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Journal articles on the topic 'Colloidal Probes'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Singh, Gurvinder, Kristen E. Bremmell, Hans J. Griesser, and Peter Kingshott. "Colloid-probe AFM studies of the interaction forces of proteins adsorbed on colloidal crystals." Soft Matter 11, no. 16 (2015): 3188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm02669a.

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2

Witt, Hannes, Filip Savić, Sarah Verbeek, Jörn Dietz, Gesa Tarantola, Marieelen Oelkers, Burkhard Geil, and Andreas Janshoff. "Membrane fusion studied by colloidal probes." European Biophysics Journal 50, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00249-020-01490-5.

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AbstractMembrane-coated colloidal probes combine the benefits of solid-supported membranes with a more complex three-dimensional geometry. This combination makes them a powerful model system that enables the visualization of dynamic biological processes with high throughput and minimal reliance on fluorescent labels. Here, we want to review recent applications of colloidal probes for the study of membrane fusion. After discussing the advantages and disadvantages of some classical vesicle-based fusion assays, we introduce an assay using optical detection of fusion between membrane-coated glass microspheres in a quasi two-dimensional assembly. Then, we discuss free energy considerations of membrane fusion between supported bilayers, and show how colloidal probes can be combined with atomic force microscopy or optical tweezers to access the fusion process with even greater detail.

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3

Duncan, Gregg A., D. Howard Fairbrother, and Michael A. Bevan. "Diffusing colloidal probes of cell surfaces." Soft Matter 12, no. 21 (2016): 4731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm02637g.

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4

Beesley, J. E. "Colloidal gold probes for parasite antigens." Parasitology Today 1, no. 5 (November 1985): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(85)90061-4.

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5

Duncan, Gregg A., and Michael A. Bevan. "Diffusing Colloidal Probes of Cell Surfaces." Biophysical Journal 108, no. 2 (January 2015): 485a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.2654.

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6

Dolata, Benjamin E., and Roseanna N. Zia. "Non-equilibrium pair interactions in colloidal dispersions." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 836 (December 12, 2017): 694–739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.789.

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We study non-equilibrium pair interactions between microscopic particles moving through a model shear-thinning fluid. Prior efforts to model pair interactions in non-Newtonian fluids have largely focused on constitutive models derived from polymer-chain kinetic theories focusing on conformational degrees of freedom, but neglecting the details of microstructural evolution beyond a single polymer length scale. To elucidate the role of strong structural distortion in mediating pair interactions in Brownian suspensions, we formulate and solve a Smoluchowski equation describing the detailed evolution of the particle configuration between and around a pair of microscopic probes driven at fixed velocity by an external force through a colloidal dispersion. To facilitate analysis, we choose a model system of Brownian hard spheres that do not interact hydrodynamically; while simple, this ‘freely draining’ model permits insight into connections between microstructure and rheology. The flow induces a non-equilibrium particle density gradient that gives rise to both viscous drag and an interactive force between the probes. The drag force acts to slow the centre-of-mass velocity of the pair, while the interactive force arising from osmotic pressure gradients can lead to attraction or repulsion, as well as deterministic reorientation of the probes relative to the external force. The degree to which the microstructure is distorted, and the shape of that distortion, depend on the arrangement of the probes relative to one another and their orientation to the driving force. It also depends on the magnitude of probe velocity relative to the Brownian velocity of the suspension. When only thermal fluctuations set probe velocity, the equilibrium depletion attraction is recovered. For weak forcing, long-ranged interactions mediated via the bath-particle flux give rise to entropic forces on the probes. The linear response is a viscous drag that slows forward motion; only the weakly nonlinear response can produce relative motion–attraction, repulsion or reorientation of the probes. We derive entropic coupling tensors, similar in ethos to pair hydrodynamic tensors, to describe this behaviour. The structural symmetry that permits this analogy is lost when forcing becomes strong, revealing instabilities in system behaviour. Far from equilibrium, the interactive force depends explicitly on the initial probe separation, orientation and strength of forcing; widely spaced probes interact through the distorted microstructure, whereas the behaviour of closely spaced probes is largely set by excluded-volume effects. In this regime, a pair of closely spaced probes sedimenting side-by-side tend to attract and reorient to permit alignment of their line-of-centres with the flow, while widely spaced probes fall without reorienting. Our results show qualitative agreement with experimental observations and provide a potential connection to the observed column instability in shear-thinning fluids.

