Journal articles: 'Colombia'

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Chaskel, Roberto, James M. Shultz, Silvia L. Gaviria, Eliana Taborda, Roland Vanegas, Natalia Muñoz García, Luis Jorge Hernández Flórez, and Zelde Espinel. "Mental health law in Colombia." BJPsych. International 12, no. 4 (November 2015): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000000659.

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Mental health law in Colombia has evolved over the past 50 years, in concert with worldwide recognition and prioritisation of mental healthcare. Laws and policies have become increasingly sophisticated to accommodate the ongoing transformations throughout Colombia's healthcare system and improvements in mental health screening, treatment and supportive care. Mental health law and policy development have been informed by epidemiological data on patterns of mental disorders in Colombia. Colombia is distinguished by the fact that its mental health laws and policies have been formulated during a 60-year period of continuous armed conflict. The mental health of Colombian citizens has been affected by population-wide exposure to violence and, accordingly, the mental health laws that have been enacted reflect this feature of the Colombian experience.

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Urueña, René. "Prosecutorial Politics: The ICC's Influence in Colombian Peace Processes, 2003–2017." American Journal of International Law 111, no. 1 (January 2017): 104–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2016.3.

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In August 2016, in Havana, Cuba, the Colombian Government signed a peace agreement with theFuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo, FARC-EP, after four years of negotiations. The agreement provided a window of hope that Colombia's fifty-year armed struggle, the longest-running conflict in Latin America, would finally come to a close. One actor in these negotiations, whose considerable influence has been underappreciated, is the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Colombia has been under preliminary examination by the OTP since 2004. In addition to discharging its investigatory function, the ICC prosecutor has actively influenced the negotiation of two peace processes: first, the 2005 peace process with the paramilitaries; and more recently, the tumultuous negotiations with the FARC. This Comment explores the specific pathways of the OTP's influence in the Colombian peace process, and the broader lessons this episode holds for the ICC's work and for the continuing negotiations in Colombia.

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Esquirol, Jorge L. "Negotiating Colombia's Peace Process: Disagreements of International Law." Leiden Journal of International Law 13, no. 3 (September 2000): 495–569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500000352.

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The “internationalization” of the guerrilla war in Colombia signals a different course for resolving the 40-year-old conflict. Upon close scrutiny, it may actually prolong the war. This is the case since both groups, Colombian publicists and US policy-makers, who stand in the position of stewards to an international approach, oppose substantial political negotiation. The bulk of this Article examines the positions of international law taken by Colombian publicists. The author focuses on two issues which have been the subject of much recent debate. The first is the status of Colombia's guerrilla forces. The second issue concerns the rules of conduct of non-international war. The last portion of this Article examines the meaning of US-led internationalization of the Colombian conflict. Colombia is the last site of major civil strife in our hemisphere.President Bill Clinton, 28 October 1998.Colombia's people […] should know that we understand the many dimensions and long-term nature of the problems they face, and that we will do all we can to help them.Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, 10 August 1999.

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Bustamante Zuleta, Valeria Alejandra, and Hermes Jackson Martinez Navas. "Evaluación del índice económico de Colombia para el período 2020 a 2022 con redes neuronales artificiales." ECONÓMICAS CUC 42, no. 1 (October 3, 2020): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/econcuc.42.1.2021.econ.2.

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This article analyze some of the important macroeconomic indicators in Colombia,such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the Representative Market Rate (TRM), the Oil Price (BRENT and WIT) and COLCAP. The objective is to study Colombia's economic.The analysis were obtained with artificial neural networks on Colombian indicators data for the period 2001 to 2018 of the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) and Bloomberg. Concluding, for Colombia, the last two cases are highly favorable for the economy, because they will generate a greater influx of dollars, allowing positive effects on the domestic product and the consumer price index.

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Friedman, Max Paul. "Specter of a Nazi Threat: United States-Colombian Relations, 1939-1945." Americas 56, no. 4 (April 2000): 563–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500029849.

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On 11 September 1941, U..S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt took to the airwaves to warn his country that “Hitler's advance guards” were readying “footholds, bridgeheads in the New World, to be used as soon as he has gained control of the oceans.” The most recent sign that the Nazis were coming, the president told his rapt national audience, was the discovery of “secret airlanding fields in Colombia, within easy range of the Panama Canal.”In Bogotá, the response was pandemonium. U.S. ambassador Spruille Braden, astonished that “the President has gone out on a limb with this statement,” sent his staff scrambling across German-owned farms and rice fields to try to produce evidence for the assertion ex post facto. Colombian President Eduardo Santos scoffed at Roosevelt's claim, telling Braden, “in the final analysis all of Colombia is a great potential airport.” A resentful Colombian Senate voted unanimously that no such airfields existed (that Colombia had fulfilled its responsibility to defend against the Axis menace). In Washington, Secretary of State Cordell Hull was forced to call in Colombia's Ambassador Gabriel Turbay to express “the very deep regret of the President, of myself and of our Government” for the “unintentional reference.”

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Johnson, Kirk A. "Convergence of crises in Colombia: The intersection of refugee crisis, illegal armed groups and policy missteps." Global Policy 15, S3 (June 2024): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13341.

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AbstractThe multiple crises of Colombian‐Venezuelan borderland geopolitics, which include a rise in Venezuelan refugees entering Colombia, mounting armed conflict from illegal armed groups throughout Colombia and the mixed efficacy of policy responses by the government, are converging to drive an evolution in Colombia's security concerns. This convergence of crises rivals the security conditions of the early 2000's. As before, the government faces prolific armed conflict, loss of legitimacy over sovereign territory to a host of illegal armed groups, unchecked coca cultivation‐trafficking and illicit economies, and an overwhelming loss of confidence in the central government's abilities to govern and counter these threats. This paper argues that the cumulative effect of the nascent convergence of crises is the subsequent rise of mounting Colombian insecurity and threats to stability that now permeates throughout the country – spanning and linking rural, urban and borderland areas in unprecedented ways while driving Venezuelan xenophobia and social unrest.

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Arguello, Edilberto Vergara. "Impresiones y retos para la construcción de paz desde el Comité de Integración del Macizo Colombiano (cima): fragmento de entrevista con César William Díaz Morales, líder social del proceso campesino caucano." REVISTA CONTROVERSIA, no. 210 (June 1, 2018): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54118/controver.vi210.1118.

