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Journal articles on the topic 'Colloidal hydrogenation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Pietrowski, Mariusz, Michał Zieliński, and Maria Wojciechowska. "Nanocolloidal Ru/MgF2 Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Chloronitrobenzene and Toluene." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 16, no. 2 (June 26, 2014): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2014-0031.

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Abstract The use of magnesium fluoride support for ruthenium active phase allowed obtaining new catalysts of high activities in the hydrogenation of toluene and ortho-chloronitrobenzene. Ruthenium colloid catalysts (1 wt.% of Ru) were prepared by impregnation of the support with the earlier produced polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized ruthenium colloids. The performances of the colloidal catalysts and those obtained by traditional impregnation were tested in the reactions of toluene hydrogenation to methylcyclohexane and selective hydrogenation of ortho-chloronitrobenzene (o-CNB) to ortho-chloroaniline (o-CAN). It was shown that the use of chemical reduction method allows obtaining highly monodisperse ruthenium nanoparticles of 1.6–2.6 nm in size. After reduction in hydrogen at 400oC, the colloidal ruthenium nanoparticles were found to strongly interact with MgF2 surface (SMSI), which decreased the catalyst ability to hydrogen chemisorption, but despite this, the colloid catalysts showed higher activity in o-CNB hydrogenation and higher selectivity to o-CAN than the traditional ones. It is supposed that their higher activity can be a result of high dispersion of Ru in colloid catalysts and the higher selectivity can be a consequence of the lower availability of hydrogen on the surface.

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2

Konuspayev, Sapar, Minavar Shaimardan, Nurlan Annas, T. S. Abildin, and Y. Y. Suleimenov. "Hydrogenation of benzene and toluene over supported rhodium and rhodium-gold catalysts." MATEC Web of Conferences 340 (2021): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134001026.

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Rhodium and rhodium-gold catalysts supported on amorphous aluminosilicates (ASA), titanium dioxide (rutile, TiO2) was prepared in two different ways: absorption and colloidal method. The catalysts were characterized by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The activity and selectivity of the prepared catalysts were tested by the hydrogenation of benzene and toluene. Hydrogenation was conducted at a pressure of 4 MPa and a temperature 80 °C. The bimetallic Rh-Au/ASA catalyst prepared by the absorption method showed higher activity and selectivity in benzene hydrogenation reaction, the same catalyst prepared by the colloidal method demonstrated lower selectivity.

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3

Chen, Ting-An, and Young-Seok Shon. "Alkanethiolate-Capped Palladium Nanoparticles for Regio- and Stereoselective Hydrogenation of Allenes." Catalysts 8, no. 10 (September 29, 2018): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8100428.

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Colloidal Pd nanoparticles capped with octanethiolate ligands have previously shown an excellent selectivity toward the mono-hydrogenation of both isolated and conjugated dienes to internal alkenes. This paper reports an efficient stereoselective mono-hydrogenation of cumulated dienes (allenes) to either Z or E olefinic isomers, depending on the substitution pattern around C=C bonds. Kinetic studies indicate that the reaction progresses through the hydrogenation of less hindered C=C bonds to produce internal Z olefinic isomers. In the cases of di-substitued olefinic products, this initial hydrogenation step is followed by the subsequent isomerization of Z to E isomers. In contrast, the slow isomerization of Z to E isomers for tri-substituted olefinic products results in the preservation of Z stereochemistry. The high selectivity of Pd nanoparticles averting an additional hydrogenation is steered from the controlled electronic and geometric properties of the Pd surface, which are the result of thiolate-induced partial poisoning and surface crowding, respectively. The high activity of colloidal Pd nanoparticle catalysts allows the reactions to be completed at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

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4

Bahruji, Hasliza, Mshaal Almalki, and Norli Abdullah. "Highly Selective Au/ZnO via Colloidal Deposition for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol: Evidence of AuZn Role." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 16, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.16.1.9375.44-51.