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7

Webster, Paul. "Preparation of Protein a Gold." Microscopy Today 5, no. 5 (June 1997): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500061563.

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Colloidal gold has been used for centuries in the preparation of stained glass for windows and fine glassware. In recent years, colloidal gold particles have become a useful tool in microscopy for staining tissues and sections. Colloidal gold particles are especially useful for biological electron microscopy, Some of the reasons why are listed below.*Homogeneous preparations of particles varying in size from 3μm to 20μm can be easily prepared.*Colloidal gold suspensions are inexpensive to prepare. Most proteins can be easily coupled to colloidal gold particles.*Most proteins can be easily coupled to colloidal gold particles.*Proteins coupled to gold particles do not appear to lose their biological activity.*The colloidal gold particles can be easily seen in the electron microscope.*Colloidal gold does not naturally occur in biological material. Therefore, if you see it, it is because you put it there.*Colloidal gold probes can be used for light microscopy, The larger gold particles can be directly observed by the light microscope. Small particles are detected by silver enhancement or epipolarized illumination.*The same probes can be used for both LM and TEM imrnunocytochemistry.

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8

Eichmann, Shannon L., Gulsum Meric, Julia C. Swavola, and Michael A. Bevan. "Diffusing Colloidal Probes of Protein–Carbohydrate Interactions." Langmuir 29, no. 7 (February 4, 2013): 2299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la304355t.

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9

Daboss, Sven, Peter Knittel, Christoph E. Nebel, and Christine Kranz. "Multifunctional Boron‐Doped Diamond Colloidal AFM Probes." Small 15, no. 48 (July 2, 2019): 1902099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201902099.

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10

Cao, Cuong, and Sang Jun Sim. "Preparation of Highly Stable Oligo(ethylene glycol) Derivatives-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles and Their Application in LSPR-Based Detection of PSA/ACT Complex." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 3754–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.009.

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A sandwich immunoassay for PSA/ACT complex detection based on gold nanoparticle aggregation using two probes was developed. The functionalized colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) showed highly stable not only in the presence of high ionic strength but also in a wide pH range. The functionalized AuNPs were tagged with PSA/ACT complex monoclonal antibody and goat PSA polyclonal antibody and served as the probes to induce aggregation of the colloidal particles. As a result, PSA/ACT complex was detected at concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml. This is the first time that a new aggregation sandwich-immunoassay technique using two gold probes has been used, and the results are generally applicable to other LSPR-based immunoassays.

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11

Cao, Cuong, and Sang Jun Sim. "Preparation of Highly Stable Oligo(ethylene glycol) Derivatives-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles and Their Application in LSPR-Based Detection of PSA/ACT Complex." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 3754–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.18066.

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A sandwich immunoassay for PSA/ACT complex detection based on gold nanoparticle aggregation using two probes was developed. The functionalized colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) showed highly stable not only in the presence of high ionic strength but also in a wide pH range. The functionalized AuNPs were tagged with PSA/ACT complex monoclonal antibody and goat PSA polyclonal antibody and served as the probes to induce aggregation of the colloidal particles. As a result, PSA/ACT complex was detected at concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml. This is the first time that a new aggregation sandwich-immunoassay technique using two gold probes has been used, and the results are generally applicable to other LSPR-based immunoassays.

