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Journal articles on the topic 'Colometria'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Santé, Paolo. "La parodo dell’Eracle di Euripide: tradizione critica della colometria e del testo." Myrtia 36 (November 11, 2021): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/myrtia.460511.

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Analizo el texto y la colometría de los mss. Laurentianus plut. 32,2 (L) y Laurentianus conv. soppr. 172 + Palatinus gr. 287 (P) para el canto de entrada del coro de Heracles. Muchos lugares han sido discutidos y corregidos por un autorizado grupo de filólogos. Los discutiré nuevamente, proponiendo una defensa del texto antiguo y la colometría donde creo haber encontrado argumentos adecuados. Las ediciones modernas modifican la colometría en varios lugares, anulando la mezcla de cola yámbicos y trocaicos, que en cambio tiene su propia ratio. La presencia de los ἴαμβοι podría remontarse al género ialemos, una forma de lamento fúnebre, y la mezcla con los τροχαῖοι es típica del estilo de Eurípides, cuando quiere insistir en un tono sombrío y lúgubre. Cuando la atención de los ancianos de sí mismos se desplaza a los niños de Heracles, la versificación se vuelve en hypodochmi y τροχαῖοι como resultado de un tono más trepidante. This work analyzes text and colometry of mss. Laurentianus plut. 32,2 (L) and Laurentianus conv. soppr. 172 + Palatinus gr. 287 (P) for the chorus’ entrance song of Heracles. Many places have been discussed and corrected by an authoritative group of philologists. I will re-discuss them, proposing a defense of the ancient text and colometry, where I believe I have found suitable arguments. The modern editions modify the colometry in several places, cancelling the mixture of iambic and trochaic cola, which instead has its own ratio. The presence of ἴαμβοι could be traced back to ialemos genus, a form of funeral lament, and the mixture with τροχαῖοι is typical of Euripide’s style, when he wants to insist on a sombre and mournful tone. When the attention of the elderly people from themselves shifts to Heracles’ children, the versification turns into hypodochmi and τροχαῖοι as a result of a more trepidating tone.
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2

Giannini, Pietro. "Alcune precisazioni sul papiro musicale dell'Oreste e sulla colometria antica." Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica 78, no. 3 (2004): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20546831.

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3

Santé, Paolo. "Un apolelymenon dell’Eracle di Euripide (vv. 1016-1038)." Myrtia 37 (November 28, 2022): 4–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/myrtia.523011.

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In this brief apolelymenon, the analysis of text and colometry of L and P reveals how the ancient colometry and the multiple lessons discarded by modern conjectures that have converged into recent critical editions, including the standard edition of Euripides, Diggle’s OCT, have the potential to be original. These are πάτρα (v. 1016), ἄριστος (v. 1017), ἰᾱχήσω (v. 1027), τάδε(v. 1032), ἐκποδὼν φόνου (v. 1036) and ἀμφὶκίοσιν (v. 1038). The lesson πρὸς πατρὸς (v. 1032) is remarkable: it is present in some codices recentiores never considered because they are codices descripti. Perhaps it is also the lesson of L, before Triclinius’ intervention: the deletion of sigmato obtain πρὸπατρὸς can be contextualized in the most trivial of his interventions, the creation of aniambic trimeter. The modern scholarly editions certainly represent the ineludible end point in the long journey of Euripides’ text. But it may be that some stages of this long journey have not been well understood. En este breve apolelymenon, el análisis del texto y la colometría de L y P revela cómo la colometría antigua y las múltiples lecciones descartadas por conjeturas modernas que han confluido en las ediciones críticas recientes, incluida la edición estándar de Eurípides, el OCT de Diggle, tienen el potencial de ser originales. Se trata de πάτρα (v. 1016), ἄριστος (v. 1017), ἰᾱχήσω (v. 1027), τάδε (v. 1032), ἐκποδὼν φόνου (v. 1036) y ἀμφὶ κίοσιν (v. 1038). La lección πρὸς πατρὸς (v. 1032) es notable: está presente en algunos codices recentiores nunca considerados por ser codices descripti. Tal vez sea también la lección de L, antes de la intervención de Triclinius: la supresión de sigma para obtener πρὸ πατρὸς puede contextualizarse en la más trivial de sus intervenciones, la creación de un trímetro yámbico. Las ediciones eruditas modernas representan ciertamente el punto final ineludible en el largo viaje del texto de Eurípides. Pero puede ser que algunas etapas de este largo viaje no hayan sido bien comprendidas. En este breve apolelymenon se han corregido muchos lugares. Pero la colometría antigua y algunas lecciones descartadas por las conjeturas modernas (πάτρα v. 1016, ἄριστος v. 1017, ἰᾱχήσω v. 1027, ἐκποδὼν φόνου v. 1036, ἀμφὶ κίοσιν v. 1038) tienen la posibilidad de ser los originales. En el v. 1032 la lección delos recentiores πρὸς πατρὸς, así como quizás del ms. L ante de la intervención deTriclinius, nunca se ha tenido en cuenta ya que son codices descripti. Sin embargo,la posible supresión de la letra sigma de πρὸς por parte de Triclinius puedecontextualizarse en la más trivial de sus intervenciones: la creación de un trímetroyámbico. Las ediciones eruditas modernas son la culminación indispensable dellargo recorrido del texto de Eurípides. Pero puede ocurrir que algunas etapas de estelargo viaje no hayan sido comprendidas.
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4

Marschall, Priscille. "Christ est-il appelé Dieu en Romains 9:5 ?" Novum Testamentum 64, no. 4 (September 9, 2022): 450–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10030.

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Abstract When working on Rom 9:5, exegetes face a crucial punctuation issue. The challenge consists in determining whether the expression ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων θεὸς εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας (9:5b) should be read as an independent clause, or, rather, as a relative clause attached with ὁ Χριστὸς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα (9:5a). According to the first option, Paul merely concludes his development with a doxology to God the Father. Following the second line, however, the apostle would make a Christological claim by asserting that Christ is God. The stakes are high since Paul nowhere else in his letters makes a clear claim that Christ is God. This article aims to reconsider this famous crux interpretum in light of ancient colometry, taking into account the principles of colometric structuration described in Greek and Latin rhetorical treatises. Specifically, the author argues that the combined presence of the three so-called Gorgianic figures (parisosis, paromoiosis, and antithesis) supports the case of light punctuation (a comma) between v. 5a and v. 5b, which in turn suggests reading v. 5b as a relative clause that qualifies Christ.
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5

Tortorelli, William. "A Proposed Colometry of Ibycus 286." Classical Philology 99, no. 4 (October 2004): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/429942.

