Dissertations / Theses: 'Colombian economy'

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Sanchez, Garcia Paula Andrea. "The Political Economy of Deforestation of the Northwestern Colombian Amazon." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning (BIG), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194096.

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The Amazon has experienced rapid forest loss in the past decades due to the growing colonization, infrastructure development and commercial agriculture expansion. Understanding the underlying social, political and economic drivers of deforestation is key to curb deforestation of the Amazon basin. However, analysis of deforestation has primarily been conducted in Brazil and there is a need to study this phenomenon in other countries such as Colombia. This research intends to contribute to this growing body of knowledge to better understand drivers and processes of deforestation in the Northwestern Colombian Amazon by unpacking the causal mechanism underpinning deforestation. To achieve this, I a used Theory-building Process-tracing approach to conceptualize the underlying logics of deforestation in the region. Data collection included qualitative text analysis of policy documents, articles, reports, and grey literature, and virtual semi-structured interviews with key national, regional and local actors. Interviews’ format was adapted due to current travelling and social restrictions. Findings indicate that the power vacuum resulting from FARC guerrilla demobilization acted as a window of opportunity for peasants, squatters, narco-traffickers, cattle ranchers, landlords and other investors to access public lands and capitalize from converting forests to coca crops and pastures for cattle ranching. Capital accumulation has increased actors’ ability to reshape the landscape and societal organization by accumulating different forms and sources of power. Traditional elites, and old and emerging narco-bourgeoisie have capitalized on preexisting power asymmetries by disproportionally accumulating different social power seeking to consolidate territorial hegemony. Powerful actors exercise attained sources and forms of power to dispose historically marginalized groups – such as indigenous communities, peasants, and squatters – from their means of subsistence and production, resulting in the instauration of a capitalist economy based on land rent and drug trafficking. All this has deepened forest loss, inequalities and conflict over land access between actors.

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Montenegro, Santiago. "External shocks and macroeconomic policy in a small open developing economy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357399.

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Beckley, Paul A. "Maintaining the violent status quo : the political economy of the Colombian insurgency." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5964.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
The Colombian government has been unable to deal with its internal insurgency over the past forty years and as a result faces an increasingly violent situation today. This thesis seeks to understand how the interests of different elite actors have historically shaped the Colombian government's response to the insurgency, in an effort to break the stalemate that continues to undermine a unified elite response to their internal crisis. When faced with insurgency, governments have three options. They can develop a counterinsurgent policy to militarily defeat the guerrillas, they can negotiate a political resolution by conceding to some of the insurgents' demands, or they can choose the violent status quo. The thesis demonstrates that Colombia has chosen the violent status quo, walking a middle ground, between counterinsurgency and peace. It shows that Presidential efforts to negotiate peace have been undermined by opposition from the military and status-quo elites in Congress. Similarly, efforts at comprehensive counterinsurgency have been undermined by the executive's fear of military protagonism and congressional opposition to the social and economic reforms that are a necessary part of such efforts. The resulting lack of commitment to either peace or counterinsurgency has resulted in partial successes followed by res Maintaining the violent status quo : the political economy of the colombian insurgency Maintaining the violent status quo : the political economy of the colombian insurgency rgence of guerrilla activity.

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Salazar, Harold Ramirez. "Analysis and trends of Colombian wine market. Professional Internship Report." Master's thesis, ISA, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19582.

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Vinifera Euromaster European Master in Viticulture and Oenology - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / EMaVE
Colombia has an advantageous position in Latin America, in fact, having left the sea at two oceans Atlantic and Pacific, Colombia is a crossroads where several cultures mix, thanks to this geographical position Colombia has developed in recent years maritime routes in order to become a destination not to be missed not only by tourists but also by the routing of goods Otherwise, in the southern cone countries (Argentina-Chile-Uruguay) Colombia is not a traditional wine-growing country, although in two regions of the country there is wine production, but this production remains very small from a volume and quality point of view, despite the efforts made in recent years by some winegrowers. Despite the increase in consumption in recent years, Colombia remains out of reach in terms of wine, with a culture that is not very interested in the pleasures of wine. The purpose of this work is to show an in-depth overview of the current state of consumption and prospects for the coming years, detailing the strengths, weaknesses and opportunities of the market, to understand these economic analyses it is essential to take into account the social and political panorama that has been constantly changing in Colombia in recent years Despite Colombia's undeniable economic advantages, the migratory waves not only of Venezuelans but also of Colombians living in remote regions of the country will ensure that in the coming years the public authorities act consistently to avoid a collapse of large cities. In order to understand this work as well as possible, it is essential to take into account that politics and economics are closely linked because one does not exist in the other and above all it is politics that shapes the way a country is conducted economically, which is why this book analyses amply all the aspects that are part of society
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Loboguerrero, Ana Ma. "Economic reforms in Colombia." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1779690261&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Lopez-Uribe, Maria del Pilar. "Essays on the political economy of development in Colombia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3646/.

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This thesis consists of three essays on the political economy of development and focuses on topics related to democratization, redistribution and conflict. It studies one the largest countries in Latin America, Colombia, and examines mostly his history during the 20th century. The first chapter, "Buying off the Revolution: Evidence from the Colombian National Peasant Movement, 1957-1985", studies the relationship between democratization and redistribution during periods of revolutionary threats. Far from causing an increase in broad redistribution (e.g. social spending), I show that the state organization of a social movement that extends the political rights of the threatening group can be used to identify rebel leaders and provide private goods to them, in return for preventing social unrest and demobilizing their supporters. I study the context of the organization by the state of the most important social movement in Colombian history -the National Peasant Movement (ANUC)- during the decades of a threat of Communist revolution (1957-1985), when the government gave ANUC direct political participation in the executive branch and economic support. Using three newly digitized data set of the Colombian municipalities, I find that this reform did not lead to higher broad redistribution towards the peasantry but it led to an increase in targeted redistribution in terms of public jobs and lands. By matching the names of the peasant leaders to the beneficiaries of the land reform, evidence suggests that peasant leaders disproportionally benefited from land reform and that targeted redistribution towards the peasant leaders was a mechanism to restrain the Communist threat. Finally, I find suggestive evidence that buying off the rebel leaders was an effective counter-revolutionary strategy as it led to less revolutionary activities after the support to ANUC was terminated (1972-1985). The second chapter, "Roads or Schools? Political Budget Cycles with different types of voters" also studies one form of democratization: the franchise extension. It uses a new Colombian data set (1830-2000), to analyze how changes in the electoral legislation with regard to the characteristics of voters (in terms of education and income levels) have affected fiscal policy in election years. In line with economic theory, I show that after the male universal suffrage law was reformed in 1936 the composition of the expenditure shifted towards social spending (like education, health, and welfare benefits) but there was a decrease in spending on infrastructure and investment projects (like roads). Consistent with the literature, I also find: 1.The timing and the size of the political budget cycles changed after 1936 and 2. After 1936 there was a shift in the funding mechanisms from indirect tax revenues to more debt. In addition to democratization and redistribution, the third chapter examines the causes of the civil conflict in Colombia. The third chapter "On the agrarian origins of civil conflict in Colombia", co-authored with Fabio Sanchez, investigates the impact of land dispossessions by landlords on the origin of the civil conflict in Colombia. The study exploits variation in floods to identify how peasants’ land dispossessions during the export boom (1914-1946) determine the rise of rural guerrilla movements and the consolidation of their rebel activities. It uses a novel municipal-level dataset on natural disasters and land dispossession, and documents that municipalities experiencing floods during the years 1914-1946 were substantially more likely to have land dispossessions than municipalities where floods was not severe. Floods reduced temporarily the conditions of the land and its value, facilitating the dispossession of the peasants of their lands by large landowners. Using a matching-pair instrumental variable approach, we show that the historical dispossession of lands by landlords that led to the rise of peasant grievances is associated with the presence of the rural guerrilla movement -The Revolutionary Forces of Colombia (FARC)- during the first stage of the Colombian civil conflict. We propose two mechanisms through which previous land dispossessions facilitated the emergence of rebel armed groups and use a mediation analysis to test the indirect effects. On the one hand, exposure to previous civil wars gave military training and access to weapons and military experience to the rural population that likely created incentives for the formation of rebel groups. On the other hand, the ideological politics of rebellion by the Communist party exacerbated the grievances and helped to the emergence of rebel armed groups.

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Ford, Simon G. "Economic growth and inequality : the Colombian experience, 1930-1990." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2848/.

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The thesis is concerned with the relationship between economic growth, defined by GNP per capita, and inequality. The latter is discussed with reference to income distribution and poverty. Firstly, the theoretical background to the debate is outlined. While considering a wide array of positions, it focuses particularly on the influential thesis of Simon Kuznets (1955), which posits a relationship between a country's economic growth and its income distribution profile. Kuznets' thesis is discussed at length and compared to other interpretations of the relationship. The Colombian experience is then brought in, as a case study with which to test Kuznets' proposition. Published research and other available data, covering the period up to 1978, is then reviewed, before the latest available data - official statistics and other sources, supplemented by interviews carried out by the author - covering the 1978-1990 period, is presented and discussed in detail. A comparison of the inequality profile in the period up to 1978 with that between 1978-1990 is then presented. Following this, some possible determinants - both economic and sociological - of the income distribution and poverty trends between 1978 and 1990 are discussed. These include those related to the economy, the government, education, the drug-trade, and the 'culture of violence'. Conclusions are arrived at as to the influence of each. An overall conclusion is then drawn, which attempts to highlight the links between the Kuznets thesis and the Colombian experience. The problems of a thesis such as Kuznets', arrived at with cross-sectional data, are discussed, as are those associated with using a case study approach to 'test' an hypothesis. Finally, the thesis includes two appendices, the first discussing the data used to assess the income distribution and poverty profiles in the period 1978-1990, the second outlining the advantages and disadvantages of the various measures of inequality employed in the study.

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Villar, Oliver D. "The political economy of Colombia in the context of the cocaine drug trade." View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/37196.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2008.
A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Business, School of Management, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.

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ESCOBAR, ESPINOZA ALVARO ANDRES. "ESSAYS ON COLOMBIA'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1491.

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This work is divided in two major parts. The first, explores the main features of recent developments of more elaborated theories to understand the functioning of modern economies regarding the close interaction of the nominal stock of money (and how the changes in the money stock are determined) with the rest of the economy, particularly on the economy’s real variables. The second, emphasizes on the understanding of how the Colombian economy works, their past developments and reforms, its structural changes and recent challenges that the economy face to boost sustained growth while reducing income inequality and poverty.

