Journal articles: 'Cologne water'

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Erdener, Ugur, and Bayazit Ilhan. "Cologne water-induced visual loss." Ophthalmic Epidemiology 4, no. 4 (January 1997): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09286589709059191.

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Weisgerber, G. "An Atlas of Roman Water Conduits to Cologne." Philosophy and History 22, no. 1 (1989): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philhist198922146.

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Kaur, Manpreet, D. S. Dahiya, Sonu Kumar, Prince ., and Gulshan Yadav. "Appraisal's genotypes on water absorption, transpiration loss at senescence stage and genetic correlation of Chrysanthemum morifolium." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 2, no. 02 (November 22, 2017): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2017.2.2.16.

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A field experiment entitled “Appraisal's genotypes on water absorption, transpiration loss at senescence stage and genetic correlation of Chrysanthemum morifolium” was conducted at experimental orchard, department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana) during the 2016-17 in winter season to identify the suitable variety for successful cultivation as well as vase life of Chrysanthemum flower. Fifteen Genotypes namely, Aparajita, Anastasia, Braca Splendid, Charlia, Celtic, Cologne, Fortune, HF-164, Paladov Sunny, Paiwer-W, Paladov Dark, Papaya, Tocovar- 6, Vanilla Sorbet and White Double were selected for the evaluation. The significant responses in water absorption, transpiration loss at senescence stage and flower vase life were observed in White Double, Cologne, Charlia and Celtic. The maximum water absorption and transpiration loss were recorded in genotype White Double (116.83g and 72.20 ml. respectively) whereas maximum fresh weight was recorded with the genotype Cologne (120.00 g) while genotype White Double had longest vase life (20.66 days). The maximum per cent of opened flowers were noticed in the genotype Charlia (92.45 %) while maximum unopened flowers were noticed in genotype Celtic (21.86%) and the significant genetic correlation between different parameters and vase life of flowers were noted during experimentation.

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Skimina, Conrad A. "Recycling Irrigation Runoff on Container Ornamentals." HortScience 21, no. 1 (February 1986): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.1.32.

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Abstract Public Law 84-660 was approved by the U.S. Congress in 1956 (1) and amended as Public Law 92-500 by the Congress in 1972 (2). These laws are the Water Pollution Control Acts that set the standards for clean water. These laws prescribe point-discharge requirements of the federal government, the states, and Regional Water Quality Control Boards to prevent pollution and to maintain the integrity of receiving waters. In addition the state of California has the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act (3).

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Cerini, Francesco, Giacomo Mattei, Luca Luiselli, and Leonardo Vignoli. "Do lizards (Podarcis siculus) react to whip snake (Hierophis viridiflavus) scents? A comparative test on odour stimuli recognition." Behaviour 157, no. 3-4 (March 20, 2020): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10003.

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Abstract We tested the ability in the ruin lizard (Podarcis siculus) to discriminate between odour of a predator (the whip snake Hierophis viridiflavus) and those from harmless sources. We analysed two lizard populations: one (PP) predated by snakes and another (PNP) where no snakes occur. We tested the rate of tongue flick directed to cotton-tips impregnated with odours, and the rate of tongue flick, the time spent in immobility, escaping and exploring the terrarium containing a diffuse odour. We used the smell of the snake as dangerous stimulus, water as blank control, and cologne as complex control. Both populations did not discriminate snake cue from complex odour in both the experiments. PP individuals were more active and prone to analysing and exploring the stimuli and the environment than PNP lizards. In PP, the higher interest towards cologne and snake scents could be triggered just by their complexity that requires more tongue flicks to be ‘analysed’, with no apparent adaptive anti-predatory value. Overall, we observed a total responsiveness and activity pattern higher in the PP respect to PNP.

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Zavarsky, Alex, and Lars Duester. "Anthropogenic influence on the Rhine water temperatures." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 10 (October 28, 2020): 5027–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5027-2020.

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Abstract. River temperature is an important parameter for water quality and an important variable for physical, chemical and biological processes. River water is also used by production facilities as cooling agent. We introduced a new way of calculating a catchment-wide air temperature using a time-lagged and weighed average. Regressing the new air temperature vs. river water temperature, the meteorological influence and the anthropogenic heat input could be studied separately. The new method was tested at four monitoring stations (Basel, Worms, Koblenz and Cologne) along the river Rhine and lowered the root mean square error of the regression from 2.37 ∘C (simple average) to 1.02 ∘C. The analysis also showed that the long-term trend (1979–2018) of river water temperature was, next to the increasing air temperature, mostly influenced by decreasing nuclear power production. Short-term changes in timescales < 5 years were connected with changes in industrial production. We found significant positive correlations for the relationship.

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Rehm, Imke-Sophie, John Friesen, Kevin Pouls, Christoph Busch, Hannes Taubenböck, and Peter F. Pelz. "A Method for Modeling Urban Water Infrastructures Combining Geo-Referenced Data." Water 13, no. 16 (August 22, 2021): 2299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162299.

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Water distribution networks are the backbone of any municipal water supply. Their task is to supply the population regardless of the respective demand. High resilience of these infrastructures is of great importance and has brought these infrastructures into the focus of science and politics. At the same time, the data collected is highly sensitive and often openly unavailable. Therefore, researchers have to rely on models that represent the topology of these infrastructures. In this work, a model is developed that allows the topology of an urban water infrastructure to be mapped using the example of Cologne, Germany by combining freely available data. On the one hand, spatial data on land use (local climate zones) are used to disaggregate the water demand within the city under consideration. On the other hand, the parallelism of water and urban transportation infrastructures is used to identify the topology of a network by applying optimization methods. These networks can be analyzed to identify vulnerable areas within urban structures.

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Netzel, Leon, Emily Drewing, Louis Netzel, and Martin Denecke. "Understanding Public Acceptance of a Multifunctional Water Plaza: A Case Study." Water 13, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040576.

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Climate change enhances pluvial flood risk in many cities all over the world, especially in densely populated urban areas with high impervious surfaces that need to adapt to heavy precipitation. For this purpose, multifunctional stormwater infrastructures such as water plazas appear promising as there is a high competition for open space in most urban areas. Yet, to date only very few water plazas have been realized with at least one implementation hampered by a lack of public acceptance. In this study, semi-structured interviews are used to investigate how plans to build a water plaza in the city of Cologne are perceived by local residents. Factors crucial to public acceptance are identified. Experience with flooding, knowledge of the planned construction and awareness of benefits turned out to be important for acceptance, whereas social and personal norms were less relevant. The identified factors led to finding recommendations to promote public acceptance of innovative climate adaptation measures like water plazas.

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Jux, Ulrich, Rainer M. Baginski, Hans-Günter Arnold, Martin Krönke, and Peter N. Seng. "Detection of pharmaceutical contaminations of river, pond, and tap water from Cologne (Germany) and surroundings." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 205, no. 5 (January 2002): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1438-4639-00166.

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Kemen, Juliane, Silvia Schäffer-Gemein, Johanna Grünewald, and Thomas Kistemann. "Heat Perception and Coping Strategies: A Structured Interview-Based Study of Elderly People in Cologne, Germany." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 7495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147495.