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6

Rzepkowski, Krzysztof. "Pro Archia § 28. Colometry and textual criticism." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 47, no. 4 (January 2007): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aant.47.2007.4.3.

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7

Willett, Steven J. "Working Memory and Its Constraints on Colometry." Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica 71, no. 2 (2002): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20546728.

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8

Smith, Sheri H., IAN TIZARD, and DEBRA TURNER. "REEXAMINATION OF THE COLOMETRIC METHOD FOR EVALUATING CYTOTOXICITY OF WOUND CLEANSERS." Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing 30, no. 3 (May 2003): S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152192-200305000-00086.

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9

Edzard, Lutz. "PERSPEKTIVEN EINER COMPUTERGESTÜTZTEN ANALYSE DER QUR'ĀNISCHEN MORPHO-SYNTAX UND SATZ-SYNTAX IN KOLOMETRISCHER DARSTELLUNG." Arabica 50, no. 3 (2003): 350–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005803771048266.

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AbstractEn suivant des opinions émises par Gotthelf Bergsträsser et Angelika Neuwirth, nous explorons dans cet article la possibilité de présenter le texte coranique divisé en "kôlons", c'est-à-dire en brèves unités syntaxiques indépendantes. Concernant la méthode nous recourons au modèle de présentation du texte de l'Ancien Testament proposé par Wolfgang Richter (Biblia Hebraica Transcripta). Ainsi le texte coranique apparaît sous forme de colonnes parallèles en écriture arabe et en transcription. En partant du texte présenté de cette manière, nous proposons une analyse morpho-syntaxique automatisée du texte coranique. Dans ce cas aussi nous adaptons les résultats de la recherche informatique sur l'Ancien Testament effectuée par un groupe travaillant autour de Wolfgang Richter. Following proposals by Gotthelf Bergsträsser and Angelika Neuwirth, in this paper I will discuss what is involved in presenting the Qur' nic text in a "colometric" way, i.e. divided into small prosodic units that are syntactically independent. In so doing I follow the method applied in the presentation of the text of the Old Testament by Wolfgang Richter (Biblia Hebraica Transcripta). The text will appear in parallel columns, both in Arabic script and in transcription, in accordance with the said colometric division. Based on this presentation, a computer-aided approach to morpho-syntactic analysis will be developed. Again this will be oriented towards the results of research in computational linguistics done by a team working with Wolfgang Richter.
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10

Collins, T. "Review: Colometry and Accentuation in Hebrew Prophetic Poetry." Journal of Semitic Studies 50, no. 2 (September 1, 2005): 384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgi054.

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11

Kruger, P. "'Die Hemel vertel die eer van God': Natuur, Skriftuur en die bidder in Psalm 19." Verbum et Ecclesia 23, no. 1 (September 6, 2002): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v23i1.1208.

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“The heavens proclaim the glory of God”: Nature, Scripture and the suppliant in Psalm 19 This article investigates the relationship between the different parts of Psalm 19, viz. v 2-7, 8-11 and 12-15. After a translation and colometric analysis, observations are made on the structure of the poem, the wordplay, and the other literary strategies that keep the different parts together, and on the characteristics that mark this composition as a wisdom psalm. Special attention is devoted to the sun imagery which runs like a golden thread through the whole poem.
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12

Nadim, Roxana. "La Barcelona íntima de Colometa i Cecília Ce." Debats. Revista de cultura, poder i societat 132, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.28939/iam.debats.132-2.6.

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13

Fowler, Robert L. "B. Gentili, F. Perusino (edd.): La colometria antica dei testi poetic greci. Pp. 234. Pisa: Istituti editoriali e poligrafici internazionali, 1999. Paper. ISBN: 88-8147-190-6. - M. C. Martinelli: Gli strumenti del poeta. Elementi di metrica greca. Pp. ix + 321. Bologna: Cappelli editore, 1995. Paper, L. 42,000. ISBN: 88-379-0742-7." Classical Review 51, no. 2 (October 2001): 412–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/51.2.412.

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14

AREFYEV, A. V., R. B. GULIYEV, A. V. DAGAEV, E. E. MAIOROV, E. A. PISAREVA, and M. V. KHOKHLOVA. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE DEVELOPED COLOMETRIC SENSOR FOR MEASURING THE COLOR OF GLASS." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology, no. 1 (2021): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2021-345-1-131-137.

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This article to the study of a colorimetric sensor for measuring the color parameters of transparent and diffusely reflecting objects is devoted. This paper a colorimetric sensor that uses a three-element RGB photodiode is presented. The block diagram and appearance of the developed sensor are shown. The operation of the colorimeter is described, and the spectral sensitivity of the RGB photodiode is obtained. Specially developed software for obtaining measurements in digital and graphical form is presented. The metrological capabilities of the colorimetric sensor by comparing the obtained measurement results with independent data were investigated. Optical color glasses of the following brands were used for calibration: KS-11; ZHZS-17; SS-2; ZS-4; ZHS-12; PS-7; OS-13, the color coordinates of which were located inside the color triangle. The results of calibration of the colorimeter and test measurements of the chromaticity coordinates of the samples on the color triangle were shown. In research, the developed colorimetric sensor measurement of the color parameters of transparent objects with a range of readings that characterizes a random error of no more than 0,3 % was provided.
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15

Bross, Christoph, Dieter Gunkel, and Kevin M. Ryan. "Caesurae, Bridges, and the Colometry of Four Tocharian B Meters." Indo-European Linguistics 2, no. 1 (2014): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125892-00201005.

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The Tocharians composed verse in hierarchical structures, with the verse dominating major cola, and the major colon in turn dominating one or more minor cola. After providing much-needed descriptive data on Tocharian meter, we assess the evidence for the distinction between major vs. minor caesurae in some of the most popular Tocharian B meters, finding support for the commonly assumed colometries in some but not all cases. Of particular interest is the recurring 4+3-syllable colon, since the violability of its internal (putatively minor) caesura varies significantly across meters. We argue that this varying strictness is indeed a function of the meter as opposed to position in the verse, verse length, idiosyncrasies of certain texts, and so forth. We then use a systematic prose comparison method to test the meters for bridges, finding evidence for monosyllable avoidance in (certain) colon-final positions, despite an overall preference for monosyllables in verse vis-à-vis prose. Finally, we discuss the implications that our study has for the restoration of fragmentary Tocharian texts.
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16

Floris, Cecilia. "Problemi colometrici negli anapesti senecani e sense-correspondence. L’esempio di Thyestes." ACME - Annali della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell’Università degli Studi di Milano, no. 03 (December 2012): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/acme-2012-003-flor.