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Cardozo, Silva Adriana Rocío. "Economic growth and poverty reduction in Colombia." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000806677/04.

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Garzón, Cuervo Fabian Enrique. "Economic motivations to join insurgencies in Colombia." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21655.

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Villar, Vladimir Daza. "La economia de las provincias de Cartagena, Santa Marta y Riohacha en los tiempos de la restauracion monárquica del Virreinato de la Nueva Granada, 1815-1821." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/5505.

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Danna, Buitrago Jenny Paola. "L'intégration économique internationale de la Colombie (1990-2010) : une approche en termes d'économie politique internationale." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00913260.

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L'ouverture de l'économie colombienne, décidée en 1990, fut présentée comme un promoteur de croissance et développement sur la base des exportations (et des Investissements Directs Etrangers). Cette thèse soutient que l'ouverture n'a pas été décidée afin de favoriser la croissance et le développement et que ces deux phénomènes n'ont pas été à la hauteur de ce qui était anticipé. Ce résultat est fondé sur une analyse en termes d'Economie Politique Internationale : les relations de pouvoir peuvent être utiles pour répondre à des questions d'ordre économique. Le premier chapitre montre que les caractéristiques structurelles de l'économie colombienne rendaient son ouverture impropre à générer croissance et développement sur la base des exportations. Cette proposition s'appuie sur l'analyse de la compétitivité sectorielle et des carences institutionnelles de l'économie colombienne, ainsi que sur l'accroissement potentiel des inégalités spatiales de développement suite à l'ouverture. Le deuxième chapitre s'attache alors à mettre en évidence que l'ouverture répond à des objectifs propres aux Etats-Unis. Ces objectifs sont à dominante économique (typiquement la création des débouchés extérieurs et l'accès à des matières premières) ou politique (lutte contre les guérillas d'inspiration communiste dans le cadre de la politique étrangère américaine). Le deuxième chapitre expose une série des moyens à la disposition des Etats-Unis afin d'obtenir l'ouverture du gouvernement colombien de l'époque. Ces moyens vont de la coercition (par exemple la menace de sanction) à la légitimation (favoriser l'élection d'un gouvernement pro-ouverture). Le troisième chapitre montre que l'ouverture n'a pas instauré un régime de croissance fondé sur les exportations. Au contraire, elle a instauré un régime instable fondé sur une dynamique spéculative sur les actifs immobiliers à partir des flux de capitaux étrangers venant nourrir l'achat de ces actifs à crédit. Lorsque ces capitaux finissent tôt ou tard par manquer, de tels achats sont pénalisés et viennent interrompre la dynamique. Celle-ci ne peut plus tirer la croissance via des effets d'entrainement du secteur de la construction sur le reste de l'économie. Mais pris au piège de la relation de pouvoir exercée par les Etats-Unis, le gouvernement colombien n'a pas cherché à stabiliser la conjoncture. Il a dû privilégier les dépenses en équipement militaire américain pour lutter contre les guérillas colombiennes. L'intensification subséquente du conflit armé a accentué la violence au sein du territoire. Il en résulta la destruction d'infrastructures, ainsi qu'une migration de travailleurs qualifiés. La récession en a été d'autant plus accentuée. Ainsi l'ouverture débouche-t-elle sur la pire crise économique du XXème siècle en Colombie, avec une récession de -5% en 1999. Le quatrième chapitre enquête sur les changements des structures de production et d'échange suite à l'ouverture, pour ainsi montrer que ces changements n'ont que peu favorisé le développement. La Colombie tend à négliger sa spécialisation internationale historique dans le café et la plupart des cultures transitoires (blé, riz, orge, sorgo, coton, etc.) pour privilégier d'autres cultures dont les effets positifs sur le développement sont moindres. Bien que les hydrocarbures et d'autres matières brutes bénéficient d'un certain potentiel d'exportation, le développement des territoires où l'extraction a lieu reste faible. Se pose en outre un problème de soutenabilité de l'extraction. Enfin, si l'industrie manufacturière a pu croitre au rythme du régime de croissance, elle le doit à la protection dont elle bénéficie encore dans le cadre du traitement différentiel des pays en développement à l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce et moins aux opportunités d'exportation données par l'ouverture. Le jour où ce traitement sera diminué voire supprimé, toute une partie de l'économie colombienne est menacée.

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Thieme, Juliane. "The political economy of backpacker tourism consumption and production in Colombia." Thesis, University of Kent, 2018. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/66614/.

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Backpacker tourism has been an increasing phenomenon since the 1960s (Cohen 1973; Hampton 2013), and many Less Developed Countries (LDCs) are now favourite destinations for backpackers. This backpacker tourism development raises questions about the effects it has on the host communities as well as on the backpackers themselves However, the impact of backpacker tourism development on the power relations between the actors of this development, i.e. the backpackers, the host communities with their businesses, and the governmental actors, have been little explored. This thesis examines the relationship between backpacker tourism development and the power relations between the backpackers, the host communities with their businesses, and the governmental actors in Colombia. Adopting a broad Political Economy (PE) approach, the thesis investigates the backpacker tourism development in two rural communities, one a long-standing backpacker tourism destination, the other one a more recent development. The study includes the three main actors of tourism development: the backpackers as tourism consumers, the businesses catering to them as tourism producers, and the governmental actors influencing backpacker tourism development. It analyses the actors' social, cultural and political embeddedness within their respective communities. The thesis explores how these three main actors of backpacker tourism development interact with each other, how they are interlinked in the two researched communities on the three types of embeddedness mentioned above, and how they affect and are affected by backpacker tourism development. The thesis key contribution is the theoretical framework. It investigates the interaction between consumption and production, as advocated by (Ateljevic 2000), while also anchoring the three actors in the social, cultural and political structures they act within. It combines two existing frameworks into a new, holistic one: The first one is a framework by Ferguson (2011), focussing on small-scale actors in rural communities, and also on the consumption patterns of consumers from LDCs, in this case on Latin American backpackers travelling within Latin America (Colombia). The second component of the framework is Mosedale's (2011) theoretical framework that examines the embeddedness of the actors of tourism development on three different types: their structural embeddedness into social structures and networks, their cultural embeddedness, and their political embeddedness on a local, regional and national level. The thesis' new framework therefore provides one answer to the call for more theorisation, both in tourism studies (see Bianchi 2009; Hannam 2002; Tribe 2006) and in PE (see Britton 1982). It further focusses on small-scale actors, in this case backpacker tourism Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) instead of Transnational Enterprises (TNCs) as often investigated in tourism and PE studies (e.g. Britton 1982; Freitag 1994). The research aim was addressed in an ethnographic field study, consisting of mainly interviews (n=53) with backpackers, backpacker tourism business owners, and policy makers in two different fieldwork locations in Colombia. Additional data was collected through participant observation, policy document analysis, and other supporting methods such as mapping exercises and the analysis of online and offline travel materials. The findings show that backpacker tourism development often reinforced unequal power relations that were prevalent within the communities and on a global scale. For example, on the production side, this includes issues such as the access to knowledge of the backpacker market by local business owners, resulting in foreign business owners with travel experience having more knowledge power over the locals competing in the same market. On the consumption side, many backpackers from developed countries possessed more financial power to travel for prolonged periods of time in comparison to their Latin American counterparts, who travelled for less time or had to work while travelling. Furthermore, the local government's involvement in tourism development seemed to be vital for a more successful execution of backpacker tourism within the communities, with a lack of involvement leading to a power vacuum in one community that was filled by shadow industries. The theoretical contribution of the thesis include that it brings in different voices by including different actors of tourism development from different national and social backgrounds. The inclusiveness of all actors and the structures they work within into one framework allows for a more accurate analysis of the processes of tourism development and its implicit power relations that help to shape backpacker tourism development. It also gives a better indication of why these processes happen the way they do, and how the actors work within the given social, cultural and political structures. The new framework and the analysis could then lead to a more thorough and integrated analysis, considering all actors and their influence upon tourism development and on each other. The analysis of the findings also propose some practical implications for tourism businesses and policy makers, such as an upscale shift in the backpacker tourism market, artesano backpackers bridging the gap between tourism producers and consumers, and the need for the local and regional government to invest in the education of their citizens to enable them to successfully participate in the (backpacker) tourism business.

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Parada, Jairo Jesus Sturgeon James I. "A pragmatic institutional economics approach to economic development and institutions the case of Colombia /." Diss., UMK access, 2006.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Economics. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2006.
"A dissertation in economics and Social Science Consortium." Advisor: James I. Sturgeon. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Jan. 29, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 244-256). Online version of the print edition.

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Cintron, Maria Mendez. "The 1998 fall of coffee prices: a market structure problem: political economy impact in Brazil and Colombia." Thesis, Boston University, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27619.

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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02

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Perez, Carmona Alexander [Verfasser]. "The Political Economy of NIMBY : Conflictive Landfill Siting in Colombia / Alexander Perez Carmona." Aachen : Shaker, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149279958/34.

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Rodríguez, Acosta Sandra. "Tres ensayos sobre economía de la salud en Colombia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/107951.