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The transdisciplinary project “Heat-Health Action Plan for Elderly People in Cologne” addresses the most heat-vulnerable risk group, people over 65 years of age. A quantitative study aimed to better understand heat perception and coping strategies of elderly people during heat waves to inform heat-health action plans. We conducted a representative quantitative survey via structured interviews with 258 randomly chosen people over 65 years old, living in their own homes in four areas of Cologne, Germany. These areas varied, both in terms of social status and heat strain. Data regarding demographics, health status, coping strategies, and heat perception were collected in personal interviews from August to October 2019. The majority of the participants perceived heat strain as moderate to very challenging. Women, people with a lower monthly income, and those with a lower health status found the heat more challenging. We found that participants adapted to heat with a number of body-related, home-protective, and activity-related coping strategies. The number of coping strategies was associated with perceived personal heat strain. There is a definite underuse of water-related heat adaption strategies among the elderly. This is of increasing relevance, as rising heat impact will lead to more heat-related geriatric morbidity. Our results are seminal to inform elderly-specific, socio-adapted local heat-health action plans.

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Grünthal, G., A. H. Thieken, J. Schwarz, K. S. Radtke, A. Smolka, and B. Merz. "Comparative Risk Assessments for the City of Cologne – Storms, Floods, Earthquakes." Natural Hazards 38, no. 1-2 (May 2006): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-8598-0.

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Demers, Francois X., Ronald L. Yates, and Henry M. Davis. "Determination of Cinnamyl Anthranilate in Perfume, Cologne, and Toilet Water by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 6 (November 1, 1987): 958–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.6.958.

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Abstract A liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection was developed for the determination of cinnamyl anthranilate in perfumes and other fragrance compositions. The method was evaluated by conducting recovery studies of 10 different commercial fragrance compositions to which cinnamyl anthranilate had been added at levels of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL. Recoveries ranged from 91 to 103% with a mean of 97% and a standard deviation of ±3.3%.

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Habegger, Jason, and William Cooper. "Lingually mediated discrimination of prey, but not plant chemicals, by the Central American anguid lizard, Mesaspis moreletii." Amphibia-Reptilia 22, no. 1 (2001): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853801300044480.

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AbstractThe ability of the anguid lizard Mesaspis moreletii to identify food using only chemical cues was tested experimentally by presenting a series of chemical stimuli to lizards on the cotton tips of wooden applicators. The lizards responded much more strongly to cricket surface chemicals than to surface chemicals from romaine lettuce, diluted cologne (pungency control), and deionized water (odorless control). In a second experiment, there were no significant differences among conditions in tongue-flicks, tongue-flick attack scores, or number of individuals that bit swabs bearing stimuli from banana, white grape, dandelion, or deionized water. The absence of differential responses was not due to habituation because individuals tested again with cricket stimuli immediately after experiment two all bit the swabs. In the laboratory the lizards readily consumed insects, but refused to eat plants selected for their palatability to herbivorous lizards. Our data suggest that M. moreletii is carnivorous.

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Greiving, Stefan, Florian Hurth, Andrea Hartz, Sascha Saad, and Mark Fleischhauer. "Developments and Drawbacks in Critical Infrastructure and Regional Planning: A Case Study on Region of Cologne, Germany." Journal of Extreme Events 03, no. 04 (December 2016): 1650014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345737616500147.

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Critical infrastructures (CIs) are of a dual character: they are a protection good that can be adversely affected by a threat, but at the same time, some infrastructure categories are dangerous in their own right. Because it integrates collaboration and decision-making on how space should be used, spatial planning is an important process in development of CI. Risk management utilizing spatial planning includes analysis and management tools that have a spatial and place-based context. In Germany, CI deserves protection as laid down in the Federal Regional Planning Act. This research paper starts from the hypothesis that regional planning is obligated to take the physical component of CI and its susceptibility against various threats into account. However, the administrative boundaries that define a region in this context is not the appropriate level of analysis for assessing the systemic criticality of CI which is up to territorial levels that consider an entire infrastructure network and to individual project approval procedures. The paper discusses the role of regional planning for the protection of CI by the example of the Region of Cologne, Germany. This research was collaborative in nature carried out between a scientific partner and the Region of Cologne that served as a so-called model region for “co-production of knowledge”. The role of science in this context is problematic because science cannot give a proof of normative aspects like the intended level of acceptable risk or the importance of the protection of CI. Science in this context is inconclusive. Thus, there was a need to involve all those experts of the regional administration that are legally responsible or involved in the assessment of risks and management of land. Throughout the project, this included representatives from the divisions of regional planning, natural protection, water management, immission control and crisis management. The entire team of researchers and practitioners came to an agreement on the various normative decisions, for example, concerning the research approach or the definition of susceptibility indicators. This collaborative approach, which is principally applicable in other regions in Germany as well, guarantees for applicability of planning decisions on the ground. Finally, using results from a GIS-based risk assessment demonstrated how regional spatial planning takes CI into account. The assessment results will be used by the administration of the Region of Cologne for the Environmental Report to be prepared for the new regional plan.

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Elazab, Hany A., Karim T. Ibrahim, S. A. Hassan, M. M. Hammam, M. A. Radwan, Tamer T. El-Idreesy, and M. A. Sadek. "REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE BY ABSORPTION OF WATER HYACINTH-DERIVED ACTIVATED CARBON EMBEDDED WITH NICKEL NANOPARTICLES." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 5 (October 30, 2021): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.5.16.

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Nanoparticles have proven their dominance in many fields of research in this era. Such dominance resulted from outstanding physical and chemical properties amongst other materials, led to a wide focus from different researchers in various fields to further investigate the role of nanoparticles in various applications from drug delivery systems in medicine to catalysis in chemistry. In this research, active carbon-based catalyst synthesis and characterization were investigated for different applications in catalysis as the catalyst was combined with nickel oxides to be used in dye removal of methylene blue (MB). Water hyacinth is a floating perennial aquatic plant native to tropical and sub-tropical South America. The water hyacinth is one of the fastest-growing plants; it reproduces by way of runners or stolon. Each one can produce thousands of seeds each year, which can survive for more than 28 years. It has been considered as a water purifier and a solution to green water issues. Water hyacinth is used in perfume and cologne products, as well as organic fertilizer. It also absorbs lead, mercury, and carcinogens when used for remediation purposes. As it has amazing biomass, it can be used to produce fuels. Activated carbon, also known as activated charcoal, is a carbonaceous, highly porous absorptive medium of a complex structure composed of carbon atoms. It is used in gas purification, gold purification, metal extraction, medicine, sewage treatment, air filters, in gas masks used to purify liquids in many applications, including drinking water and odor removal. This research aims to prepare active carbon derived from water hyacinth and embedded with nickel nanoparticles. The water hyacinth will be converted into active carbon and used as a support for nickel nanoparticles. A comparison between active carbon derived from water hyacinth and activated nickel nanoparticles will be conducted to test the rate of absorbance based on the effect of time, concentration, and kinetic energy.

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Sikora, Elzbieta, Miastkowska Małgorzata, Katarzyna Wolinska Kennard, and Elwira Lason. "Nanoemulsions as a Form of Perfumery Products." Cosmetics 5, no. 4 (October 30, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics5040063.

