Journal articles: 'Colocasia spp'

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Calle, Jehannara, Yaiza Benavent-Gil, and Cristina M. Rosell. "Influence of the Use of Hydrocolloids in the Development of Gluten-Free Breads from Colocasia esculenta Flour." Proceedings 53, no. 1 (August 5, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020053006.

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Colocasia esculenta represents an alternative non-gluten ingredient due to its healthy properties. The objective of this study was to explore the breadmaking potential of Colocasia spp. cormel flour combined with hydrocolloids (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, xanthan gum, guar gum). A total of three formulations were tested. Breads were characterized by assessing their technological qualities: moisture, specific volume, volume, hardness and weight loss. The quality parameters were similar to other gluten-free breads. Overall, Colocasia spp. flour can be used to produce gluten-free breads with similar technological quality parameters than those previously reported with common gluten-free flours.

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Thorpe, Daniel J., Thomas C. Harrington, and Janice Y. Uchida. "Pathogenicity, Internal Transcribed Spacer-rDNA Variation, and Human Dispersal of Ceratocystis fimbriata on the Family Araceae." Phytopathology® 95, no. 3 (March 2005): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-95-0316.

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Ceratocystis fimbriata is a complex of many cryptic, host-specialized species that causes wilt and canker of woody species and rot diseases of storage roots and corms of many economically important plants worldwide. With the exception of the family Araceae, all confirmed hosts of C. fimbriata are dicotyledonous plants. We hypothesized that the isolates from members of the family Araceae would form a monophyletic lineage specialized to infect these unique hosts. Analyses of sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear rDNA indicate that isolates and herbarium specimens of C. fimbriata from the family Araceae represent three different groups: an Xanthosoma/Syngonium group on corms of Xanthosoma spp. from the Caribbean region and on ornamental S. podophyllum from greenhouses in Florida, Hawaii, Australia, and Brazil; an inhame group on corms of Colocasia esculenta in Brazil; and a distantly related taro group on Colocasia esculenta in Hawaii and China and on X. sagittifolium in Fiji. Inoculations of three species of Araceae (Caladium bicolor, S. podophyllum, and Colocasia esculenta) showed that isolates from all three groups are pathogenic to these three hosts. Brazilian isolates from Mangifera indica and Ficus carica were only weakly pathogenic to Caladium and Syngonium sp. and were not pathogenic to Colocasia sp. Syngonium plants appeared to be most susceptible to isolates of the Xanthosoma/Syngonium group, and Colocasia plants were least susceptible to isolates from Syngonium spp. Thus, it appears that adaptations to the family Araceae have evolved more than once in the C. fimbriata complex. It is hypothesized that the three groups of C. fimbriata on the family Araceae are native to the Caribbean, Brazil, and Asia, respectively, but they have been spread elsewhere by humans.

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Safo-Kantanka, O., V. Boateng, and E. B. Chamba. "GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF XANTHOSOMA AND COLOCASIA SPP. UNDER DIFFERENT SPACINGS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 380 (November 1994): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1994.380.73.

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Ngetich, Alex, Steven Runo, Omwoyo Ombori, Michael Ngugi, Fanuel Kawaka, Arusei Perpetua, and Gitonga Nkanata. "Low Cost Micropropagation of Local Varieties of Taro (Colocasia esculenta spp.)." British Biotechnology Journal 6, no. 4 (January 10, 2015): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bbj/2015/15614.

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5

Ugwuanyi, J. Obeta, and Jason A. N. Obeta. "Fungi associated with storage rots of cocoyams (Colocasia spp.) in Nsukka, Nigeria." Mycopathologia 134, no. 1 (April 1996): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00437048.

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Cooke, R. D., J. E. Rickard, and A. K. Thompson. "The Storage of Tropical Root and Tuber Cropscassava, Yam and Edible Aroids." Experimental Agriculture 24, no. 4 (October 1988): 457–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700100201.

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SummaryRoot and tuber crops make a major contribution to the food supply in many developing countries. Most of the relatively limited research effort on tropical root crops has focussed on improved production technologies, especially with regard to genetic improvement. Interest in post-harvest technologies and crop use has increased recently with the growing recognition of their importance in the marketing of these perishable crops. This paper reviews recent advances in storage research for three of the principal root crops: cassava (Manihot esculenta C), yam (Dioscorea spp.) and the edible aroids (Colocasia spp.).R. D. Cooke, J. E. Rickard y A. K. Thompson: El almacenamiento de tubérculos tropicales - mandioca, ôame y aráceas comestibles.

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Manhivi, Vimbainashe E., Sonja Venter, Eric O. Amonsou, and Tukayi Kudanga. "Composition, thermal and rheological properties of polysaccharides from amadumbe (Colocasia esculenta) and cactus (Opuntia spp.)." Carbohydrate Polymers 195 (September 2018): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.062.

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De Luca, Francesca, Alberto Troccoli, Larry W. Duncan, Sergei A. Subbotin, Lieven Waeyenberge, Daniel L. Coyne, Francis C. Brentu, and Renato N. Inserra. "Pratylenchus speijeri n. sp. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae), a new root-lesion nematode pest of plantain in West Africa." Nematology 14, no. 8 (2012): 987–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854112x638424.

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A new root-lesion nematode, particularly pathogenic to Musa spp. and causing important plantain losses in Ghana, is described and named Pratylenchus speijeri n. sp. The cryptic status of this species within the P. coffeae species complex has been assessed and confirmed in this study. An extensive comparison of the morphological and molecular characteristics of this new species with those of P. coffeae and other related amphimictic species did not result in an unambiguous separation of this species from P. coffeae because only a few morphological features of diagnostic value were found. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene, the ITS rRNA gene and a portion of the hsp90 gene of P. speijeri n. sp. and P. coffeae species complex populations from different sources generated majority consensus BI trees with three major clades: P. speijeri n. sp. from Musa spp. roots in Ghana; unidentified or putative new Pratylenchus sp. C1 from Colocasia esculenta roots in Japan and P. coffeae with non-homogeneous relationships from different hosts and distant geographical areas. These results confirmed the validity of P. speijeri n. sp. as a new taxon and indicated that P. coffeae populations from Colocasia in Japan also need to be considered as a new species. Sequence differences in the ITS were used to design group- and species-specific primers to detect P. speijeri n. sp. and other species of P. coffeae species complex. The use of these species-specific primers for the separation of P. speijeri n. sp., Pratylenchus sp. C1 and P. coffeae has important practical application in breeding programmes for agriculture in West Africa.

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Lutwama, J. J., and L. G. Mukwaya. "Estimates of mortalities of larvae and pupae of the Aedes simpsoni (Theobald)(Diptera: Culicidae) complex in Uganda." Bulletin of Entomological Research 85, no. 1 (March 1995): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300052056.