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Esta investigación se centra en estudiar el acceso a servicios de salud en Colombia. La hipótesis es que la brecha entre acceso a servicios de salud y cobertura de aseguramiento en salud en Colombia está explicada por diferencias en el contexto en que viven los individuos (características regionales y del mercado de aseguramiento), y que impactan el acceso de manera diferencial y por tanto también la salud. El trabajo está dividido en tres capítulos independientes. El capítulo uno, propone la construcción de un índice compuesto de acceso a salud –ICA-. Este índice es la primera medida compuesta que reúne, a partir de variables indicadoras de fácil disponibilidad, los principales determinantes del acceso a salud. Para construirlo se utiliza la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida 2008, y se aplica análisis multivariado de componentes principales con matriz de correlación policórica. A partir de su construcción y validación se evidencia que el acceso, conceptualizado como un fenómeno multidimensional, va más allá de la disponibilidad de aseguramiento. El acceso es explicado por características individuales, contextuales, y por la percepción y utilización de los servicios. Cuando los sub-pilares del índice se analizaron independientemente, se observó que existe un proceso de ajuste entre el acceso potencial individual y el acceso potencial contextual. Las regiones con más bajo índice (Amazonía y Pacífica), se caracterizan por no tener la capacidad de contrarrestar con determinantes contextuales las necesidades desde el punto de vista individual. Lo cual indicaría que la heterogeneidad persistente entre regiones impacta el acceso de la población de forma diferencial. El capítulo dos, tiene dos propósitos: primero verificar si las condiciones económicas contextuales influyen sobre el acceso y la salud auto-percibida, independiente del estatus socioeconómico en que se ubique el individuo. Y segundo, explorar los mecanismos en el nivel de las regiones que podrían ayudar a explicar la influencia de las condiciones económicas estructurales sobre el acceso y la percepción de una pobre salud. Se utiliza la metodología de análisis multinivel para separar los factores individuales y contextuales que influyen sobre el acceso y la percepción de salud. Entre los resultados se muestra que el estatus socioeconómico es un determinante del acceso y de la salud auto-percibida, a través de las regiones. No obstante, permanecen diferencias significativas en el acceso a salud y la salud percibida, aún después de controlar por riqueza individual, nivel educativo y pertenencia étnica. Éstas solo desaparecen cuando se tiene en cuenta la desigualdad de ingreso. Además, al estudiar el vínculo entre desigualdad y salud, las hipótesis abordadas, relacionadas con ingreso individual, estatus de ansiedad, capital social y neo-materialista, evidencian que el vínculo entre pobre salud auto-percibida y desigualdad de ingreso, y del acceso a salud con la desigualdad de ingreso, se podría dar vía estatus de ansiedad o capital social más que, por ingreso individual o perspectiva neo-materialista. Y el capítulo tres, se centra en el mercado de aseguramiento de servicios de salud en Colombia. Específicamente busca analizar si este mercado está concentrado, y si esa concentración influye en el acceso a servicios de salud. Para esto, se estiman modelos de forma reducida utilizando información financiera y de afiliación para el total del mercado de aseguramiento del país (33 áreas de mercado), en sus dos modalidades, contributivo y subsidiado, en el periodo 2007-¬2011. Como principal resultado, se evidencia la presencia de mercados concentrados, y se encuentra que estas aseguradoras no sólo ejercen poder al influir en el nivel de aseguramiento, sino que ejercen también influencia sobre la producción de servicios hospitalarios. Todo ello conlleva a que las estructuras concentradas y el ejercicio del poder de mercado de las aseguradoras se constituyan en potenciales limitantes del acceso a los servicios de salud.
This research is focused on the access to health care in Colombia. The hypothesis is that the gap between access to health care and health insurance coverage in Colombia is explained by differences in the context in which individuals live (regional characteristics and insurance market), and that these differences have an impact in several ways on the access and the health. The research is divided in three independent chapters. Chapter one, proposes to construct a composite index of access to health (CIA). This index is the first composite measurement in collect, from indicator variables easily available, the main determinants of health access. To build the CIA, I used the Quality of Life Survey 2008, and applied multivariate analysis of principal components with polychoric correlation matrix. The CIA shows that access, conceptualized as a multidimensional phenomenon, is beyond the availability of health insurance. Access is explained by individual and contextual characteristics, and the perception and use of health services. When the sub-index pillars were analyzed separately, it was observed that there is an adjustment process between individual potential access and contextual potential access. The regions with the lowest index (Amazon and Pacific), are characterized by the lack of ability to neutralize the individual needs with contextual determinants. This would indicate that there is a persistent heterogeneity across regions that differentially impact the population’s health access. The chapter two has two purposes: the first one is to check whether contextual economic conditions influence access and self-reported health, regardless of socioeconomic status in which the individual is located. And the second one is to explore the mechanisms at regional level that might help to explain the influence of structural economic conditions on access and perception of poor health. I use multilevel analysis methodology to separate individual and contextual factors that influence access and health perception. Among the results, I show that socioeconomic status is a determinant of access and self-reported health throughout the regions. However, significant differences remain in access to health and self-reported health, even after controlling by individual wealth, education and ethnicity. These differences just disappear when income inequality is considered. Moreover, when I studied the link between inequality and health, following the hypotheses related to individual income, anxiety status, social capital and neo-materialist explanation; I show that the link between poor health self-reported and the income inequality, and access to health with the income inequality, could be explained via anxiety status or social capital, in opposition to individual income or the neo-materialist explanation. Finally, the third chapter focuses on the insurance market of health services in Colombia. Specifically, it seeks to analyze whether this market is concentrated, and if this concentration affects the access to health services. For this, I estimated reduced-form models and I used financial and insurance membership data for the Colombian health insurance market (33 market areas), in its two types: contributory and subsidized, in the period 2007- 2011. As a main result, I show the presence of concentrated markets, and that these insurers are not only exerting power by influencing the level of assurance, but also exerting influence on the production of hospital services. All of this leads to concentrated structures and that the exercise of market power of insurers, from becoming in an access limiter to health services.

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Pritchett, Anthony J. "U.S. economic assistance to Colombia: a model for U.S. economic assistance to Mexico?" Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38997.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Strong, effective, economic assistance programs are a crucial part of U.S. foreign policy. They are a primary instrument for advancing U.S. national interests, enhancing global stability, expanding economic opportunities, and promoting American democratic values. From 2004 through 2010, the United States donated more than $16 billion in economic assistance to countries in the Western Hemisphere. Some ask why the United States spends so much money abroad on humanitarian programs and infrastructure investments in developing states. To address this question, this thesis looks at Colombia and Mexico, both of which are of crucial strategic importance to the United States. Under Plan Colombia (20002006), U.S. economic assistance and staunch political will enabled Colombia to improve from 14th (2005) to 57th (2013) on the Failed State Index scale. As a result, Colombia has also emerged as a stronger U.S. partner in the Western Hemisphere. The Colombian experience was historically specific, but lessons can be extracted for Mexico, even though its history and relationship with Washington is very different. In particular, the recent Merida Initiative (Plan Mexico; 2008present) can benefit immensely from being carefully evaluated in light of the earlier success of Plan Colombia.

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Sing, Emilie. "Neoliberalism versus Social Rights: The Formalization of Waste Picker Organizations in Bogotá, Colombia." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38631.

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Global waste generation trends are increasing at an alarming rate. Low- and middle-income countries (or the ‘Global South’) bear an increasing proportion of this burden, as the amount of waste produced in these countries is expected to surge drastically in the coming years. Since cities in the Global South rarely have formal municipal recycling systems, recycling activities are typically performed by waste pickers who are precariously employed and sell their wares in unpredictable, unregulated markets. That is to say, this economic activity is an archetype of what is commonly referred to as that taking place in the ‘informal sector.’ Although waste pickers must often confront exclusionary policies and social marginalization, some countries such as Colombia have begun to recognize the social, economic, and environmental contributions of informal recycling activities and have introduced policies that support waste pickers by trying to improve their working conditions. Bogotá has been recognized internationally as an example of ‘best practice’ in terms of creating inclusive policies aimed towards improving the livelihoods of waste pickers. To this end, the Colombian government has introduced, in 2016, National Decree 596, which recognizes and remunerates waste picker organizations as official providers of municipal recycling services. Although this decree legitimizes these ‘third sector’ organizations and has important implications for ‘alternative’ models of service delivery, it has had contradictory effects: although it successfully recognizes the important role that waste pickers play in the waste management system, it also introduces barriers that impede the formalization of waste picker organizations. For example, the decree sets unattainable requirements for the recognition of waste picker organizations and does little to mitigate the vulnerability that waste pickers experience in the face of competition from large, private (often multinational) companies. Based on one month of fieldwork conducted in Bogotá from November 10th to December 10th, 2017, this thesis explores these contradictions and suggests that these barriers originate from the conflicting neoliberal and rights-based orientations of the 1991 Constitution.

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Diallo, Aliou Baguissa. "Evaluation of the economic impact of geographical indications : three case studies." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAD003/document.

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Cette thèse évalue l'impact économique des politiques de qualité liée à l'origine en mobilisant des méthodes d'évaluation que nous adaptons à la spécificité des démarches de certification, notamment à leur dimension spatiale. Dans un premier temps, nous analysons l'effet de l'adoption d’une Appellation d’Origine Protégée (AOP) sur le prix ainsi que sur les coûts de production des producteurs de lait AOP en Franche-Comté, en exploitant la discontinuité géographique à la frontière (Geographic Regression Discontinuity). Dans un second temps, nous utilisons les méthodes d'appariement statistique pour analyser les hétérogénéités régionales en termes de prix et de coûts de production entre les régions Auvergne, Rhône-Alpes et Franche-Comté avant de nous intéresser aux effets à une échelle nationale. Enfin, nous évaluons l'effet de l'adoption d'une Indication Géographique Protégée (IGP) sur les prix payés aux producteurs de Café de Colombie à l'aide des méthodes comparatives (synthetic control methods). En moyenne, les résultats montrent un effet positif de l'adoption de l'indication géographique sur la performance économique des exploitations. Cependant, cet effet est hétérogène entre les filières et les régions d'origine des produits
This thesis evaluates the economic impact of quality-related-to-origin policies using evaluation methods adapted to the specificity of such certifications, in particular, the spatial dimension. First, we analyze the effect of a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) adoption on price and production costs of PDO milk producers in Franche-Comté using a Geographic Regression Discontinuity (GRD) design. Secondly, we use propensity matching methods to analyze regional heterogeneity in Auvergne, Rhône-Alpes, and Franche-Comté before focusing on the effect of the PDO adoption at a national level. Finally, we evaluate the effect of the adoption of a Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) on prices paid to Colombian coffee producers using synthetic control methods. Overall, we find that PDO and/or PGI adoption is associated with positive effects on farmers' economic performances. However, these effects are not homogeneously distributed

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22

Brando, Carlos. "The political economy of financing late development : credit, capital and industrialisation, Colombia 1940-67." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/607/.

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Accounts of economic development during mid-twentieth century have been dominated by import-substituting industrialisation (ISI) and/or state-led industrialisation frameworks. is literature attaches considerable importance to such policy areas critical to manufacturing as: trade and tariﬀs, foreign exchange and the promotion of credit. According to this view, industrialisation became an oﬃcial goal and in many developing economies governments committed to it seriously. Focusing on Colombia, this dissertation challenges conventional wisdom. It demonstrates that the Colombian state did not provide ﬁnancial aid, or implement deliberate trade-protectionist support, for industrialists to the degree hitherto argued. A distinct political-economy conﬁguration, in which small-scale agriculturalists, particularly coﬀee exporters, wielded signiﬁcant power within the state, meant that the type of distortive pro-ISI macro policies pursued in other Latin American economies were eschewed. Industrialisation proceeded apace in Colombia, but this was chieﬂy a market- or private-led phenomenon. e methodology employed to substantiate this claim is not comparative, yet frequent references are made to other Latin American nations to serve as benchmarks and counterpoints. New archival material, both quantitative and qualitative, is combined in novel ways to substantiate the original, revisionist interpretations advanced in the thesis. Policy-makers, targeting the twin challenges of managing external-account pressures and sustaining ﬁscal revenue, rather than promoting inward-looking development, best explain moderate levels of tariﬀs and slight overvaluation of the currency observed in Colombian trade policy. e heretofore untold history of the Institute for Industrial Development, a direct supplier of venture capital, shows a government agency with major organisational weaknesses, incapable of fulﬁlling its legal mandate, least of conforming to the major role attached by the literature as key agent for industrialisation. Findings regarding credit demonstrate that neither ordinary nor subsidised credit ﬂowed to manufacturing to the extent previously thought. Patterns of legislated credit, sector-targeted banking and privileged access to the Central Bank, all show that agrarian ventures, not industrialists, were the recipients of subsidised oﬃcial ﬁnancing. A growing incompatibility between the ﬁnancial requirements of advanced industrialisation and the clientelistic nature of the domestic polity that had to cater for the needs of agrarian groups, prevented policy elites from adopting a pro-manufacturing stance in ﬁnancial and credit policies, even had they so wished.