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El siguiente fragmento hace parte de la entrevista con un líder social campesino del departamento del Cauca, y pretende exponer algunas reflexiones frente al Acuerdos de Paz, firmado entre el Estado Colombiano y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia FARC-EP. Se abordan temas sobre Derechos Humanos, retos y propuestas sobre construcción de paz desde la organización campesina, Comité de Integración del Macizo Colombiano CIMA, en el departamento del Cauca, Colombia, entre otros. Perceptions and Challenges for Peace-building from the Perspective of the Integration Committee of the Colombian Massif (CIMA). Fragment of an Interview with a Social Leader of the Peasant Movement in Cauca (Colombia) Abstract: The following fragment of an interview with a peasant social leader from the department of Cauca aims to present reflections on the process of implementation of the Peace Agreements signed between the Colombian State and the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia FARC-EP (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia). Human Rights, challenges and proposals on peacebuilding are addressed from the perspective of the peasant organization Comité de Integración del Macizo Colombiano CIMA (Integration Committee of the Colombian Massif) in the department of Cauca, Colombia. Keywords: Peace Agreements, Humans Rights, peacebuilding, peasants.

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PINZON, JAIME, LIGIA BENAVIDES, and ALEXANDER SABOGAL. "New records of araneid spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) in the Colombian Amazon Region." Zootaxa 2626, no. 1 (September 27, 2010): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2626.1.2.

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We have revised all the specimens of Araneidae from the Colombian Amazon Region in the Arachnological Collection of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia (ICN), in addition to the specimens collected between 2000 and 2004 by the authors in the lower Caquetá and Apaporis rivers (Amazonas and Vaupés, Colombia). A total of 77 new records for Araneidae in the Colombian Amazon are reported; 26 of these species are new records for the country and the region in addition to 15 more species known for Colombia but newly recorded in the region, the distribution of the remaining 36 species is expanded within the region. The genera Encyosaccus Simon 1865 (E. sexmaculatus Simon 1895), Hingstepeira Levi 1995 (H. folisecens Hingston 1932) and Micrepeira Schenkel 1953 (M. fowleri Levi 1995 and M. tubulofasciens Hingston 1932) are recorded for the first time in Colombia. From this revision, it is evident the great amount of new information available in museum collections. Due to the strategic geographic position of Colombia, species inventories in different localities of the Colombian Amazon Region are important to fill distributional gaps of many species in South America. This work contributes to the knowledge of geographic distribution patterns of orb-weaving species in Colombia and in the entire Amazon Region.

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Hussein, Abdihakim, and Emily Nye. "Beyond the narrative: Colombia and the Venezuelan migrants." Global Policy 15, S3 (June 2024): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13351.

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AbstractForced migration is an increasingly common feature in international relations, and the mass migration of Venezuelans to Colombia provides an opportunity to analyze how strategic narratives can support a welcoming migration and integration policy. Because Colombia is a country with no history of immigration and no established anti‐immigrant group, its experience provides unique insight into the impact and limitations of positive migration narratives. While Colombia's migration policy and humanitarian narrative have garnered praise internationally, this praise has not been matched by a sense of urgency for action, attention, or funding. Domestically, the policy response to mass Venezuelan migration has met international standards. Moreover, the country has experienced relatively little unrest compared to other host countries in Latin America. There is, however, ample evidence that Colombian perceptions of increased Venezuelan migration are negative and that tension and scapegoating are on the rise. Given these contradictions, this article reviews and discusses how and why Colombia's positive, humanitarian narratives have succeeded, as well as these narratives' limitations and need for adjustments. Together, these insights can help other host nations craft more effective and truthful migration strategic narratives.

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Burbano-Fernandez, Marlon Felipe, Luz-Marina Ardila, Jhoana Katheryne Sandoval-Serna, Hector Alejandro Sanchez, and Jorge Arbey Tobar-Dejesús. "Exploring tourism trends: a comparative analysis between global trends and higher education programs in Colombia." F1000Research 13 (February 19, 2024): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143674.1.

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Background Following the signing of the “Final Agreement for the Termination of the Conflict” in Colombia, an unprecedented boost for tourism is observed, promoting rural development and environmental protection. In the academic realm, Colombian universities offer tourism training programs to develop professionals with skills in management, sustainability, and technology. Methods Information is gathered from the Scopus database on tourism trends and from the National Information System for Higher Education (SNIES) on academic programs in tourism in Colombia until 2022. Geographical maps are employed to visualize the global scope of publications in Scopus and the locations of programs in Colombia. Text mining is used on Scopus abstracts and profiles of Colombian programs, generating word density graphs, frequency tables, and word clustering graphs. Results 707 articles from Scopus originating from 86 countries are selected, and 46 profiles of Colombian universities with tourism programs in 19 regions are compiled. Maps and tables demonstrate the geographical location of article density globally and of universities in Colombia. Word clouds, frequency tables, and dendrograms are generated using the abstracts and profiles. Conclusions Text mining analysis reveals similarities and differences between research and education in tourism in Colombia. There is convergence in management and development, reflecting aligned interests in both datasets. Words like ethics and sustainability indicate a shared commitment to a responsible perspective in the sector. Scopus emphasizes research, while Colombian universities prioritize practical training, especially in tourism management. This difference raises questions about the impact on graduates’ preparedness and their contribution to tourism development in Colombia. The geographical location of programs in Colombia shows a clear connection between academia and the tourism sector, facilitating synergies and continuous improvements.

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Torres, Luis Eduardo, Carlos Enrique Ruiz, Bob Hamlin, and Andres Velez-Calle. "Perceived managerial and leadership effectiveness in Colombia." European Journal of Training and Development 39, no. 3 (April 7, 2015): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-08-2014-0062.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study was to identify what Colombians perceive as effective and least effective/ineffective managerial behavior. Design/methodology/approach – This study was conducted following a qualitative methodology based on the philosophical assumptions of pragmatism and the “pragmatic approach” (Morgan, 2007). The critical incident technique was used to generate data from a purposive sample of 27 managers and non-managerial employees located in Medellin and Bogota, Colombia. Findings – The results of this study suggest that effective managers in Colombia are those who are supportive, caring, considerate, participative, understanding, communicative and flexible, and are also good problem solvers. Research limitations/implications – This study focused on the perceptions of Colombian managers and non-managerial employees only. Therefore, the description of effective and least effective/ineffective managers in Colombia could be highly value-laden from the national cultural perspective. Hence, it is recommended that further research should be carried out to explore the perceptions of international managers who have frequently interacted or worked with Colombian managers. Originality/value – The results of this study have practical implications for Colombian managers and international managers who manage the Colombian workforce. For Colombian managers, this study provides insight into what is considered effective or least effective/ineffective managerial and leadership behavior. The findings provide useful information on foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) that have operations in Colombia. MNCs can use the results of this study to create effective management development models for their expatriates in Colombia.

