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Academic literature on the topic 'Colon (Anatomy) Innervation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Colon (Anatomy) Innervation"
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Stojanovska, Vanesa, Rachel M. McQuade, Sarah Miller, and Kulmira Nurgali. "Effects of Oxaliplatin Treatment on the Myenteric Plexus Innervation and Glia in the Murine Distal Colon." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 66, no. 10 (May 9, 2018): 723–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155418774755.
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Oxaliplatin (platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent) is a first-line treatment of colorectal malignancies; its use associates with peripheral neuropathies and gastrointestinal side effects. These gastrointestinal dysfunctions might be due to toxic effects of oxaliplatin on the intestinal innervation and glia. Male Balb/c mice received intraperitoneal injections of sterile water or oxaliplatin (3 mg/kg/d) triweekly for 2 weeks. Colon tissues were collected for immunohistochemical assessment at day 14. The density of sensory, adrenergic, and cholinergic nerve fibers labeled with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), respectively, was assessed within the myenteric plexus of the distal colon. The number and proportion of excitatory neurons immunoreactive (IR) against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were counted, and the density of glial subpopulations was determined by using antibodies specific for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and s100β protein. Oxaliplatin treatment induced significant reduction of sensory and adrenergic innervations, as well as the total number and proportion of ChAT-IR neurons, and GFAP-IR glia, but increased s100β expression within the myenteric plexus of the distal colon. Treatment with oxaliplatin significantly alters nerve fibers and glial cells in the colonic myenteric plexus, which could contribute to long-term gastrointestinal side effects following chemotherapeutic treatment.
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Struller, Florian, Frank-Jürgen Weinreich, Philipp Horvath, Marios-Konstantinos Kokkalis, Stefan Beckert, Alfred Königsrainer, and Marc A. Reymond. "Peritoneal innervation: embryology and functional anatomy." Pleura and Peritoneum 2, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pp-2017-0024.
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AbstractThe parietal peritoneum (PP) is innervated by somatic and visceral afferent nerves. PP receives sensitive branches from the lower intercostal nerves and from the upper lumbar nerves. Microscopically, a dense network of unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibers can be found all over the PP. The unmyelinated fibers are thin and are ending just underneath the PP. The myelinated fibers can penetrate the PP to reach the peritoneal cavity, where they lose their myelin sheath and are exposed to somatic and nociceptive stimuli. PP is sensitive to pain, pressure, touch, friction, cutting and temperature. Noxious stimuli are perceived as a localized, sharp pain. The visceral peritoneum (VP) itself is not innervated, but the sub-mesothelial tissue is innervated by the autonomous nerve system. In contrast to the PP, the visceral submesothelium also receives fibers from the vagal nerve, in addition to the spinal nerves. VP responds primarily to traction and pressure; not to cutting, burning or electrostimulation. Painful stimuli of the VP are poorly localized and dull. Pain in a foregut structure (stomach, duodenum or biliary tract) is referred to the epigastric region, pain in a midgut structure (appendix, jejunum, or ileum) to the periumbilical area and pain from a hindgut source (distal colon or rectum) is referred to the lower abdomen or suprapubic region. Peritoneal adhesions can contain nerve endings. Neurotransmitters are acetylcholine, VIP, serotonin, NO, encephalins, CGRP and substance P. Chronic peritoneal pain can be exacerbated by neurogenic inflammation, e.g. by endometriosis.
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Porcher, Christophe, Yvon Julé, and Monique Henry. "A Qualitative and Quantitative Study on the Enkephalinergic Innervation of the Pig Gastrointestinal Tract." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 48, no. 3 (March 2000): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540004800303.