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AbstractStudies were carried out to estimate and compare mortalities of larvae and pupae of Aedes (Stegomyia) simpsoni sensu lato breeding in axils of Colocasia esculenta, Xanthosoma sagittifolium (Araceae) and Musa spp. (Musaceae) in different locations in Uganda and also to ascertain whether there are any differences in their dynamics that could be used to separate the species. The probability of larvae surviving from one day to the next (40·5 – 99·8%), and the proportions dying in each instar (0·97 – 77·3%) and dying daily in all the four instars (3·9 – 46·3%) varied between seasons at each site and between sites and species of plants. Estimates of larval and pupal mortality were generally highest for fourth instar [52·4 ± 6·0% (mean ± SE)] and lowest for the second instar larvae (16·0 ± 2·6%). There was higher larval instar mortality in axils of X. sagittifolium (96·9%) and Musa spp. (82·2 – 96·5%) than in C. esculenta (47·1 – 88·4%).

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Harrington, Thomas C., Qiong Huang, Maria A. Ferreira, and Acelino C. Alfenas. "Genetic Analyses Trace the Yunnan, China Population of Ceratocystis fimbriata on Pomegranate and Taro to Populations on Eucalyptus in Brazil." Plant Disease 99, no. 1 (January 2015): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-14-0056-re.

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Genotypes of the Latin American wilt pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata have been moved around the world in vegetatively propagated material of various crop plants, including Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Colocasia esculenta (taro), and Eucalyptus spp. When compared to a worldwide collection of isolates of C. fimbriata, isolates from taro, Punica granatum (pomegranate), and Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) from Yunnan Province, China were found to have sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and mating type genes that were identical to isolates from Eucalyptus in Brazil. Analyses of 35 isolates with 14 microsatellite markers revealed that the Yunnan population was nearly uniform, consisting of only 19 alleles and seven closely related genotypes, suggesting that the population is not natural and is the result of an introduction. As in comparisons of sequences of ITS rDNA and mating type genes, the microsatellite alleles of the Yunnan isolates were most similar to those of Eucalyptus isolates from Minas Gerais and Bahia, Brazil, where C. fimbriata is native, soilborne, and commonly infects cuttings of Eucalyptus spp. used for rooting in nurseries. Thus, the Yunnan population, which is causing severe losses on pomegranate, may have been indirectly derived from introductions of C. fimbriata in contaminated Eucalyptus cuttings from Brazil.

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Nhut, Duong Tan, Nguyen Thi Dieu Huong, and Dinh Van Khiem. "Direct microtuber formation and enhanced growth in the acclimatization of in vitro plantlets of taro (Colocasia esculenta spp.) using hydroponics." Scientia Horticulturae 101, no. 1-2 (May 2004): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2003.10.012.

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12

Baker, Christine J., Thomas C. Harrington, Ulrike Krauss, and Acelino C. Alfenas. "Genetic Variability and Host Specialization in the Latin American Clade of Ceratocystis fimbriata." Phytopathology® 93, no. 10 (October 2003): 1274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.10.1274.

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The Ceratocystis fimbriata complex includes many undescribed species that cause wilt and canker diseases of many economically important plants. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences have delineated three geographic clades within Ceratocystis fimbriata. This study examined host specialization in the Latin American clade, in which a number of lineages were identified using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA. Three host-associated lineages were identified from cacao (Theobroma cacao), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), and sycamore (Platanus spp.), respectively. Isolates from these three lineages showed strong host specialization in reciprocal inoculation experiments on these three hosts. Six cacao isolates from Ecuador, Trinidad, and Columbia differed genetically from other cacao isolates and were not pathogenic to cacao in inoculation tests. Further evidence of host specialization within the Latin American clade of Ceratocystis fimbriata was demonstrated in inoculation experiments in growth chambers using sweet potato, sycamore, Colocasia esculenta, coffee (Coffea arabica), and mango (Mangifera indica) plants; inoculation experiments in Brazil using Brazilian isolates from cacao, Eucalyptus spp., mango, and Gmelina arborea; and inoculation experiments in Costa Rica using Costa Rican isolates from cacao, coffee, and Xantho-soma sp. Hosts native to the Americas appeared to be colonized by only select pathogen genotypes, whereas nonnative hosts were colonized by several genotypes. We hypothesize that local populations of Ceratocystis fimbriata have specialized to different hosts; some of these populations are nascent species, and some host-specialized genotypes have been moved to new areas by humans.

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13

Horrocks, M., J. Grant-Mackie, and E. Matisoo-Smith. "Introduced taro (Colocasia esculenta) and yams (Dioscorea spp.) in Podtanean (2700–1800years BP) deposits from Mé Auré Cave (WMD007), Moindou, New Caledonia." Journal of Archaeological Science 35, no. 1 (January 2008): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2007.03.001.

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14

Caicedo, Willan, and Alex Flores. "Características nutritivas de un ensilado líquido de banano orito (Musa acuminata AA) con tubérculos de taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) y su efecto en cerdos de posdestete." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 31, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): e17545. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v31i1.17545.

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El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el uso del ensilaje líquido de banano orito con tubérculos de taro en la dieta de cerdos en posdestete. En el experimento 1 se preparó un total de 30 microsilos de 1 kg de capacidad y se determinó indicadores físicos, microbiológicos, organolépticos y químicos a los 1, 4, 8, 15, 30 y 60 días de fermentación (cinco en cada día). En el experimento 2 se emplearon 60 lechones castrados Landrace x Duroc x Pietrain de 8.53 ± 0.28 kg, distribuidos en tres grupos con 20 animales cada uno y alimentados con 0, 2 y 4% de inclusión de ensilaje en la dieta. El ensilado en el día 1 presentó la mayor temperatura (22.56 ºC) y pH (4.82). No hubo presencia de Escherichia coli, Clostridium spp o Salmonella spp. El olor (dulce fermentado), color (verdoso claro) y consistencia (pastosa) del ensilado fue adecuado. Además, presentó un buen tenor de materia seca, materia orgánica, proteína, extractos libres de nitrógeno, energía bruta, energía digestible, energía metabolizable y bajos niveles de cenizas, grasa y fibra. La inclusión de ensilaje líquido de banano orito con tubérculos de taro en la dieta de cerdos en posdestete al 2 y 4% mejoró el consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso, conversión alimentaria, peso final y redujo la incidencia de diarreas en los animales.

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Erlinawati, Ina. "THE DIVERSITY OF TERRESTRIAL ARACEAE IN MT. WATUWILA COMPLEX, SOUTH-EAST OF SULAWESI." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.15.2.20106.

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The arums comprise the family of Araceae, including the numerous aroids subfamily, monocotyledonous flowering plants, in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The diversity of terrestrial Araceae in Sulawesi is very poorly documented and understood and remains critically threatened. The aims of this study were to understand the diversity of terrestrial Araceae on Mount Watuwila Complex and to add the number specimen collection in Herbarium Bogoriense. The exploration was conducted by used exploring method, including collection, identification and description. The exploration on Mount Watuwila Complex (170–800 m alt.), May 7–29, 2008 was got 22 number collections of Araceae, consist of 12 numbers of terrestrial Araceae, 10 species, those are Aglaonema simplex Bl., Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don, Alocasia suhirmaniana Yuzammi & A. Hay, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, Homalomena spp. (3 species), Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Roxb.) Zoll. & Moritzi, S. plurivenia Alderw and Spathiphyllum commutatum Schott. Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Roxb.) Zoll. & Moritzi is dominant species and Alocasia suhirmaniana Yuzammi & A. Hay is endemic species. The descriptions of each species were made.