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12

Rettke, David, Florian Seufert, Julia Döring, Kai Ostermann, Dimitri Wilms, Stephan Schmidt, and Tilo Pompe. "Biomimetic estrogen sensor based on soft colloidal probes." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 192 (November 2021): 113506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2021.113506.

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13

Bahukudumbi, Pradipkumar, and Michael A. Bevan. "Imaging energy landscapes with concentrated diffusing colloidal probes." Journal of Chemical Physics 126, no. 24 (June 28, 2007): 244702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2739548.

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14

Wang, Bao Le, L. Scopsi, M. Hartvig Nielsen, and L. I. Larsson. "Simplified purification and testing of colloidal gold probes." Histochemistry 83, no. 2 (1985): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00495139.

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15

Hüttl, Grit, Volker Klemm, Roswitha Popp, Frank Simon, and Eberhard Müller. "Tailored colloidal AFM probes and their TEM investigation." Surface and Interface Analysis 33, no. 2 (February 2002): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.1160.

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16

Buzio, R., and U. Valbusa. "Interfacial stiffness and adhesion of randomly rough contacts probed by elastomer colloidal AFM probes." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 20, no. 35 (August 11, 2008): 354014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/20/35/354014.

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17

Vasilyev, Oleg A., Olivier Bénichou, Carlos Mejía-Monasterio, Eric R. Weeks, and Gleb Oshanin. "Cooperative behavior of biased probes in crowded interacting systems." Soft Matter 13, no. 41 (2017): 7617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm00865a.

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We study, via extensive numerical simulations, dynamics of a crowded mixture of mutually interacting (with a short-range repulsive potential) colloidal particles immersed in a suspending solvent, acting as a heat bath.

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18

Xu, Ke, and Yuzhe Liu. "Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 13 (November 3, 2022): 1256–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.13.104.

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As a tool that can test insulators' surface morphology and properties, the performance index of atomic force microscope (AFM) probes is the most critical factor in determining the resolution of microscopy, and the performance of probes varies in various modes and application requirements. This paper reviews the latest research results in metal, carbon nanotube, and colloidal probes and reviews their related methods and techniques, analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the improved probes compared with ordinary probes by comparing the differences in spatial resolution, sensitivity, imaging, and other performance aspects, and finally provides an outlook on the future development of AFM probes. This paper promotes the development of AFM probes in the direction of new probes and further promotes the broader and deeper application of scanning probe microscope (SPM).

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19

Everett, W. Neil, Hung-Jen Wu, Samartha G. Anekal, Hung-Jue Sue, and Michael A. Bevan. "Diffusing Colloidal Probes of Protein and Synthetic Macromolecule Interactions." Biophysical Journal 92, no. 3 (February 2007): 1005–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.106.094102.

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20

Everett, W. Neil, Daniel J. Beltran-Villegas, and Michael A. Bevan. "Concentrated Diffusing Colloidal Probes of Ca2+-Dependent Cadherin Interactions." Langmuir 26, no. 24 (December 21, 2010): 18976–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la1038443.

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21

Wu, Hung-Jen, W. Neil Everett, Samartha G. Anekal, and Michael A. Bevan. "Mapping Patterned Potential Energy Landscapes with Diffusing Colloidal Probes." Langmuir 22, no. 16 (August 2006): 6826–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la060501j.

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22

Kutnyanszky, Edit, and G. Julius Vancso. "Nanomechanical properties of polymer brushes by colloidal AFM probes." European Polymer Journal 48, no. 1 (January 2012): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.09.008.

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23

Vakarelski, Ivan U., Judy Lee, Raymond R. Dagastine, Derek Y. C. Chan, Geoffrey W. Stevens, and Franz Grieser. "Bubble Colloidal AFM Probes Formed from Ultrasonically Generated Bubbles." Langmuir 24, no. 3 (February 2008): 603–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la7032059.