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Enkephalins are involved in neural control of digestive functions such as motility, secretion, and absorption. To better understand their role in pigs, we analyzed the qualitative and quantitative distribution of enkephalin immunoreactivity (ENK-IR) in components of the intestinal wall from the esophagus to the anal sphincter. Immunohistochemical labelings were analyzed using conventional fluorescence and confocal microscopy. ENK-IR was compared with the synaptophysin immunoreactivity (SYN-IR). The results show that maximal ENK-IR levels in the entire digestive tract are reached in the myenteric plexuses and, to a lesser extent, in the external submucous plexus and the circular muscle layer. In the longitudinal muscle layer, ENK-IR was present in the esophagus, stomach, rectum, and anal sphincter, whereas it was absent from the duodenum to the distal colon. In the ENK-IR plexuses and muscle layers, more than 60% of the nerve fibers identified by SYN-IR expressed ENK-IR. No ENK-IR was observed in the internal submucous plexus and the mucosa; the latter was found to contain ENK-IR endocrine cells. These results strongly suggest that, in pigs, enkephalins play a major role in the regulatory mechanisms that underlie the neural control of digestive motility.
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Mirilas, Petros, and John E. Skandalakis. "Surgical Anatomy of the Retroperitoneal Spaces, Part IV: Retroperitoneal Nerves." American Surgeon 76, no. 3 (March 2010): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481007600303.
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We present surgicoanatomical topographic relations of nerves and plexuses in the retroperitoneal space: 1) six named parietal nerves, branches of the lumbar plexus: iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, obturator, femoral. 2) The sacral plexus is formed by the lumbosacral trunk, ventral rami of S1–S3, and part of S4; the remainder of S4 joining the coccygeal plexus. From this plexus originate the superior gluteal nerve, which passes backward through the greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscle; the inferior gluteal nerve also courses through the greater sciatic foramen, but below the piriformis; 3) sympathetic trunks: right and left lumbar sympathetic trunks, which comprise four interconnected ganglia, and the pelvic chains; 4) greater, lesser, and least thoracic splanchnic nerves (sympathetic), which pass the diaphragm and join celiac ganglia; 5) four lumbar splanchnic nerves (sympathetic), which arise from lumbar sympathetic ganglia; 6) pelvic splanchnic nerves (nervi erigentes), providing parasympathetic innervation to the descending colon and pelvic splanchna; and 7) autonomic (prevertebral) plexuses, formed by the vagus nerves, splanchnic nerves, and ganglia (celiac, superior mesenteric, aorticorenal). They include sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory (mainly pain) fibers. The autonomic plexuses comprise named parts: aortic, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, superior hypogastric, and inferior hypogastric (hypogastric nerves).
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Romero-Reverón, Rafael. "A VENEZUELAN ANATOMIST CITED IN THE HUMAN ANATOMY TREATISE TESTUT-LATARJET." Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal 8, no. 4 (2020): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2020;8(4):402-406.
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Le traité d'anatomie Testut-Latarjet (The human anatomy Testut-Latarjet treatise) published in 1887, is considered one of the most complete on human anatomy, with detailed descriptions of the human body and anthropological concepts, accompanied by philosophical and anthropological concepts. This anatomy treatise is still a very useful teaching tool in many Latin American and European Medical Faculties. In 1902, this anatomical treatise won the Saintour Prize, awarded by the French Academy of Medicine and since 1910 it has been translated into Spanish, Italian, German and other languages. The Testut-Latarjet treatise on human anatomy consists of four volumes with a total of 4,935 pages in its 1960 Spanish edition, as well as 4,144 highly detailed illustrations in color. The 1960 Spanish edition of Testut-Latarjet treatise in its volume IV included a citing of the doctoral thesis: El elemento nervioso en el apendice libre. Sus aplicaciones quirurgicas (External innervation of the cecal appendix: its surgical applications) written in 1943 by Rubén Rodríguez Escovar, M. D., a Venezuelan anatomist and surgeon, who held the Department of Human Anatomy at the Universidad Central de Venezuela, distinguishing himself as teacher and researcher over a period of 40 years. Certainly, Rubén Rodriguez Escovar is not in the greatest group of prominent anatomists mentioned in the Treatise. Nevertheless, on merit alone for his research about meso-appendicular region’s innervations, he was cited into Testut-Latarjet‘s treatise. As far as the present author knows, Rubén Rodriguez Escovar is the sole Non-European anatomist to be mentioned in the outstanding Testut-Latarjet Human Anatomy Treatise.