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The purpose of this paper is to point out the unsolved problem of the anapaestic monodies’ unsecure colometry in Seneca’s tragedies as well as expose the so called sense-correspondence principle to help scholars propose a metrical subdivision of lines closer to the original one. In the first part of the paper I explain the difficulties about colometry that concern the division of trimeters into dimeters and monometers. I then outline a brief status quaestionis about this matter and the attempts at solving it. Proposals by Richter, Zweirlein and Fitch are examined, their methods and criteria analysed in detail in the second paragraph. In the third I propose an analysis of three passages of Thyestes 938-956 using Fitch’s criteria so as every aspect of the text, including metrical or stylistic characteristics, is more respected than in Zwierlein’s text. I then show how sense-correspondence is used to analyse a text and help understand the employment and meaning of the anapaestic metre to express a conflict or psychological dilemma such as in the Thyestes. Lastly, I suggest new areas of possible research pertaining to poetry using this principle, as it also respected in Ovid’s elegiac distiches and late antique poetry. A detailed metrical analysis of Zwierlein’s and Fitch’s texts is supplied in the appendix.
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17

Victor, Benjamin, and Bruno Quesnel. "The Colometric Evidence for the History of the Terence-Text in the Early Middle Ages." Revue d'histoire des textes 29, no. 1999 (2000): 141–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rht.2000.1478.

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18

Keown, Dominic. "When Gala met Colometa: Silvia Munt’s Documentary on the Dalinian Muse." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies 5, no. 2 (March 11, 2021): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24741604.2021.1880203.

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19

Marschall, Priscille. "Punctuating Paul’s Letters in Light of the Ancient Theory of Côla and Periods." Biblical Interpretation 28, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 100–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685152-00281p06.

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Abstract This article argues that the micro-structure of Paul’s letters is intrinsically linked to an aural logic. Taking 2 Corinthians 10:8-11 as an example and using the notions of côlon and period as described in the rhetoric and stylistic treatises of the Graeco-Roman world, I will show both the methods and the extent to which it is possible to reconstitute its original “punctuation” – i.e., the different breaks that punctuated this passage when it was read aloud. This will allow me to shed new light on the structure of the passage and, especially, on the debated question of the place of verse 9, namely the extent to which it is linked with either verse 8 or verses 10-11, or is rather independent. More generally, this article is an invitation to develop colometric analysis as an additional tool in debates concerning micro-structure and punctuation of NT texts.
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20

Dan Nässelqvist. "The Question of Punctuation in John 1:3–4: Arguments from Ancient Colometry." Journal of Biblical Literature 137, no. 1 (2018): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.15699/jbl.1371.2018.283331.

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21

Wilson, Marcus, and John G. Fitch. "Seneca's Anapaests: Metre, Colometry, Text and Artistry in the Anapaests of Seneca's Tragedies." Phoenix 44, no. 2 (1990): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1088333.

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22

Nässelqvist, Dan. "The Question of Punctuation in John 1:3–4: Arguments from Ancient Colometry." Journal of Biblical Literature 137, no. 1 (2018): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jbl.2018.0011.

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23

Hulstaert, Kristien. "Reading, seeing and understanding Latin." Journal of Latin Linguistics 18, no. 1-2 (December 18, 2019): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joll-2019-0002.

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Abstract Reading Latin. Easy as it sounds, Latin teachers know it is not. Students are able to analyze words or recognize constructions, yet this knowledge does not enable them to read and let the Latin words form images in their minds. In order to develop a reading method focusing on the visualization of the story following the Latin word order, an applied research project was set up. The research approach was that of educational design research. Based upon knowledge of word order and colometry, a reading method was developed focusing on the way the story is directed by the Roman author.
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24

Ferri, Rolando. "PS.-Seneca, Octavia 889 and Vergil, Aeneid 12.539FF." Classical Quarterly 46, no. 1 (May 1996): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/46.1.311.

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At 876ff. Octavia's partisans lament the ruinous intervention of the Roman mob in support of the heroine's legitimate claims against Poppaea. A series of paradigmatic figures illustrates the sentence ‘o funestus multis populi dirusque fauor’: the two Gracchi, first, then Livius Drusus, the tribunus plebis of 91 B.C., stabbed to death in his house in the year of his tribunate. The gallery of historical characters suits the Roman atmosphere of the play, the fallen heroes of Republican times are presented as noble and disinterested figures, struck by disaster and evil fortune. This is the description of Livius' fate (887–90; text and colometry given as in Zwierlein's OCT):
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25

Barzilai, Maya. "“One Should Finally Learn How to Read This Breath”: Paul Celan and the Buber-Rosenzweig Bible." Comparative Literature 71, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 436–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00104124-7709613.

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Abstract This article examines Paul Celan’s use of the terms cola and breath-unit in his notes for the 1960 “Meridian” address. In the 1920s, Martin Buber and Franz Rosenzweig developed their “colometric translation” of the Bible, using the breath-unit to capture, in German, the spoken qualities of the Hebrew Bible by allowing the human breath to dictate line divisions. Celan repurposed the breath-unit for his post-Shoah poetics: it registered, for him, a further disruption of the Hebrew-German translational link, following the demise of the Jewish community of readers. Celan’s breath-unit became a measure of silence, marking the pauses between poetic lines as sites of interrupted breathing, which entail a painful encounter with deformation and murder. Furthermore, if Buber and Rosenzweig used their breath-inspired cola to bypass the traditional line divisions of biblical verse, Celan’s radicalized breath-unit can be understood as a response to the musicality attributed to his earlier poetry; he drew on the singularity of the breath to forge ever shorter lines and vertical, severed poems that culminate in the lost or buried word.
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Mrowicka, Małgorzata, Jerzy Mrowicki, Michał Mik, Łukasz Dziki, Adam Dziki, and Ireneusz Majsterek. "Assessment of DNA damage profile and oxidative/antioxidative biomarkers level in patients with inflammatory bowel disease." Polish Journal of Surgery 92, no. 4 (May 26, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1548.