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23

Loughna, Sean. "The political economy of internal displacement in Colombia : the case of African palm oil." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b535409e-078a-49f2-918e-1a450a71ff29.

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Some 5 million people were classified as internally displaced in Colombia at the end of 2012, which represented about 10 per cent of the population and the highest number in the world at the time. Colombia differs from other countries with high levels of displacement in that it is comparatively politically stable, has effective national institutions, a relatively strong formal economy, and can by no means be described as a ‘failed’ or ‘failing’ state. The displacement literature tends to characterise the phenomenon as a humanitarian crisis and a side effect of the long-running civil war. But Colombians continue to be displaced in very large numbers despite the formal demobilization of the paramilitaries in 2006 and the diminished military capacity and engagement of the guerrillas since about the same period: the same groups that are widely regarded as being the main perpetrators of displacement. This thesis contends that displacement of the civilian population in Colombia is frequently not a consequence of violence, but rather the primary objective, where violence plays a facilitatory role. Moreover, the thesis asserts that these massive levels of displacement are substantively linked to predominantly economically-motivated logics and are regionally specific. By examining an agricultural commodity that has significantly expanded relatively recently in Colombia - African palm oil - this research examines if and how expanded cultivation may be linked to displacement. Using a political economy framework of analysis combined with empirical fieldwork, it explores the ‘localised displacement logics’ whereby land is coercively acquired by powerful local groups. The thesis concludes that the abandonment and dispossession of land from poor and marginalised groups constitutes part of an ongoing process of capitalist expansion and statebuilding in Colombia. Contrary to assertions that it is the intra-state conflict that constitutes the central obstacle to development, Colombia’s current trajectory of capitalist development may actually be a central obstacle to sustainable peace and not lead to an end to displacement.

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24

Echavarria, Juan Jose. "External shocks and industrialization : Colombia. 1920-1950." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239458.

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Garza, Nestor. "Land policy and prices in Latin America : spatial economic tales of Colombian cities." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708483.

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Merchán, Guerrero Olga Marina 1968. "Assessing the effects of violence on regional economic development in Colombia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68816.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-86).
This study explores whether high levels of violence have affected regional economic growth in Colombia. Prior studies investigating the effects of violence on regional economic development are analyzed and found to have narrowly focused on certain areas in Colombia, and only during short periods of time. In contrast, this study investigates this issue during three periods: 1) 1938-1959; 2) 1960-1975; and, 3) 1980-1997 to provide not only an economic and historical framework but also to see whether there is a development pattern among the regions that exhibit high levels of violence and economic growth. For each of the periods, homicide rates for each of Colombia's departments are used as a variable to measure levels of violence, and departmental GDPs and sector variations are used as a measurement of economic growth. Results reveal a positive relationship between violence and economic growth when the region is experiencing an economic boom. The different types of actors and institutional arrangements that were involved in the exploitation of economic activities that allowed a dynamic growth for the region are further explored. Moreover, the "cause and effect" relationship between violence and economic growth is explored.
by Olga Marina Merchán Guerrero.
M.C.P.

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Guerrero, Bedoya Daniel. "Essays on the influence of schooling on artisanal fishing in Colombia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669684.

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En general, la falta de oportunidades de ingresos alternativos es un problema que afecta a la pesca en pequeña escala, tanto marina como continental. Debido a esto, los pescadores intensifican el esfuerzo pesquero. Por lo tanto, algunas evidencias han demostrado que las soluciones a este problema pueden encontrarse fuera de la actividad. Por lo general, las comunidades que se dedican a esta actividad están ubicadas en zonas rurales remotas, con muy pocas oportunidades de empleo que tienden a incluir a personas no calificadas, pobres y sin tierra que dependen de los ingresos derivados únicamente de la pesca. De este modo, las pesquerías de acceso abierto se consideran como el último recurso para los hogares de pescadores cuando no se obtiene una fuente diferente de ingresos. El objetivo de esta investigación es explicar que invertir en educación ayuda a evitar el agotamiento de las economías dependientes en recursos naturales. Por tanto, se argumenta que invertir en educación promueve la gestión eficiente de los recursos elimina el efecto negativo causado por su auge, fomenta la mejora tecnológica y aumenta la posibilidad de sustitución entre los factores de producción y las actividades económicas. En consecuencia, al mejorar el conjunto de capacidades como la educación, los pescadores pueden diversificar sus actividades de medios de vida fortaleciendo sus ingresos, asegurando el desarrollo de la comunidad y reduciendo su vulnerabilidad. Bajo esta premisa, esta investigación presenta los resultados de tres estudios de caso de comunidades pesqueras a pequeña escala en Colombia. El objetivo de esta investigación es contribuir a la discusión argumentando que también se pueden encontrar soluciones para el problema con respecto a la presión sobre las pesquerías mejorando el capital humano y proporcionando diferentes oportunidades económicas para cada comunidad pesquera.
Generally, the lack of alternative income opportunities is a problem that affects the smallscale fisheries, both marine and inland. Due to this, laborers in the activity intensify the fishing effort. Thereof, some findings have shown that solutions to this problem might be found outside the activity. Usually, communities that depend on this activity are located in remote rural areas, with very few employment opportunities tending to include non-skilled, poor, and landless people who rely their livelihoods only on fishing. Then, open access fisheries are considered as a last resort for fishing households when a failure to obtain a different source of income exists. This research aims to explain that investing in education helps to avoid depletion of resource-based economies. Then, it is argued that investing in education promotes efficient management of resources, eliminates the negative effect caused by a resource boom, encourages technological improvement, and increases the possibility of substitution between production factors and economic activities. Accordingly, by enhancing the set of capabilities such as education, fishermen can diversify their livelihood activities strengthening their income, ensuring the community development and reducing their vulnerability. Under this premise, this research presents findings from three case studies from small-scale fishing communities from Colombia. The objective of this research is to contribute to the discussion by arguing that solutions for the problem regarding the pressure on fisheries can also be found by enhancing human capital and providing different economic opportunities of fishing communities.

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Gómez, Florez Gustavo Adolfo. "Desplazamiento forzado, inmigración y salarios : evidencia para Colombia." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/164066.

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TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR EN ECONOMÍA
La migración en Colombia tiene motivaciones voluntarias, relacionadas con factores económicos, e involuntarias, asociadas al desplazamiento forzado debido a la violencia. Este documento, estudia los efectos del desplazamiento voluntario e involuntario sobre el salario en el mercado laboral an fitrión. Consta de tres capítulos. El primero contiene una revisión bibliográfi ca. El segundo, evalúa las diferencias salariales entre los nativos y los refugiados internos, con el objetivo de constatar si existe algún grado de discriminación salarial contra los refugiados internos, aspecto que hasta ahora no había sido evaluado. Además, contribuye a las investigaciones sobre el tema al utilizar el lugar de nacimiento para instrumentalizar la migración, instrumento que no había sido aplicado hasta el momento. Los resultados encontrados apoyan la hipótesis de discriminación salarial hacia la población desplazada por la violencia. El tercer capítulo evalúa el impacto de la inmigración sobre los salarios de los nativos, a través de dos estrategias empíricas que no han sido aplicadas al caso colombiano: la correlación geográfi ca y los grupos de habilidad. Su principal aporte consiste en controlar las perturbaciones migratorias según hayan sido voluntarias o estén asociadas a la violencia. Los resultados encontrados sugieren que los inmigrantes voluntarios son sustitutos de los nativos, mientras que los refugiados internos son complementarios. Estos resultados apoyan la hipótesis de la presencia de un efecto diferenciado sobre los salarios de los nativos seg un el tipo de migración voluntario o involuntaria.

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Pérez, Rincón Mario Alejandro. "Comercio Internacional y Medio Ambiente en Colombia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4072.