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Gold, Au nanoparticles were deposited on ZnO, Al2O3, and Ga2O3 via colloidal method in order to investigate the role of support for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Au/ZnO was also produced using impregnation method to investigate the effect of colloidal method to improve methanol selectivity. Au/ZnO produced via sol immobilization showed high selectivity towards methanol meanwhile impregnation method produced Au/ZnO catalyst with high selectivity towards CO. The CO2 conversion was also influenced by the amount of Au weight loading. Au nanoparticles with average diameter of 3.5 nm exhibited 4% of CO2 conversion with 72% of methanol selectivity at 250 °C and 20 bar. The formation of AuZn alloy was identified as active sites for selective CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Segregation of Zn from ZnO to form AuZn alloy increased the number of surface oxygen vacancy for CO2 adsorption to form formate intermediates. The formate was stabilized on AuZn alloy for further hydrogenation to form methanol. The use of Al2O3 and Ga2O3 inhibited the formation of Au alloy, and therefore reduced methanol production. Au/Al2O3 showed 77% selectivity to methane, meanwhile Au/Ga2O3 produced 100% selectivity towards CO. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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5

Vrijburg, Wilbert L., Jolanda W. A. van Helden, Arno J. F. van Hoof, Heiner Friedrich, Esther Groeneveld, Evgeny A. Pidko, and Emiel J. M. Hensen. "Tunable colloidal Ni nanoparticles confined and redistributed in mesoporous silica for CO2 methanation." Catalysis Science & Technology 9, no. 10 (2019): 2578–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cy00532c.

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6

Delgado, Jorge A., Olivia Benkirane, Carmen Claver, Daniel Curulla-Ferré, and Cyril Godard. "Advances in the preparation of highly selective nanocatalysts for the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes using colloidal approaches." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 37 (2017): 12381–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt01607g.

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7

Wang, Xiaodong, Noémie Perret, Laurent Delannoy, Catherine Louis, and Mark A. Keane. "Selective gas phase hydrogenation of nitroarenes over Mo2C-supported Au–Pd." Catalysis Science & Technology 6, no. 18 (2016): 6932–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cy00514d.

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8

Sun, Yifan, Albert J. Darling, Yawei Li, Kazunori Fujisawa, Cameron F. Holder, He Liu, Michael J. Janik, Mauricio Terrones, and Raymond E. Schaak. "Defect-mediated selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes on nanostructured WS2." Chemical Science 10, no. 44 (2019): 10310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc03337h.

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Colloidal 2H-WS₂ nanostructures catalyze selective hydrogenation of substituted nitroarenes to anilines with molecular hydrogen, where sulfur vacancies and tungsten-terminated edges play key roles in enabling functional group selectivity.

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9

Konuspayeva, Zere, Pavel Afanasiev, Thanh-Son Nguyen, Luca Di Felice, Franck Morfin, Nhat-Tai Nguyen, Jaysen Nelayah, et al. "Au–Rh and Au–Pd nanocatalysts supported on rutile titania nanorods: structure and chemical stability." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 42 (2015): 28112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp00249d.

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Au–Rh and Au–Pd nanoalloys synthesized by colloidal methods and immobilized on rutile titania nanorods are more stable than their monometallic counterparts for tetralin hydrogenation in the presence of sulfur.

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10

Pike, Sebastian D., Andrés García-Trenco, Edward R. White, Alice H. M. Leung, Jonathan Weiner, Milo S. P. Shaffer, and Charlotte K. Williams. "Correction: Colloidal Cu/ZnO catalysts for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol: investigating catalyst preparation and ligand effects." Catalysis Science & Technology 7, no. 18 (2017): 4233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cy90083j.

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Correction for ‘Colloidal Cu/ZnO catalysts for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol: investigating catalyst preparation and ligand effects’ by Sebastian D. Pike et al., Catal. Sci. Technol., 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7cy01191a.

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11

Pike, Sebastian D., Andrés García-Trenco, Edward R. White, Alice H. M. Leung, Jonathan Weiner, Milo S. P. Shaffer, and Charlotte K. Williams. "Colloidal Cu/ZnO catalysts for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol: investigating catalyst preparation and ligand effects." Catalysis Science & Technology 7, no. 17 (2017): 3842–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cy01191a.

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This paper reports on the influences of the catalyst preparation method and ligand effects for a series of highly active Cu/ZnO colloidal catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol.