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Underwood, Robert A., Nicole S. Gibran, Lara A. Muffley, Marcia L. Usui, and John E. Olerud. "Color Subtractive–Computer-assisted Image Analysis for Quantification of Cutaneous Nerves in a Diabetic Mouse Model." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 49, no. 10 (October 2001): 1285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540104901011.
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Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a valuable tool for labeling structures in tissue samples. Quantification of immunolabeled structures using traditional approaches has proved to be difficult. Manual counts of IHC-stained structures are inherently biased, require multiple observers, and generate qualitative data. Stereological methods provide accurate quantification but are complex and labor-intensive when staining must be compared among large numbers of samples. In an effort to quickly, objectively, and reproducibly quantify cutaneous innervation in a large number of counterstained tissue sections, we developed a color subtractive–computer-assisted image analysis (CS–CAIA) system. To develop and test the CS–CAIA method, tissue sections of diabetic (db/db) mouse skin and their wild-type (db/–) littermates were stained by IHC for the neural marker PGP 9.5. The brown-red PGP 9.5 peroxidase stain was colorimetrically isolated through a scripted process of color background removal. The remaining stain was thresholded and binarized for computer determination of nerve profile counts (number of stained regions), area fraction (total area of nerve profiles per unit area of tissue), and area density (total number of nerve profiles per unit area of tissue). Using CS–CAIA, epidermal nerve profile counts, area fraction, and area density were significantly lower in db/db compared to db/– mice.
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Lin, Anthony Y., Peng Du, Philip G. Dinning, John W. Arkwright, Jozef P. Kamp, Leo K. Cheng, Ian P. Bissett, and Gregory O'Grady. "High-resolution anatomic correlation of cyclic motor patterns in the human colon: Evidence of a rectosigmoid brake." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 312, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): G508—G515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00021.2017.
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Colonic cyclic motor patterns (CMPs) have been hypothesized to act as a brake to limit rectal filling. However, the spatiotemporal profile of CMPs, including anatomic origins and distributions, remains unclear. This study characterized colonic CMPs using high-resolution (HR) manometry (72 sensors, 1-cm resolution) and their relationship with proximal antegrade propagating events. Nine healthy volunteers were recruited. Recordings were performed over 4 h, with a 700-kcal meal given after 2 h. Propagating events were visually identified and analyzed by pattern, origin, amplitude, extent of propagation, velocity, and duration. Manometric data were normalized using anatomic landmarks identified on abdominal radiographs. These were mapped over a three-dimensional anatomic model. CMPs comprised a majority of detected propagating events. Most occurred postprandially and were retrograde propagating events (84.9 ± 26.0 retrograde vs. 14.3 ± 11.8 antegrade events/2 h, P = 0.004). The dominant sites of initiation for retrograde CMPs were in the rectosigmoid region, with patterns proximally propagating by a mean distance of 12.4 ± 0.3 cm. There were significant differences in the characteristics of CMPs depending on the direction of travel and site of initiation. Association analysis showed that proximal antegrade propagating events occurred independently of CMPs. This study accurately characterized CMPs with anatomic correlation. CMPs were unlikely to be triggered by proximal antegrade propagating events in our study context. However, the distal origin and prominence of retrograde CMPs could still act as a mechanism to limit rectal filling and support the theory of a “rectosigmoid brake.” NEW & NOTEWORTHY Retrograde cyclic motor patterns (CMPs) are the dominant motor patterns in a healthy prepared human colon. The major sites of initiation are in the rectosigmoid region, with retrograde propagation, supporting the idea of a “rectosigmoid brake.” A significant increase in the number of CMPs is seen after a meal. In our study context, the majority of CMPs occurred independent of proximal propagating events, suggesting that CMPs are primarily controlled by external innervation.
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Feng, Bin, Pablo R. Brumovsky, and Gerald F. Gebhart. "Differential roles of stretch-sensitive pelvic nerve afferents innervating mouse distal colon and rectum." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 298, no. 3 (March 2010): G402—G409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00487.2009.