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the oxidative DNA damage, pro- antioxidant status in Polish patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Method: Oxidative DNA damage were measured by comet assay techniques; nitric oxide (NO) and plasmatic lipid peroxidation (MDA) as oxidative stress were valuated by colometric methods; superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) as antioxidative defence were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Results: The level of oxidative DNA damage in IBD patients was significantly higher in relation to controls (P = 0.01). Alike, in control subject as well as in patients with IBD, lymphocytes are characterized by complete repair of DNA damage. A significant decrease of SOD (P = 0.031), CAT (P = 0.006), GPx1 (P = 0.001) activity was seen in IBD patients vs control. MDA (P = 0.001) and NO (P = 0.001) concentrations were significantly increased in IBD patients than in healthy subjects. Conclusion: Our results may be due to induction of DNA repair genes may occur at the stage of the pathological changes pathway (IBD), that may be caused by excessive oxidative stress. However, the reasons for these relationship, and whether it is direct or indirect, remains to be explored.
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Jovanović, Predrag, Lepša Žorić, Ivan Stefanović, Boban Džunić, Jasmina Djordjević-Jocić, Marija Radenković, and Maja Jovanovic. "Lactate Dehydrogenase and Oxidative Stress Activity in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Aqueous Humour." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 10, no. 1 (February 20, 2010): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2010.2743.

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Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lactate are some of the hypoxy biochemical parameters. Extracellular activity of this enzyme increases under the condition of oxidative stress, since the cell integrity can be disrupted during the lipid peroxidation process. Subsequently that leads to the increase level of the lactic acid and lactic acid salts. The objective of this investigation is establishing the level of LDH, LDH1 (HBDH) and the lactate concentration in aqueous humour in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.Biochemical analysis have been made by enzymatic-colometric method (lactate) and UV-kinetic method (LDH and HBDH) in aqueous humour of 30 patients (42 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 30 patients (40 eyes) with cataract (the control group).The increased values of lactate and the activity of LDH and HBDH enzyme in aqueous humour of POAG patients in correlation with the control group are the results not only of oxidative stress but also of hypoxy and the mitochondry oxidative function (p<0,001).The increased activity of the examined biochemical parameters in the aqueous humour of the POAG patients points to the fact that other mechanisms, besides IOP, have a role in glaucoma pathogenesis.
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Burve, Regīna, Vera Serga, and Aija Krumina. "Synthesis of Nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> by the Extraction-Pyrolytic Method and its Phase Transformation in the Presence of Gadolinium." Key Engineering Materials 903 (November 10, 2021): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.903.149.

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Due to its to its optical, thermal, photocatalytic and electrophysical properties, nanocrystalline titanium oxide (TiO2) is widely used in various fields. In the present work, a series of pure and Gd-modified (0.5, 5, 50 mol%) TiO2 nanocrystalline powders were prepared by a novel synthesis approach – extraction-pyrolytic method (EPM). Metal containing extracts on the basis of valeric acid were used as precursors. Thermal behavior of produced individual and mixed precursors were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and high temperature differential scanning colometry (HDSC). Phase composition of pure and Gd-modified TiO2 powders were studied as a function of pyrolysis temperature (450o -850°C ) and gadolinium content by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Photocatalytic activity of produced powders was studied by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV/VIS light irradiation.
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Suparno, Suparno, Suhartono Suhartono, Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro, Mohammad Sulchan, and Kusmiyati Tjahjono. "Kadar seng dan kadar malondialdehyde pada penderita multi drug resistant tuberculosis dan tuberkulosis sensitif." Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) 7, no. 1 (December 30, 2018): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jgi.7.1.8-14.

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Background: Zinc is the main constituent element of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) which acts to protect cells from inflammation and the toxic effects of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). High ROS production induces fat peroxidation, and forms malondialdehyde (MDA) which causes oxidative stress.Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the difference of zinc and malondialdehyde levels among Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis and sensitive Tuberculosis.Methods: Crossectional study with 55 subjects consisted of 32 MDR-TB subjects and 23 subjects TB sensitive. Selection of subjects using consecutive sampling. Zinc and MDA serum was obtained from venous blood. Zinc and MDA concentration were assessed by quantitative colometric and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) respectively. Data were analized statistic by independent t-test and Mann Whitney test.Results: Zinc level of MDR-TB and TB sensitive were 74.85 (64 - 97) μg/dl and 73.03 (63 - 97) μg/dl respectively, while MDA of MDR-TB and sensitive TB were 2.262±1.055 nmol/mL and 2.66±0.992 nmol/mL. There was no significantly different in zinc level between MDR-TB and sensitive TB (p=1.000). Furthermore, there was not significantly different of MDA level between MDR-TB and sensitive Tuberculosis (p=0,147).Conclusion: There are no differences in zinc and MDA levels in patient between MDR-TB and sensitive TB.
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Ivanič, Andrej, Gregor Kravanja, Wadie Kidess, Rebeka Rudolf, and Samo Lubej. "The Influences of Moisture on the Mechanical, Morphological and Thermogravimetric Properties of Mineral Wool Made from Basalt Glass Fibers." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 22, 2020): 2392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102392.

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Mineral wool made from basalt fibers is frequently used as an insulating material in construction systems. In this study, both unused mineral wool and wool obtained from the softened roofing area were comprehensively analyzed in a laboratory using different characterization techniques. Firstly, the initial water content and compressive strength at 10% deformation were determined. Secondly, microstructure and surface chemical composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). To study heterogeneities near the fiber surface and to examine cross-sectional composition, a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) was used. Finally, to verify possible reasons for resin degradation, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning colometry (TGA-DSC) were simultaneously carried out. The results show that natural aging under high humidity and thermal fluctuations greatly affected the surface morphology and chemical composition of the fibrous composite. Phenol-formaldehyde and other hydrophobic compounds that protect fibers against moisture and give compressive resistance were found to be degraded.
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Takashima, Ken-ichi. "Incorrect Arrangement of the Bamboo Tablets in the Shangshu: A Falsifiable Hypothesis?" Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 7, no. 2 (January 24, 2013): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405478x-90000114.