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Bagariang, Willing, Purnama Hidayat, and Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat. "Morphometric Analysis and Host Range of the Genus Pentalonia Coquerel (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Infesting Banana in Java." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 23, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.38220.

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Banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is known as vector of Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) that threatening production of banana worldwide. It was reported recently that P. nigronervosa and P. caladii is “cryptic species”. A good and proper identification is necessary to verify the correct species and its status. Research was conducted to identify and to find the host range of banana aphids in Java. Aphid collection was conducted in several locations in West Java, Central Java, and East Java. Eleven morphometric characters were analyzed to assess the morphometric variations among banana aphids. Morphological identification and principle component analysis (PCA) approach were conducted for accurate identification of banana aphids. Two species of aphids were found during the survey in Java, i.e. P. nigronervosa and P. caladii. P. nigronervosa mostly infested bananas (Musa spp.), and a few was found on heliconia (Heliconia sp.) and banana traveler (Ravenala madagascariensis). In contrast, P. caladii generally infested taro (Colocasia esculenta), turmeric (Curcuma longa), costus (Costus sp.), dumbcane (Dieffenbachia sp.), but rarely on bananas.

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Dan Ramdath, D., Renée L. C. Isaacs, Surujpal Teelucksingh, and Thomas M. S. Wolever. "Glycaemic index of selected staples commonly eaten in the Caribbean and the effects of boiling v. crushing." British Journal of Nutrition 91, no. 6 (June 2004): 971–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041125.

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Integrating information about the glycaemic index (GI) of foods into the Caribbean diet is limited by the lack of data. Therefore, we determined the GI of eight staple foods eaten in the Caribbean and the effect on GI of crushing selected tubers. Groups of eight to ten healthy volunteers participated in three studies at two sites. GI was determined using a standard method with white bread and adjusted relative to glucose. The mean area under the glucose response curve elicited by white bread was similar for the different groups of subjects. In study 1, the GI of cassava (Manihot esculenta; 94 (SEM 11)) was significantly higher than those of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis; 60 (SEM 9)), cooking ‘green’ banana (Musa spp.; 65 (SEM 11)) and sadha roti (65 (SEM 9)) (P=0·018). There was no significant difference in the GI of the foods in study 2: dasheen (Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta; 77 (SEM 10)), eddoes (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum; 61 (SEM 10)), Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum; 71 (SEM 8)), tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium; 60 (SEM 5)) and white yam (Dioscorea alata; 62 (SEM 6)), and, in study 3, crushing did not significantly affect the GI of dasheen, tannia or Irish potato. However, when the results from studies 2 and 3 were pooled, the GI of dasheen (76 (SEM 7)) was significantly greater than that of tannia (55 (SEM 5); P=0·015) with potato being intermediate (69 (SEM 6)). We conclude that dasheen and cassava are high-GI foods, whereas the other tubers studied and sadha roti are intermediate-GI foods. Given the regular usage of cassava and dasheen in Caribbean diets we speculate that these diets would tend to be high GI, although this could be reduced by foods such as sadha roti and white yam. The range of GI between the staples is sufficiently large that health benefits may be accrued by replacing high-GI staples with intermediate-GI staples in the Caribbean diet.

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Denham, Tim, Huw Barton, Cristina Castillo, Alison Crowther, Emilie Dotte-Sarout, S. Anna Florin, Jenifer Pritchard, Aleese Barron, Yekun Zhang, and Dorian Q. Fuller. "The domestication syndrome in vegetatively propagated field crops." Annals of Botany 125, no. 4 (January 6, 2020): 581–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz212.

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Abstract Background Vegetatively propagated crops are globally significant in terms of current agricultural production, as well as for understanding the long-term history of early agriculture and plant domestication. Today, significant field crops include sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), manioc (Manihot esculenta), bananas and plantains (Musa cvs), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), yams (Dioscorea spp.) and taro (Colocasia esculenta). In comparison with sexually reproduced crops, especially cereals and legumes, the domestication syndrome in vegetatively propagated field crops is poorly defined. Aims and Scope Here, a range of phenotypic traits potentially comprising a syndrome associated with early domestication of vegetatively propagated field crops is proposed, including: mode of reproduction, yield of edible portion, ease of harvesting, defensive adaptations, timing of production and plant architecture. The archaeobotanical visibility of these syndrome traits is considered with a view to the reconstruction of the geographical and historical pathways of domestication for vegetatively propagated field crops in the past. Conclusions Although convergent phenotypic traits are identified, none of them are ubiquitous and some are divergent. In contrast to cereals and legumes, several traits seem to represent varying degrees of plastic response to growth environment and practices of cultivation, as opposed to solely morphogenetic ‘fixation’.

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Harrington, Thomas C., Daniel J. Thorpe, and Acelino C. Alfenas. "Genetic Variation and Variation in Aggressiveness to Native and Exotic Hosts Among Brazilian Populations of Ceratocystis fimbriata." Phytopathology® 101, no. 5 (May 2011): 555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-08-10-0228.

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Ceratocystis fimbriata is a complex of many species that cause wilt and cankers on woody plants and rot of storage roots or corms of many economically important crops worldwide. In Brazil, C. fimbriata infects different cultivated crop plants that are not native to Brazil, including Gmelina arborea, Eucalyptus spp., Mangifera indica (mango), Ficus carica (fig), and Colocasia esculenta (inhame). Phylogenetic analyses and inoculation studies were performed to test the hypothesis that there are host-specialized lineages of C. fimbriata in Brazil. The internal transcribed spacer region ribosomal DNA sequences varied greatly but there was little resolution of lineages based on these sequences. A portion of the MAT1-2 mating type gene showed less variation, and this variation corresponded more closely with host of origin. However, mango isolates were found scattered throughout the tree. Inoculation experiments on the five exotic hosts showed substantial variation in aggressiveness within and among pathogen populations. Native hosts from the same families as the exotic hosts tended to be less susceptible than the cultivated hosts, but there was little correlation between aggressiveness to the cultivated and native hosts of the same family. Cultivation and vegetative propagation of exotic crops may select for strains that are particularly aggressive on those crops.

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Maslen-Miller, Amy, Robert A. Fullerton, Angelika Tugaga, Faalelei Tunupopo, Seeseei Molimau-Samasoni, Joanna K. Bowen, Robin M. MacDiarmid, and Joy L. Tyson. "Symptom expression of Phytophthora colocasiae in inoculated taro corms." New Zealand Plant Protection 73 (January 27, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2020.73.11012.

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Taro leaf blight (TLB), caused by Phytophthora colocasiae, is normally characterised by leaf lesions. There are isolated reports of P. colocasiae causing a corm rot but the symptoms are not well defined and have not been recorded in Samoa. Here we report on an inoculation method and describe the symptoms of corm rot caused by P. colocasiae. In this study, a corm inoculation method was developed in physical containment laboratories in New Zealand and subsequent symptom development studies were undertaken on TLB-tolerant taro cultivars in Apia, Samoa. The Samoan TLB-tolerant taro cultivars were able to be wound-infected with P. colocasiae and the results confirm previous descriptions of P. colocasiae infection giving rise to light brown firm rots in corms. This work has allowed the pictorial record of corm rots to be updated, potentially providing for better distinction between corm rots caused by P. colocasiae and those caused by other pathogens, such as Fusarium spp.