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24

Duncan, Gregg A., Sharon Gerecht, D. Howard Fairbrother, and Michael A. Bevan. "Diffusing Colloidal Probes of kT-Scale Biomaterial–Cell Interactions." Langmuir 32, no. 46 (November 7, 2016): 12212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03302.

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25

Ryu, Sangjin, and Christian Franck. "In Situ Hydrodynamic Lateral Force Calibration of AFM Colloidal Probes." Langmuir 27, no. 21 (November 2011): 13390–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la201033e.

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26

Wein, Ondřej. "Convective diffusion from strip-like micro-probes into colloidal suspensions." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 53, no. 9-10 (April 2010): 1856–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.01.003.

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27

Gan, Yang, and George V. Franks. "Cleaning AFM colloidal probes by mechanically scrubbing with supersharp “brushes”." Ultramicroscopy 109, no. 8 (July 2009): 1061–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.03.019.

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28

Buzio, Renato, Alessandro Bosca, Silke Krol, Diego Marchetto, Sergio Valeri, and Ugo Valbusa. "Deformation and Adhesion of Elastomer Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Colloidal AFM Probes." Langmuir 23, no. 18 (August 2007): 9293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la700941c.

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29

Russel, William B. "Concentrated Colloidal Dispersions." MRS Bulletin 16, no. 8 (August 1991): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400056293.

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The rheology of dispersions often appears to be extraordinarily complex since these materials traverse all states of matter from simple Newtonian fluids to Hookean solids. Highly nonlinear viscoplastic or viscoelastic responses, with persistent time dependence, often frustrate attempts to address the mechanics without attempting to characterize the composition or understand the thermodynamics. The difficulty lies in the sensitivity of the stresses to the microstructure, which in turn depends on the interparticle forces and the deformation history.However, combining rheological measurements with other probes of the structure can permit one to anticipate the response under different conditions and, sometimes, to elucidate the relevant forces. Even better, one may learn to manipulate the composition to obtain the rheology desired for a specific process or a particular product, such as thickeners for coatings. The key lies in linking the composition, interparticle forces, and rheology. This review illustrates the current knowledge of those relationships and identifies some sources, from which the bulk of the content comes for those who wish to pursue the subject further.This brief treatment first surveys phase behavior and interparticle forces. These concepts, combined with dimensional analysis and simple ideas from statistical mechanics, motivate correlations of data for well-characterized, stable dispersions and both weakly and strongly flocculated dispersions.

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30

Sundaravadivelu Devarajan, Dinesh, and Rajesh Khare. "Linear viscoelasticity of nanocolloidal suspensions from probe rheology molecular simulations." Journal of Rheology 66, no. 5 (September 2022): 837–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/8.0000445.

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We use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in conjunction with the probe rheology technique to investigate the linear viscoelasticity of nanocolloidal suspensions. A particulate model of the solvent is used in which the hydrodynamics is governed by interparticle interactions. Active and passive probe rheology molecular simulations are performed on the colloidal suspensions of different volume fractions ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] to determine the linear viscoelastic properties of these systems. The viscoelastic modulus of the suspensions is obtained by analyzing the probe motion using continuum mechanics. In active rheology, the distribution of colloid particles around the probe is observed to be symmetric indicating that the system is in the linear regime at all conditions investigated. In passive rheology, the mean-squared displacement of the probe covers the range of motion from ballistic to diffusive regimes. The dynamic modulus and the reduced complex viscosity values obtained from probe rheology simulations are in good agreement with the results from the oscillatory nonequilibrium MD (NEMD) simulations and the literature theoretical predictions. At low frequency values, accounting for artificial hydrodynamic interactions between the probe and its periodic images improves the quantitative accuracy of the modulus values obtained from simulations. Simulations carried out using probes of different sizes indicate that only the probes that are larger than the colloids yield viscoelastic modulus values that are in good agreement with the NEMD values at all volume fractions investigated.