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The problem of cuojian 錯簡 “incorrect ordering of bamboo tablets” is not a new scholarly issue in the field of studies involving jiandu 簡牘 (writings on bamboo tablets). As early as Song times (960-1279), scholars began to notice that the received version of the Shangshu 尚書 was suspected to have had the problem of omitting or missing some characters in the bamboo tablets, referred to as tuojian 脫簡 in the Kanggao 康誥 chapter of the Shangshu. In Qing times (1644-1911) a counter-view was presented; namely, the song tuojian hypothesis in the Kanggao chapter was not really correct, but it was how the text was arranged that led to some discontinuity in the beginning portion of the said chapter.This paper provides two specific examples of what may have been the result of a cuojian in the Yaodian 堯典 chapter. It investigates such a possibility in terms of (A) context, (B) lexical features, (C) syntax and semantics, and (D) colometry or isocolometry.
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Powell, J. G. F. "Thomas N. Habinek: The Colometry of Latin Prose. (University of California Publications, Classical Studies, 25.) Pp. 222. Berkeley, 1986. Paper." Classical Review 37, no. 1 (April 1987): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x00100629.

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Rashid, Fatimah, Mustafa Albayati, and Kalliopi Dodou. "Novel Crosslinked HA Hydrogel Films for the Immediate Release of Active Ingredients." Cosmetics 10, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10010006.

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Novel crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel films were previously invented by reacting the HA polymer with the PT (Pentaerythritol Tetra-acrylate) crosslinker over basic pH conditions in the oven. HA is considered a natural polymer present in cosmetic as well as pharmaceutical formulations. This current study aimed to highlight the effect of loading method (post-loading and in situ) of selected actives (salicylic acid and niacinamide B3) in the hydrogel films and then study their release kinetics. Differential scanning colometry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis evidenced the loading of the actives and full release from the HA hydrogel films, while the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated the morphological changes to the films during the study by comparing the average molecular weight between crosslinks (M¯c), gel fraction, crosslinking density (Ve) and mesh size (ξ) of the films. The loading percentage of the SA and B3 showed high percentage loading of actives via both loading methods. In conclusion, the (95–100%) release of the actives achieved from the HA hydrogel films within 10 min revealed that the films are an efficient immediate release system of actives.
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Lazarova, Valentina, Danièle Bellahcen, Danièle Rybacki, Bruce Rittmann, and Jacques Manem. "Population dynamics and biofilm composition in a new three-phase circulating bed reactor." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 4-5 (February 1, 1998): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0606.

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The biofilm characteristics of a novel three-phase reactor, the circulating bed reactor (CBR), were studied using industrial prototype fed with primary and secondary settled effluent in conditions of tertiary N and secondary C+N nitrification. The results showed a high nitrification rate close to the intrinsic values for N and C+N conditions: up to 2 and 0.6 kgN-NH4 m−3 d−1, or 1.88±0.26 and 0.22±0.07 gN g−1 PR d−1, respectively. The application of an integrated approach for biofilm analysis enabled the better understanding of biofilm dynamics. The biofilm remained relatively thin, below 100 μm, indicating an effective control of the biofilm development. Protein, measured by the conventional colometric method and pyrolysis-GC-MS, was the major fraction accounting for up to 35% of the biomass dry weight and 58% of the biopolymer content. The polysaccharide's fraction remained very low (&lt;3%). The ribosomal RNA probes analysis confirmed the predominance of bacterial cells in the CBR biofilm (80-86% of bacteria versus the universal probe) showing a high proportion of nitrifying bacteria accounting for up to 50% and 27% in the N and C+N removal respectively. Nitrosomonas predominated in tertiary nitrification whereas carbon input led to the appearance of other ammonia oxidizers. This particular composition was characterized by a high state of oxidation of the biomass, expressed by the low COD/DW ratio of about 0.85. In conclusion, it can be stated that this new three-phase bioreactor ensures a high nitrification rate through an effective biofilm control promoting the development of bacterial cells, especially nitrifying bacteria, and minimizing exopolysaccharides production.
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Nghĩa, Nguyễn Khởi, and Nguyễn Thị Kiều Oanh. "Isolation, characterilzation and identification of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from rice-shrimp rotational farming system in salt affected soil areas of the mekong delta of Vietnam." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 15, no. 1 (April 20, 2018): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/15/1/12327.

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Phosphorus is the least mobile element in plant and soil contrary to other macronutrients. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria play role in phosphorus nutrition by enhancing its availability to plants. Aim of study was to deal with isolation, characterization and identification of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSBs) from 15 paddy rice soil samples collected in rice–shrimp rotational farming system in salt affected soil areas of the Mekong Delta of Vietnam including Bac Lieu, Ca Mau, Soc Trang, Kien Giang and Ben Tre by using NBRIP media containing 1% NaCl. Concentration of phosphate was determined by method of colometric determination of molybdate. Results showed that 95 isolates indicating potentially as PSBs through a exhibiting of a halo zone happening around bacterial colonies on NBRIP media. Twenty out of ninety five isolates showed their highly phosphate solubilizing ability (>1000 mg.L-1) in the liquid culture. Bacterial strain coded as BL1-10 solubilized maximumly 2044 mg.L-1 phosphate in liquid media after 5 incubation days. The cell number and phosphate solubilizing ability of Bl-10 strain were till good and not affected under environmental coditions like 40oC, salinity range between 0.5 and 5 % NaC and pH range between 3 and 5. Three kinds of trade name fungicides like DA roral, Topsin M và Antracol 70WP did not affect on cell numbers and phosphate solubilizing ability of Bl-10 strain. However, cell numbers and function of phosphate solubilizing ability of this bacterial strain was completely inhibited by Ridomil Gold fungicide. This strain was genetically identified as species of Burkholderia sp. BL1-10 based on results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. In conclusion, the study suggests the most promising phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Burkholderia sp. BL1-10 can be used as efficient biofertilizer inoculant to promote plant growth.
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Abongwa, Lem Edith, Anthony N. Kibera, Charles Fokunang, Judith Torimiro, Emmanuel Nshom, Irénée Domkam, and Paul Okemo. "PO 8190 RISK FACTORS OF SEVERE HEPATOTOXICITY AMONG HIV-1 PATIENTS INITIATED ON HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN THE NORTHWEST REGION OF CAMEROON." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A21.3—A22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.54.