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12

Bönnemann, H., W. Brijoux, J. Richter, R. Becker, J. Hormes, and J. Rothe. "The Preparation of Colloidal Pt/Rh Alloys Stabilized by NR4+- and PR4+-Groups and their Characterization by X-Ray-Absorption Spectroscopy." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 50, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1995-0305.

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Bimetallic Pt/Rh colloids protected by NR4+- or PR4+ groups are accessible by the coreduction of PtCl2 and RhCl3 using hydrotriorganoborates in organic media. According to TEM the particle size ranges from 1.9 to 2.5 nm. EDX point analysis of several samples has shown that both metals are present in the particles. The metallic character of the Pt/Rh core confirmed by XANES, and EXAFS data clearly indicate the formation of nanometallic alloys. Colloidal Pt/Rh alloys prepared in this way are very soluble and highly stable in organic phases and serve as sources for heterogeneous hydrogenation catalysts.

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13

Wang, Wei Qiang, Hai Juan Zhang, Ming Wu, and Shu Dong Zhang. "Design and Synthesis of a Novel Mesoporous Composite and its Performance as the Support for the Catalyst." Applied Mechanics and Materials 510 (February 2014): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.510.23.

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A novel synthesis route for a MCM-41 structure with Y zeolite seeds colloidal has been developed. The route is different from conversational method of highly ordered MCM-41 assembled from Y zeolite seed colloidal. The material was characterized by various techniques. The results indicate that the material has well-ordered hexagonal structure, with a thicker wall than that of the sample synthesized by a direct hydrothermal route (N-MCM-41). Furthermore, it has a stronger acidity. The sample was used as the support of a Pd-Pt catalyst for the polyaromatics hydrogenation. It was demonstrated that the introduction of building units of Y zeolite enhances the activity of polyaromatics hydrogenation. It can be concluded that the pore structure and acidity of support is a key factor for the design of a sulfur-resistant noble metal catalyst for aromatics saturation of diesel.

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14

OMOKAWA, Hiroyoshi, and Tetsuo TAKEMATSU. "Catalytic hydrogenation of paraquat with colloidal rhodium catalyst." Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 50, no. 4 (1986): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.50.847.

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15

Sharif, Md J., Prasenjit Maity, Seiji Yamazoe, and Tatsuya Tsukuda. "Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatics by Colloidal Iridium Nanoparticles." Chemistry Letters 42, no. 9 (September 5, 2013): 1023–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.130333.

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16

Omokawa, Hiroyoshi, and Tetsuo Takematsu. "Catalytic Hydrogenation of Paraquat with Colloidal Rhodium Catalyst." Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 50, no. 4 (April 1986): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1986.10867480.

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17

Konuspaev, S. R., and A. Nurlan. "Influence of the Au-Rh /ASA catalyst preparation method on the benzene hydrogenation reaction." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography. Ecology Series 136, no. 3 (2021): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2021-136-3-35-44.

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Comparative hydrogenation of benzene and toluene in ethanol under hydrogen pressure on rhodium and gold supported on synthetic amorphous aluminosilicate (ASA, trade name is siral-40) with a developed surface area prepared by two methods: impregnation by using the incipient wetness technique and colloidal method. Moreover, the catalysts were prepared by impregnation in two versions: co-impregnation and sequential impregnation of rhodium and gold salts. The catalysts are characterized by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) methods. It is shown that the catalysts prepared by impregnation according to the incipient wetness technique were the most acceptable for selective hydrogenation of benzene. The activity of the catalyst depends on the amount of rhodium on the surface of the available surface for the activation of benzene and toluene. On catalysts prepared by the colloidal method, the active metal rhodium goes inside the pores, and gold on the surface, so the activity is low, while on catalysts prepared by impregnation, the amount of rhodium on the surface is close to the theoretically possible amount. The selectivity of benzene hydrogenation in the presence of toluene on this catalyst is 84%.

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18

Phan Hong, Phuong, Phuong Nguyen Thi Hong, Hung Lam Hoa, and Trung Dang Bao. "Comparative study on catalytic reactivity of colloidal Ni(0)NPs and Pd(0)NPs towards semi-hydrogenation of alkynes." Vietnam Journal of Catalysis and Adsorption 10, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51316/jca.2021.033.