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Alcohol-based perfumes, e.g., eau de parfum, eau de toilette, eau de cologne or au fraiche, are the most common type of fragrance products available on the market. There are also alcohol-free fragrance products, mainly in the form of solid or oil perfume. From the consumers’ point of view, such perfumery products are of interest; therefore, looking for new solutions is still interesting. Nanoemulsions are liquid, kinetically stable colloidal dispersions, consisting of an aqueous phase, an oil phase and a surfactant, with or without a co-surfactant. They are transparent, not greasy, easy to spray and spread. Additionally, they show capacity to protect fragrances from oxidation. The development of a water-based perfumes in the form of stable nanoemulsions containing fragrance compositions (in the range of 5–15%), stabilized by nonionic surfactants, allows to create safe products for a wider group of consumers, including children, adolescents and people with sensitive skin. In this article, an application of nanoemulsions as a potential form of perfumery products were described.

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Ma, Xueping, Volker Ebbighausen, and R. Thomas Becker. "Desquamatia and related atrypid brachiopods from the Frasnian (Upper Devonian) of Bergisches Land, GermanyThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme The dynamic reef and shelly communities of the Paleozoic. This Special is in honour of our colleague and friend Paul Copper." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 45, no. 2 (February 2008): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e07-049.

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Tropical shallow-water deposits of the Refrath Formation (topmost Lower to lower part of Middle Frasnian) of the Bergisch Gladbach area (Rhenish Massif, Germany) yielded diverse, well-preserved shelly faunas. New collections show that there are in total over 30 brachiopod species, of which the Atrypida, Rhynchonellida, Spiriferida, and Athyridida orders are the most dominant groups. Serial transverse sections show that Pseudoatrypa schroeteri possesses small dental cavities, and their spiralia have a whorl number ranging from 12–13 in ca. 29–30 mm wide specimens to 15–16 in ca. 32–33 mm wide specimens. Desquamatia (Seratrypa) pectinata has slightly more numerous spiralial whorls, from 14–15 in ca. 27 mm wide specimens to 18 in ca. 35 mm wide specimens. A new species, Desquamatia (Seratrypa) refrathensis , is described based on material from the Refrath Formation in Refrath, near Köln (Cologne), east of the Rhine River, Germany. It includes finely ribbed, longer than wide, moderate- to large-sized shells of Desquamatia , which possess tiny dental cavities to nuclei and 20–21 spiralial whorls in ca. 30 mm wide and long specimens.

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Cooper, William, and Kelly Bradley. "Prey chemical discrimination by a diploglossine lizard, the giant Hispaniolan galliwasp (Celestus warreni)." Amphibia-Reptilia 30, no. 1 (2009): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853809787392694.

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AbstractPrey chemical discrimination, the ability to respond differentially to prey chemicals and control stimuli, enables many squamate reptiles to locate and identify prey using chemical cues sampled by tongue-flicking and analyzed by vomerolfaction. Among lizards this ability is limited to species that are active foragers having insectivorous/carnivorous diets and to omnivores and herbivores, even those derived from ancestral ambush foragers. We experimentally studied responses by hatchlings of giant Hispaniolan galliwasps, Celestus warreni, which appear to have a strict animal diet and are putatively active foragers, to prey chemicals and control substances. More individuals tongue-flicked in the cricket condition than the water condition. Response strength indicated by the tongue-flick attack score, a composite index of response strength based on number of tongue-flicks, biting (one lizard) and latency to bite, was greater in response to cricket stimuli than plant (lettuce) stimuli, cologne or distilled water. Thus, the galliwasps exhibited prey chemical discrimination. Celestus warreni, the first representative of Diploglossinae to be tested, exhibits chemosensory behavior similar to that of other anguids. Although no quantitative data on foraging mode are available, another diploglossine, Diploglossus vittatus, is an active forager. The limitation of prey chemical discrimination to active foragers among lizards with animal diets lend further support to the likelihood that C. warreni is an active forager. The galliwasps did not exhibit plant chemical discrimination.

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Roeb, Martin, Christian Sattler, Ruth Klüser, Nathalie Monnerie, Lamark de Oliveira, Athanasios G. Konstandopoulos, Christos Agrafiotis, et al. "Solar Hydrogen Production by a Two-Step Cycle Based on Mixed Iron Oxides." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 128, no. 2 (September 27, 2005): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2183804.

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A promising method for the conversion and storage of solar energy into hydrogen is the dissociation of water into oxygen and hydrogen, carried out via a two-step process using metal oxide redox systems such as mixed iron oxides, coated upon multi-channeled honeycomb ceramic supports capable of absorbing solar irradiation, in a configuration similar to that encountered in automobile exhaust catalytic converters. With this configuration, the whole process can be carried out in a single solar energy converter, the process temperature can be significantly lowered compared to other thermo-chemical cycles and the recombination of oxygen and hydrogen is prevented by fixing the oxygen in the metal oxide. For the realization of the integrated concept, research work proceeded in three parallel directions: synthesis of active redox systems, manufacture of ceramic honeycomb supports and manufacture, testing and optimization of operating conditions of a thermochemical solar receiver-reactor. The receiver-reactor has been developed and installed in the solar furnace in Cologne, Germany. It was proven that solar hydrogen production is feasible by this process demonstrating that multicycling of the process was possible in principle.

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Martinovic, Dinko, Slaven Lupi-Ferandin, Daria Tokic, Mislav Usljebrka, Andrija Rados, Ante Pojatina, Sanja Kadic, et al. "Objective Skin Quality Assessment after Reconstructive Procedures for Facial Skin Defects." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 15 (July 31, 2022): 4471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154471.

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Local random skin flaps and skin grafts are everyday surgical techniques used to reconstruct skin defects. Although their clinical advantages and disadvantages are well known, there are still uncertainties with respect to their long-term results. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes more than one-year post operatively using objective measurement devices. The study included 31 facial defects reconstructed with local random flap, 30 facial defects reconstructed with split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs) and 30 facial defects reconstructed with full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs). Skin quality was objectively evaluated using MP6 noninvasive probes (Courage + Khazaka GmbH, Cologne, Germany), which measure melanin count, erythema, hydration, sebum, friction and transepidermal water loss. The results showed that there were no significant differences in melanin count, erythema, hydration, sebum level, friction value and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) between the site reconstructed with random local flaps and the same site on the healthy contralateral side of the face. However, both FTSGs and STSGs showed significantly higher levels in terms of TEWL and erythema, whereas the levels of hydration, sebum and friction were significantly lower compared to the healthy contralateral side. Moreover, STSGs resulted in a significant difference in melanin count. These findings imply that the complex pathophysiology of the wound-healing process possibly results in better skin-quality outcomes for random local flaps than skin autografts. Consequently, this suggests that random local flaps should be implemented whenever possible for the reconstruction of facial region defects.

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Simmer, Clemens, Insa Thiele-Eich, Matthieu Masbou, Wulf Amelung, Heye Bogena, Susanne Crewell, Bernd Diekkrüger, et al. "Monitoring and Modeling the Terrestrial System from Pores to Catchments: The Transregional Collaborative Research Center on Patterns in the Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere System." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 1765–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00134.1.