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Newmark, Ralph Z. "An Archive of Colombian Aural History: Cancionero Noble de Colombia (Noble Songbook of Colombia)." Journal of Iberian and Latin American Research 7, no. 2 (December 2001): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13260219.2001.10430040.

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Comoglio, Lorenzo, and Ronald Brechlin. "An updated checklist of the wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) of Colombia." ZooKeys 1178 (September 7, 2023): 191–264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1178.72084.

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In recent years, the study of wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) has increased exponentially due to the intense sampling effort and the use of molecular evidence for species delimitation, which led to the description of numerous new taxa especially from the Neotropic. Given these rapid advances, the checklist of the Colombian Saturniidae needs to be updated to cover the taxonomy, distribution, and diversity of these moths in the country. After an extensive review of literature, data repositories, and collections, an updated and comprehensive list of Saturniidae from Colombia is presented, including their occurrence status in each Colombian department. The checklist includes 7 subfamilies, 55 genera, and 790 taxa (766 in species rank) of Saturniidae in Colombia. Current distribution data show that the genus Winbrechlinia, the subgenus Darylesia, 379 species, and 18 subspecies are endemic to Colombia. Moreover, a dichotomic key to the Colombian subfamilies is provided. A few taxonomic changes are proposed based on a thorough taxonomic revision of the Colombian taxa. This revision also addresses the issue of outdated species names reported in the first checklist of Colombian Saturniidae (Amarillo-Suárez 2000) and excludes old records of taxa that are considered dubious for Colombia based on new evidence. By presenting an updated list of Colombian species, including the newly described taxa, this study aims at eliminating confusion stemming from outdated names and provides a useful resource for researching and conservating Saturniidae in Colombia. We wish to offer a common reference for future studies on the biodiversity and biogeography of moths in the Neotropical realm.

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Sánchez, Germán, Jorge Enrique Sáenz Castro, and Luz Aydée Higuera Cárdenas. "External Sector and Growth in Colombia, 1986-2016." Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/ries.6221.

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This article estimates income and price elasticities in foreign trade and their practical applicationin Thirlwall's multilateral economic growth model for six of Colombia's main trading partners from 1986 to 2016. By using error correction models, we provide elasticity estimates. The results show that Colombia has a long-term income elasticity of exports that is higher than that of imports, as well as the price elasticity of imports and exports. We conclude that the best policy to promote Colombia's economic growth is to boost exports, as the exchange rate does not offer a strong influence and the benefits of the external sector depend on the trading partner, at least with the studied countries. The empirical estimation of Thirlwall's Multilateral Law shows that balance-of-payments constraints depend on the growth rate of exports and determine the growth rate of the Colombian economy.

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Torres-Martínez, María M., Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves, Elkin A. Noguera-Urbano, Javier E. Colmenares-Pinzón, Fernando C. Passos, and Javier García. "On the distribution of the Brazilian porcupine Coendou prehensilis (Erethizontidae) in Colombia." Mammalia 83, no. 3 (May 27, 2019): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2018-0043.

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AbstractThe Brazilian porcupineCoendou prehensilisis distributed from northwestern South America to northeastern Paraguay and northwestern Argentina. In Colombia, it is present mainly in the Caribbean, the eastern Llanos and the Andean regions, which correspond to six of the biogeographical provinces of the country. Its presence in the Colombian Amazon region has been suggested based on records from neighboring countries such as Ecuador, Venezuela and Brazil. However, no voucher specimens or additional evidence that corroborates the presence of the species in that region of Colombia is known. Based on the review of specimens deposited in Colombian collections, analyses of photographic records, and the literature, the presence of the species in the Colombian Amazon is confirmed, and its distribution in the country updated. Overall, we found 36 records ofC. prehensilisin Colombia, of which seven correspond to the Colombian Amazon (four photographic records and three specimens). A genetic analysis based on cytochrome-b suggests that this species is genetically uniform throughout its distributional range. These new records makeC. prehensilisthe most widespread species of the genus among natural regions and biogeographic provinces of Colombia. Other species are restricted to one or two provinces.

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Bonilla-Tinoco, Laura Juliana, Melissa Aguirre-Lemus, and Julián Alfredo Fernández-Niño. "Venezuelan migrant population in Colombia: health indicators in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals." F1000Research 9 (July 7, 2020): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24997.1.

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Background: The number of Venezuelan migrants in Colombia has dramatically increased over the past years, which poses great challenges to the Colombian health system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare some health indicators related to the Sustainable Development Goals between the Venezuelan migrant population and the Colombian population. Methods: A longitudinal, descriptive analysis of the maternal mortality ratio; the neonatal, infant and under-five mortality; the proportionate mortality due to undernourishment; and the rates of alleged sexual felony, intimate partner violence and domestic violence in the Venezuelan migrant population in Colombia and in the Colombian population in the 2015-2019 period was conducted. Maternal and child health and undernourishment indicators were estimated for the 2015-18 period, while the gender-based violence indicators were obtained only for 2018-19, since those were the years with information available for each of these indicators. Data was extracted from official sources, such as the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE), National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences (INMLCF) and Migración Colombia. The categorical and numerical variables were described through percentages and rates, respectively. Results: Venezuelan migrants in Colombia had higher rates of maternal, neonatal, infant and under-five mortality, as well as proportionate mortality due to undernourishment, than the Colombian population throughout the study years, although the difference between them decreased at the end of the period. As for the gender-based violence indicators, the Colombian population showed higher rates than the Venezuelan migrants, and both Colombian and Venezuelan female victims showed higher rates in these violence indicators than their male counterparts of the same nationality. Conclusions: Some apparent inequalities still persist despite the efforts of the Colombian government to attend to the health needs of the Venezuelan migrant population. Colombia must keep and strengthen migratory inclusion in its public policies to impact on migrants’ health.