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Nath, Vishnu Sukumari, Neetha Soma John, Indira Parameswaran Anjanadevi, Vinayaka Mahabaleswar Hegde, Muthulekshmi Lajapathy Jeeva, Raj Shekhar Misra, and Syamala Swayamvaran Veena. "Characterization of Trichoderma spp. antagonistic to Phytophthora colocasiae associated with leaf blight of taro." Annals of Microbiology 64, no. 4 (January 5, 2014): 1513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13213-013-0794-7.

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Wang, Zhixin, Yalin Sun, Xinfang Huang, Feng Li, Yuping Liu, Honglian Zhu, Zhengwei Liu, and Weidong Ke. "Genetic diversity and population structure of eddoe taro in China using genome-wide SNP markers." PeerJ 8 (December 8, 2020): e10485. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10485.

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Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is an important root and tuber crop cultivated worldwide. There are two main types of taro that vary in morphology of corm and cormel, ‘dasheen’ and ‘eddoe’. The eddoe type (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorium) is predominantly distributed throughout China. Characterizing the genetic diversity present in the germplasm bank of taro is fundamental to better manage, conserve and utilize the genetic resources of this species. In this study, the genetic diversity of 234 taro accessions from 16 provinces of China was assessed using 132,869 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers identified by specific length amplified fragment-sequencing (SLAF-seq). Population structure and principal component analysis permitted the accessions to be categorized into eight groups. The genetic diversity and population differentiation of the eight groups were evaluated using the characterized SNPs. Analysis of molecular variance showed that the variation among eight inferred groups was higher than that within groups, while a relatively small variance was found among the two morphological types and 16 collection regions. Further, a core germplasm set comprising 41 taro accessions that maintained the genetic diversity of the entire collection was developed based on the genotype. This research is expected to be valuable for genetic characterization, germplasm conservation, and breeding of taro.

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Li, J., Y. Zhang, K. C. Xu, J. Y. Yang, Y. H. Han, Y. X. Sun, and Q. Huang. "First Report of Wilt of Eucalyptus Caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata in China." Plant Disease 98, no. 12 (December 2014): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-14-0580-pdn.

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Eucalyptus spp., most of which are native to Australia, are one of the world's most commonly planted forestry crops, and have been widely planted in the tropics and subtropics. Eucalyptus trees are distributed in more than 600 counties in 19 provinces/regions throughout China, especially in the southern regions of the country (1). From April of 2013 to May of 2014, eucalyptus trees were noted to be wilting and dying rapidly in Kunming, Yunnan Province (25°02′ N, 102°42′ E), southwest China. Symptomatic trees typically have many wilted or dead leaves hanging throughout the tree or on some major branches, sometimes followed by death of the whole tree. Dark brown to black discoloration can be seen in the woody xylem, and elongated cankers were also present on some affected trees. A fungus was consistently isolated from the leaves and cankers when symptomatic tissue was incubated between two slices of fresh carrot root. Spore masses were removed from the apices of perithecia, transferred to malt extract agar medium (MEA), and incubated at 25°C. Perithecia developed on the medium, and were black, globose, 212.5 to 242.4 × 207.5 to 254.2 μm, and possessed a long black neck (952.3 to 1,303.3 μm). Ascospores had the typical “hat” morphology and were 4.3 to 5.2 × 3.0 to 3.8 μm. Cylindrical endoconidia (11.2 to 22.2 × 3.9 to 6.1 μm) were found. Chlamydospores produced on media were ovoid and smooth, and were 7.8 to 9.7 × 9.9 to 12.8 μm. Chains of barrel-shaped conidia were not found. PCR amplification and sequencing of the ITS region of rDNA were carried out for one isolate, E2-2, using the procedures of Thorpe et al. (3). Analysis of ITS sequence data (GenBank Accession No. KJ511481) showed that the isolates were 99% homologous to the isolate of C. fimbriata from diseased Colocasia esculenta in Cuba, China, and Hawaii (AY526304 to 06) by BLAST analysis. Thus, the fungus was identified as C. fimbriata based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Pathogenicity tests were made on 1-year-old E. grandis seedlings as follows. A conidial suspension of each isolate was diluted to 106 conidia/ml, and 0.2 ml was injected into wounds on three petioles on each of five healthy plants of E. grandis, and control seedlings were injected with sterile water that had been placed on MEA plates. The seedlings were incubated at 25°C in moist chambers. After 3 days, all inoculated E. grandis plants showed dark brown to black discoloration in the leaf axils. After 5 days, leaf wilting was present. C. fimbriata was re-isolated from all inoculated symptomatic tissue. No symptoms were visible in the control plants and no fungus was isolated from them. Ceratocystis wilt was first observed in eucalyptus in 1997 in the state of Bahia. This was followed by a report of C. fimbriata causing wilt of E. grandis in the Republic of Congo, Uganda, and Uruguay (2). Chen et al. reported two species of Ceratocystis, C. acaciivora and a previously undescribed species C. chinaeucensis, from eucalyptus plantations in Guangdong Province in China (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. fimbriata causing wilt of eucalyptus in China. References: (1) S. F. Chen et al. Fungal Diversity 58:267, 2011. (2) F. A. Ferreira et al. Fitopatol. Bras. 24:284, 1999. (3) D. J. Thorpe et al. Phytopathology 95:316, 2005.

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Okwunodulu, Innocent N., Daniel M. Uluocha, and Felicia U. Okwunodulu. "Influence of Plantain and Sprouted Soybean Pastes on the Nutrient and Proximate Composition of Two Species of Cocoyam Puddings as a Complementary Food." Sustainable Food Production 5 (February 2019): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/sfp.5.24.

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The authors evaluated the nutrients and proximate composition of the puddings prepared from ede-ocha (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) and ede-cocoindia (Colocasia esculenta) pastes. Each paste was separately blended with firm ripe plantain, sprouted soybean pastes in the ratio of 100% cocoyam, 90% cocoyam:10% soybean, 25% cocoyam:65% plantain:10%soybean, and 45% cocoyam: 45% plantain 10% soybean and mixed with equal quantities of seasonings. The formulated blends were wrapped in plantain leaves and boiled for 30 minutes. Samples from ede-ocha were marked 101 to 104 and ede-cocoindia from 105 to 108. Values obained showed that pudding from ede-ocha had a higher moisture content (56.25%), protein (4.47%), fat (1.84%), ash (2.57%), crude fiber (2.46%), iron (0.58mg), and calcium (5.12mg) than ede-cocoondia. which had 5.52%, 4.29%, 1.49%, 2.45%, 2.11%, 0.36% and 5.01% respectively. Also, ede-cocoindia had higher carbohydrate {39.28%}, vitamin A precursor {62.90μg}, vitamin C (33.05mg) and zinc (0.35mg) than ede-ocha which had 35.46%, 60.80 μg, 20.50 mg, and 0.32mg respectively. The ede-ocha therefore made a better nutritious pudding than ede-cocoindia.