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Abstract Most activities of humankind take place in the transition zone between four compartments of the terrestrial system: the unconfined aquifer, including the unsaturated zone; surface water; vegetation; and atmosphere. The mass, momentum, and heat energy fluxes between these compartments drive their mutual state evolution. Improved understanding of the processes that drive these fluxes is important for climate projections, weather prediction, flood forecasting, water and soil resources management, agriculture, and water quality control. The different transport mechanisms and flow rates within the compartments result in complex patterns on different temporal and spatial scales that make predictions of the terrestrial system challenging for scientists and policy makers. The Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 32 (TR32) was formed in 2007 to integrate monitoring with modeling and data assimilation in order to develop a holistic view of the terrestrial system. TR32 is a long-term research program funded by the German national science foundation Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), in order to focus and integrate research activities of several universities on an emerging scientific topic of high societal relevance. Aiming to bridge the gap between microscale soil pores and catchment-scale atmospheric variables, TR32 unites research groups from the German universities of Aachen, Bonn, and Cologne, and from the environmental and geoscience departments of Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH. Here, we report about recent achievements in monitoring and modeling of the terrestrial system, including the development of new observation techniques for the subsurface, the establishment of cross-scale, multicompartment modeling platforms from the pore to the catchment scale, and their use to investigate the propagation of patterns in the state and structure of the subsurface to the atmospheric boundary layer.

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Grünthal, G., and R. Wahlström. "New Generation of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for the Area Cologne/Aachen Considering the Uncertainties of the Input Data." Natural Hazards 38, no. 1-2 (May 2006): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-8611-7.

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Otterpohl, R. "Options for alternative types of sewerage and treatment systems directed to improvement of the overall performance." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 3 (February 1, 2002): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0074.

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Technology for future houses may well include a high-tech water recycling unit that makes tapwater while people drink bottled water of high quality. There may be toilets that produce just a bag of dry fertiliser per year, hopefully without fossil energy. Rainwater infiltration is increasingly replacing storm sewers anyway. Many urban areas of the future could simply be without sewerage systems. Technical feasibility is given even today and economic feasability is coming closer by advances in membrane technology. However, there are more likely scenarios than this. One person produces about 500 litres of urine and 50 litres of faeces per year (= blackwater). The same person, produces in a range of 20,000 to over 100,000 litres of wastewater. Black- and greywater (wastewater without toilet) do have very different characteristics. If blackwater is collected separately with low dilution it can be converted to safe natural fertiliser, replacing synthetic products and preventing spreadout of pathogens and other pollutants to receiving waters. New sanitation concepts are now built in several countries as pilot projects. One example is a vacuum-biogas system for around 400 inhabitants that has been built in Lübeck, Germany. It does perform recovery of resources and energy in an urban area. This type of sanitation can serve around up to 10,000 people and can be arranged in independent modules for larger settlements. Another pilot project based on urine-sorting flush toilets (no-mix-toilets) has been built in the rural water-mill museum “Lambertsmühle” near Cologne, Germany. Urine or yellow water is collected with low dilution and can be used as fertiliser as projects in Sweden have shown – the nutrient composition suits many types of soil. Brownwater (the solids and flush from the sorting toilet) is converted to small volume by a two-chamber composting tank with a filtration system. The compost can be used as soil conditioner. These and other concepts can be economic and show new ways for the many water scarce areas around the world, too.

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Kruglova, Elena. ""Ancient music – Historical singing" ("Alte Musick – Historischer Gesang") in German Music Universities." Философия и культура, no. 2 (February 2023): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0757.2023.2.39688.

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The article is devoted to the actual problem of historically grounded performance of Baroque vocal music by academic vocalists. Listening activity, the demand for ancient music in Russia raises issues for performers that need to be resolved within the framework of historical performance practice. To fulfill all the conditions, it becomes important to receive an appropriate specialized education. In Russia, little attention is paid to the professional training of academic vocalists in the field of historical singing or baroque singing, whereas in Italy and Germany independent faculties of ancient music are intensively working, including, along with instrumentalists, the training of singers. The author reveals the features of the content and organization of the educational process in universities in Germany and Russia. The purpose of this article is to identify possible ways to form a solo academic singer of historical specialization. The methodological basis of the work consists of historical, analytical methods that reveal the topic from various angles. Using the example of a number of educational institutions that train specialists in the field of historical singing, such as the University of the Arts Bremen, the University of Music and Theatre “Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy” Leipzig, the Cologne University of Music and the Nuremberg University of Music, the article presents a comparative analysis of curricula, examines the studied disciplines within various modules. The conclusion is made about the prospects of using the experience of foreign countries in the training of specialists in the field of baroque singing.

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Fekete, Alexander, and Simone Sandholz. "Here Comes the Flood, but Not Failure? Lessons to Learn after the Heavy Rain and Pluvial Floods in Germany 2021." Water 13, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 3016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13213016.

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Floods are a known natural hazard in Germany, but the amount of precipitation and ensuing high death toll and damages after the events especially from 14 to 15 July 2021 came as a surprise. Almost immediately questions about failure in the early warning chains and the effectiveness of the German response emerged, also internationally. This article presents lessons to learn and argues against a blame culture. The findings are based on comparisons with findings from previous research projects carried out in the Rhein-Erft Kreis and the city of Cologne, as well as on discussions with operational relief forces after the 2021 events. The main disaster aspects of the 2021 flood are related to issuing and understanding warnings, a lack of information and data exchange, unfolding upon a situation of an ongoing pandemic and aggravated further by critical infrastructure failure. Increasing frequencies of flash floods and other extremes due to climate change are just one side of the transformation and challenge, Germany and neighbouring countries are facing. The vulnerability paradox also heavily contributes to it; German society became increasingly vulnerable to failure due to an increased dependency on its infrastructure and emergency system, and the ensuing expectations of the public for a perfect system.

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Weiß, Odulf, Gerhard A. Wiesmüller, Anne Bunte, Thomas Göen, Carsten K. Schmidt, Michael Wilhelm, and Jürgen Hölzer. "Perfluorinated compounds in the vicinity of a fire training area – Human biomonitoring among 10 persons drinking water from contaminated private wells in Cologne, Germany." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 215, no. 2 (February 2012): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.08.016.

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Cekiera, Agnieszka, Jarosław Popiel, Marta Siemieniuch, Zbigniew Jaworski, Malwina Slowikowska, Natalia Siwinska, Agnieszka Zak, and Artur Niedzwiedz. "The examination of biophysical parameters of the skin in Polish Konik horses." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): e0250329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250329.

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This study aimed to assess the biophysical parameters of the skin in Polish Konik horses (Polish primitive horses). According to the authors, this is the first assessment performed on such a wide scale in this group of animals. The evaluation carried out is innovative both with regards to the breed of the animals and the wide scope of the physicochemical skin assessment. The study group comprised mares, stallions and geldings, and the evaluations concerned transepidermal water loss, corneometry, pH, skin temperature assessment and mexametry. These parameters were assessed in five skin regions: the lips, the right ear, the prosternum, the right side of the neck and the chest. The measurements were taken after spreading the hair apart, with the use of a Multiprobe Adapter System (MPA®) and dedicated probes (Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany). The measurements revealed statistically significant differences in the values of transepidermal water loss in the lips in mares compared with stallions (P = 0.023) and also in stallions compared with geldings (P = 0.009). Corneometry showed significantly higher results in the neck region in mares compared with stallions (P = 0.037) and the prosternum areas in mares and geldings compared with stallions (P = 0.037 and P = 0.018). Skin pH measurement on the right side of the neck rendered significantly higher values in stallions than in mares (P = 0.037). In geldings, the skin temperature was significantly higher than in stallions (P = 0.049). Once the appropriate physicochemical values for specific animal species and breeds are determined, non-invasive methods of skin examination in many diseases and also methods of evaluation of the efficacy and/or adverse effects of applied medications can be established.

