-ping Flora. "A study of MSH2 founder mutation in Hong Kong population." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41712316.
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GUIDICELLI, ALEX. "Les leiomyosarcome du colon : etude d'un cas et revue de la litterature." Amiens, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AMIEM054.
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Arteaga, Hernández Allan Fernando. "Manejo quirúrgico del cáncer de colon en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2013. http://cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pe/handle/cybertesis/3079.
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El tenor del presente trabajo de investigación fue evaluar el manejo quirúrgico de los pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de colon, a fin de realizar recomendaciones al respecto en mejora de la atención de los pacientes que a diario acuden a nuestro hospital en busca de atención de calidad.