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In this study, nickel nanoparticles (Ni(0)NPs) and palladium nanoparticles (Pd(0)NPs) were prepared in neat glycerol under hydrogen pressure by the bottom-up approach. The formation of zero-valent metal nanospheres was evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Regarding their catalytic behaviors, Ni(0)NPs permitted to obtain the corresponding (Z)-alkenes in the semi-hydrogenation of both internal and terminal alkynes. In contrast, over-hydrogenations of such alkynes towards the alkanes were observed over Pd(0)NPs after only 2 hours of reaction. Interestingly, the catalytic phase of Ni(0)NPs in glycerol could be recycled up to 5 times, preserving their catalytic activity and selectivity.

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19

Niessen, Heiko G., Andreas Eichhorn, Klaus Woelk, and Joachim Bargon. "Homogeneous hydrogenation in supercritical fluids mediated by colloidal catalysts." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 182-183 (May 2002): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-1169(01)00483-6.

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20

Hanaoka, Taka-aki, Yoshihiro Kubota, Kazuhiko Takeuchi, Takehiko Matsuzaki, and Yoshihiro Sugi. "Colloidal rhodium catalyzed photo transfer hydrogenation of 1,5-cyclooctadiene." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 98, no. 3 (May 1995): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1381-1169(95)00011-9.

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21

Konuspayeva, Zere, Gilles Berhault, Pavel Afanasiev, Thanh-Son Nguyen, Suzanne Giorgio, and Laurent Piccolo. "Monitoring in situ the colloidal synthesis of AuRh/TiO2 selective-hydrogenation nanocatalysts." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 33 (2017): 17360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta03965d.

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AuRh/TiO₂ nanocatalysts have been prepared by colloidal co-reduction followed by sol immobilization. The nanoparticle synthesis is monitored in situ by liquid TEM, DLS and UV-vis, and the catalyst performance in selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde is correlated to structural information obtained from TEM and CO-FTIR.

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22

Harriman, Anthony. "The Photogeneration of Hydrogen." Platinum Metals Review 35, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/003214091x3512223.

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Bimetallic colloidal particles, comprising variable mol fractions of platinum and gold, function as effective catalysts for the photochemical production of hydrogen under sacrificial conditions. With increasing mol fraction of gold there is a significant decrease in the rate of hydrogenation of the reactants such that higher yields of hydrogen are attainable.

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23

Zhang, Hai Juan, Wei Qiang Wang, Jiang Hong Li, and Xi Wen Zhang. "A Novel Synthesis Route for Highly Ordered MCM-41 Assembled from Y Zeolite Seed Colloidal and its Performance as the Support for the Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 2926–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2926.

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A novel synthesis route for a MCM-41 structure with Y zeolite seeds colloidal has been developed. The route is different from conversational method of highly ordered MCM-41 assembled from Y zeolite seed colloidal. The material was characterized by various techniques. The results indicate that the material has well-ordered hexagonal structure, with a thicker wall than that of the sample synthesized by a direct hydrothermal route (N-MCM-41). SEM images show a very uniform net-like morphology, which is different from the loose appearance of N-MCM-41. Furthermore, it has a stronger acid strength and a higher hydrothermal stability. The sample was used as the support of a Pd-Pt catalyst for the polyaromatics hydrogenation. It was demonstrated that the introduction of building units of Y zeolite enhances the activity of polyaromatics hydrogenation. It can be concluded that the pore structure and acidity of support is a key factor for the design of a sulfur tolerant noble metal catalyst for aromatics saturation of diesel.

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24

Thalassinos, Giannis, Alastair Stacey, Nikolai Dontschuk, Billy J. Murdoch, Edwin Mayes, Hugues A. Girard, Ibrahim M. Abdullahi, et al. "Fluorescence and Physico-Chemical Properties of Hydrogenated Detonation Nanodiamonds." C — Journal of Carbon Research 6, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c6010007.