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Bosshard, Thomas, Sven Kotlarski, Massimiliano Zappa, and Christoph Schär. "Hydrological Climate-Impact Projections for the Rhine River: GCM–RCM Uncertainty and Separate Temperature and Precipitation Effects*." Journal of Hydrometeorology 15, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 697–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-12-098.1.

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Abstract Climate change is expected to affect the hydrological cycle, with considerable impacts on water resources. Climate-induced changes in the hydrology of the Rhine River (Europe) are of major importance for the riparian countries, as the Rhine River is the most important European waterway, serves as a freshwater supply source, and is prone to floods and droughts. Here regional climate model data from the Ensemble-Based Predictions of Climate Changes and their Impacts (ENSEMBLES) project is used to drive the hydrological model Precipitation–Runoff–Evapotranspiration–Hydrotope (PREVAH) and to assess the impact of climate change on the hydrology in the Rhine basin. Results suggest increases in monthly mean runoff during winter and decreases in summer. At the gauge Cologne and for the period 2070–99 under the A1B scenario of the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, projected decreases in summer vary between −9% and −40% depending on the climate model used, while increases in winter are in the range of +4% to +51%. These projected changes in mean runoff are generally consistent with earlier studies, but the derived spread in the runoff projections appears to be larger. It is demonstrated that temperature effects (e.g., through altered snow processes) dominate in the Alpine tributaries, while precipitation effects dominate in the lower portion of the Rhine basin. Analyses are also presented for selected extreme runoff indices.

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Krautwurst, John, Rainer Lamann, and Uwe Ruschewitz. "UoC-6: a first MOF based on a perfluorinated trimesate ligand." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 76, no. 10-12 (October 11, 2021): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2021-0142.

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Abstract Reaction of Sc(NO3)3·5H2O with K(H2 pF-BTC) – the monopotassium salt of perfluorinated trimesic acid – led to the formation of single crystals of [ Sc ( p F − BTC ) ( H 2 O ) 3 ] ∞ 1 ⋅ 4 H 2 O ${}_{\infty }{}^{1}\left[\text{Sc}\left(pF-\text{BTC}\right){\left({\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}\right)}_{3}\right]\cdot 4{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$ ( P 1 ‾ $P‾{1}$ , Z = 2). DTA/TGA measurements revealed that all water molecules were released below 200 °C. Using powder synchrotron radiation diffraction data, the crystal structure of the residue of the dehydration was elucidated and the results confirmed the formula [ Sc ( p F − BTC ) ] ∞ 3 ${}_{\infty }{}^{3}\left[\text{Sc}\left(pF-\text{BTC}\right)\right]$ (Fddd, Z = 16). The compound is similar, but not isostructural to the recently published UoC-4 (I41/amd, Z = 8; UoC: University of Cologne) with a difluorinated trimesate (dF-BTC3–) as connecting linker. Both compounds can be classified as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) consisting of a 3D network of Sc3+ nodes connected by the fluorinated trimesate ligands. They contain small pores, but their opening windows are too small for any guest molecules to pass. Remarkably, UoC-4 with a lower symmetric ligand (dF-BTC3–) crystallizes in a higher symmetry space group (I41/amd) than UoC-6 (Fddd). This can be rationalized by increasing torsion angles of the carboxylate moieties in the pF-BTC3– ligand.

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Parolai, Stefano, Andreas F�cke, Sandra M. Richwalski, and Lothar Stempniwski. "Assessing the Vibrational Frequencies of the Holweide Hospital in the City of Cologne (Germany) by Means of Ambient Seismic Noise Analysis and FE modelling." Natural Hazards 34, no. 2 (February 2005): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-004-0686-z.

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Di Girolamo, Paolo, Donato Summa, Dario Stelitano, Marco Cacciani, Andrea Scoccione, and Jan H. Schween. "Characterization of Water Vapor Fluxes by the Raman Lidar System Basil and the Univeristy of Cologne Wind Lidar in the Frame of the HD(CP)2Observational Prototype Experiment – Hope." EPJ Web of Conferences 119 (2016): 25006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201611925006.

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SHLIVKO, I. L., G. A. PETROVA, O. YE GARANINA, M. S. NEZNAKHINA, D. O. ELLINSKY, and A. S. MAXIMOVA. "Effect of the local corticosteroid therapy and Tacrolimus on the morphological and functional skin indices of different phototypes." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 88, no. 6 (December 15, 2012): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/vdv759.

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Objective. To assess the effect of local corticosteroid therapy and Tacrolimus on the morphological and functional skin indices of different phototypes. Materials and methods. The authors conducted a complex assessment of the morphological and functional skin condition of different phototypes among healthy volunteers under the impact of corticosteroids and Tacrolimus. The study involved 20 healthy volunteers (10 people of the 1st and 2nd skin phototypes and 10 people of the 5th and 6th skin phototypes; 14 males and 6 females; mean age: 2з years). The morphological condition of the skin was assessed with the use of optical coherent tomography (Applied Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod) while the functional condition was assessed with the use of Multi Skin Test Center MC 750 (Courage+Khazaka Cologne, Germany). Results. The authors revealed that the application of local corticosteroids is accompanied with a reliable reduction in the epidermis thickness developing earlier in the subjects belonging to the 5th and 6th phototypes and, at the same time, increased transepidermal water loss and reduced corneous layer humidity. An increase in the corneous layer thickness accompanied by an increase in the humidity factor was registered in all phototypes in the areas where Tacrolimus was applied. It is possible to select the correct tactics of the anti-inflammatory therapy on the basis of monitoring the morphological and functional skin condition in the process of applying local corticosteroids: to determine the optimum duration of the corticosteroid therapy and switch to calcineurin inhibitors on a timely basis when there is a need to perform an antiinflammatory therapy to achieve the maximum efficacy with the minimum risk of complication development.

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Graue, B., S. Siegesmund, P. Oyhantcabal, R. Naumann, T. Licha, and K. Simon. "The effect of air pollution on stone decay: the decay of the Drachenfels trachyte in industrial, urban, and rural environments—a case study of the Cologne, Altenberg and Xanten cathedrals." Environmental Earth Sciences 69, no. 4 (January 30, 2013): 1095–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-2161-6.

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Miranda, Ade Tricia, Taufik Ari Gunawan, and Imroatul Chalimah Juliana. "Analysis of flood control in Lambidaro sub-watershed using EPA SWMM." International journal of life sciences & earth sciences 6, no. 1 (January 18, 2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijle.v6n1.2068.

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In the Lambidaro sub-watershed, precisely on Jalan Colonel Sulaiman Amin, the problem of flooding continues, especially when it rains. The occurrence of flooding around the canal along the Colonel Sulaiman Amin road drainage is caused by several factors, one of which is the capacity of the reservoir which is not able to control the flood discharge optimally so that water cannot overflow into the canal. and eventually caused flooding in the surrounding area. This study aims to determine whether the drainage capacity is still able to drain surface runoff water or not and determine alternative flood control solutions for Colonel Sulaiman Amin Street. The method used is the EPA Model SWMM (Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model). From this study, the simulation results obtained from EPA SWMM showed alternative solutions offered such as the use of flood pumps, retention ponds, and optimization of drainage, the most effective solution of the six flood mitigation experiments was channel optimization in the form of changing the shape and size of the channel 7 to a square channel with a width of 1 .5 meters. This alternative is 5.26% more effective with an effective percentage of 85.538% and can drain 36.36% more water flow than drainage with a widening of 1.1 meters.