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Helmkampf, Martin, Thomas K. Wolfgruber, M. Renee Bellinger, Roshan Paudel, Michael B. Kantar, Susan C. Miyasaka, Heather L. Kimball, et al. "Phylogenetic Relationships, Breeding Implications, and Cultivation History of Hawaiian Taro (Colocasia Esculenta) Through Genome-Wide SNP Genotyping." Journal of Heredity 109, no. 3 (August 14, 2017): 272–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esx070.

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Siqueira, Jullyana Rodrigues, Regiane Cristina Oliveira de Freitas Bueno, Adeney de Freitas Bueno, and Simone Silva Vieira. "Preferência hospedeira do parasitoide de ovos Trichogramma pretiosum." Ciência Rural 42, no. 1 (December 20, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782011005000156.

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O sucesso das liberações de Trichogramma spp. depende basicamente do conhecimento das características bioecológicas do parasitoide e da sua interação com o hospedeiro alvo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a preferência hospedeira de T. pretiosum entre os ovos de S. frugiperda, S. albula, S. eridania, A. gemmatalis, P. includens, D. saccharalis e A. kuehniella. Para os testes de preferência, foram instaladas arenas com garrafas de polietileno e, em cada uma delas, foi colocada uma cartela com ovos de duas espécies de hospedeiros e uma fêmea do parasitoide por 24 horas. Os parâmetros avaliados foram o parasitismo (%) e a emergência (%). As fêmeas de T. pretiosum apresentaram preferência pelos ovos de A. kuehniella. No entanto, nos ensaios com A. gemmatalis X P. includens e D. saccharalis X S. frugiperda, não ocorreram diferenças no parasitismo. Assim, pode-se afirmar que, nos teste de livre escolha, na ausência do hospedeiro em que os parasitoides foram multiplicados (A. kuehniella), as fêmeas não apresentaram preferência ao parasitismo, o que indica a existência de condicionamento pré-imaginal do parasitoide. Os resultados da viabilidade dos ovos parasitados por T. pretiosum variaram entre os diferentes hospedeiros testados.

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Tortorella, Guilherme L., and Flávio S. Fogliatto. "Planejamento sistemático de layout com apoio de análise de decisão multicritério." Production 18, no. 3 (December 2008): 609–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-65132008000300015.

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A correta utilização do espaço físico de uma fábrica é fator importante para o seu bom funcionamento, já que estabelece a sua organização fundamental, bem como os padrões de fluxo de materiais e informações, com efeitos que se farão presentes no longo prazo. A fim de sistematizar um adequado planejamento de layout, métodos para planejamento do macroespaço, como o SLP (Systematic Layout Planning - Planejamento Sistemático de Layout), podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de alternativas de layout. Contudo, devido à geração de soluções subótimas com benefícios e desvantagens distintos, o processo decisório da melhor alternativa de layout torna-se crítico para garantir a eficiência e flexibilidade de empresas frente aos diferentes cenários de mercado. Este artigo propõe a utilização de ferramentas de apoio à decisão multicritério em sistemáticas de planejamento de layout, refinando a fase de Seleção do método SLP. A sistemática proposta foi colocada em prática na seleção de alternativas de layout em uma empresa do ramo automotivo, que necessita ampliar seu parque fabril de modo a possibilitar a incorporação de novos equipamentos e otimização do fluxo de materiais. Nove alternativas de macro-layout foram geradas no caso apresentado, sendo avaliada a melhor alternativa geral em relação a sete critérios de avaliação.

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Santos, Letícia Rocha. "Liberdade de gênero e direito ao desenvolvimento." Simpósio Gênero e Políticas Públicas 5, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 707–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/sgpp.2018v5.p707.

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Em um cenário político e social de retrocessos em diversos âmbitos, faz-se necessário refletir sobre o conceito e o alcance do direito ao desenvolvimento. Ao mesmo tempo em que a economia parece ser colocada em primeiro plano, os direitos sociais são negligenciados e as liberdades dos indivíduos são cerceadas. Um dos aspectos dessa liberdade é a liberdade de gênero, que será tratada a partir da perspectiva de teorias feministas e dos estudos de gênero, que possuem maior profundidade no tema. Para trazer elementos da teoria, será estudado o gênero enquanto categoria de análise, compreendendo de que forma seu conceito vem sendo formulado e reestruturado ao longo do tempo por biólogas, sociólogas e filósofas. A partir disso, será questionada a reação social que ocorre quando o indivíduo foge dos moldes pré-estabelecidos na perspectiva de gênero, as possibilidades que esse sujeito tem e os condicionamentos que sofre ao longo da sua vida. A concepção de gênero como construção social e a sua influência sobre a formação de homens e mulheres será tratada a partir da visão especialmente de Simone de Beauvoir e Judith Butler, trazendo elementos da sociologia e da filosofia. Apesar de esses padrões de comportamento e estereótipos atingirem tanto homens quanto mulheres, ressalta-se que os condicionamentos que as pessoas enfrentam ao se tratar do gênero alcançam profundamente as mulheres por limitarem suas liberdades e tentarem restringir sua condição de agentes. Como foi possível observar, o cerceamento da liberdade atinge diversos âmbitos da vida das mulheres e limita o pleno exercício do direito ao desenvolvimento, que será analisado sob a ótica de Amartya Sem. Ressaltando a importância das liberdades pelos indivíduos para a concretização desse direito, o autor traz a proposta de enxergar o mundo e seu desenvolvimento para além das questões econômicas. Também serão trazidos elementos da condição das mulheres no mundo, a fim de perceber como essas teorias se articulam na prática, em uma perspectiva histórica. Ao tratar sobre a lógica do direito ao desenvolvimento, percebe-se essa ligação entre o individual e o coletivo. Em como essas dimensões estão ligadas, na medida que o indivíduo é ensinado e condicionado a partir das experiências coletivas, mas também influencia na construção e reconstrução desse ideal coletivo, em uma perspectiva dialética. Quando se coloca em questão a situação das mulheres, especialmente em relação à concretização do direito ao desenvolvimento em sua perspectiva, faz-se necessário o estudo das intersecções entre o público e o privado, pois as dificuldades sofridas pelas mulheres em âmbito doméstico só são consideradas quando levadas ao espaço público. As reflexões de Amartya Sen permitem pensar sobre o papel do desenvolvimento na sociedade atual, observando a concretização das liberdades como sendo essencial a uma sociedade mais justa.

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Hernández-Morales, Alejandro, María-Dinorah Herrero-Pérezrul, and Daniel-Israel Vázquez-Arce. "Variabilidad en el tamaño y alimentación de Acanthaster planci (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) en el sur del Golfo de California, México." Revista de Biología Tropical 69, Suppl.1 (March 23, 2021): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v69isuppl.1.46352.