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Hydrogenated detonation nanodiamonds are of great interest for emerging applications in areas from biology and medicine to lubrication. Here, we compare the two main hydrogenation techniques—annealing in hydrogen and plasma-assisted hydrogenation—for the creation of detonation nanodiamonds with a hydrogen terminated surface from the same starting material. Synchrotron-based soft X-ray spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy were employed to quantify diamond and non-diamond carbon contents and determine the surface chemistries of all samples. Dynamic light scattering was used to study the particles’ colloidal properties in water. For the first time, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy analysis at temperatures from room temperature down to 10 K was performed to investigate the particles’ fluorescence properties. Our results show that both hydrogenation techniques produce hydrogenated detonation nanodiamonds with overall similar physico-chemical and fluorescence properties.

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25

van Ravensteijn, Bas G. P., Dirk-Jan Schild, Willem K. Kegel, and Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink. "The Immobilization of a Transfer Hydrogenation Catalyst on Colloidal Particles." ChemCatChem 9, no. 3 (December 21, 2016): 440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201601096.

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26

Sharif, Md J., Prasenjit Maity, Seiji Yamazoe, and Tatsuya Tsukuda. "ChemInform Abstract: Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatics by Colloidal Iridium Nanoparticles." ChemInform 45, no. 45 (October 23, 2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201445078.

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27

Imada, Toyoki, Yusuke Iida, Yousuke Ueda, Masanobu Chiku, Eiji Higuchi, and Hiroshi Inoue. "Electrochemical Toluene Hydrogenation Using Binary Platinum-Based Alloy Nanoparticle-Loaded Carbon Catalysts." Catalysts 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11030318.

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A couple of toluene (TL) and its hydrogenation product, methylcyclohexane (MCH), are promising high-density hydrogen carriers to store and transport large amounts of hydrogen. Electrochemical hydrogenation of TL to MCH can achieve energy savings compared with hydrogenation using molecular hydrogen generated separately, and development of highly active catalysts for electrochemical TL hydrogenation is indispensable. In this study, binary Pt3M (M = Rh, Au, Pd, Ir, Cu and Ni) alloy nanoparticle-loaded carbon catalysts were prepared by a colloidal method, and their activity for electrochemical TL hydrogenation was evaluated by linear sweep voltammetry. Each Pt3M electrode was initially activated by 100 cycles of potential sweep over a potential range of 0–1.2 or 0.8 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). For all activated Pt3M electrodes, the cathodic current density for electrochemical TL hydrogenation was observed above 0 V, that is the standard potential of hydrogen evolution reaction. Both specific activity, cathodic current density per electrochemical surface area, and mass activity, cathodic current density per mass of Pt3M, at 0 V for the Pt3Rh/C electrode were the highest, and about 8- and 1.2-times as high as those of the commercial Pt/C electrode, respectively, which could mainly be attributed to electronic modification of Pt by alloying with Rh. The Tafel slope for each activated Pt3M/C electrode exhibited the alloying of Pt with the second metals did not change the electrochemical TL hydrogenation mechanism.

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28

Qi, Shaopeng, Guoning Liu, Lu Tan, Jinxi Chen, Yongbing Lou, and Yixin Zhao. "Top-down fabrication of colloidal plasmonic MoO3−x nanocrystals via solution chemistry hydrogenation." Chemical Communications 56, no. 35 (2020): 4816–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc01015d.

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29

SAKAI, Mutsuji, Toshikazu YASUI, Shinpei FUJIMOTO, Masahiro TOMITA, Yasumasa SAKAKIBARA, and Norito UCHINO. "Studies on hydrogenation with nickel catalysts. VI. Catalytic properties of colloidal nickel for hydrogenation. Catalytic hydrogenation of nitro and halogen compounds." NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI, no. 9 (1989): 1642–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1989.1642.

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30

Komiyama, Makoto, Michitaka Ohtaki, and Hidefumi Hirai. "Covalently Immobilized Colloidal Metal Particles as Selective Catalysts for Olefin Hydrogenation." Journal of Coordination Chemistry 18, no. 1-3 (September 1988): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958978808080706.

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31

Liu, Manhong, Weiyong Yu, and Hanfan Liu. "Selective hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene over polymer-stabilized ruthenium colloidal catalysts." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 138, no. 2-3 (February 1999): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-1169(98)00159-9.