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Siron, R., E. Pelletier, D. Delille, and C. Brochu. "Réponse de la flore bactérienne de l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent à un éventuel déversement de pétrole." Water Quality Research Journal 28, no. 2 (May 1, 1993): 385–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1993.019.

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Résumé Un groupe de cinq mésocosmes de 3,5 m3 chacun, permettant de travailler en eaux froides, a été utilisé pour étudier l’évolution de la flore bactérienne de l’estuaire du Saint-Laurent sous différentes conditions de contamination (pétrole dispersé chimiquement, non traité ou relargué à partir d’un substrat) et à différentes saisons (températures de l’eau de mer variant de −1,8 à 16°C). Des concentrations en pétrole de <1 à plus de 67 mg.L−1 ont été testées. La dispersion chimique du pétrole induit une augmentation de la croissance des bactéries hétérotrophes viables (BHV). Le temps de génération diminue lorsque la température de l’eau augmente et la densité bactérienne maximale atteinte en mésocosmes augmente généralement avec la quantité de pétrole dispersé dans la colonne d’eau. La croissance des BHV est également stimulée par les produits pétroliers relargués à partir d’un substrat contaminé. Lorsque le pétrole est déversé en surface et non traité, la faible concentration dans la colonne d’eau ne permet pas une augmentation significative de la microflore hétérotrophe. La présence de pétrole induit toujours une augmentation de la densité des bactéries dégradant le pétrole (BDP). En conditions glaciales extrêmes (température moyenne de −1,6°C; couche de glace en surface), l’activité hétérotrophe était accrue par la présence de pétrole dispersé, alors que dans le même temps, la microflore totale restait relativement constante. Une diminution de la diversité spécifique de la communauté bactérienne était notée après deux semaines d’exposition à une concentration maximale de 4,6 mg.L−1 en pétrole dispersé. La communauté bactérienne indigène qui a été échantillonnée dans des conditions hivernales peut être considérée comme “psychrophile tolérante” ou “psychrotrophe”. Les analyses chromatographiques en phase gazeuse effectuées sur le pétrole résiduel ont mis en évidence une biodégradation significative des hydrocarbures aliphatiques et aromatiques, qui est révélée ici par la diminution des rapports n-alcanes/isoprénoides et 2-méthylnaphtalène/ 1-mèthylnaphtalène. Le taux de biodégradation augmente avec la quantité de pétrole dispersé dans la colonne d’eau et avec la température de l’eau. En conditions hivernales extrêmes, la biodégradation restait très limitée durant les deux semaines suivant la contamination.

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Meunier, Nathalie, Michael Haberman, Jean-François Blais, and ET Rajeshwar Dayal Tyagi. "Récupération du plomb extrait de sol contaminé par adsorption sur des colonnes d'écailles de cacao." Water Quality Research Journal 38, no. 4 (November 1, 2003): 703–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2003.044.

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Abstract La lixiviation par l'acide chlorhydrique représente une option largement étudiée pour la décontamination des sols pollués par les métaux. Les métaux ainsi solubilisés doivent être éliminés des lixiviats acides générés lors du traitement des sols. La présente étude avait pour objectif d'étudier la performance des écailles de cacao pour la récupération du plomb extrait par lessivage acide de sol contaminé et ce, dans un système d'adsorption en colonnes opéré en phases successives de fixation et d'élution du plomb. Les essais menés avec un ensemble de huit colonnes d'adsorption remplies de 50 g d'écailles de cacao et opérées à différentes charges hydrauliques ont montré qu'un temps de contact minimal de l'ordre de 30 min est nécessaire pour le traitement de 100 mL d'un lixiviat acide (Ci = 36 mg Pb/L et pHi = 2.0) par gramme d'écailles de cacao. Des essais réalisés avec un système de quatre colonnes disposées en série et contenant chacune 80 g d'écailles ont également démontré que le plomb fixé peut être aisément élué par une solution d'acide diluée (HCl 1 N) et que les écailles de cacao peuvent être réutilisées pour plusieurs cycles d'adsorption-élution sans perdre de manière importante leur capacité de fixation du plomb.

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Fox, Christopher. "Cage—Eckhart—zimmermann." Tempo, no. 159 (December 1986): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298200022798.

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Walter Zimmermann (b. 1949) is one of the most interesting figures in German music today, interesting not only because of his own music but also because of his enthusiastic advocacy of a wide range of other musics. In Cologne, where Zimmermann was based from his student days until his recent move to West Berlin, he founded the Beginner Studio where he promoted a concert series that embraced everything from improvisation to minimalism, from the avantgarde to ethnic musics. In particular he used the Beginner Studio as a venue to introduce many of the more ‘experimental’ American composers whose music he had encountered in preparing his book of interviews, Desert Plants.

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Hommes, Margriet van Eikema, and Emilie Froment. "'Een doek van geene beteekenis' De nachtelijke samenzwering van Claudius Civilis in het Schakerbos van Govert Flinck en Jürgen Ovens technisch onderzocht." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 124, no. 2-3 (2011): 141–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501711798264193.