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Introducción: Es poco lo que se conoce sobre aspectos biológicos y poblacionales de Acanthaster planci en México. Su tamaño se ha relacionado con la cantidad de alimento que consume, por lo que es relevante conocer esta variable. Objetivo: Describir la variabilidad en el diámetro del disco de la especie y de su alimentación en cuatro sitios al sur del Golfo de California. Métodos: De febrero 2008 a marzo 2009 se visitaron mensualmente los sitios. Se registró el diámetro del disco de un total de 389 individuos observados. El diámetro del disco se midió con una cinta métrica flexible colocada de lado a lado, en el borde donde comienzan los brazos. Para facilitar la descripción, el diámetro del disco se clasificó en tres grupos: pequeños (< 15 cm), medianos (16-25 cm) y grandes (> 26 cm). Del total, 298 organismos se encontraron alimentándose. Se clasificaron los tipos de organismos consumidos en corales duros, otros invertebrados y algas. Para calcular la probabilidad de que individuos del mismo tamaño se alimenten de diferente variedad de organismos, se aplicó el índice de Diversidad de Simpson. Con el fin de detectar diferencias del diámetro del disco entre los meses de estudio y los sitios de muestreo, se aplicó un análisis permutacional de varianza. Resultados: Acanthaster planci tuvo un promedio de diámetro del disco de 18.23 + 0.21 cm, con un mínimo de 7 cm y un máximo de 36 cm. La estructura de tallas fue unimodal y se caracterizó por la predominancia de individuos medianos, seguida por los pequeños y en baja proporción por los grandes. El diámetro del disco fue estadísticamente más grande en febrero y más pequeño en los últimos meses del año. En San Rafaelito se encontraron los ejemplares más grandes y en Ensenada de Muertos los más pequeños. Los individuos de tamaño mediano fueron más frecuentes a lo largo del año y en todos los sitios. Los individuos pequeños se alimentaron significativamente más de Porites panamensis, seguido de algas coralinas y tapetes. Los más grandes tuvieron los valores de diversidad más bajos, más del 90 % de los individuos en este grupo se alimentaron de Pocillopora spp. y algunos de macroalgas. Los medianos presentaron los valores más altos de diversidad y consumieron todos los tipos de alimento encontrados, sin embargo, como era de esperarse, muchos fueron selectivos hacia Pocillopora spp. Conclusiones: Acanthaster planci se considera un individuo de tamaño mediano en el área de estudio. Se detectó una evidente relación entre el diámetro del disco y la diversidad del tipo de alimento. Los tres grupos de tallas fueron positivamente selectivos hacia corales duros; los más pequeños se alimentaron preferentemente de Porites panamensis y en conjunto con los grandes, presentaron valores bajos de diversidad en el tipo de alimento, mientras que los medianos fueron los que consumieron una mayor diversidad de presas.

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Silva, Durval M. da, Franklin Riet-Correa, Rosane M. T. Medeiros, and Odaci F. de Oliveira. "Plantas tóxicas para ruminantes e eqüídeos no Seridó Ocidental e Oriental do Rio Grande do Norte." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26, no. 4 (December 2006): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2006000400007.

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Para determinar a ocorrência de diferentes intoxicações por plantas na região do Seridó Ocidental e Oriental do Rio Grande do Norte foram entrevistadas 82 pessoas, entre produtores e técnicos em 17 municípios. De acordo com esse inquérito as duas intoxicações mais importantes são as por Ipomoea asarifolia, que causa sinais nervosos em ovinos, caprinos e bovinos, e por Aspidosperma pyrifolium que, segundo os entrevistados, causaria abortos em caprinos, ovinos e bovinos. O efeito abortivo desta última planta foi comprovado em caprinos, mas não em bovinos e ovinos. Alguns entrevistados mencionaram, também, a intoxicação por A. pyrifolium como causa de sinais nervosos em bovinos e eqüídeos, o que ainda não foi comprovado. Intoxicações por plantas cianogênicas, incluindo Manihot spp, Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (=Piptadenia macrocarpa), Sorghum bicolor e Sorghum halepense são importantes na região. São importantes, também, as intoxicações por Prosopis juliflora em bovinos e, com menor freqüência, em caprinos, por Crotalaria retusa em eqüinos, ovinos e bovinos e por Mascagnia rigida em bovinos. As intoxicações por Brachiaria decumbens e Enterolobium contortisiliquum ocorrem esporadicamente. Outras intoxicações menos importantes são as causadas por Indigofera suffruticosa, Ipomoea carnea e Ricinus communis. Diversos produtores descreveram a intoxicação por Marsdenia sp afetando ovinos e bovinos, além de um surto em suínos que foram alimentados com as raízes da planta. Foi demonstrado que tanto as raízes da planta quanto as folhas são tóxicas para ruminantes, causando sinais nervosos, mas sem lesões histológicas. Outra intoxicação relatada pelos produtores e comprovada experimentalmente foi a causada por Tephrosia cinerea em ovinos, que causa um quadro clínico de ascite, com lesões de fibrose hepática. Seis produtores descreveram a intoxicação por Nerium oleander, sempre em bovinos que tiveram acesso à planta após esta ter sido cortada e misturada ou não com outras plantas. Os produtores mencionaram, também, as intoxicações por diversas plantas cuja toxicidade em forma espontânea não está comprovada, incluindo Paullinia sp, Passiflora sp, Dalechampia sp, Portulaca oleracea, Luffa acutangula, Cereus sp, Leersia hexandra e Stemodia maritima. Echinochloa polystachya e Pennisetum purpureum, que podem causar intoxicação por nitratos e nitritos, foram mencionadas por alguns produtores com causa de morte em bovinos. Um produtor descreveu um surto de intoxicação em bovinos e caprinos por Dieffenbachia picta que tinha sido cortada e colocada ao alcance dos animais.

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"Cladosporium colocasiae. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 1) (August 1, 1988). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20056500592.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cladosporium colocasiae Sawada. Hosts: Colocasia esculenta, C. antiquorum and other Colocasia spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Mauritius, Nigeria, ASIA, Brunei, China ,: Sichuan, Hong Kong, India, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Indonesia, West Irian, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Fiji, Hawaii, New, Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tahiti, Vanuatu, EUROPE, Azores, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Barbados, Puerto Rico.

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32

V., Sumbula, Sally K. Mathew, and Mini Raj N. "Host range of Phytophthora sp. causing leaf fall disease of nutmeg(Myristica fragrans Houtt.)." Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research 50, no. 6 (December 7, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijare.v50i6.6684.

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Leaf fall disease caused by Phytophthora sp. has become a serious problem in major nutmeg growing areas of Kerala during South - West monsoon period. Host range study was carried out to find out the infectivity of Phytophthora isolates of nutmeg on other known hosts of Phytophthora spp. including arecanut, coconut, cocoa, rubber, black pepper, cardamom, camboge, vanilla, rose, coreopsis, eucalyptus, colocasia and citrus. Phytophthora isolates of nutmeg showed characteristic symptoms on rubber, vanilla, rose, coreopsis, eucalyptus and citrus, whereas, cocoa, black pepper and colocasia developed hypersensitive reaction and the pathogen failed to cause infection on arecanut, coconut, cardamom and camboge.

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Aniedu, C. "Development Of Secondary Food Forms Of Cocoyams (Colocasia spp)." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (February 5, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v4i2.33780.

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Oktavianingsih, Linda, E. Suharyanto, Budi Setiadi Daryono, and Purnomo Purnomo. "Traditional Usages of Taro (Colocasia spp.) by Ethnic Communities in Borneo." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 9, no. 2 (July 10, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i2.9956.