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Information about colorectal distension (i.e., colorectal dilation by increased intraluminal pressure) is primarily encoded by stretch-sensitive colorectal afferents in the pelvic nerve (PN). Despite anatomic differences between rectum and distal colon, little is known about the functional roles of colonic vs. rectal afferents in the PN pathway or the quantitative nature of mechanosensory encoding. We utilized an in vitro mouse colorectum-PN preparation to investigate pressure-encoding characteristics of colorectal afferents. The colorectum with PN attached was dissected, opened longitudinally, and pinned flat in a Sylgard-lined chamber. Action potentials of afferent fibers evoked by circumferential stretch (servo-controlled force actuator) were recorded from the PN. Stretch-sensitive fibers were categorized into the following four groups: colonic muscular, colonic muscular/mucosal, rectal muscular, and rectal muscular/mucosal. Seventy-nine stretch-sensitive PN afferents evenly distributed into the above four groups were studied. Rectal muscular afferents had significantly greater stretch-responses than the other three groups. Virtually all rectal afferents (98%) had low thresholds for response and encoded stimulus intensity into the noxious range without obvious saturation. Most colonic afferents (72%) also had low thresholds (<14 mmHg), but a significant proportion (28%) had high thresholds (>18 mmHg) for response. These high-threshold colonic afferents were sensitized to stretch by inflammatory soup; response threshold was significantly reduced (from 23 to 12 mmHg), and response magnitude significantly increased. These results suggest that the encoding of mechanosensory information differs between colonic and rectal stretch-sensitive PN afferents. Rectal afferents have a wide response range to stretch, whereas high-threshold colonic afferents likely contribute to visceral nociception.
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Chu, Daniel I., and Margaret M. Romine. "The Colon, Appendix, Rectum, and Anus." DeckerMed Surgery, February 1, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/surg.2218.
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The colon, appendix, rectum, and anus have unique anatomic features, both structural and functional, that contribute to normal and pathologic states. Structural features discussed in this review include the layers of the intestinal wall, vascular anatomy, lymphatic drainage, and innervation. Functional features highlighted include the role(s) each organ plays in immunity, nutrient absorption, electrolyte secretion, water absorption, continence, and elimination of waste. A clear understanding of these structural and functional details is the foundation on which surgical techniques and treatment strategies are based when addressing surgical pathology. Key words: anus, appendix, colon, colorectal pathology, colorectal surgery, rectum
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Chu, Daniel I., and Margaret M. Romine. "The Colon, Appendix, Rectum, and Anus." DeckerMed Medicine, February 1, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/im.2218.
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The colon, appendix, rectum, and anus have unique anatomic features, both structural and functional, that contribute to normal and pathologic states. Structural features discussed in this review include the layers of the intestinal wall, vascular anatomy, lymphatic drainage, and innervation. Functional features highlighted include the role(s) each organ plays in immunity, nutrient absorption, electrolyte secretion, water absorption, continence, and elimination of waste. A clear understanding of these structural and functional details is the foundation on which surgical techniques and treatment strategies are based when addressing surgical pathology. This review contains 7 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 58 references. Key words: anus, appendix, colon, colorectal pathology, colorectal surgery, rectum
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Colon (Anatomy) Innervation"
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Flachsenberger, Wolfgang Arthur. "Studies on the peristaltic reflex /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf571.pdf.
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Lynn, Penelope Ann. "An electrophysiological investigation of colonic afferent sensitivity in the rat and mouse - in vitro." 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl989.pdf.
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Lynn, P. A. "An electrophysiological investigation of colonic afferent sensitivity in the rat and mouse - in vitro / Penelope Ann Lynn." 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19795.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-156)156 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Two novel in vitro preparations were developed from which recordings were made from colonic afferents in the rat and mouse.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine, 2001
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Flachsenberger, Wolfgang Arthur. "Studies on the peristaltic reflex / by Wolfgang Arthur Flachsenberger." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20368.
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