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Desde la perspectiva de la Economía Ecológica, el Comercio Internacional no es un juego de suma positiva donde todos los participantes resultan ganadores por el intercambio comercial, sino que es un juego de suma cero, donde hay beneficiados y perjudicados en los aspectos ecológicos. Bajo este aspecto, el comercio internacional juega un papel protagónico como un nuevo "vector ambiental" que distribuye en forma asimétrica los costos ecológicos entre los países que comercian, siendo los países con abundancia de recursos naturales los que resultan perdedores en este intercambio comercial. Las ventajas comparativas estáticas hacen que estos países se especialicen en la producción y exportación de bienes natural-intensivos e importen bienes capital-intensivos. Este patrón de especialización conlleva mayores costos ecológicos puesto que los recursos exportados no incluyen en los precios de exportación la pérdida ni la depreciación del patrimonio ambiental. A su vez, los términos de intercambio del comercio internacional, junto a las relaciones desiguales de poder entre Norte y Sur, hacen que se requiera cada vez exportar y explotar más recursos naturales para obtener la misma cantidad de bienes importados. Esto es lo que se conoce como el intercambio ecológicamente desigual heredero de las diferentes versiones de la teoría de la dependencia.
Pero además, el patrón de especialización de las diferentes economías no resulta solo de la aplicación de la "ley de las ventajas comparativas", sino que corresponde también a una división internacional del trabajo o Sistema Económico Mundial, en el cual los países ricos en recursos naturales juegan el papel de proveedores de materias primas (commodities) y algunos bienes suntuarios de origen primario (preciosities) para los países desarrollados. O, dicho en términos de la Economía Ecológica, cumplen el rol de proveedores de recursos materiales y energéticos para que el proceso metabólico de los países del Norte pueda realizarse. Aunque también los proveen de bienes para satisfacer sus necesidades "postmateriales". Esto llama a la necesidad de estudiar a las Naciones no como realidades aisladas sino como parte integrante de un engranaje más amplio a nivel internacional tanto en el plano económico y político como en el ecológico.
Este es el panorama conceptual y teórico sobre el que descansa la presente investigación doctoral, teniendo como propósito examinar las diferentes interrelaciones e impactos del comercio exterior colombiano sobre el medio ambiente a lo largo de buena parte de la historia económica contemporánea colombiana, buscando evidenciar el intercambio ecológicamente desigual.
Con ese propósito, el trabajo doctoral se dividió en ocho objetivos específicos, recurriendo además a una serie de técnicas y métodos que permitieron la cuantificación biofísica de los impactos ambientales de la actividad económica y del comercio internacional. Los objetivos específicos fueron: a) Conocer las bases biofísicas del comercio exterior colombiano, analizando las tendencias del intercambio ecológicamente desigual en el periodo 1970-2004; b) Identificar el papel que el flujo de capitales (deuda externa e inversión extranjera) ha tenido como herramienta para preservar el patrón de desarrollo natural-intensivo de la economía colombiana en el mismo periodo; c) Identificar los cambios en el uso y cobertura del suelo agrícola asociados a la dinámica del comercio internacional (1961-2004); d) Conocer el comportamiento de la eficiencia energética del sistema agrario colombiano durante el periodo 1961-2003, a través del análisis de su balance energético, y en relación con sus patrones de especialización productiva; e) Identificar los cambios en la cantidad de agua usada por la agricultura colombiana asociados a la dinámica económica agrícola y a su comercio internacional durante el periodo 1961-2004; f) Identificar los efectos que sobre el uso del territorio y el agua en una región y zona específica del país, han tenido los cambios en el patrón de especialización productiva impulsados por el Comercio Internacional (1960-2004). En este caso se trabajó sobre el departamento del Valle del Cauca y la cuenca hidrográfica del río Bolo del mismo departamento. g) Identificar e ilustrar con casos específicos conflictos ecológicos distributivos asociados al Comercio Internacional que implícitamente señalan protestas contra el intercambio ecológicamente desigual en Colombia.
Los resultados finales de esta investigación encuentran evidencia del intercambio ecológicamente desigual que caracteriza al comercio exterior colombiano en el periodo analizado, aspecto que es promovido por una estructura institucional y de relaciones de poder asociadas al sistema económico mundial. Este intercambio ecológica y económicamente desigual se transfiere a regiones y localidades específicas generando además conflictos ecológicos distributivos entre los sectores exportadores y las comunidades que tradicionalmente se han beneficiado del uso de estos recursos naturales y sus servicios ambientales.
From the perspective of ecological economics, international trade is not a positive sum game in which all of the participants are winners, but rather a zero-sum game with winners and losers in terms of ecology. International trade plays a leading role as a new 'environmental vector' that asymmetrically distributes the ecological costs between the trading countries, with those countries with the most abundant natural resources losing out in international exchange. The comparative static advantages lead to these countries specialising in the production and export of goods intensive in natural resources and importing capital-intensive goods. This specialisation pattern has greater ecological costs as the cost of exported resources does not include the loss or the depreciation of natural assets. In turn, international terms of trade, as well as unequal power relations between the North and South, mean that more and more natural resources have to be exploited in order to obtain the same amount of imported goods. This is what is known as ecologically unequal exchange, heir of various different versions of dependency theory.
The specialisation pattern of different economies is not only caused by the application of the "law of comparative advantage" but also by an international division of labour, or the global economics system. Under this system, countries rich in natural resources play the role of suppliers of raw materials (commodities) or some primary luxury goods (preciosities) to developed countries. In the terms of ecological economics, they play the role of natural and energy resource suppliers so that the metabolic process of Northern countries can function. The same countries also provide goods to satisfy 'postmaterial needs'. This evidences the need to study nations not by themselves, but rather as an integral part of a much longer chain at the international level, as much at the economic and political level as at the ecological.
This is the conceptual and theoretical framework that underpins this doctoral thesis. The objective of the research is to examine the different interrelations and impacts of Colombian foreign trade on the environment throughout contemporary economic history, in order to demonstrate the existence of ecologically unequal exchange.
With this purpose in mind, the doctoral work was divided into eight main objectives, making use of a series of techniques and methods that allowed for biophysical quantification of the environmental impact of economic activity and of international trade. These objectives are: a) Research the biophysical bases of Colombian foreign trade, analysing the trends in material flows and terms of trade leading to ecologically unequal exchange during the period 1970-2004; b) Identify the role that capital flow (external debt and foreign investment) have had as a tool to preserve the pattern of natural resource intensive development in the Colombian economy in the same period; c) Identify the changes in land use and agricultural land coverage associated with international trade dynamics (1961-2004); d) Research the energy efficiency of the Colombian farming system during the period 1961-2003, through the analysis of its energy balance, in relation to its production specialisation patterns; e) Identify the changes in the quantity of water used, including "virtual water", in Colombian farming, in relation to agricultural dynamics and international trade during the period 1961-2004; f) Identify the effects that changes in the production specialisation pattern driven by international trade have had on water and land use in one area of the country (1960-2004). The Valle del Cauca department, and more specifically, the River Bolo basin, were taken as a case study for this work; g) Identify and document cases of ecological conflict related to international trade that implicitly show protests against ecologically unequal exchange in Colombia.
The final results of the research show evidence of the ecologically unequal exchange that has characterised Colombian foreign trade during the period analysed. This unequal exchange is promoted by an institutional structure and power relations associated with the global economic system. Ecological and economic unequal exchange is transferred to regions and specific locations, generating distribution conflict between the export sectors and the communities that have traditionally benefited from the use of natural resources and their environmental services.

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Oliveira, Daniel Simões. "As regiões guerrilheiras colombianas e sua relação com a economia e politica no mundo contemporaneo." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279245.

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Orientador: Reginaldo Carmello Correa de Moraes
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo aprofundar o conhecimento acerca dos sentidos da atual ordem mundial vigente a partir do estudo da dinâmica conflituosa observada no território colombiano. Nesse sentido, toma como objeto central de sua reflexão a constituição de duas importantes regiões no interior do país, cujos contornos se definem pela presença de atividades econômicas de grande porte mediadas pelos movimentos guerrilheiros que, através do controle da circulação espacial nos espaços em questão, passam a impor uma organização peculiar e funcional aos interesses desses movimentos armados. As duas Regiões em questão, a Cocaleira e a Petrolífera, serão tomadas destarte em suas particularidades internas, para que posteriormente seja pensado o significado destes espaços na lógica do capitalismo contemporâneo, expandido ao nível global
Abstract: The objective of the present work is to deepen the knowledge concerning the directions of the current effective world-wide order from the study of the conflicting dynamics observed in the Columbian territory. In this direction, it takes as central object of its reflection the constitution of two important regions in the interior of the country, whose contours are defined by the presence of great economic activities mediated by the guerrila movements that, through the control of the space circulation in these regions, impose a peculiar and functional organization to the interests of these armed movements. The two Regions in question, the Petroliferous and the Coke one, will be taken in its internal particularities so that later the meaning of these spaces in the contemporary capitalism logic, expanded to the global level, can be thought
Mestrado
Política Externa
Mestre em Relações Internacionais

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Hanchett, Ivy D. "Immigration and economic integration case studies : United States - Mexico and Venezuela - Colombia, /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA293531.

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Thesis (M.S. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, December. 1994.
Thesis advisor(s): Scott D. Tollefson. "December 1994". Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-91). Also available online.

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García, Cruz Gustavo Adolfo. "Essays on the Informal Sector in Developing Countries: The Colombian Case." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129474.