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Borneo has a a wealth of various flora, including the Aroids (Araceae). Taro is one of the Aroids that cultivated and used as food crop since a long time ago by the people in Borneo. This study aimed to determine the diversity and utilization of taros traditionally by several ethnic communities in Borneo. The research used Survey Explorative Method with Direct Interview Technique in the field. Taro samples were taken from various habitats of ethnic Banjar, Dayak, Kutai, Malay, Bugis, Toraja and China. The results showed that taro species widely used are : Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta and var. antiquorum, Colocasia affinis and wild of Colocasia esculenta. C. esculenta var. esculenta and var. antiquorum is used as subsistence food crop and vegetables. Besides, it is used as medicine such as high blood pressure lowering and for consumption of diabetics. Parts of the plants consumed include leaves, petiole, corm and stolon. C. affinis is used as ornamental plants of the home garden, while wild C. esculenta is used as animal fodder. Taro in Borneo have a considerable variation of traditional cultivars and vernacular names. Fifty eight traditional cultivars from 5 different habitat to be used by some ethnics.

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35

"Stictococcus vayssierei. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, No.December (August 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20153427322.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Stictococcus vayssierei Richard. Hemiptera: Stictococcidae. Hosts: cassava (Manihot esculenta), taro (Colocasia esculenta), yam (Dioscorea spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Uganda).

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"Phytophthora colocasiae. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 3) (August 1, 1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500466.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phytophthora colocasiae Racib. Fungi: Oomycota: Peronosporales Hosts: Mainly Colocasia and Xanthosoma spp., also rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), Piper betle, Vinca rosea. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hebei, Hubei Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hong Kong, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Japan, Honshu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, AFRICA, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Seychelles, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Hawaii, North Carolina, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Dominican Republic, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands.

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Degefa, Itefa. "Agricultural Practices and Traditional Preservation of Taro (Colocasia spp.) in Abaya Woreda, Southern Ethiopia." Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology 7, no. 5 (December 20, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2017.07.555723.

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"Dasheen mosaic potyvirus. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 1) (August 1, 1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500751.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Dasheen mosaic potyvirus Viruses: Potyviridae: Potyvirus Hosts: Colocasia esculenta, Xanthosoma spp. and other Araceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Mainland Italy, Netherlands, UK, ASIA, China, Guangdong, India, Japan, Honshu, Taiwan, AFRICA, Cameroon, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, NORTH AMERICA, USA, California, Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Louisiana, Nebraska, South Carolina, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Sao Paulo, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, Queensland, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Kiribati, New Zealand, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga.

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Nwite, JC, KA Eke, and BA Essien. "Effects of difference sources of organic manure on Cocoyam (Colocasia spp) production in Ishiagu lowlands, Ebonyi state." Nigeria Agricultural Journal 39, no. 1 (March 2, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/naj.v39i1.3285.

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Sá, Andresa Renata Alves, Macilene Barbosa de Lima, Emerson Iago Garcia e. Silva, Marianne Louise Marinho Mendes, and Cristhiane Maria Bazílio de Omena Messias. "Caracterização físico-química e nutricional de farinhas obtidas de inhame (Dioscorea spp.) e taro (Colocasia esculenta) comercializados em Petrolina-PE." Saúde (Santa Maria) 3, no. 44 (January 11, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236583433647.

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Objetivo: Caracterizar, sob análises físico-químicas e cálculos nutricionais, farinhas obtidas de inhame e taro comercializadas na cidade de Petrolina, localizada no interior de Pernambuco. Metodologia: Amostras de inhame (Dioscorea spp.) e taro (Colocasia esculenta) foram obtidas em estabelecimentos comerciais da cidade de Petrolina-PE. Posterior as etapas de sanitização, as amostras foram submetidas um processamento de trituração até obtenção de massa viscosa, sendo então, submetidas a secagem em estufa a 60°C até a completa desidratação. Posteriormente foram peneiradas e mantidas em sacos de polietileno até as análises físico-químicas. Cada farinha foi avaliada isoladamente quanto a composição centesimal e nutricional, incluindo valor calórico. Resultados: Padrões desejáveis nos componentes físico-químicos das farinhas dos dois “tubérculos” foram observados. A farinha de inhame apresentou superioridade entre os teores de proteína (p< 0.0001), fibra (p<0.0002) e amido (p<0.0003) em relação a farinha de taro. Enquanto, os teores de pH (p< 0.0001), lipídeos (p<0.0078), carboidratos (p< 0.0001), atividade de água (p<0.0001) e valor calórico (p<0.0053) foram maiores na farinha de taro. Conclusão: Ambas farinhas apresentaram perspectivas nutricionais relevantes, diferenciando em relação a determinados constituintes físico-químicos.

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Tasi, Alexander, and Adam Dale. "Taro Planthopper Tarophagus colocasiae (Matsumura) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Delphacidae: Delphacinae)." EDIS 2021, no. 2 (April 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-in1294-2020.

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The taro planthopper, Tarophagus colocasiae (Matsumura), is a sap feeding insect in the family Delphacidae. It primary host plant is taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) Originally native to Southeast Asia, Indonesia, and islands in the Pacific Ocean, Tarophagus colocasiae was first discovered in the continental United States at a garden center in Winter Haven, FL in 2015. The economic impacts of Tarophagus colocasiae in Florida are currently unknown, but it may affect the aesthetic value and saleability of nursery and landscape plants. Also published on the Featured Creatures website at http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/tarophagus_colocasiae.html

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Geoffroy, Alexandre, Hervé Sanguin, Antoine Galiana, and Amadou Bâ. "Molecular Characterization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in an Agroforestry System Reveals the Predominance of Funneliformis spp. Associated with Colocasia esculenta and Pterocarpus officinalis Adult Trees and Seedlings." Frontiers in Microbiology 8 (July 28, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01426.

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Amorim, Isabela Pedroni, João Paulo Naldi Silva, and Claudio José Barbedo. "As sementes de Eugenia spp. (Myrtaceae) e seus novos conceitos sobre propagação." Hoehnea 47 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-29/2020.

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RESUMO O comportamento padrão esperado para as sementes, seja por leigos ou mesmo especialistas no assunto, é o de uma estrutura seca que, colocada em meio com suficiente disponibilidade de água, germina e produz uma nova planta, preservando a espécie. Contudo, há um gigantesco número de espécies que possuem sementes com comportamento totalmente diferente. Sementes que não podem sequer serem secas, denominadas recalcitrantes, são dispersas úmidas no meio e, ao longo da evolução das espécies, desenvolveram sistemas alternativos àqueles padrões esperados. Nesta revisão, procuramos demonstrar um dos mais complexos e interessantes sistemas de preservação de espécies com sementes recalcitrantes, nas espécies do gênero Eugenia, da família Myrtaceae. São abordados tanto a capacidade em regenerar embriões a partir de tecidos cotiledonares, quanto o controle extremamente eficiente em não desperdiçar material de reserva, evitando germinações simultâneas na mesma semente. Neste controle parecem estar envolvidas as espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs), que também são revistas neste artigo.

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Asumugha, VU, and BC Uwalaka. "Chemical and organoleptic evaluation of snacks developed from cocoyam (Colocasis esculenta. xanthosoma mafafa) and wheat (triticum spp.) composite flours." Nigeria Agricultural Journal 31, no. 1 (January 12, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/naj.v31i1.49346.