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Herazo Rivera, José David, Sonia Jerez Rodríguez, and Danilza Lorduy Arellano. "Opportunity and incentive for becoming bilingual in Colombia: Implications for Programa Nacional de Bilingüismo." Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura 17, no. 2 (September 11, 2012): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.ikala.11093.

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The Programa Nacional de Bilingüismo (PNB) seeks to promote English proficiency in Colombian society in order to position Colombia within world communication processes, a global economy, and an increasingly multicultural world. Using documentary and statistical data within a case study approach, we characterize the PNB as a case of acquisition planning and argue that some of the social conditions that bolster bilingualism are not sufficiently developed in the Colombian context. Specifically, we maintain that the number of jobs requiring bilingual workers in Colombia's labor market and the patterns of international mobility of Colombians provide little opportunity and incentive for developing bilingualism to the extent envisioned by the PNB.

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OBANDO, RANULFO GONZÁLEZ, NANCY CARREJO GIRONZA, JEFERSON PANCHE, and ALFONSO NERI GARCÍA ALDRETE. "An appraisal of the genus Ptiloneura Enderlein (Insecta: Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Ptiloneuridae), new species from Colombia and Peru, and a key to the males." Zootaxa 4801, no. 3 (June 19, 2020): 401–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4801.3.1.

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We describe and illustrate 15 species of Ptiloneura, from Colombia and Peru. The number of species of Ptiloneura is raised to 34, of which 28 (82.3%) are Colombian. One species is from Brazil, four species are from Peru, one is from Nicaragua and two species are from Venezuela. Two species are shared between Colombia and Peru, one species is shared between Colombia and Venezuela, and 25 species are endemic to Colombia. An identification key to the males and a phylogenetic analysis of Ptiloneura are included.

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Clavijo-Bustos, Julián, Johann Stephens Cárdenas-Bautista, Darío Antonio Murillo Barahona, Jhon Tailor Rengifo-Mosquera, and Leyser Rengifo Murillo. "New records of the genus Anaides Westwood, 1842 (Coleoptera, Hybosoridae, Anaidinae) from the Chocó Biogeographic Region of Colombia." Check List 20, no. 3 (May 13, 2024): 614–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/20.3.614.

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During a recent expedition in the moist lowland Chocó forests from Colombia, three species of Anaides Westwood, 1842 were collected. These specimens represent important extensions to their distribution and are notable records for the Chocó Biogeographic Region of Colombia, and for the country itself. Anaides fossulatus Westwood, 1842 is recorded for the first time in the Colombian Chocó region, Anaides planus Ocampo, 2006 is confirmed for Colombia, and the distribution of Anaides longeciliatus Balthasar, 1938 is extended to Colombia.

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Poveda, G., and K. Pineda. "Reassessment of Colombia's tropical glaciers retreat rates: are they bound to disappear during the 2010–2020 decade?" Advances in Geosciences 22 (December 14, 2009): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-22-107-2009.

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Abstract. Clear-cut evidences of global environmental change in Colombia are discussed for diverse hydro-climatic records, and illustrated herein for increasing minimum temperature and decreasing annual maximum river flows records. As a consequence, eight tropical glaciers disappeared from the Colombian Andes during the 20th century, and the remaining six have experienced alarming retreat rates during the last decade. Here we report an updated estimation of retreat rates in the six remaining glacierized mountain ranges of Colombia for the period 1987–2007, using Landsat TM and TM+ imagery. Analyses are performed using detailed pre-processing, processing and post-processing satellite imagery techniques. Alarming retreat rates are confirmed in the studied glaciers, with an overall area shrinkage from 60 km2 in 2002, to 55.4 km2 in 2003, to less than 45 km2 in 2007. Assuming such linear loss rate (~3 km2 per year), for the near and medium term, the total collapse of the Colombian glaciers can be foreseen by 2022, but diverse physical mechanisms discussed herein would exacerbate the shrinkage processes, thus prompting us to forecast a much earlier deadline by the late 2010–2020 decade, long before the 100 years foreseen by the 2007 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. This forecast demands detailed monitoring studies of mass and energy balances. Our updated estimations of Colombia's glacier retreat rates posse serious challenges for highly valuable ecosystem services, including water supply of several large cities and hundreds of rural settlements along the Colombian Andes, but also for cheap and renewable hydropower generation which provides 80% of Colombia's demand. Also, the identified changes threaten the survivability of unique and fragile ecosystems like paramos and cloud forests, in turn contributing to exacerbate social unrest and ongoing environmental problems in the tropical Andes which have been identified as the most critical hotspot for biodiversity on Earth. Colombia requires support from the global adaptation fund to develop research, and to design policies, strategies and tools to cope with these urgent social and environmental threats.

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Yoss, Will, and Benjamin L. Reust. "Climate change and security narratives in Colombia." Global Policy 15, S3 (June 2024): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13332.

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AbstractIn September of 2022, Gustavo Petro presented an alternative vision of the future of Colombia from that which Colombian administrations have pursued for the past two decades. In his speech to the United Nations, Petro called for an end to the irrational war on drugs and described the drug epidemic as a symptom of significant societal failures. Petro directed his criticism at Plan Colombia, a counternarcotics security strategy, speaking directly about vital elements such as the aerial eradication program. Although Plan Colombia has ended, the United States continues to provide significant financial support to the Colombian government to fund its counter narcotics mission. Is Petro serious about ending the counternarcotics mission in Colombia? Given the political climate, should the United States change its policy approach in Colombia? This article argues that despite an increased use of narratives about climate change and a declining relevance of security narratives, US funding for security has remained constant. Our findings suggest that the United States uses aid as a hard power tool to ensure that certain strategic interests are met irrespective of the political climate.

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Orellana, Samanta, and Jennifer C. Girón Duque. "State of knowledge of the Anthribidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) in Colombia with a key to genera." Biota Colombiana 25 (January 30, 2024): e1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.21068/2539200x.1149.