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BackgroundHepatotoxicity due to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has gained prominent attention since it can be affected by many factors. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatotoxicity and related risk factors of severe hepatotoxicity following HAART initiation.MethodsA total of 100 newly diagnosed HIV drug-naive patients within the age range of 18–61 years were recruited and followed up for 24 weeks and were placed on either Tenofovir (TDF)+Lamivudine (3TC)+Efavirenz (EFV) or Zidovudine (AZT) +Lamivudine + Nevirapine (NVP) or Zidovudine +Lamivudine + Efavirenz regimen. Sociodemographic data was obtained using pretested questionnaires. Venous blood samples were collected to measure aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), using colometric enzymatic reaction. Hepatotoxicity was classified based on age and sex. Data was analysed using SPSS.ResultsThe level of significance was set at 5%. A total of 37 (38%) and 49 (49%) patients presented with hepatotoxicity; 15% and 28% of these patients had severe hepatotoxicity at 4 and 24 weeks, respectively. Serum levels of all enzymes increased significantly (p<0.05) with increased treatment duration. Univariate analysis revealed that the risk factor of developing severe hepatotoxicity was significantly (p<0.05) greater in patients<30 years, males, low BMI, low monthly income earners and patient on AZT+3TC +NVP regimen. While multivariate analysis at p<0.09 showed that age <30 years, Low BMI, low monthly income, or the use of AZT+3TC +NVP regimen were independent risk factors.ConclusionLow BMI,<30 years, low monthly income and the use of AZT+3TC+NVP regimen were identifiable risk factors for the development of severe hepatotoxicity. As such, these factors should be considered as important for strategy by clinicians to prevent hepatotoxicity.
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Wang, Zhaoyue, Haiyen Yang, Xia Bai, Wei Zhang, and Changgeng Ruan. "A Novel Congenital Bleeding Disorder Related to High Plasma Heparin-Like Anticoagulant Activity." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 4074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.4074.4074.

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Abstract Heparin or heparin-like compounds present in human plasma in minute amounts. It has been reported that a very few patients with such diseases as plasma cell neoplasms, acute monoblastic leukemia and acquired immune deficincy syndrome have an increased plasma heparin-like anticoagulant activity. Recently, we found a 10-year-old girl who was physically and developmentally normal, but had recurrent episodes of prolonged bleeding and hematoma starting in her early childhood, which could be stopped by transfusion of fresh frozen plasma or prothrombin complex concentrate. The coagulation tests of her plasma were regularly repeated since she was 2 years old, and always revealed a markedly prolonged APTT (61.8–104 seconds, normal 28–40 seconds) and TT (36–50.1 seconds, normal 14–21 seconds), and a slightly prolonged PT (15.9–25 seconds, normal 11–14.5 seconds). Fibrinogen, prothrombin and other coagulation factors as well as anticoagulant and fibrinolytic systems were all normal. The results of immunologic measurements were either negative or within normal ranges. Treatment of the patient’s plasma in vitro with either protamine or heparinase could completely normalize the coagulation abnormalities, but not with normal plasma. The anticoagulant activity of her plasma corresponded to 0.2 heparin U/mL when measured by a TT assay using normal plasma as substrate and standardized with porcine heparin. Her plasma heparin concentration was 0.22 heparin U/mL when measured using a colometric assay. In ex vivo study, the abnormal coagulation tests could effectively be corrected when the patient was intravenously administed with protamine. Considering these characteristic laboratory features of the patient, we suppose it would probably represent a novel congenital bleeding disorder related to high plasma heparin-like anticoagulant activity which, to our knowledge, had not been described before.
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Bappah, M. N. "Radiographic and Biochemical Evaluations of Postnatal Development of Bones of the Forelimb in Nigerian Indigenous Dogs." Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences 3, no. 1 (July 21, 2021): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0140.

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Bone is a hard and resilient tissue structure that provides mechanical support for the body of an organism. This study was aimed to evaluate the radiographical and biochemical changes during postnatal bone development of forelimbs in Nigerian indigenous puppies from 2-week-old to 24-week-old. Six (6) Nigerian indigenous puppies were chemically restrained using chlorpromazine at 2 mg/kg I.M. and positioned using ropes and sandbags for mediolateral and craniocaudal views of bones of the forelimbs. At 2-week-old, radiographic evaluation of bones of the forelimbs were undertaken and continued bi-weekly up to 24-week-old. Serum samples were analysed from 4-week-old to 24-week-old at four weeks’ interval for mineral (electrolytes) using colometric method for calcium and phosphorus and flame photometry method for sodium and potassium. At 2-week-old, there was an ill-defined radiopaque secondary ossification centre at the proximal epiphysis and a small ovoid radiopaque structure at the distal epiphysis of the humerus. There was not any sign of secondary ossification centre at proximal and distal epiphyses of both radius and ulna. There was the presence of a small radiopaque (ill-defined) accessory carpal. 1st to 5th metacarpals were present together with the proximal, middle and distal phalanges of all digits except the 1st digit that has proximal and distal phalanges. From 20-week-old, fully developed carpals and bony structures were observed through 24-week-old where the commencement of fusion of apophyses of olecranon (proximal epiphysis of ulna) at the centre and acrophyses of metacarpals and phalanges. The mean values (mean ± SEM) from serum biochemistry of calcium, phosphate, sodium and potassium in mmol/L from this study were within the normal limits throughout the study. Conclusively, the complementary information from calcium, phosphate, sodium and potassium in this study showed that these elements are within the normal limit that suggests normal bone development during the study period, which stressed the importance of the knowledge on serial changes of bone development which could be useful in clinical practice.
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39

Jocelyn, H. D. "The Annotations of M. Valerivs Probvs, III: some Virgilian Scholia." Classical Quarterly 35, no. 2 (December 1985): 466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800040301.

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Most of the commentaries on Greek authors which circulated in the towns of Egypt during the late Ptolemaic and early Imperial periods ignored the critical and colometrical problems which had engaged the attention of the great Alexandrian grammarians. A few, however, based themselves on texts equipped with signs, included the signs in their lemmata and offered explanations. Such commentaries must be the source of the scattered references to signs in the older marginal scholia in Byzantine manuscripts of Homer, Hesiod, Pindar and the Attic dramatists. The only Byzantine manuscript to transmit a pagan text still equipped with a large number and a variety of signs, namely cod. Venice, Bibl. Marc. gr. 454, is also the only one to transmit scholia with lemmata retaining prefixed signs. Just as texts and scholium-lemmata lost their signs in the course of transmission, so too did references to signs within scholia either disappear or become garbled. At best, a statement about the reasons for affixing a sign would turn into one about the content or style of the verse in question. The few mentions made of the great Alexandrians give no cause for thinking that we ever have a verbatim quotation of anὑπόμνημαwritten by one of them in order to explain his own signs. Time and again it is demonstrable that an explanation of a sign's presence against a particular verse goes back to some writer like Aristonicus.What survives of the ancient discussion of Latin literature is exiguous in comparison with the Greek material.
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Mayer, Roland. "John G. Fitch: Seneca's Anapaests: Metre, Colometry, Text and Artistry in the Anapaests of Seneca's Tragedies. (American Classical Studies, 17.) Pp. ix + 103. Atlanta, GA: Scholars Press, 1987. $21.95 ($16 members price); paper $13.95 ($10 members price)." Classical Review 39, no. 2 (October 1989): 391–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x0027248x.