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31

Мочалов, К. Е., Д. О. Соловьева, А. Е. Ефимов, Д. В. Клинов, and В. А. Олейников. "Высокоэффективные воспроизводимые зонды для спектроскопии комбинационного рассеяния с усилением на острие (TERS)." Письма в журнал технической физики 46, no. 21 (2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2020.21.50195.18374.

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The principal limitation of the use of the Tip Enhanced Raman Scattering spectroscopy (TERS) is due to the lack of reliable scanning probes. The paper presents a simple technique for the fabrication of cantilever-based TERS-probes with highly reproducible characteristics, high performance, reliable and giving sufficient enhancement. The technique is based on the modification of standard scanning probe microscope contilevers by plasma etching and the subsequent formation of a TERS-amplifying region on the tip of probe by deposition of colloidal nanoparticles by dielectrophoresis.

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32

Shang, Jing, Ruonan Gao, Fu Su, Huaguang Wang, and Dan Zhu. "Colloidal Probes of PNIPAM-Grafted SiO2 in Studying the Microrheology of Thermally Sensitive Microgel Suspensions." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (January 13, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3971953.

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The complex rheology and the phase behavior of thermally sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels have been investigated in both the swollen and collapsed states by using microrheology. To avoid the interactions between the tracer probes and the PNIPAM microgels, such as the adsorption or the depletion effect, the probes of silica (SiO2) particles have been grafted with PNIPAM chains (SiO2-PNIPAM) and characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The successful preparation of SiO2-PNIPAM has also been proved by the investigation of the particle size and morphology with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) below and beyond the phase transition temperature of PNIPAM. The microrheology of the PNIPAM microgel suspension has been investigated by using the prepared SiO2-PNIPAM particles as microrheological probes, and the results show that the diffusive coefficient of the probes in the swollen state is one-fifth of that in the collapsed state, and the viscosity of the PNIPAM microgel suspension in the swollen state is four times higher than that in the collapsed state, indicating SiO2-PNIPAM is a good probe in the microrheological study of PNIPAM microgel suspensions.

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33

Howes, Philip D., Rona Chandrawati, and Molly M. Stevens. "Colloidal nanoparticles as advanced biological sensors." Science 346, no. 6205 (October 2, 2014): 1247390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1247390.

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Colloidal nanoparticle biosensors have received intense scientific attention and offer promising applications in both research and medicine. We review the state of the art in nanoparticle development, surface chemistry, and biosensing mechanisms, discussing how a range of technologies are contributing toward commercial and clinical translation. Recent examples of success include the ultrasensitive detection of cancer biomarkers in human serum and in vivo sensing of methyl mercury. We identify five key materials challenges, including the development of robust mass-scale nanoparticle synthesis methods, and five broader challenges, including the use of simulations and bioinformatics-driven experimental approaches for predictive modeling of biosensor performance. The resultant generation of nanoparticle biosensors will form the basis of high-performance analytical assays, effective multiplexed intracellular sensors, and sophisticated in vivo probes.

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34

Hassan, P. A., K. Bhattacharya, S. K. Kulshreshtha, and S. R. Raghavan. "Microrheology of Wormlike Micellar Fluids from the Diffusion of Colloidal Probes." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 109, no. 18 (May 2005): 8744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0442807.

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35

Yang, Seungho, Huan Zhang, and Stephen M. Hsu. "Correction of Random Surface Roughness on Colloidal Probes in Measuring Adhesion." Langmuir 23, no. 3 (January 2007): 1195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la0622828.

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36

Seopsi, L., L. I. Larsson, L. Bastholm, and M. Hartvig Nielsen. "Silver-enhanced colloidal gold probes as markers for scanning electron microscopy." Histochemistry 86, no. 1 (1986): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00492343.

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37

Beesley, J. E., and M. P. Betts. "Colloidal gold probes for the identification of virus particles: An appraisal." Micron and Microscopica Acta 18, no. 4 (January 1987): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0739-6260(87)90030-x.