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32

Joó, Ferenc, Sándor Benkő, Ibolya Horváth, Zsolt Török, Levente Nádasdy, and László Vígh. "Hydrogenation of biological membranes using a polymer-anchored colloidal palladium catalyst." Reaction Kinetics & Catalysis Letters 48, no. 2 (December 1992): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02162717.

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33

Jiang, Yu-Lin, Xue-Yun Wei, Shou-Ping Tang, and Liu-Bin Yuan. "Colloidal nickel boride on rare earth oxides for hydrogenation of olefins." Catalysis Letters 34, no. 1-2 (March 1995): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00808317.

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34

Qiu, Xiaoqing, Qiuwen Liu, MingXia Song, and Caijin Huang. "Hydrogenation of nitroarenes into aromatic amines over Ag@BCN colloidal catalysts." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 477 (September 2016): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.05.043.

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35

Shiraishi, Yukihide, Daisuke Ikenaga, and Naoki Toshima. "Preparation and Catalysis of Inverted Core/Shell Structured Pd/Au Bimetallic Nanoparticles." Australian Journal of Chemistry 56, no. 10 (2003): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch03051.

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Reduction of two different precious metal ions by refluxing in ethanol/water in the presence of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) gave a colloidal dispersion of core/shell structured bimetallic nanoparticles. In the case of Pd and Au ions, for example, the colloidal dispersions of bimetallic nanoparticles with a Au core/Pd shell structure are produced. In contrast, it is difficult to synthesize bimetallic nanoparticles with the inverted core/shell (in this case, Pd core/Au shell) structure. Here the sacrificial hydrogen strategy has been used to construct the inverted core/shell structure, where the colloidal dispersions of Pd cores are treated with hydrogen and then the solution of the second element, Au ions, is slowly added to the dispersions. This novel method, developed by us, gave the inverted core/shell structured bimetallic nanoparticles. The Pd core/Au shell structure has been confirmed by FT-IR spectra of adsorbed carbon monoxide. The hydrogenation of methyl acrylate catalyzed by the nanoparticles before and after heat treatment was investigated as well.

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36

Decarpigny, Cédric, Sébastien Noël, Ahmed Addad, Anne Ponchel, Eric Monflier, and Rudina Bleta. "Robust Ruthenium Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous Cyclodextrin-Templated TiO2-SiO2 Mixed Oxides for the Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041721.

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In this paper, we present a versatile template-directed colloidal self-assembly method for the fabrication in aqueous phase of composition-tuned mesoporous RuO2@TiO2-SiO2 catalysts. Randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin/Pluronic F127 supramolecular assemblies were used as soft templates, TiO2 colloids as building blocks, and tetraethyl orthosilicate as a silica source. Catalysts were characterized at different stages of their synthesis using dynamic light scattering, N2-adsorption analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, high-angle annular bright-field and dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, together with EDS elemental mapping. Results revealed that both the supramolecular template and the silica loading had a strong impact on the pore characteristics and crystalline structure of the mixed oxides, as well as on the morphology of the RuO2 nanocrystals. Their catalytic performance was then evaluated in the aqueous phase hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) under mild conditions (50 °C, 50 bar H2). Results showed that the cyclodextrin-derived catalyst displayed almost quantitative LA conversion and 99% GVL yield in less than one hour. Moreover, this catalyst could be reused at least five times without loss of activity. This work offers an effective approach to the utilization of cyclodextrins for engineering the surface morphology of Ru nanocrystals and pore characteristics of TiO2-based materials for catalytic applications in hydrogenation reactions.

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37

Jong, Howard, Brian O. Patrick, and Michael D. Fryzuk. "Amine-tethered N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of rhodium(I)." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 86, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v08-082.