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41

Chang, C. C., M. H. Yang, H. M. Wen, and J. C. Chern. "Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colometric methods." Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 10, no. 3 (July 14, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.2748.

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42

Gomina, Moutawakilou, Tarik Salifou, Gilbert Djidonou, and Stanislas Zinsou. "Effect of the Garcinia kola Seed on Glycemia, Creatininemia and Aminotransferases in Adult Subjects." International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, March 24, 2020, 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i230169.

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Background: The administration of extracts of Garcinia kola seed to experimental rats has a hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effect. Objective: Assess the effect of daily consumption of Garcinia kola seed on glycemia, creatinine and serum aminotransferases among adult subjects. Methods: We carried out an intervention study based on quasi-experimental approach during three months i.e. from May 1 to July 30, 2019. A sample consisting of 40 adult subjects (18 men, 22 women) had participated to the study after their written consent and approval by the institutional ethics committee. After the baseline testing which consists of fasting glycemia, creatininemia, alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), each subject consumed one Garcinia kola seed per day during 90 days. Then, every 30 days, the same testing was performed. Glycemia was determined by endpoint colometric method for assaying enzyme using glucose oxidase; creatinine by colometric kinetic assay using the JAFFE reagent; and aminotransferases by UV enzyme kinetics. Student’s t test helped compare the mean values of the parameters determined at the beginning and at the end of the experiment at the threshold of 5%. Results: The mean values at the beginning and at the end of the experiment were glycemia in g/L (0.81± 0.20 vs 0.84 ± 0.14), creatininemia in mg/L (9.36 ± 2.44 vs 8.01 ± 2.15), ALAT in UI/L (27.19 ± 15.77 vs 25.60 ± 12.45) and ASAT in UI/L (28.46 ± 11.52 vs 23.30 ± 8.48). A significant decrease of creatininemia and ASAT was observed (p = .010 and .025 respectively). Conclusion: The consumption of the Garcinia kola seed has a nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effect.
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Kostecka, Małgorzata. "The use of chromatographic and spectroscopic (colometric) methods for evaluation of quercetine in dietary supplements of plant origin." Annales UMCS Chemia 67, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10063-012-0007-4.

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Shelke, Reshma N., Ramanlal N. Kachave, and Manoj V. Mahale. "A Review: Recent Analytical Applications on Anti-Epileptic Agents." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 18 (April 18, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412918666220418130951.

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Abstract: Epilepsy is one of the chronic diseases seen in 1.0% of the world’s population. For the study of antiepileptic medications, a variety of approaches have been used extensively. These methods provide reliable, accurate and reproducible results. The available analytical methods for the determination of AEDs in API, biological fluids and pharmaceutical formulations are reviewed in this context. The drugs categorized under AEDs were studied for differentanalytical procedures, methods and systematically classified on the basis of their applications. The analytical instruments used for determination of AEDs include various chromatographic techniques such as High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), Gas chromatography (GC) etc. and other techniques such as hyphenated, spectrophotometric, electrochemical analysis including UV, MS/MS, ECD, CLND, Fluorescence, colometric electrochemical detector (CED) are covered in this review. Supporting electrolyte, pH, panel, mobile phase, measuring or detection potential, sensitivity, and selectivity are all recorded as part of the analytical method formulation and validation process. This review is beneficial for various researchers for further study and advancement in research related to antiepileptic drugs.
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Augustine, Steffi, Bala Prabhakar, and Pravin Shende. "Adsorption of cisplatin on oxidized graphene nanoribbons for improving the uptake in non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line A549." Current Drug Delivery 18 (July 8, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201818666210708124424.

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Background : Graphene nanoribbons are nanosized strips of graphene with unique physicochemical properties like higher drug loading capacity and affinity for tumor cells. Objective: The principal objective of this research was to develop oxidized graphene nanoribbons (O-GNRs)-a based delivery system for cisplatin against non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line A549 by selective endocytosis. Method: The O-GNRs prepared using various synthetic steps like oxidative unzipping were evaluated for various parameters like morphology, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) study, % adsorption efficacy, Differential scanning colometric (DSC) study, and in-vitro efficacy studies. Results: Graphene nanoribbons with the length of 200-250 nm and width of 20-40 nm were obtained. The FTIR spectrum of drug-loaded O-GNRs exhibited a characteristic peak at 1550 cm-1 (-N-H group) of cisplatin. The DSC indicated the presence of sharp endothermic peaks at 59 ºC (PEG), 254 ºC (-C-NH3) and 308.6 ºC (-C-Pt). The % adsorption efficiency was found to be 74.56 ± 0.798% with in-vitro release in controlled manner (63.36 % ± 0.489 %) for 24 h. Conclusion: The nanoformulation showed an average inhibition of 22.72% at a lower dose of cisplatin (> 25%) by passive targeting cell line A549 by DNA alkylation. In the near future, graphene-based systems will establish potential nanosystems in cancer treatment due to the additive effect of graphene with various therapeutic agents.
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Major, Peter, Štefan Tóth, Mária Goldová, Viera Révajová, Ivona Kožárová, Mikuláš Levkut, Jana Mojžišová, Vladimír Hisira, and Tomáš Mihok. "Dynamic of apoptosis of cells in duodenal villi infected with Eimeria acervulina in broiler chickens." Biologia 66, no. 4 (January 1, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11756-011-0067-5.

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AbstractThe aim of our study was to evaluate the parasite — host interactions at apoptosis level. We studied histopathological changes and time course of apoptosis in the duodenum during Eimeria acervulina infection. One-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into two equal groups. At the age of two weeks the first group was experimentally infected with a pure suspension of sporulated E. acervulina oocysts. The second group served as a negative control. Tissue samples from the upper part of duodenum were obtained at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 days post infection. Biopsies of duodenum were studied immunohistochemically using DeadEnd™ Colometric TUNEL System for apoptosis detection in duodenal mucosa. Number of parasites in duodenal epithelium was also investigated. Our experimental results demonstrate: (i) macroscopic and histopathological changes in epithelium detected mainly in proximal segment of duodenum in infected groups; (ii) the number of developmental stages of E. acervulina (DSEA) during our trial increased, reaching the maximum 5 days post infection (dpi) (332.2 ± 16.12) (mean ± SEM), whereas the amount of DSEA declined significantly as late as 6 dpi (124.6 ± 3.91); (iii) the highest apoptosis level was recorded in initiatory 0.5 dpi (13.2 ± 1.02) and on the end of parasite development cycle after 5 dpi (12.6 ± 1.36). Finally, results showed that there was a period of inhibition of apoptosis during infection by E. acervulina.
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Raja Arifin, Raja Nurul Ashiqin, and Juliana Jumal. "Antioxidant Activity of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. Leaves Extract Using Two Different Types of Solvents." Malaysian Journal of Science Health & Technology, January 28, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/mjosht.v7i.112.