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38

Yapici, Murat Kaya, and Jun Zou. "Microfabrication of colloidal scanning probes with controllable tip radii of curvature." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 19, no. 10 (September 22, 2009): 105021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/19/10/105021.

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39

Indrieri, M., A. Podestà, G. Bongiorno, D. Marchesi, and P. Milani. "Adhesive-free colloidal probes for nanoscale force measurements: Production and characterization." Review of Scientific Instruments 82, no. 2 (February 2011): 023708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3553499.

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40

Kain, Lukas, Orestis G. Andriotis, Peter Gruber, Martin Frank, Marica Markovic, David Grech, Vedran Nedelkovski, Martin Stolz, Aleksandr Ovsianikov, and Philipp J. Thurner. "Calibration of colloidal probes with atomic force microscopy for micromechanical assessment." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 85 (September 2018): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.05.026.

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41

Elliott, Edith, and Clive Dennison. "Analysis of colloidal gold probes by isoelectric focusing in agarose gels." Analytical Biochemistry 186, no. 1 (April 1990): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(90)90571-p.

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42

Djabourov, M., Y. Grillon, and J. Leblond. "The sol-gel transition in gelatin viewed by diffusing colloidal probes." Polymer Gels and Networks 3, no. 4 (January 1995): 407–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0966-7822(94)00012-3.

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43

Campbell, Adrian, and P. Somasundaran. "Use of Pyrene Spectroscopic Probes in the Study of Colloidal Systems." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 229, no. 1 (September 2000): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2000.7004.

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44

Yokota, S. "Effect of particle size on labeling density for catalase in protein A-gold immunocytochemistry." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 36, no. 1 (January 1988): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/36.1.3335766.

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Effect of particle size on labeling intensity in protein A-gold immunocytochemistry was studied. Catalase labeling of rat liver peroxisomes was used as a labeling model. Ultra-thin sections of Lowicryl K4M-embedded rat liver were stained for catalase with protein A-gold (pAg) probes. Five different sizes of colloidal gold probes, from 5 nm to 38 nm in diameter, were prepared. Labeling intensity decreased as the particle size of the pAg probes increased. The highest labeling was obtained by the 5-nm pAg probe and the lowest by the 38-nm pAg probe. Quantitative analysis also showed that labeling density was inversely proportional to the size of gold particles. The results suggest that the pAg probe with small gold particles has high sensitivity.

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45

Bian, Feika, Lingyu Sun, Lijun Cai, Yu Wang, and Yuanjin Zhao. "Bioinspired MXene-integrated colloidal crystal arrays for multichannel bioinformation coding." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 37 (August 31, 2020): 22736–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011660117.

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Information coding strategies are becoming increasingly crucial due to the storage demand brought by the information explosion. In particular, bioinformation coding has attracted great attention for its advantages of excellent storage capacity and long lifetime. Herein, we present an innovative bioinspired MXene-integrated photonic crystal (PhC) array for multichannel bioinformation coding. PhC arrays with similar structure to Stenocara beetle’s back are utilized as the substrate, exhibiting properties of high throughput and stability. MXene nanosheets are further integrated on the PhC array’s substrate with the assistance of the adhesion capacity of mussel-inspired dopamine (DA). Benefitting from their fluorescence resonance energy transfer effect, MXene nanosheets can quench the fluorescence signals of quantum dot (QD) modified DNA probes unless the corresponding targets exist. Additionally, these black MXene nanosheets can enhance the contrast of structural color. In this case, the encrypted information can be easily read out by simply observing the fluorescence signal of DNA probes. It is demonstrated that this strategy based on bioinspired MXene-integrated PhC arrays can realize high-throughput information encoding and encryption, which opens a chapter of bioinformation coding.

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46

Sato, Hisako, Kenji Tamura, Tomoko Yajima, Fumi Sato, and Akihiko Yamagishi. "Chiral phosphorescent probes for amino acids: hybrids of iridium(iii) complexes with synthetic saponite." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 7 (2017): 2780–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj03777a.