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AbstractBecause of its extreme darkness, The nocturnal conspiracy of Claudius Civilis by Govert Flinck (16151660) and Jürgen Ovens (1623-1678) holds an isolated position within the decoration program with the Batavian revolt in the galleries of Amsterdam's former Town Hall. Of course the canvas depicts a nocturnal scene with light from only the fire and the moon, but in this painting the darkness dominates virtually everything. The rough, rather sketchy execution, whereby large parts of the canvas are left unpainted is also peculiar. Because of this appearance, some art historians have thought it an outrage that this 'painting with no value' should have replaced Rembrandt's masterpiece with the same subject. However, Flinck and Ovens – both pupils of Rembrandt – were painters of the first rank and there is nothing in the oeuvre of either master that is reminiscent of this rather unbalanced gallery painting. The question is therefore: to what does this piece owe its inaccessible appearance? This, of course, also relates to the manufacture-process and function of the canvas. Archival records and historical texts contain many relevant details on the paintings' genesis but have so far mainly given rise to confusion. The technical investigation, carried out during the 2007-2009 conservation campaign of the Batavian series, now demonstrates that the painting's extreme appearance traces back to both its peculiar genesis that is wholly different from that of the other gallery paintings and to its unfortunate conservation history. It was found that the piece was never intended to be a permanent decoration: the canvas is the one surviving remnant of a series of temporary festive decorations that Flinck had produced in the summer of 1659 in honour of the visit of Amalia van Solms and the Orange family to the Town Hall. Because of the painting's temporary nature, Flinck has modified his usual working procedures. Rather than taking sturdy, durable linen he chose a thin, fine canvas; and instead of applying to his canvas a reliable ground layer he painted on it directly. Flinck elected for fast-drying water-based paint (gum arabic) and worked with an extremely modest palette: he coloured his canvas with a thinned brown paint and on this base modelled his figures with only black contours and beige highlights. The original idea was that Flinck's temporary works would be replaced by permanent decorations from his hand, consisting of twelve paintings. But because of his untimely death in 1660, the commission was divided between Jordaens, Lievens and Rembrandt. Rembrandt's painting, to replace Flinck's work with the nocturnal conspiracy, was almost immediately removed, probably in the summer of 1662. When the Bishop of Cologne visited Amsterdam shortly afterwards, this empty space needed to be filled in a hurry and Flinck's old decoration was retrieved from storage. Jürgen Ovens was commissioned to 'work up [= finish] a sketch by Govert Flinck into a complete ordonnance'. Once again we seem to be dealing with a temporary decoration, for the modest sum of 48 guilders was all that Ovens was paid. The painter only did what was absolutely essential – after applying an isolating glue layer, he just added a few lines and touches of colour in oil paint here and there, all just enough to clarify Flinck's image, which was by then probably somewhat battered. The planned replacement of the Flinck/Ovens' canvas by a permanent painting never materialized; oppressed by a shortage of finance, the city governors decided in 1664 to postpone for five years all commissions or purchases of paintings for the Town Hall. This is why Flinck's canvas, dressed up a little by Ovens, has remained in the gallery to this day. Obviously, this painting, produced for a strictly temporary purpose, was never intended to have such a long 'life'. An ungrounded canvas painted with water-based paint is highly fragile and discolours as the fabric ages. But quite apart from this discolouration the dark and empty impression that the painting conveys today, is mainly due to earlier treatments by those who had no understanding of its unique characteristics. As archival records show, in the eighteenth century the canvas was lined twice using glue; a treatment that involved the use of considerable amounts of water. In addition, over the centuries the painting has been varnished several times and in the 1960's it was given a wax-resin lining. It is because these treatments, each of which is totally unsuitable for a water-based canvas, that the painting has acquired its present patchy and dark orange-brown appearance. Since nothing can be done to remedy the consequences of the lack of understanding of previous centuries - one cannot return to the painting's original appearance - the aim of the recent restoration was to achieve a balance between the aspects of the painting that stem from its unusual manufacture-process and the qualities that are the consequence of its conservation history.

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Bérubé, Christopher, Xavier Barbeau, Patrick Lagüe, and Normand Voyer. "Revisiting the Juliá–Colonna enantioselective epoxidation: supramolecular catalysis in water." Chemical Communications 53, no. 37 (2017): 5099–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc01168g.

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Plum, Catherine, Klaus Berghahn, Gregory Smulewicz-Zucker, David Freis, Matthew Eckel, and Malte Pehl. "Book Reviews." German Politics and Society 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 102–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2016.340106.

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Mike Dennis and Norman LaPorte, State and Minorities in Communist East Germany (Berghahn: New York, 2013) Reviewed by Catherine Plum Florian Illies, 1913. Der Sommer des Jahrhunderts (Fischer: Frankfurt/Main, 2012) Reviewed by Klaus BerghahnHoward Eiland and Michael W. Jennings, Walter Benjamin: A Critical Life (Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2014) Reviewed by Gregory Smulewicz-ZuckerHelmut Schmitz and Annette Seidel-Arpacı, ed., Narratives of Trauma: Discourses of German Wartime Suffering in National and International Perspective (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2011) Reviewed by David FreisTriadafilos Triadafilopoulos, Becoming Multicultural: Immigration and the Politics of Membership in Canada and Germany (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2012) Reviewed by Matthew EckelFrank Trommler. Kulturmacht ohne Kompass – Deutsche auswärtige Kulturbeziehungen im 20. Jahrhundert (Cologne: Böhlau Verlag, 2014). Reviewed by Malte Pehl

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Amiel, Christophe, Sylvie Gillot, Michel Roustan, and Alain Héduit. "Vers une méthode de mesure du transfert d'oxygène en biofiltres." Water Quality Research Journal 37, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 729–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2002.049.

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Abstract L'objectif du travail présenté était d'une part de préciser les conditions d'adaptation aux biofiltres des méthodes de mesure “usuelles” en eau claire du transfert d'oxygène, d'autre part, de déterminer si l'addition de cobalt pouvait être évitée pour ralentir l'oxydation du sulfite. Trois méthodes de mesure ont été mises en oeuvre en eau claire et comparées sur colonne à bulles et en pilote biofiltre : la méthode de réoxygénation, la méthode des bilans gazeux et la méthode du dosage du sulfite. Les essais réalisés à différents débits d'air en présence d'une forte concentration en sulfite de sodium (2000 mg.L-1) ont montré que l'ajout de cobalt induisait un important facteur d'accélération du transfert d'oxygène. En milieu diphasique, la méthode des bilans gazeux (sans ou avec cobalt) fournit des résultats comparables à la méthode de référence (réoxygénation avec cobalt). Dans les conditions expérimentales, la méthode du dosage de sulfite fournie des résultats sous estimés. En pilote biofiltre, la méthode la mieux adaptée pour l'estimation du rendement d'oxygénation global en eau claire est la méthode des bilans gazeux sans addition de cobalt.

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Muljačić, Žarko. "Nuovi dati sulle colonie croate nell'Italia meridionale con particolare riguardo a quelle estintesi da secoli in campania." Linguistica 45, no. 1 (December 31, 2005): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.45.1.189-202.

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Negli ultimi tren'anni sono usciti parecchi lavori che si occupano direttamente o di passaggio delle colonie di profughi croati nell'Italia meridionale. Sfortunatamente una recente Bibliografia aggiornata (Rešetar, 1997, 290-294), redatta da Walter Breu e Monica Gardenghi, omette molti titoli, specie se scritti da non slavisti. Questo contributo si divide in cinque capitoli: 1. Cenni introduttivi; 2. Un giro d'oriz zonte sui risultati più importanti recenti (con l'accento sulla consistenza delle certezze ormai acquistate e sui dubbi e sospetti tuttora permanenti riguardanti le all'incirca set tanta località affrontate per la prima volta nel loro insieme da M. Rešetar nel lontano 19lll); 3. Le colonie campane; 4. Congetture sulla colonia campana non nominata, visitata nel 1613 dallo scrittore e linguista croato Bartol Kašić; 5. Compiti futuri.

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Wisneski, Harris H., Ronald L. Yates, and John A. Wenninger. "Liquid Chromatographic-Fluorometric Determination of Cinnamyl Alcohol in Perfumes, Colognes, and Toilet Waters." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 71, no. 4 (July 1, 1988): 821–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/71.4.821.

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Abstract A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for the determination of cinnamyl alcohol (3-phenyl-2-propen-l-ol) in fragrance compositions. The fragrance product is partially cleaned up by diluting the fragrance with a 95% ethanol-water mixture and passing it through a short column containing RP-8 packing. An aliquot of the effluent is then analyzed by LC using an RP-18 column interfaced to a spectrophotofluorometer equipped with double monochromators. The fluorescence emission intensity of the eluted cinnamyl alcohol is measured and compared with that of a standard to calculate the amount of cinnamyl alcohol present. Recoveries from fragrance products fortified with cinnamyl alcohol at levels ranging from 0.0020 to 0.060 mg/mL ranged from 85 to 105% with a mean of 94%. The lowest level of determination was 0.0005 mg/mL.