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En el primer capítulo se analizan los factores que afectan la decisión de estar empleado en el sector formal o informal teniendo en cuenta que existe un racionamiento de puestos de empleo formales y por tanto una cola de empleo en éste sector. Usando datos para Colombia los resultados muestran que alrededor del 54% de los trabajadores informales se encuentran en esta situación debido a tal racionamiento de empleos formales. Adicionalmente, se ha encontrado que las características personales, de capital humano y las relacionadas con el hogar, así como la prima salarial asociada con trabajar en el sector formal son factores determinantes en la búsqueda de empleo formal. Entre los factores que influencian la oferta de empleos formales están la dotación de capital humano, el grado de responsabilidad del trabajador y el historial laboral del empleado. En el segundo capítulo se examina la heterogeneidad del sector informal y se analizan las diferencias que existen en los mercados locales de trabajo en Colombia. Nuestros resultados sugieren la coexistencia de actividades informales voluntarias e involuntarias. Igualmente se encuentra que existen importantes diferencias en las características de los mercados laborales entre ciudades, en particular en el segmento tradicional del sector informal. En menos desarrolladas ciudades este segmento representa alrededor del 75% del total del empleo informal, mientras que en más desarrolladas ciudades este segmento representa un 47%. En cuanto a la descomposición del diferencial salarial entre formales e informales, se encuentra que en ciudades con altos niveles de informalidad el diferencial salarial es más reducido en toda la distribución que en el grupo de ciudades con más bajos niveles de informalidad. La poca regulación y persecución por las actividades informales, y en particular la mayor tolerancia por este tipo de actividades en el primer grupo de ciudades, pueden implicar mayores beneficios salariales y no salariales asociados con trabajar en el sector informal. También se ha podido determinar que en la parte baja de la distribución existe una marcada segmentación laboral y el sector informal en esta parte de la distribución representa el segmento desaventajado respecto al sector formal, no solo en términos de baja dotación de capital humano, sino también en términos de bajas tasas de retornos. Por el contrario, en la parte alta de la distribución salarial, el sector informal representa un segmento competitivo en donde los trabajadores voluntariamente escogen la informalidad y aceptan bajos salarios pero evitando las contribuciones a la seguridad social y obteniendo una mayor flexibilidad laboral que no podrían tener en el sector formal. En el tercer capítulo se estudia la distribución espacial de las firmas informales vis-à-vis la de las firmas formales a nivel intra-metropolitano en un país en desarrollo (Cali, Colombia). Igualmente se analizan los efectos de las economías de aglomeración en presencia de un sector informal. Los resultados muestran que los patrones de clusterización de firmas formales pequeñas e informales son similares y existen diferentes grados de clusterización dependiendo de la industria que se esté estudiando. Analizando cada industria, se encuentra que aunque exista una significante clusterización de firmas formales e informales de similar tamaño en la misma industria, no parece existir co-clusterización entre estos tipos de firmas. Este interesante resultado indica que este tipo de firmas formales e informales pueden localizarse en diferentes partes de la ciudad, lo cual es indicio de una segmentación espacial. Por último, los resultados muestran que el sector formal logra mayores beneficios de las economías de aglomeración que el sector informal. Esta diferencia en retornos puede ser debido a las limitaciones que enfrenta el sector informal en términos de acceso a capital físico y humano, su pequeña escala de producción, localización periférica, y los riesgos y vulnerabilidad asociadas con operar fuera de las regulaciones legales.
The first empirical Chapter accounts for the factors that affect the decision to find employment in the formal or informal sectors taking into account that there is a rationing of formal sector jobs and, hence, a job queue to enter that sector. By using data for Colombia we confirm that formal job rationing does exist and that it affects around 54% of the workers that find themselves in the informal labor market. Further among the factors determining actively seeking formal employment are the personal traits and the characteristics of human capital and of the household, as well as the wage premiums associated with working in the formal sector. At the same time, among the factors that have the greatest influence on formal job offers are human capital endowment, the degree of commitment manifest by the workers for their job, the degree of responsibility presented by the worker and the individual’s employment history. The second chapter examines the heterogeneity of the informal sector and analyzes the differences in Colombia’s local labor market. In general, our findings suggest that, both voluntary and involuntary informal employment co-exist by choice and as a result of labor market segmentation. We also find that there are striking differences in labor market characteristics between cities, in particular in the traditional informal segment. In less developed cities this segment represents roughly 75% of total informal employment, while in more developed cities it represents around 47%. Regarding decomposition of the formal/informal wage gap, the results show that in the group of cities with high informality the wage gap was smaller over the whole distribution than the group of cities with low informality. The low regulations, low intensity of enforcement of labor laws and higher tolerance for informal activities can imply higher wage and non-wage benefits associated with working in the informal sector. We also find that at the lower half of the distribution there is a marked segmentation effect and the informal sector in these points of the distribution represents the disadvantage segment not only in terms of lower characteristics, but also in terms of lower rates of return to those characteristics with respect to the formal sector. Conversely, at the upper half of the distribution the informal sector represents a competitive part into which workers voluntarily choose informality and accept lower wages in order to avoid administrative cost of social security and/or due to greater labor flexibility that they would not have in the formal sector. The third chapter examines the spatial distribution of informal enterprises vis-à-vis that of formal enterprises within a metropolitan area of a developing country (Cali, Colombia) and the agglomeration effects in the presence of an informal sector. The results show that the clustering patterns of informal enterprises and formal small enterprises are similar and that there are different degrees of clustering depending on the industry being analyzed. Analyzing each individual industry, we found that although there is a significant clustering of both formal and informal enterprises of similar sizes in the same industry, co-clustering does not seem to exist between these types of enterprise. Interestingly, this indicates that similarly sized formal and informal enterprises belonging to the same industry may locate in different parts of the city, which is an indication of spatial segmentation. Finally, we found that the formal sector achieves greater benefits from agglomeration economies than are obtained by the informal sector. This differential in returns may be due to the constraints faced by the informal sector in terms of accessing physical and human capital and their small-scale production, peripheral location, and the risks and vulnerability associated with operating outside legal regulations.

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Linares, de GoÌmez Rosalba. "International boundaries and economic integration : freight transportation and labour disputes on the Venezuelan-Colombian border." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289074.

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Charris, Vizcaino Carlos Andres. "Early exposure to macroeconomic shocks: gold boom and birth weight in Colombia." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2017. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10578.

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A literatura sobre o capital humano tem sugerido um papel importante das capacidades individuais na formação de capital humano. Existem evidências de que as desigualdades observadas nas capacidades são conseqüências de diferenças nas dotações iniciais (por exemplo, peso ao nascer). Por sua vez, há uma hipótese na literatura epidemiológica apontando que os fetos são vulneráveis a fatores ambientais, os quais podem ter um impacto positivo ou negativo sobre as dotações iniciais deles. Em geral, isto sugere que a identificação de choques que afetam a saúde no nascimento deve ser de particular interesse para pesquisadores e formuladores de políticas. Portanto, esta pesquisa tentou fornecer mais evidências empíricas sobre a questão se os choques macroeconômicos têm efeitos sobre os resultados neonatais. A evidência provém do estudo dos efeitos colaterais do incremento dos preços internacionais do ouro (de 2002 a 2012) na probabilidade de baixo e muito baixo peso ao nascer no contexto colombiano. Adicionalmente, verificamos se este efeito está correlacionado com medidas de exposição materna ao boom do ouro. Como as mudanças no retorno ao trabalho relacionado ao ouro são acompanhadas por efeitos de renda e substituição concorrentes, estimamos o efeito líquido do boom do ouro na saúde ao nascer. A nossa metodologia seguiu o método de diferenças em diferenças ao avaliar se as mudanças nos preços mundiais do ouro afetam desproporcionalmente os resultados do nascimento nos municípios que produzem mais dessa commodity. Usando os registros de estatísticas vitais de 1998 a 2014, descobrimos que o aumento dos preços mundiais do ouro reduziu a incidência de baixo e muito baixo peso ao nascer em municípios produtores de ouro. Verificamos também que o choque aumentou a fertilidade para as mães menos educadas e diminuiu o uso do cuidado pré-natal para todas as mães. Conclui-se que, dado que o comportamento das mulheres respeito à saúde piora com o boom do ouro e que a renda é mais alta neste ciclo, parece indicar que o efeito renda é um determinante importante da saúde ao nascer.
The human capital literature has suggested a significant role of individual capabilities in the formation of human capital. There is substantial evidence that inequalities in capacities are consequences of differences in initial endowments (e.g. birth weight). In turn, there exists a hypothesis in the epidemiological literature pointing out that fetuses are vulnerable to environmental factors, which can have a positive or negative impact on their initial endowments. Taken together, this suggests that identifying shocks that affect health at birth must be of particular interest to researchers and policy makers. Therefore, this research attempted to provide further empirical evidence to the question whether macroeconomic shocks have effect on neonatal outcomes. The evidence came from of the study of collateral effects of the 2002 surge in international gold prices on the probability of low and very low birth weight in the Colombian context. Additionally, we verified whether this effect is correlated with measures of maternal exposure to the gold boom. Because changes in the return to gold-related work are accompanied by competing income and substitution effects, we estimated the net effect of the gold boom on health at birth. Our methodology followed a difference-in- differences approach by assessing whether changes in gold world prices affect birth outcomes disproportionately in municipalities that produce more of this commodity. Using the records of vital statistics from 1998 to 2014, we find that the surge in world gold prices disproportionately reduced the incidence of low and low birth weight in gold municipalities. We also find that the shock increased fertility for less-educated mothers and decreased use of prenatal care for all mothers. We conclude that, given that women’s health behavior worsens with gold boom and that incomes are higher in this cycle, it would seem that the income effect is an important determinant of health at birth.
Não foi localizado o currículo lattes do autor.

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35

Colmenares, Guerra Santiago. "La inserción de economías regionales periféricas al mercado mundial: el caso del tabaco en el Caribe colombiano, 1850-1914." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461455.

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La presente investigación reconstruye la historia económica y agraria de los Montes de María, región ubicada en el Caribe interior colombiano, a partir del estudio de un fenómeno histórico concreto en América Latina: el impacto de la globalización económica sobre economías regionales periféricas que, por diversas razones, se insertaron en las redes del intercambio global durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y principios del XX. El análisis de este fenómeno se realiza mediante la explicación de cuatro procesos específicos: i) el surgimiento y desarrollo del capitalismo comercial en una economía campesina caracterizada por una frontera agrícola abierta; ii) las transformaciones de la economía regional y de la economía campesina a lo largo de las distintas fases del ciclo exportador; iii) la distribución del ingreso a lo largo de la cadena de producción-comercialización y los cambios en los niveles de vida de la población campesina, y iv) las dinámicas del proceso de diferenciación económica tanto al nivel de los ingresos como de la estructura de tenencia de la tierra. La investigación se basa en un exhaustivo empleo de fuentes primarias, especialmente documentos notariales consultados en varios archivos de la región, así como prensa nacional y regional. Los resultados del trabajo resaltan la importancia de un aspecto de la dinámica agro-exportadora de Colombia en el siglo XIX que ha sido poco estudiado en la literatura: el hecho de que, a pesar de los cambios estructurales y las transformaciones en la economía agraria impulsados por las fuerzas de mercado externas, la agro-exportación, cuando se basó en trabajadores rurales relativamente independientes (economías campesinas típicas), mostró una gran capacidad de adaptación que se reflejó en la continuidad de la producción, aun en periodos de crisis. En este sentido, la experiencia de los Montes de María durante el siglo XIX, con la exportación de tabaco, emula, a pequeña escala, algunos elementos que serían característicos del gran auge del café, en el siglo XX. En la reconstrucción de esta historia, además, la investigación aporta nuevas series de precios que son claves para comprender las dinámicas del cambio regional, tales como los precios campesinos de exportación, los precios de los alimentos básicos y los precios de la tierra.