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Anthribidae is a small family of beetles known as fungus weevils, for which the state of knowledge for Colombian species has never been synthesized. Anthribids are scarce in Colombian biological collections and are usually only identified at the family level. We updated the list of species of fungus weevils recorded from Colombia. There are 37 species of anthribids recorded for the country, placed into 14 genera, 10 tribes, and 2 subfamilies. Three additional genera have been observed in the country based on records from the online platform iNaturalist. Verification of these records and species-level identifications require the revision of national biological collections. We discuss the biodiversity of Colombian fungus weevils compared to neighboring countries and provide a key to identify the genera present in Colombia. The species Domoptolis championi Jordan, 1906 is recorded for Colombia for the first time.

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Szlachetko, Dariusz L., Przemysław Baranow, and Joanna Mytnik-Ejsmont. "The genus Triphora (Triphoreae, Orchidaceae) in Colombia." Biodiversity Research and Conservation 34, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/biorc-2014-0006.

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Abstract In Colombia, four species of Triphora (Orchidaceae) are recognized. Two species (Triphora galeanoi and T. vichadaensis) are newly described. As circumscribed here, the two new species occur exclusively in Colombia apart from T. foldatsii, being known from Colombia and Venezuela, and T. gentianoides, ranging from the USA (Florida) in the north to Colombia in the south. For the species treated, a taxonomic description, synonymy and information about distribution are provided. Additionally,for the two new species, illustrations of flower parts are provided. A key for the determination of the Colombian species of Triphora is included.

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Mejía-Fontecha, Ingrith Yuliany, Daniela Velásquez-Guarín, Karol Dangeli Pérez Tapie, Paula Andrea Ossa-Lopez, Fredy Arvey Rivera-Páez, and Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves. "First record of the Northern Ecuadorian Shrew, Cryptotis niausa Moreno Cárdenas & Albuja, 2014 (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae), in Colombia." Check List 17, no. 5 (September 27, 2021): 1345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/17.5.1345.

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In Colombia, seven species of small-eared shrews of the genus Cryptotis Pomel, 1848 have been reported, and five of them endemic to the country. Here, we present the first confirmed record from Colombia of Cryptotis niausa Moreno Cárdenas & Albuja, 2014, a species that was previously known from only nine localities in Ecuador. The Colombian record comes from the Departamento de Nariño, in extreme southwestern Colombia, and it is supported by morphology and cytochrome-b gene evidence. This record increases to eight the number of species of Cryptotis from Colombia.

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Shifter, Michael. "The United States and Colombia: Partners in Ambiguity." Current History 99, no. 634 (February 1, 2000): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2000.99.634.51.

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The Clinton administration and Congress will likely reach an agreement to increase aid to Colombia. Yet whether the agreement reflects a serious commitment with a clear strategic purpose to support Colombia and the Colombian government—or whether it merely seeks to satisfy the myriad domestic political interests and agendas involved in United States policy toward Colombia—is a critical question. It is a question, however, that can probably not abide much ambiguity.

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Fatalski, Marcin. "Plan Colombia: Towards New US State Building Policy." Politeja 19, no. 6(81) (February 24, 2023): 305–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.19.2022.81.15.

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The article discusses the evolution of US policy toward the Colombian crisis. The policy and Plan Colombia are studied in the context of US nation building and state building policy. The article shows whether Plan Colombia referred to previous experiences of US nation or state building policy and how that policy evolved. The case study of Colombia allows for a general reflection on the evolution of US policy after the Cold War.

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Merin, Jennifer. "Colombia: The Manizales International Theatre Festival." Canadian Theatre Review 42 (March 1985): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.42.013.

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Manizales is a charming small city, situated high in the Colombian Andes. It is a university town, but is usually overshadowed as a cultural centre by the larger Colombian cities of Bogota, Cali and Medallin. Nevertheless, last September, the Sixth International Theatre Festival of Manizales dominated Colombian cultural news to make this city the cultural focal point of Colombia, if not of all Latin America.

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Valbuena Leguízamo, José Alfonso. "Propuesta universitaria: “5E la U verde del posconflicto”." Revista Derecho Verde 2 (January 1, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33133/rdv-2-2020-192.

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This text is the product of some reflections that have occurred during the execution of the research project historical analysis of agrarian law in Colombia, in articulation with the Colombian reality of recent years, determined, among other facts, by the peace process followed with the FARC guerrillas. This article involves the commitment that a higher education institution, such as the Fundación Universitaria Agraria de Colombia, could assume in the Colombian post-conflict scenario.

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Rodríguez, Juanita. "Picturing the Peasant in Orlando Fals Borda’s Work 1950s-1970s." Master, Vol. 5, no. 2 (2020): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m9.060.art.

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Orlando Fals Borda, a renowned Colombian sociologist, who worked for both the academia and the government from the 1950s to 90s, wrote two works on Colombian peasantry and its relation with big landowners that were published with a selection of photographs of peasants, landowners, and grassroots movements. These works and their images have had an impact on the construction of peasant- and landowner visual icons in recent Colombian history, as they have been used in books, primers, and exhibitions since their creation, and they had a crucial influence on the visual propaganda of the Agrarian Reform project in Colombia. As a result of Fals’s fieldwork, there are two photograph collections kept at two institutions in Colombia that have organized and catalogued the images: The Central Bank in Montería and the National University in Bogotá. These institutions are prime creators of the visual memory of rural Colombia and I analyze Fals’s fieldwork as part of a jigsaw puzzle in which peasants, landowners, and intellectuals, like Fals, both consumed and created visual icons of land, rurality, and peasantry in Colombia’s recent history. Keywords: Agrarian Reform, Colombia, landowners, Orlando Fals Borda, peasants, photography.

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Meza-Joya, Fabio Leonardo, and Eliana Ramos-Pallares. "New records, range extensions and updated distribution of two gymnophthalmid lizards from the Caribbean Region, Colombia." Check List 11, no. 5 (September 11, 2015): 1735. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.5.1735.

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In Colombia, detailed knowledge of the geographic distribution of gymnophthalmid lizards is scarce. This paper presents the first confirmed records of Leposoma rugiceps and provides additional records of Gymnophthalmus speciosus from Department of La Guajira, in the Colombian Caribbean Region. These records extend the geographical distribution of both species and support their wide distribution in the lowlands of north of Colombia. Furthermore, we provide an updated distribution map with known occurrences of these species in Colombia.