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ROCHE, C., M. E. VALLE-MEDINA, G. PALLARES, P. SCHMITT, A. PALLARES, M. MEILLIEZ, and J. LAURENT. "Décantabilité de boues activées conventionnelles et densifiées : caractérisation des régimes de sédimentation, perspectives opérationnelles." Techniques Sciences Méthodes 5 (May 22, 2023): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202305035.

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Au sein des filières de traitement des eaux usées utilisant le procédé conventionnel à boues activées, les propriétés de décantation des boues au sein du clarificateur secondaire sont susceptibles d’être dégradées, notamment lors de phénomènes de prolifération de bactéries filamenteuses. Cette étude vise à caractériser la décantation de boues obtenues suite à la mise en place à pleine échelle d’une extraction sélective utilisant un hydrocyclone. Les boues densifiées obtenues présentent des indices de boues stables en deçà de 50 mL/g MES (matières en suspension), y compris en période hivernale où l’indice des boues conventionnelles monte à près de 200 mL/g MES. La caractérisation de la sédimentation en colonne fermée équipée de transducteurs ultrasonores a permis de caractériser les régimes de sédimentation de zone et de compression. La boue densifiée présente des vitesses de sédimentation plus que doublées par rapport à la boue conventionnelle (3 m/h à 6,85 g/L). Le régime de compression est atteint pour la boue densifiée à une concentration critique beaucoup plus élevée (> 7 g/L contre 4 g/L). Ainsi, la capacité d’épaississement de la boue densifiée est bien supérieure, la concentration au fond de la colonne atteignant 20,9 contre 8,5 g/L respectivement pour la boue densifiée et la boue conventionnelle. Ces propriétés permettent une optimisation de la conception et du fonctionnement des ouvrages (réduction du taux de recirculation, augmentation de la charge hydraulique).

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Sherk, George W. "The Shape of Illusion." Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 1, no. 1 (October 2013): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v1.i1.7.

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With these words, Colonel Nathan R. Jessep, played by Jack Nicholson in the movie A Few Good Men, expressed his outrage at being caught in a lie. The lie is not relevant to our purposes today. What is relevant is the fact that the truth eventually became known. As we look to secure water supplies for the future, it is essential that decisions regarding the allocation and management of water resources be based as much as possible on truth, not on illusions created and perpetrated in the name of political expediency. As Col. Jessep could not stand being caught in a lie, future water allocation and management decisions will not stand if they are based on illusion. This paper addresses three illusions. The following Section focuses on the myth of stationarity. The second Section debunks the assumption that physically available water supplies are also legally available. The third Section addresses the illusion of “state primacy” in the allocation and management of water resources. Conclusions are contained in the final Section, “The Fourth Dimension.”

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Ziyad Shakir Loaybi Al-Zayadi and Asst. Prof. Thamir R. S. Az-Zubaidy (Ph.D.). "Dismantling Fabricated Reality in Shepard’s State of Shock." Journal of Education College Wasit University 51, no. 1 (May 29, 2023): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol51.iss1.2906.

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ABSTRACT This paper investigates Sam Shepard’s States of Shock in which the playwright explores family relation during an international crisis, war. As male identity is noted as a recurring theme in Shepard’s plays, the paper examines masculine identity in States of Shock. As depicted in the play, Colonel and Stubbs, the main characters in the play, struggle to negotiate their personal identity prisms. As such, we explore this issue via the lens of social identity to address the primary constructs in the play. Although taking as its setting a family café, the events in the play transcend this both temporally and spatially through the two characters’ battle for male identity at the war front lines. As such, we argue that through the characters of Colonel and Stubbs, where the former promotes war mythologies regardless of the suffering of the traumatized soldier, Stubbs, the play presents a critique of American myths of war.

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Taoufik, Mohamed, Jamal Eddine Dafir, and Souad Kemmou. "Comportement hydrogéochimique du phosphore dans le réservoir Imfout (Oum Rabiaa, Maroc)." Water Quality Research Journal 40, no. 2 (May 1, 2005): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2005.023.

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Abstract L’étude du phosphore, facteur clef responsable de l'eutrophisation des eaux continentales, a été entreprise au niveau du réservoir Imfout, situé dans la partie aval du bassin Oum Rabiaa, afin de comprendre le fonctionnement hydrogéochimique de cet élément dans ce réservoir. Le régime hydrologique du réservoir, caractérisé par un faible temps de séjour (70 jours en moyenne annuelle) est lié aux apports externes et à la gestion propre du réservoir. Cela contribue à l'homogénéisation de la colonne d'eau qui ne présente aucune stratification thermique ni d'anoxie. Le comportement hydrogéochimique du phosphore dans le réservoir montre que l'influence du réservoir Al Massira situé en amont sur les apports en phosphore semble être partielle. Ce réservoir semble être beaucoup plus contrôlée par : (1) les apports venant du bassin versant local où les flux en phosphore mesurés à l'entrée d'Imfout sont plus importants qu’à la sortie du réservoir Al Massira; (2) la consommation phytoplanctonique de la forme P-PO4 directement assimilable et (3) les échanges au niveau du sédiment, surtout en période estivale. L’étude saisonnière a montré le rôle des différentes fractions du phosphore du sédiment dans le processus d’échange eau – sédiment. La mobilité de ces différentes fractions explique les variations du phosphore sédimentaire. Les résultats témoignent de l'importance de la fraction ferrique dans ces échanges et cette fraction est identifiée comme étant la plus concernée par ces phénomènes.

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Jr., Robert Saunders, R. Lockwood Tower, and John S. Belmont. "Lee's Adjutant: The Wartime Letters of Colonel Walter Herron Taylor, 1862-1865." Journal of Southern History 62, no. 3 (August 1996): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2211533.

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Dzikowski, M., E. Carlier, N. Crampon, and G. de Marsily. "Relations entre réponses impulsionnelles et conditions hydrodynamiques des systèmes dans le cadre de traçages artificiels: Theorie et application sur colonne de laboratoire." Journal of Hydrology 125, no. 1-2 (June 1991): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(91)90087-x.

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Chepik, G. S., T. N. Karpova, and I. K. Soldatov. "SANATORIUM-PREVENTION «MOUNTAIN WATER» (TO THE QUESTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEALTH RESORT BASE OF PRIMORSKY KRAI)." Marine Medicine 6, no. 5(S) (January 20, 2021): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2413-5747-2020-6-s-92-95.

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The article provides a mention of the Russian Soviet geographer and traveler V. K. Arsenyev about mineral springs in the Ussuri taiga, briefly outlines the history of the opening of a sanatorium in Gornovodny (Sandagou). The role of the command of the Vladimir-Olginsky military naval base of the Pacific Fleet in the opening of the sanatorium is highlighted (information from the book of the graduate of the Naval Medical Academy, captain of the medical service A. M. Kopanev was used), as well as the study and application in the treatment of patients with mineral water by a naval doctor the therapeutic department of the 18th Naval Hospital of the 750th Logistics Department of the Pacific Fleet, Lieutenant Colonel of the Medical Service I. F. Andreev. The main characteristics, chemical formula and chemical composition of mineral water from the Gornovodnoye spring are given. The medical base, profiles of diseases, accommodation, nutrition, recreation, summer and winter outdoor air temperatures are presented.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cologne water'

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