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Exposed to the pollution has led to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human skin. ROS generated cause many skin diseases such as skin-aging, inflammation, melanogenesis and skin cancer. ROS is a family of oxygen-based free radicals that contains or capable of producing an unpaired electron. Antioxidant is a molecule that can inhibit the reaction of free radical from ROS by donating its electron. Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. (AVBL) is one of the potent natural antioxidant belongs to the group of Oxalidaceae which can be widely found in Asia including Malaysia. Traditionally, this plant has been used to treat many diseases such as cough, itchiness, pimple, fever and inflammation. As a result, much attention has been directed towards the studies regarding the potential of this plant in treating disease. The present study was undertaken to assess the antioxidant activity of AVBL leaves extract. The AVBL leaves were extracted using sonicator with ethanol and distilled water as two different types of solvent. The total phenolic content (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) of this study were determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride colometric assay. Antioxidant activity of the plant extract was tested using 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing power (FRAP). From the analyses, water extract of AVBL possessed greater extraction yield (11.231%) as compared to ethanolic extract (5.358 %). However, ethanolic extract of AVBL leaves revealed higher result of TPC (126.4±0.35 mg/g gallic acid equivalent), TFC (32.80±0.37 mg/g quercetin equivalent), DPPH (0.0019±0.0003) and FRAP (41.81±0.45 mg/g gallic acid equivalent). The results of TPC and TFC have strongly positive correlation with antioxidant capacity (r = 1). Thus, it can be concluded that this plant is a potent source of natural antioxidant.
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Gomina, Moutawakilou, Tarik Salifou, Gilbert Djidonou, and Stanislas Zinsou. "Effect of the Garcinia kola Seed on Serum Lipids in Adult Subjects." Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry, April 2, 2020, 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2020/v6i230113.

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Background: Many studies have reported the lipid-lowering effect of the Garcinia kola seed in experimental animals. Objective: Assessing the effect of daily intake of Garcinia kola seed on serum lipids in adult subjects. Methods: This research work was an intervention study based on a quasi-experimental approach carried out over a three-month period i.e. from May 1 to July 30, 2019. The study sample consisted of 40 adult subjects (18 men and 22 women) who gave their written informed consent to participate to in the study. After receiving required information, each subject underwent a baseline lipid test consisting of total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides. Then, each subject consumed every day one Garcinia kola seed during 90 days. Every 30 days, a lipid test was performed. TC, HDL-C and triglycerides were determined using end-point colometric enzyme assay. LDL-C was estimated using the formula of Friedewald. Student’s t test helped compare the mean values of lipid parameters at the beginning and at the end of the experiment at the threshold of 5%. Results: At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, the mean values in g/L of TC (1.68±0.35 vs 1.60±0.31), HDL-C (0.53±0.13 vs 0.51±0.14), LDL-C (0.97±0.36 vs 0.94±0.34) and triglycerides (0.91±0.50 vs 0.72±0.33) were not significantly different (p > 0.05). However, we noted a downward trend in those values over time during the experiment. Conclusion: The daily consumption of Garcinia kola seed improves serum lipid profile. The use of that seed is a potential alternative to the conventional treatment of dyslipidemia.
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Tu, Geraldine Xue En, Yoon Khei Ho, Zhi Xu Ng, Ke Jia Teo, Tseng Tsai Yeo, and Heng-Phon Too. "A facile and scalable in production non-viral gene engineered mesenchymal stem cells for effective suppression of temozolomide-resistant (TMZR) glioblastoma growth." Stem Cell Research & Therapy 11, no. 1 (September 11, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13287-020-01899-x.

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Abstract Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) serve as an attractive vehicle for cell-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (CDEPT) due to their unique tumour-nesting ability. Such approach holds high therapeutic potential for treating solid tumours including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a devastating disease with limited effective treatment options. Currently, it is a common practice in research and clinical manufacturing to use viruses to deliver therapeutic genes into MSCs. However, this is limited by the inherent issues of safety, high cost and demanding manufacturing processes. The aim of this study is to identify a facile, scalable in production and highly efficient non-viral method to transiently engineer MSCs for prolonged and exceptionally high expression of a fused transgene: yeast cytosine deaminase::uracil phosphoribosyl-transferase::green fluorescent protein (CD::UPRT::GFP). Methods MSCs were transfected with linear polyethylenimine using a cpg-free plasmid encoding the transgene in the presence of a combination of fusogenic lipids and β tubulin deacetylase inhibitor (Enhancer). Process scalability was evaluated in various planar vessels and microcarrier-based bioreactor. The transfection efficiency was determined with flow cytometry, and the therapeutic efficacy of CD::UPRT::GFP expressing MSCs was evaluated in cocultures with temozolomide (TMZ)-sensitive or TMZ-resistant human glioblastoma cell lines. In the presence of 5-fluorocytosine (5FC), the 5-fluorouracil-mediated cytotoxicity was determined by performing colometric MTS assay. In vivo antitumor effects were examined by local injection into subcutaneous TMZ-resistant tumors implanted in the athymic nude mice. Results At > 90% transfection efficiency, the phenotype, differentiation potential and tumour tropism of MSCs were unaltered. High reproducibility was observed in all scales of transfection. The therapeutically modified MSCs displayed strong cytotoxicity towards both TMZ-sensitive and TMZ-resistant U251-MG and U87-MG cell lines only in the presence of 5FC. The effectiveness of this approach was further validated with other well-characterized and clinically annotated patient-derived GBM cells. Additionally, a long-term suppression (> 30 days) of the growth of a subcutaneous TMZ-resistant U-251MG tumour was demonstrated. Conclusions Collectively, this highly efficient non-viral workflow could potentially enable the scalable translation of therapeutically engineered MSC for the treatment of TMZ-resistant GBM and other applications beyond the scope of this study.
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