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Montenegro, Juan Camilo Caguazango. "Illicit crops and glyphosate: A potential risk to the Euglossini Community and biodiversity in Tumaco - Choco biogeographic ecoregion." Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 7, no. 2 (May 2, 2024): e69354. http://dx.doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv7n2-053.

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In Tumaco (Nariño-Colombia), the increase in coca cultivation and proposals like the national government (period 2018-2022) to fumigate with glyphosate for its eradication pose a risk to the euglossine bees. The limited information available on this tribe in Nariño presents an opportunity to document and protect them. The Euglossini community was identified and characterized in Maragricola-Tumaco, southwestern Colombia, within the province of Chocó biogeographic. Insect capture was conducted using bottle traps and attractants. Thirty euglossine males from three genera were recorded, with Euglossa hansoni, Exaerete frontalis, and Eulaema meriana representing the orchid bee community in this zone. Considering the importance of bees in ecosystem maintenance and the potential threat they face in the Colombian Pacific region, this report serves as a starting point for monitoring their populations. Government decisions regarding the management and eradication of illicit crops must also prioritize the protection of biodiversity within Colombia's territory.

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Steele, Abbey, and Livia I. Schubiger. "Democracy and civil war: The case of Colombia." Conflict Management and Peace Science 35, no. 6 (August 6, 2018): 587–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894218787780.

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We argue that scholarship on the Colombian civil war can fertilize the research program on political violence and democracy in two ways. First, the Colombian case demonstrates that the scholarly research agenda on electoral violence should expand to incorporate a broader focus on democratic institutions. In the context of an ongoing civil war, democratic reforms in Colombia had a substantial impact on the dynamics of wartime violence. Second, the Colombian case showcases an overlooked danger of decentralization that, if implemented under the wrong conditions, can facilitate the capture of democratic institutions by political and criminal armed groups. These insights have important implications for the study of wartime democratic governance and state-building relevant both for the peace process between the Colombian government and the FARC, and for cases beyond Colombia.

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Ramírez Gröbli, María del Pilar. "The Inga indigenous people of Colombia as "the guardians of the land." Inga community and Communities’ leader Hernando Chindoy Chindoy." Alternautas 10, no. 1 (July 28, 2023): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/an.v10i1.1405.

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The leader of the Inga community shares some of the ideas behind the construction of an indigenous university in the Putumayo region of the Colombian Amazon. He also presents the book "Una Nueva Universidad Indígena en la Selva en Colombia" (A New Indigenous University in the Rainforest in Colombia).

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MONCADA, Ligia I., Carlos A. ALVAREZ, Carlos CASTELLANOS, Elvia CACERES, Santiago NICHOLLS, and Augusto CORREDOR. "Lagochilascaris minor IN A PATIENT FROM THE COLOMBIAN AMAZON: A CASE REPORT." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 40, no. 6 (November 1998): 387–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651998000600009.

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A chronic infection (10 years) by Lagochilascaris minor is described in a woman from the amazon region of Colombia. This is the third case of infection by this parasite that has been described so far in Colombia, and only the first one in a person coming from the Colombian Amazon region.

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RAMOS-PASTRANA, YARDANY, and JOSÉ ALBERTINO RAFAEL. "Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of two new species." Zootaxa 4985, no. 1 (June 11, 2021): 37–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.1.2.

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Tomosvaryella Aczél, 1939 has a cosmopolitan distribution and is a genus well studied in general in the Neotropical Region. However, in Colombia only three species were recorded. Two new species of Tomosvaryella are described from protected areas and from conflict territories of limited access in Colombia, namely: Tomosvaryella macarenensis sp. nov. (type-locality: Serrania Macarena, Meta) and T. martae sp. nov. (type-locality: San Vicente del Caguan, Caquetá). The female of T. tuberculata Hardy, 1948 is described. Tomosvaryella similis (Hough, 1899) is new to South America (Colombia) and T. galapagensis (Curran, 1934), T. lynchi (Shannon, 1927), T. mexicanensis Ale-Rocha & Rafael, 1995, T. similis, T. tuberculata and T. venezuelana Ale-Rocha, 1993 are reported for the first time in Colombia. Illustrations and a dichotomic key to Colombian species of Tomosvaryella are presented. Furthermore, the diagnosis of all species recorded in Colombia are amended. The Tomosvaryella fauna is increased from three to 11 species in Colombia.

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McKellips, Andrew I. G. "NATO and the institutional reform of the Colombian armed forces." Global Policy 15, S3 (June 2024): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13339.

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AbstractWhile the 2016 Peace Accords with FARC do not contain a Chapter dedicated to the reform of the Armed Forces or to the methods for securing peace by the State, the False Positives scandal and the broader consequences of the armed conflict have driven the Truth Commission to consider the role of the Armed Forces in the conflict and to recommend institutional reforms. Throughout the peacebuilding phase, the Colombian Armed Forces have been slowly reforming their institution and have made progress on a number of the focus areas identified by the Truth Commission. The epitome of this progress is Colombia's ongoing participation in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Building Integrity (BI) Program, which has been the anchor point in the development and growth of the NATO‐Colombia relationship and partnership since 2013. This article looks at the ongoing reforms and suggests that there is an opportunity for Colombia to leverage its established, mature relationship with NATO and the BI Program, to accomplish the desired reforms in the Armed Forces. This strategy allows the government of Colombia to co‐opt existing efforts for his own domestic agenda without alienating or discounting the progress that the Armed Forces have already made on their own.

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GARCÍA L., KIMBERLY P., FRANCISCOE DE L. NASCIMENTO, and NEIS JOSÉ MARTÍNEZ HERNANDEZ. "A new species, new distribution records, and taxonomic notes in Lamiinae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Colombia." Zootaxa 4559, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4559.2.9.

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Psapharochrus auratus sp. nov., from Colombia, is described and illustrated. A new combination, Psapharochrus penrosei (Thomson, 1864) is proposed. The geographical distribution of seven species of Lamiinae is expanded to include them in the Colombian fauna, and eight new department records from Colombia are reported. Moreover, taxonomic notes in Lamiinae are provided.

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Celis, Carlos Uribe. "La “República de Colombia” del Libertador Simón Bolívar." Análisis, no. 83 (December 1, 2013): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.15332/s0120-8454.2013.0083.05.