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Bermudez, Luis Eduardo Reina. "Direitos de propriedade e desenvolvimento regional: o caso da Altillanura colombiana." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2016. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=369.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A dissertação traz uma visão do desenvolvimento da região colombiana da Altillanura com base em argumentos teóricos e dados empíricos, a partir da análise das ações do Estado nacional de Colômbia, relacionadas às politicas de regularização dos direitos privados de propriedade da terra e com a provisão de infraestrutura física de transporte à região, objetivando crescimento do produto e do nível de emprego. Porem, a partir dos conceitos neoinstitucionalistas se defende a hipótese de que a história dos mecanismos de aquisição de direitos econômicos e legais de propriedade das terras têm importância crucial já que determinam a estrutura fundiária e o tamanho de propriedade padrão, aspectos que, por sua vez, impactam as taxas de crescimento de longo prazo, ceteris paribus outros fatores como a infraestrutura A pesquisa examina as relações entre direitos de propriedade da terra DPT, a estrutura fundiária e o desenvolvimento regional no senso de crescimento sustentado na Altillanura. A dissertação está estruturada em quatro capítulos: o primeiro é dedicado à revisão teórica da economia institucional em relação ao desenvolvimento; o segundo caracteriza a Altillanura em termos geográficos, demográficos, sociais, econômicos e ambientais com o fim de que o leitor possa conhecer o seu caráter periférico e a sua condição de fronteira agrícola; o terceiro descreve a dependência da trajetória da instituição do DPT na Colômbia; isto é, mostra a história dos mecanismos de alocação DPT que, de algum modo, operam com inercia. E dita inercia faz com que o sistema sociopolítico colombiano reproduza distribuições desiguais dos DPT, uma das causas cumulativas da desigualdade fundiária na Altillanura. Mostra ainda a legislação vigente sobre as terras devolutas colombianas, que em sua maioria são a origem das terras na Altillanura e, seguidamente, descrevem uma serie de casos nos quais tal legislação foi violada, pela existência de diferenças entre os aspectos de jure e de facto na instituição do DPT. Finalmente, avalia e confirma a distribuição desigual e o padrão latifundista da Altillanura, com dados empíricos. Baseado no cenário assim prospectado, esforço dedutivo sugere que a região terá menores taxas de crescimento no longo prazo, abaixo do seu potencial de desenvolvimento, tendo em conta a teoria econômica neoinstitucional e os casos de estudo citados.
La disertación trae una visión de desarrollo regional de la Altillanura basada en argumentos teóricos y datos empíricos, a partir del análisis de las acciones del Estado nacional de Colombia, en relación con las políticas de regularización de derechos privados de propiedad de la tierra; y con provisión la infraestructura física de transporte de la región, buscando crecimiento del PIB y de los niveles de empleo. Sin embargo, a partir de los conceptos neo-institucionalistas se defiende la hipótesis de que la historia de los mecanismos de adquisición de los derechos económicos y legales de propiedad de la tierra son de vital importancia ya que determinan la estructura agraria y el tamaño estándar de propiedad, aspectos que a su vez impacto las tasas de crecimiento a largo plazo, ceteris paribus, otros factores tales como la infraestructura. Por lo tanto, el estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la relación entre los derechos de propiedad de la tierra a DPT, la estructura agricola, y el desarrollo regional en sentido de crecimiento sostenido en la Altillanura. Desarrollaronse cuatro capítulos: el primero, dedicado a la revisión teórica de la economía institucional en relación con el desarrollo; un segundo en el que se caracteriza la Altillanura en términos geográficos, demográficos, sociales, económicos y ambientales con el fin de que el lector pueda conocer su carácter periférico y su condición de frontera agrícola; y un capitulo tercero describe la dependencia de la trayectoria de la institución DPT en Colombia, es decir, la historia de los mecanismos de asignación de DPT de alguna manera tienen inercia y, por tanto, del sistema sociopolítico de Colombia de las distribuciones desiguales de DPT en parte s causa Altillanura que tienen una desigualdad de la tierra y el tamaño estándar de gran tamaño. En el capítulo IV se expone la legislación vigente sobre las tierras baldias de Colombia, que en su mayoría son el origen de la tierra en Altillanura y, a continuación se describe una serie de casos en que se violó dicha legislación, la existencia de diferencias entre las características de jure y de facto en la institución de DPT. Por último se evalua y confirma, con datos empíricos, la distribución desigual y el patrón de grande propiedad en la Altillanura por lo cual se hace un juicio deductivo que indicaría que la región tendrá menores tasas de crecimiento en el largo plazo que lo haría en su potencial, explicado por la teoría económica neoinstitucional y los casos de estudio citados.

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Franco, Vásquez Liliana Yaned. "Tres ensayos sobre las desigualdades regionales en Colombia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/383047.

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Esta tesis consta de tres capítulos independientes conectados temáticamente. El primer capítulo analiza el problema de la convergencia en Colombia, en el período 1975-2005. Para ello se propone la estimación de una ecuación de convergencia con efectos fijos individuales, se calculan los estados estacionarios de equilibrio de cada departamento atendiendo al valor de estos efectos fijos |individuales y se definen clubes de convergencia atendiendo a la similitud de los respectivos estados estacionarios. En el capítulo dos se indaga sobre los determinantes del crecimiento de la productividad factorial industrial en los departamentos de Colombia. Descomponemos el cambio en la productividad en el cambio en la eficiencia, el cambio técnico, y los efectos de escala. En el tercer capítulo, se estima la eficiencia técnica de los principales sectores industriales, a través de un modelo de frontera estocástica, y considerando la influencia de la dependencia espacial en dicha estimación. Los resultados de esta tesis sugieren que en Colombia se ha presentado un proceso de polarización en la producción, ya que las disparidades económicas entre los departamentos se están incrementando en los últimos años.
The thesis consists of three independent chapters thematically connected. Chapter one analyzes the problem of the departmental convergence in Colombia between the periods of 1975-2005. For that is proposed the estimation of convergence equation with individual effect fixed, calculating stationary state from equilibrium to each department to pay attention to valor of this individual effect fixed and to define convergence clubs to pay attention the similarity of each stationary state. Chapter 2 investigates the determinants of factor productivity growth of industry in the departments of Colombia. Here we decompose productivity change into efficiency change, technical change, and scale effects. Chapter 3 considers the technical efficiency of the main industrial sectors, through a stochastic frontier model, and considering the influence of the spatial dependence on the estimate. The results of the thesis suggests that in Colombia there has been a polarization process in production, as economic disparities between departments are increasing in recent years.

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Otero, Jesús Gilberto. "Coffee, the money market, the real exchange rate, and economic fluctuations in Colombia." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59428/.

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This thesis analyses the effects of coffee booms on the money market, the real exchange rate, and the business cycle in Colombia. Chapter 2 presents an overview of the coffee sector in the country, including a brief description of its macroeconomic role, and unique institutional structure. Chapter 3 investigates, from a simulation perspective, two empirical difficulties that arise in econometric modelling when using quarterly data, as is done in chapters 4 and 5. The first practical concern is whether to conduct the econometric analysis on data that have been subjected to seasonal adjustment or in terms of unadjusted data. The simulation results provide a justification for using seasonally unadjusted data, as the use of filters reduces the power of the Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron cointegration tests. The second difficulty concerns an empirical regularity encountered when analysing the Colombian quarterly series of money supply and GDP, both of which exhibit a structural break (or change) in the seasonal pattern. We find that these structural breaks bias both unit root and seasonal root tests, so that new critical values must be tabulated allowing for a change in either the level and/or the seasonal pattern of the underlying series. Chapter 4 examines the monetary consequences of coffee booms. The theoretical work on this subject shows that under a regime of fixed exchange rates, export booms affect both the demand and the supply for money. Within this theoretical framework, we assess whether the coffee booms of the second half of the seventies and mid eighties led to excess money supply in Colombia. We find a direct association between coffee export booms and excess money supply, implying that external disturbances jeopardise the ability of the economic authorities to carry out successful monetary policy. Chapter 5 uses the Johansen procedure to estimate a real exchange rate determination model for Colombia. We find one cointegrating vector, which can be thought of as a long-run real exchange rate equation. The deviations of the real exchange rate from its long-run equilibrium relationship, after correcting for the short-run dynamics, are interpreted as a measure of real exchange rate misalignment. The simulation performance of the model, during the period of estimation and three years into the future, is particularly good, with the simulated real exchange rate reproducing the general long-run behaviour of the actual series. Chapter 6 develops an intertemporal disequilibrium model in order to analyse the effects of temporary, anticipated, and permanent coffee price shocks on a small open economy under Keynesian unemployment. Our results indicate that a coffee price boom (whether temporary, anticipated or permanent) increases nontradable output in the short and long run (a similar result is obtained when we discuss other disequilibrium regimes). The basic model is then extended by including a government sector that administers a coffee price stabilisation fund, and by allowing capital market imperfections. Our results indicate that when the government is able to borrow on more favourable terms in international capital markets than households, the stabilisation fund neutralises part of the short-term effect of a temporary coffee price boom. On the other hand, when the government and the private sector borrow on the same terms, the stabilisation fund turns out to be redundant.

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39

Garcia-Vargas, Sonia Juliana. "The cost of the Colombian peace an economic approach of a peace agreement with the FARC /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/4010.

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40

Petrini, Benjamin. "The political economy of conflict and DDR in Meta, Colombia, and the employment life cycle of ex-combatants." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2018. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/30264/.

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The research explores the transition from war to peace in the Colombian region of Meta, through the parallel analysis of the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) process, and of the individual combatants' path from recruitment to reintegration. The overall research goal is to account for the multifaceted nature of DDR within the transition from war to peace and to untangle DDR implications both in the short term for the life of excombatants and in the long term with regard to the implications for state formation and peacebuilding processes. The thesis is the product of complementing research components with intertwined levels of analysis. Conceptually, the research proposes a critical read of the DDR role in war to peace transition contexts. It advances an alternative understanding of war to peace transition and of DDR based on political economy factors to explain the complexity of war mobilization and demobilization. Secondly, through a case study, the research analyses the contemporary DDR processes in Meta in the 2000s, which include the collective demobilization of the paramilitary federation of the AUC and the individual DDR program that targeted the left-wing rebel groups of the FARC and of the ELN. The DDR analysis is complemented by an in-depth historical political economy analysis of the conflict in Meta, which traces the conflict factors that explain the rise of conflictive dynamics and ensuing formation of non-state armed groups in this region. Last, an empirical analysis addresses the relationship between employment and conflict through the analysis of life cycles of ex-combatants. The research approaches individuals' decisions to mobilize for war and demobilize from war, within a framework of employmentseeking behaviour. It posits that the search for employment and livelihoods needs are a crucial driver for joining a non-state armed group and that employment is a key feature of a reintegration path.

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Franz, Tobias. "From industrial capital to modern 'urban miracle'? : the political economy of governance, growth and development in Medellín, Colombia." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2017. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/24946/.

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42

Noejovich, Chernoff Héctor Omar. "Desigualdad y desarrollo en América Latina: 1960-2010. Argentina-Chile-Colombia-Perú." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114881.

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This paper aims to set a comparative point of view for the development process within four countries. In this case development is understood in a wide sense far from a merely growth and per capita income
En este artículo se intenta establecer un enfoque comparativo al proceso de desarrollo de cuatro países de la región, entendiendo el concepto de desarrollo con un significado más amplio que el de crecimiento e ingreso per cápita.

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43

Borges, Fábio. "Amazônia e economia da droga : conflitos colombianos e interesses brasileiros (1985-2005) /." São Paulo : [s.n], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98116.