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Brennecke, Kathery, Vera Lucia Monelli Sossai, Flávia Maria Ferraz, and Bruno Almeida Carmelindo. "Efeito de doses de herbicida inibidor de fotossitema II em plântulas de Brachiaria decumbens spp." Revista Agrogeoambiental 7, no. 4 (July 14, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.18406/2316-1817v7n42015786.

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Por meio deste trabalho buscou-se avaliar o controle de sementes Brachiaria decumbens com o uso de diferentes doses de herbicida pré-emergente. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Fitotecnia da Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco, foram utilizadas sementes de Brachiaria decumbens, submetidas a quatro tratamentos com quatro repetições, sendo doses de (0, 500, 1000 e 1500 mg.L-1) do herbicida, sendo dispostos no delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Como Herbicida, foi utilizado o produto Combine* 500 SC que, e em sua composição tem-se (5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,3-dimethylurea, Tebutiurom 500 g/L (50,0% m/v). As sementes foram imersas por 2 horas respectivamente em suas dosagens, após isso foram separas e colocas em papel de germitest. Logo em seguida os papéis foram enrolados e levados ao germinador com temperatura variando de 25 a 30ºC por um período de 14 dias. Ao quatorze dia de germinação foi feita a contagem da porcentagem de plântulas germinadas e leitura do comprimento da parte aérea e raiz, onde foi constatada que todas as variáveis foram afetadas pelo aumento das dosagens do herbicida Combine. A subdose aumentou o crescimento da parte aérea das plântulas.

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Li, Xue, Ruiqi Zhang, Kecheng Xu, Jie Li, Yu Zhang, and Qiong Huang. "First Report of Ceratocystis changhui Causing Postharvest Fruit Rot of Peach in Kunming, China." Plant Disease, November 19, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-20-1492-pdn.

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The peach (Prunus persica (L) Batsch) is a predominant commercially grown stone fruit in China (Lee et al. 1990). Ceratocystis changhui is an aggressive pathogen causing typical black rot symptoms on corms of taro (Colocasia esculenta) (Liu et al. 2018), it has not been reported on other hosts. During the summer and autumn of 2013, a postharvest fruit rot disease was observed on several peaches at a farmer's market (N 25°02′; E 102°42′) in Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China. The incidence of the disease varied from 5 to 20%. Necrotic spots were first observed on the infected peach fruit (Prunus persica cv. shuimitao). The spots enlarged gradually and developed into a brown, water-soaked and rotted lesion. Eventually, the whole fruit became soft, rotted and covered with a gray-brown mycelium (Fig. 1 A, B). The isolates were obtained from the symptomatic tissues incubated on slices of fresh carrot root (Moller et al. 1968). After 5 to 10 days of incubation, perithecia and mycelium were observed growing on carrot slices. Spore masses were removed from the apices of perithecia, transferred to potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) and incubated at 25°C for 5 to 10 days, followed by single-spore isolation. All eight single-spore isolates from peach fruits obtained in this study were deposited in the State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, China. In culture, mycelium was initially white, gradually turned to greyish-green or brown (Fig. 1E, F). Measurements were made 7 days after the formation of perithecia. Perithecia (Fig. 1G) were black, globose, 185.71 to 305.56 μm × 142.86 to 264.29 µm and showed a long black neck, 600 to 957.14 µm (Fig. 1H). Ascospores (Fig. 1I) were helmet-hat shaped and 2.86 to 6.67 µm ×3.81 to 4.76 µm. Cylindrical conidia (Fig. 1J) 6.67 to 38. 95 µm × 2.86 to7.62 µm were observed. Chlamydospore (Fig. 1K), 8.57 to 13.33 μm × 5.71 to 9.52 μm, were ovoid or obpyriform, smooth. To further verify pathogen identity the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using primers ITS1F and ITS4 (Thorpe et al. 2005), and the total genomic DNA from the mycelia of ﬁve isolates was extracted using a CTAB method (Lee &Taylor 1990). The nucleotide sequences have been blasted and deposited in the GenBank database. Analysis of the ITS sequences from the isolates T1-1yp, T1-2yp, T2-1yp (GenBank accession no. KY580895-KY580897) showed 99% to 100% similarity with isolates C. changhui CMW43272 (KY643886), CMW43281 (KY643884), CMW46112 (KY643891) and CMW46113 (KY643892) from taro in China. Phylogenetic trees based on the maximum-likelihood (ML) method were constructed using MEGA 7. ITS sequences of other Ceratocystis spp. were attained from NCBI for comparative analysis (Liu et al. 2018), and Davidsoniella virescens (CMW11164) served as outgroup. The robustness of ML tree was evaluated with 1,000 bootstrap (BS) values. The pathogen was identified as C. changhui based on the phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 2). Three isolates (T1-1yp, T1-2yp, T2-1yp) were used for pathogenicity. Nine Prunus persica cv. yingzuitao fruits at early maturity (8 points out of 10) were wound inoculated with 200μL conidia suspension of the fungus (approximately 2.0 × 106 conidia / mL). Degreasing cotton dipped in sterile water was used to raise the humidity in preservation boxes. Boxes were incubated for 10 days at 25°C. Three peaches as controls were treated only with sterile distilled water in the same way. Symptoms of sunken lesions and fruit rot were observed two days after inoculation, and measured at 1.8 to 3.2 cm from the inoculation point within 5 days (Fig. 1C: right, D). The same pathogen was re-isolated from them confirming Koch’s postulates. Control peaches remained symptomless. This fungus was morphologically and phylogenetically identified as C. changhui. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. changhui on postharvest peach in Yunnan, China. The disease will affect quality and taste of peach, so it is critical to deploy appropriate management strategies to limit the fungus spread.

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Waschinewski, Susane Costa, and Giani Rabelo. "APROVAR PARA MODERNIZAR: PRIMEIRO PLANO ESTADUAL DE EDUCAÇÃO DE SANTA CATARINA (1969/1980) E O SISTEMA DE AVANÇO PROGRESSIVO." Revista Tempos e Espaços em Educação, August 8, 2019, 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20952/revtee.v12i30.9384.

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Este artigo é um dos resultados do projeto de pesquisa denominado Desenvolvimento, Educação e Planejamento em Santa Catarina (1955-2010), que teve como objetivo central analisar a trajetória e a relação entre os planos nacionais e estaduais de educação com os planos nacionais e estaduais de desenvolvimento, bem como suas orientações para a formulação das políticas públicas educacionais em Santa Catarina. Tem como objetivo discutir a interface entre esses planos no que se refere aos investimentos na educação, tanto na esfera nacional e estadual, e a política do Sistema de Avanço Progressivo (SAP), que previa a redução dos altos índices de evasão e repetência no estado catarinense, colocada em prática entre os anos de 1960 até o início dos anos de 1980. Em Santa Catarina o SAP, apesar de ser concebido como uma proposta pedagógica capaz de diminuir os elevados índices de reprovação, foi utilizado como forma de contenção de gastos, permitindo a passagem mais rápida dos alunos pelo sistema educacional sem a preocupação efetiva com o desempenho escolar dos alunos.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Colocasia spp'

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