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<p>Este ensayo traza el recorrido histórico de la “República de Colombia” como la visualizó, la programó y le dio vida el Libertador Simón Bolívar. La “República de Colombia” de Bolívar era la unión de lo que después constituyeron tres repúblicas distintas, hoy conocidas como Venezuela. Colombia y Ecuador. Bolívar aprovecha parcialmente una idea original de Miranda (la “Colombeia” del sueño continental del Precursor), y este ensayo ilustra la configuración del proyecto bolivariano, desde sus comienzos ajenos hasta la disolución del mismo, lo que prácticamente coincide con la muerte del Libertador. La historia de “Colombia” se ubica aquí en el contexto de la lucha bolivariana por la Independencia del norte y centro de Suramérica.</p>

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Erçakıca, Mustafa. "La Havana-Bogota Peace Agreement and the Transitional Justice in Colombia." Comparative Cultural Studies - European and Latin American Perspectives 7, no. 14 (March 15, 2022): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ccselap-13469.

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In this article armed conflict in Colombia and the post-agreement period, which is still very recent, are evaluated. The armed conflict between the armed forces of the State and the FARC-EP has terminated in Colombia by making The La Havana-Bogota Peace Agreement. By the virtue of this agreement, the post-agreement period in Colombia is started. With this agreement, some other various steps have been taken to increase the political participation of the Colombian people and the democratization in Colombia. The Integrated System, containing the Commission for the Clarification of Truth, Coexistence and Non-Repetition, the Unit for the Search of Missing People Due to and in the Context of the Armed Conflict and the Special Jurisdiction for Peace, was established. Colombia is a current issue for international community in the context of transitional justice period.

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Marin-Vasquez, Anatoly, Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves, Pilar Rivas-Pava, and Hugo Mantilla-Meluk. "New records of the Western Rounded Ear Bat, Lophostoma occidentalis (Davis & Carter, 1978) (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), from Colombia." Check List 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.1.1513.

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We report new records of the western rounded ear bat Lophostoma occidentalis for the Colombian territory, represented by ten specimens collected on the western portion of the country, in the departments of Cauca, Chocó, and Valle del Cauca, all in the Colombian Pacific Region. The new records of L. occidentalis represent a substantial geographic and ecological extension in the known distribution of this species and corroborate its occurrence in Colombia. In addition, we discuss on the morphological variation of representatives of large Lophostoma species in Colombia.

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MURILLO-A., JOSÉ, and LUZ A. TRIANA-MORENO. "Novelties in Austroblechnum (Blechnaceae) from Colombia." Phytotaxa 572, no. 3 (November 15, 2022): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.5.

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Austroblechnum bullatum, a new species from Colombia, is described and illustrated. This fern is characterized by having pendulous laminae, rachis abundantly covered with hairs up to 2.5 mm long, and pinnae bullate on both surfaces. In addition, the distribution range is extended for A. aequatoriense, a species previously known from northern Ecuador, and now also recorded for Colombia. Lastly, an identification key for the nine Colombian species of Austroblechnum is presented.

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Freeman, Will. "Colombia Tries a Transformative Left Turn." Current History 122, no. 841 (February 1, 2023): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2023.122.841.69.

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In 2022, Colombia elected its first leftist president in decades, Gustavo Petro. For decades, Colombian politics had been characterized by strong center-right parties, the hard-right populism of ex-president Álvaro Uribe, and regional family dynasties. Under Petro’s predecessor, however, each of these structures weakened and Colombia entered an accelerated period of change. Petro won on the promise of shepherding Colombia through a dual transition: from endemic violence to “total peace,” and from reliance on fossil fuels to green development. But even with a pro-government majority in Congress, mounting debt and inflation constrained his ability to deliver.

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Ruiz-García, Manuel, Jessica Yanina Arias Vásquez, Héctor Restrepo, Carlos Herney Cáceres-Martínez, and Joseph Mark Shostell. "The genetic structure of the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus; Ursidae, Carnivora) in Colombia by means of mitochondrial and microsatellite markers." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 4 (August 25, 2020): 1072–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa082.

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Abstract The spectacled bear (Ursidae: Tremarctos ornatus) is an emblematic umbrella species and one of the top carnivores in the Andean mountains. It is also listed as vulnerable by IUCN and as endangered by CITES. We analyzed the genetic structure of this species in nine geographical regions representing the three Andean Cordilleras in Colombia. We sequenced six mitochondrial genes in 115 spectacled bears; a subset of these specimens (n = 61) were genotyped at seven nuclear microsatellites. We addressed three objectives: 1) determine the genetic diversity and historical demographic changes of the spectacled bear in Colombia; 2) determine phylogeographic patterns of genetic divergence among spectacled bear populations in Colombia; and 3) estimate the levels of gene flow among different regions of Colombia. Our analyses show evidence of high mitochondrial genetic diversity in spectacled bears, both in Colombia as well as in each of the nine regions, most particularly Norte de Santander, Nariño, and Antioquia-Córdoba. In addition, we detected population expansion in Colombia that occurred around 24,000 years ago, followed by a population decrease during the last 7,000 years, and a sudden expansion in the last 300 years. Phylogenetic analyses showed few well-supported clades, with some haplotypes detected in all the departments and Colombian Andean Cordilleras, and other haplotypes restricted to certain geographical areas (Antioquia, Norte de Santander, Cundinamarca, and Nariño). We detected significant genetic heterogeneity among some departments and among the three Colombian Andean Cordilleras for both mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Nevertheless, the moderate levels of gene flow estimated from FST statistics suggest that geographical barriers have not been definitive obstacles to the dispersion of the spectacled bear throughout Colombia. Despite these gene flow estimates, significant spatial autocorrelation was detected for spectacled bear in Colombia, where two kinds of spatial patterns were discovered: genetic patches of 144 km of diameter, and isolation by distance among bears separated from 578 to 800 km. The two most northern spectacled bear populations of Colombia (Norte de Santander and Antioquia) also were the two most differentiated. Their distinctiveness may qualify them as distinct Management Units (MUs) in the context of conservation policies for the spectacled bear in Colombia.

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Meza-Joya, Fabio Leonardo. "First record of Ninia atrata (Hallowell, 1845) (Squamata: Colubridae) from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, northern Colombia." Check List 11, no. 2 (February 18, 2015): 1584. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.2.1584.