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Orientador: Enrique Amayo Zevallos
Banca: Pietro de Jesús Lora Alarcón
Banca: Héctor Saint-Pierre
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas".
Resumo: O propósito dessa pesquisa é estabelecer uma análise de conjunto sobre Amazônia, drogas, conflitos colombianos e os interesses brasileiros, com especial atenção para a participação dos EUA na região. Primeiramente analisaremos as dimensões internacionais dos conflitos colombianos na região amazônica e como o Brasil vem tratando o tema da Segurança na Amazônia. Posteriormente, estudaremos as relações entre EUA e Colômbia observando a eficiência do atual modelo de combate ao tráfico de cocaína. Em seguida, aprofundaremos o entendimento dos conflitos colombianos. Por fim abordaremos os interesses brasileiros no combate ao tráfico de cocaína e na valorização da Amazônia, observando suas possibilidades e limitações. A hipótese é que a influência dos EUA dificulta a cooperação e a eficiência no combate ao tráfico e que esse modelo de repressão à produção serve como pretexto para os EUA expandirem sua presença na Amazônia, facilitando a defesa de seus interesses nessa região estratégica. Apontamos que o entendimento desse cenário complexo ajudará o Brasil a definir sua política de Segurança para a Amazônia.
Abstract:The purpose of this study is to establish a conjunct analysis of the Amazon region, drugs, conflicts in Colombia and the Brazilian interests, with emphasis on the USA involvement in this region. First, we will analyze the international dimensions of the Colombian conflicts and how Brazil has been dealing with Security in the Amazon region. Next, we will provide a thorough analysis on the Colombian conflicts. Finally, we will broach the Brazilian interests on cocaine traffic combat and Amazon region appreciation, considering its possibilities and limitations. The hypothesis is that the USA's influence makes difficult the cooperation and the efficiency in the fight against traffic and that this model of repression to production serves as pretext for the USA to expand their presence in the Amazon region, facilitating the defense of their interests in this strategic region. We conclude that the understanding of this complex scenario will help Brazil to define its Security policies for the Amazon region.
Mestre

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44

Coles, Ashley Rae. "Inclusion of Resident Knowledge in Development and Hazard Management." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297065.

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Despite recent trends toward more participatory processes within development and hazard management, technical expertise remains privileged compared to other forms of knowledge. This dissertation explores the epistemological and material consequences of an urban renovation and landslide management project that has excluded residents from participation in planning and execution. The municipal government of Manizales, Colombia intends to resettle thousands of impoverished families from the landslide-prone hillsides of the city into subsidized apartments. While commendable for an enormous investment in the safety of residents, the focus on physical vulnerability will likely enhance socio-economic dimensions of vulnerability and leave many residents in more difficult living conditions, even to the point of settlement on other slopes. The municipal government relies on rational ordering to develop economic and land use policies associated with the renovation project, but simplification leaves important components of livelihood strategies and well-being illegible. As a result, the efforts will likely exacerbate both socioeconomic and physical vulnerability of an already marginalized population. As residents negotiate for greater influence over the process and outcomes, they must challenge the hegemonic epistemological structures or work within them. This dissertation discusses some of the strategies used by residents and the challenges they face, as well as the implications of this work for other topics dominated by technical expertise. Understanding why people live in hazardous areas in the first place is critical for developing a more complex and more effective urban hazard management strategy, which should include consideration of livelihoods, social interactions, and non-technical knowledge.

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Griffiths, Thomas Frederick William. "Ethnoeconomics and native Amazonian livelihood : culture and economy among the Nipode-Uitoto of the Middle Caqueta Basin in Colombia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264879.

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46

Borges, Fábio [UNESP]. "Amazônia e economia da droga: conflitos colombianos e interesses brasileiros (1985-2005)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98116.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:38:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 borges_f_me_mar.pdf: 1007863 bytes, checksum: 18f750a50d16a0078ca44c1faef3e95e (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O propósito dessa pesquisa é estabelecer uma análise de conjunto sobre Amazônia, drogas, conflitos colombianos e os interesses brasileiros, com especial atenção para a participação dos EUA na região. Primeiramente analisaremos as dimensões internacionais dos conflitos colombianos na região amazônica e como o Brasil vem tratando o tema da Segurança na Amazônia. Posteriormente, estudaremos as relações entre EUA e Colômbia observando a eficiência do atual modelo de combate ao tráfico de cocaína. Em seguida, aprofundaremos o entendimento dos conflitos colombianos. Por fim abordaremos os interesses brasileiros no combate ao tráfico de cocaína e na valorização da Amazônia, observando suas possibilidades e limitações. A hipótese é que a influência dos EUA dificulta a cooperação e a eficiência no combate ao tráfico e que esse modelo de repressão à produção serve como pretexto para os EUA expandirem sua presença na Amazônia, facilitando a defesa de seus interesses nessa região estratégica. Apontamos que o entendimento desse cenário complexo ajudará o Brasil a definir sua política de Segurança para a Amazônia.
The purpose of this study is to establish a conjunct analysis of the Amazon region, drugs, conflicts in Colombia and the Brazilian interests, with emphasis on the USA involvement in this region. First, we will analyze the international dimensions of the Colombian conflicts and how Brazil has been dealing with Security in the Amazon region. Next, we will provide a thorough analysis on the Colombian conflicts. Finally, we will broach the Brazilian interests on cocaine traffic combat and Amazon region appreciation, considering its possibilities and limitations. The hypothesis is that the USA's influence makes difficult the cooperation and the efficiency in the fight against traffic and that this model of repression to production serves as pretext for the USA to expand their presence in the Amazon region, facilitating the defense of their interests in this strategic region. We conclude that the understanding of this complex scenario will help Brazil to define its Security policies for the Amazon region.

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Pålsson, Emil. "Colombia’s Socio-Economic Stratification System : An urbanisation policy that causes intergroup conflict?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-91278.

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Rapid urbanisation is a global phenomenon on the rise. If managed poorly by the cities affected, it may lead to, e.g. segregation, air pollution and civil unrest. In order to avoid these problems and to achieve Sustainable Development Goals, 10, reduce inequality within and among countries and 11, make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, urbanisation policies must be functional, robust and socially sustainable so that the organic growth or poorly executed policies does not lead to problems like segregation, tensions between the inhabitants and civil unrest. This study takes a closer look at a one mega city’s attempt to cope with their rapid urbanisation, the Socio-Economic Stratification (SES) system of Bogotá, Colombia to see if it is a sustainable and efficient urbanisation policy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in two areas of Bogotá where neighbourhoods are characterised by a significant difference in SES levels. Social Identity Theory and the Social Identity Model of System Attitudes were adopted to analyse the results, focusing on the formation of group identities in the neighbourhoods, intergroup conflictual behaviour, relationships and contact to see whether there exist peaceful coexistence or intergroup conflictual behaviours between the members of the SES systems different levels. The study shows a passively supported but not actively endorsed system, a tendency to place strong classification and stigmas on individuals based on their SES level, the lack of relationships and contact between neighbourhoods, and social identities with intergroup conflictual behaviour in three out of four areas investigated. A less conflictual behaviour is found in individuals that have lived in other SES levels or has had much contact with people from there. The results suggest that urbanisation policies, not only in Bogotá but worldwide, should be implemented where inhabitants are encouraged to interact and diminish segregation. As the segregation stemming from the SES system is causing tensions between the members of the different SES levels and may lead to civil unrest. This study contributes to the deficit in empirical data that exists on the SES system and will work to spark a debate on its implications and highlight people’s experiences from it. The results will also work as material for future research on the SES system and other urbanisation policies worldwide.

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Guecha, Lopez Carlos Alfonso. "La modification du contrat administratif en droit colombien." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020037/document.

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Bien que la modification du contrat administratif soit par principe libre, elle ne peut s’exercer que dans le cadre de certaines limites. En France, les règles de publicité et mise en concurrence imposent des conditions de fond, de forme et de procédure qui déterminent la légalité de l’instrument modificatif. L’interdiction d’un objet nouveau, les restrictions au bouleversement de l’économie du contrat, la fixation des seuils par le juge, etc. révèlent un contrôle rigoureux des modifications. En Colombie, par contre, il semble que la liberté des parties est beaucoup plus étendue. Un seuil général de cinquante pour cent du montant initial, la possibilité des parties de bouleverser l’économie du contrat et même la modification fondamentale de l’objet, font partie d’un système juridique qui tend à supprimer toutes les restrictions à la volonté des parties à l’égard de la modification. S’il est même de l’essence du contrat administratif d’admettre des modifications aux conditions fixées initialement, un sujet d’une grande importance sera celui de la nature de la modification en droit colombien pour dévoiler tous les défis de sa mise en oeuvre
Although the modification of the public contract is in principle free, it can only take place under certain limitations. In France, the rules of advertising and competition impose substantive conditions of form and procedure to determine the legality of the modifying instrument. The prohibition of agreeing to a new object, restrictions on altering the economic balance, setting financial thresholds, etc., reveal a rigorous control for any modifications. In Colombia, however, it appears that the freedom of the parties is much broader. A general threshold of fifty percent of the initial price, the possibility of altering the economics of the contract and even the fundamental modification of the object, are part of a legal system that tends to abolish all restrictions to the will of the parties regarding modification. Although it is of the essence of contract modifications to disclose the conditions initially established, a major theme is that of the nature of the change in Colombian law to reveal all the challenges of its implementation

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Maher, David John. "Civil war and uncivil development: neo-Liberalism, globalisation and political violence in Colombia." Thesis, University of Kent, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594275.

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Romero, Baquero Carmen Astrid. "El Tipo de Cambio en Colombia 1932-1974." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4069.

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Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar el comportamiento del tipo de cambio en Colombia durante el período 1932-1974. Para ello, se reconstruyeron los tipos de cambio múltiples para cada una de las partidas de la balanza de pagos de Colombia. Luego, se construyó el tipo de cambio promedio ponderado para todos los ingresos y pagos y para la balanza en conjunto. Con esta serie se construyó el tipo de cambio real y se adaptó un modelo de estimación del tipo de cambio real y se encontró que el tipo de cambio real sobrevaluado afecto el proceso industrializador.
Finalmente, se efectuó una aplicación para el caso colombiano de la estimación del efecto transmisión de los cambios del tipo de cambio sobre los precios de algunos productos importables y otros exportables. Allí se encontró que existió una importante transmisión del tipo de cambio sobre los precios de materias primas y bienes de capital durante los años del estudio.
This Thesis has the proposed of knowing the behaviour of Colombian exchange rate during 1932-1974. In the first section this work to make the multiple exchanges rates. After that, this work to make a real exchange rate and the equilibrium real exchange rate. The real exchange rate has misalignments of her equilibrium.
In the second part, these dissertations to make the pass thought effect of the exchange rate for the 11 products to Colombian buy in the international trade and the pass thought of the exchange rate in the coffee economy. The pass thought is important in two cases.
In Conclusion, the exchange rate does not have goods effects in the real Colombian economy during 1932-1974.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Colombian economy'

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