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The effects of amino acids on the emission of iridium(iii) complexes adsorbed by colloidal particles of synthetic saponite lead to the conclusion that the interplay between two intramolecular chiral centers achieved enantioselectivity.

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47

Guzatov, Dmitry V., Sergey V. Gaponenko, and Hilmi V. Demir. "Colloidal Photoluminescent Refractive Index Nanosensor Using Plasmonic Effects." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 232, no. 9-11 (August 28, 2018): 1431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2018-1127.

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Abstract Fluorescence enhancement by metal nanostructures which is sensitive to refractive index n of an ambient medium is suggested as an operation principle of a novel refractive index sensor for liquids. Calculations are made for spherical and spheroidal Ag particles, and potential feasibility of sensitivity of the order of Δn=10−4 is demonstrated. Sensors of this type can be made fully colloidal with metal bodies deposited on a substrate or comprising a metal layer covering colloidal assembly of dielectric particles to serve as a test strip as well as placed on a fiber tip end to get local probing of refractive index in the tip-enhanced refractometry mode. Colloidal core-shell semiconductor nanocrystals may become the best candidates for this type of sensors whereas molecular probes may be affected by chemical properties of tested liquids.

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48

Lukinius, A. I., J. L. Ericsson, M. K. Lundqvist, and E. M. Wilander. "Ultrastructural localization of serotonin and polypeptide YY (PYY) in endocrine cells of the human rectum." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 34, no. 6 (June 1986): 719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/34.6.3517149.

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This study was performed with the aim of ultrastructurally localizing serotonin and polypeptide YY (PYY) in the endocrine cells of the human rectum. Existing basic methods for immunolocalization of antigenic sites in ultrathin sections were tested and modified to allow reproducible results with distinct localization of marker (colloidal gold probes coupled either to IgG or protein A). Probes signifying presence of serotonin were distinctly localized over all heteromorphous granules in argentaffin cells and, in addition, over some of the more monomorphous, rounded granules in a second cell type whose granules all were covered by probes showing localization of the PYY antigen. The results suggest that serotonin in endocrine cells of the gut is not confined to the enterochromaffin type but may also be present in trace amounts in non-enterochromaffin endocrine cells storing peptide hormones. Since probes marking sites of PYY were deposited over some heteromorphous granules in enterochromaffin cells, the evidence obtained also suggests that PYY may occur in low concentration in these cells. The distribution of probes in the sections indicated that antigenic sites were confined to granules in the cells.

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49

Fiebrig, Immo, Kjell M. Vårum, Stephen E. Harding, Stanley S. Davis, and Bjørn T. Stokke. "Colloidal gold and colloidal gold labelled wheat germ agglutinin as molecular probes for identification in mucin/chitosan complexes." Carbohydrate Polymers 33, no. 2-3 (June 1997): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8617(97)00028-3.

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50

Powell, Richard D., Carol M. R. Halsey, Edmund Gutierrez, James F. Hainfeld, and Frederic R. Furuya. "Dual-Labeled Probes for Fluorescence and Electron Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 992–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600025083.

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Fluorescein and the 1.4 nm Nanogold cluster have been separately attached to polyclonal antibody Fab’ fragments to generate combined fluorescent and gold secondary antibody probes (1, 2), and in comparisons with Nanogold, colloidal gold and fluorescein-labeled secondary antibodies, neither label was found to be significantly compromised by the presence of the other. The proximity to a gold label with which a fluorophore retains sufficient fluorescence emission intensity to be useful is limited by non-radiative fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) (3). This is a function of the degree of overlap of the fluorophore emission spectrum with the metal particle absorbtion spectrum, and of the separation of the metal particle and the fluorophore (4); for an effective dual-labeled probe, separation should be greater than the Forster distance (3), at which 50 % of excited-state decay occurs by FRET.

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