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The current work provides the first confirmed record of Ninia atrata in the northern foothills of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, La Guajira department, Colombia. This record extends the Colombian known species’ distribution ca. 320 km NW from the northernmost record and represents the first observation of the species in the Caribbean Region of Colombia.

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Fuentés, Juan Manuel. "First record of Parvalona parva (Daday, 1905) (Crustacea: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Colombia." Check List 11, no. 4 (July 14, 2015): 1691. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.4.1691.

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The cladoceran Parvalona parva (Daday, 1905) (Anomopoda: Chydoridae) was found associated with the aquatic macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms in Ciénaga de Chilloa-Magdalena Department, Colombia. It represents the first record of this species in Colombia and this species’ range is extended to northern South America. A brief descriptions of this taxon based on Colombian material is given.

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SHARKEY, MICHAEL J., and ROSA A. BRICEÑO G. "Review of Sesioctonus Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae) from Colombia with descriptions of five new species." Zootaxa 1002, no. 1 (June 1, 2005): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1002.1.3.

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As part of an extensive survey of Colombian arthropods, the species of Sesioctonus from Colombia are reviewed. Nine new Colombian species records for Sesioctonus are reported, including five new species that are described here. The species identified are Sesioctonus diazi Briceño, S. galeos Briceño, S. theskelos Briceño, S. grandis Briceño, S. boliviensis Briceño, Sesioctonus longinoi n.sp., Sesioctonus philipi n.sp., Sesioctonus torresi n.sp., Sesioctonus stephaniai n.sp., and Sesioctonus susanai n.sp. Including the species reported here, eleven species of Sesioctonus are recorded from Colombia. A revised key to all known species of Sesioctonus is presented.

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Girón López, María Stella. "Publicaciones seriadas sobre la literatura colombiana Poligramas: revista de la Escuela de Estudios Literarios y Maestría en Literatura Colombiana y Latinoamericana. Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Humanidades, 1-20, 1978-2003." Estudios de Literatura Colombiana, no. 15 (August 23, 2013): 207–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.elc.16448.

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Resumen: La sección "Publicaciones seriadas sobre la literatura colombiana" presenta análisis de artículos de crítica de la literatura colombiana que aparecen en revistas académicas. En este número se analiza la revista Poligramas de la Universidad del Valle (Cali, Colombia). Descriptores: Literatura colombiana; Estudios críticos; Poligramas. Abstract: The section "Publicaciones seriadas sobre la literatura colombiana" offers bibliographic notes and short reviews of critical editions and critical studies about Colombian literature. This issue presents an analysis of the journal Poligramas from the Universidad del Valle (Cali, Colombia). Key words: Colombian literature; Critical studies; Poligramas.

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Trujillo, Heiber Andres, and Carlos José Caetano Bacha. "Agricultural Research in Colombia: Counterpoint with the Brazilian System." Research on World Agricultural Economy 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v4i2.848.

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This paper analyzes the evolution and structure of Colombia's agricultural research network, paying special attention to the role of government expenditures in modeling this system. The authors also compare the Colombian agricultural network with the path followed by the Brazilian agricultural sector, which has been considered a pattern in South America. For this purpose, a bibliographic review and historical and institutional data are presented. Although agricultural research in Colombia began in the early 20th century, it has evolved more recently with the creation of different public and private institutions linked to the National Science and Technology System. However, agriculture and its research sector have faced major challenges related to government endowments that are needed to fund infrastructure and demand for researchers, as well as lower competitiveness compared to their Brazilian counterparts determined by social profit.

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Borg, John-Joseph, Yolanda Elias Gramajo, Andrea Laslop, Robin Thorpe, and Jian Wang. "3rd Colombian educational workshop on regulatory assessment of biosimilars 2019 – Report." Generics and Biosimilars Initiative Journal 9, no. 3 (September 15, 2020): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5639/gabij.2020.0903.022.

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Introduction: Biosimilars have the potential to improve access to medicines for many across the globe. However, work is required to ensure adequate regulation, pharmacovigilance and education about biosimilars. Colombia implemented biosimilars regulation in 2017 and a 3rd Colombian Educational Workshop was organized by GaBI and the Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia de Medicamentos y Alimentos (INVIMA) in 2019 to follow up on progress and provide a forum for further discussion. Methods: The 3rd Colombian Educational Workshop on Regulatory Assessment was held in Bogotá, Colombia on 30 April 2019. The format included expert speaker presentations, a panel discussion, Q&A sessions and case study workgroup discussions. Participants included regulators, clinicians, pharmacists, academics and healthcare professionals from Colombia who are involved in biological/ biosimilar medicines evaluation, and expert speakers from Canada, Europe and the US. Results: Presentations and topics of discussion included the current status of biosimilars regulation in Colombia, how to carry out a quality assessment of a biological/biosimilar, pharmacological and clinical studies, and extrapolation of indications. Conclusion: The meeting helped to clarify many regulatory concepts and concerns, and highlighted Colombia’s initial successes since the implementation of its regulatory guidelines. In addition, the meeting acted as a forum to exchange knowledge on best practice, and to discuss pharmacovigilance and the future plans for education regarding biosimilars in Colombia. Several key action points were concluded following the discussions.

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Ciesielski, Markus, and Ingrid Carolina Hormaza Jimenez. "Shifting perceptions or shifting attention? The local press, Venezuelan migration, and hostile perceptions in Colombia." Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico 30, no. 1 (March 18, 2024): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/esmp.91518.

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Social protests were crucial to the election of Colombia's progressive government in 2022. However, it's role in the violence against Venezuelan migrants that preceded it is still unclear. This paper examines racial bias in media responses to Venezuelan migrants during Colombia's 2019-2021 social protests. Theorists suggest that structural changes like migration can normalize hostility against vulnerable groups when specific conditions increase hostile perceptions. Colombia's press has not been scrutinized for misanthropic and hostile views, focusing on xenophobic urban riots that occurred alongside social protests in November 2019. We conducted a content analysis of Colombian newspapers, linking migration, violence, and protests, along with public migration data from Venezuela. Our findings reveal that social movements in Colombia intersect with contemporary Venezuelan migration, highlighting the ambivalence of social protests. While protests may have shifted attention away from racist attributions toward Venezuelan migrants, they do not signify a new perception of vulnerable populations.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Colombia'

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