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A new family of rhodium-diene based complexes has been developed that incorporates an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand with an N-donor tether. The ligand is denoted Mes[CNH] 2 (where Mes[CNH] is 2,4,6-Me3C6H2NC3H2NCH2CH2NH-2,4,6-Me3C6H2) and Mes[CN] for the amido form. The synthesis of the Mes[CNH] ligand involves reaction of N-mesitylimidazole with 2-chloroethyl-N-mesitylamine under melt conditions, followed by deprotonation with KN(SiMe3)2. The reaction of Mes[CNH] with [(diene)RhCl]2 results in the formation of the monodentate complexes, Mes[CNH]Rh(diene)Cl (where diene = 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD): 3a; diene = 2,5-norbornadiene (NBD): 3b). Bidentate variants could be isolated as either a neutral species, Mes[CN]Rh(diene) 4a–4b, via deprotonation, or an ionic analogue such as [Mes[CNH]Rh(diene)]BF4 5a–5b by reaction with NaBF4. Compounds 4–5 are the first examples of rhodium compounds that contained a bidentate NHC ligand with a pendant amino or amido donor. Complexes 3–5 were characterized fully and the solid-state single crystal X-ray structures of 3a, 4a, and 5b are discussed. The utility of these complexes as catalyst precursors for hydrogenation reactions was examined and it was determined that these systems are not significantly more active than colloidal rhodium when parallel reactions were run. Various methods of transfer hydrogenations were also investigated with 3a, which did not yield an appreciable conversion of either benzophenone or N-benzylideneaniline as substrates.Key words: rhodium, N-heterocyclic carbene, catalysis, hydrogenation.

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38

Wang, Wei Qiang, Hai Juan Zhang, and Ming Wu. "Design and Synthesis a Novel Supported Pd-Pt Mesoporous Composite as Catalysts for the Polyaromatic Hydrogenation." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.260.

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Hydrothermally stable mesoporous aluminosilicates with tubular morphology and hexagonal nanochannels were prepared by a new route. The route is different from conversational method of highly ordered MCM-41 assembled from Beta zeolite seed colloidal. The synthesis of Beta zeolite-like seeds is a novel route of acid treatment. The XRD results indicated that the synthesized materials were well-ordered hexagonal mesostructures of MCM-41. The highly regular hexagonal mesostructures could survive by steaming at 750 °C for 2 h, exhibiting good hydrothermal stability. Combining the SEM investigation, the as-made materials showed tubular morphology with diameter of 0.4 μm. The sample has a stronger acid strength, and was used as the support of a Pd-Pt catalyst for the polyaromatics hydrogenation. It has high activity and good sulfur tolerance towards hydrogenation of aromatics of smaller diameter. It was demonstrated that the introduction of building units of Beta zeolite enhances the activity of polyaromatics hydrogenation. It can be concluded that the pore structure and acidity of support is a key factor for the design of a sulfur tolerant noble metal catalyst for aromatics saturation of diesel.

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39

Bruna, Lauriane, Miquel Cardona-Farreny, Vincent Colliere, Karine Philippot, and M. Rosa Axet. "In Situ Ruthenium Catalyst Modification for the Conversion of Furfural to 1,2-Pentanediol." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030328.

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Exploiting biomass to synthesise compounds that may replace fossil-based ones is of high interest in order to reduce dependence on non-renewable resources. 1,2-pentanediol and 1,5-pentanediol can be produced from furfural, furfuryl alcohol or tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol following a metal catalysed hydrogenation/C-O cleavage procedure. Colloidal ruthenium nanoparticles stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone in situ modified with different organic compounds are able to produce 1,2-pentanediol directly from furfural in a 36% of selectivity at 125 °C under 20 bar of H2 pressure.

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40

Gai, P. L., K. Kourtakis, H. Dindi, and S. Ziemecki. "Novel Xerogel Catalyst Materials for Hydrogenation Reactions and the Role of Atomic Scale Interfaces." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 704–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600016846.

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We are developing a new family of heterogeneous catalysts for hydrogenation catalysis. Catalyst synthesis is accomplished using colloidal polymerization chemistry which produce high surface area xerogel catalysts. These xerogels have been synthesized by one-step sol gel chemistry. These catalysts contain ruthenium and modifiers such as gold occluded or incorporated in a titanium oxide matrix. The materials, especially the modified systems exhibit favorable performance in microreactor evaluations for hydrogenation reactions and exhibit high activities. Nanostructural studies have revealed that the materials contain dispersed catalyst clusters which are desirable microstructures for the catalysis since the majority of the atoms are exposed to catalysis and are potentially active sites.The composition and atomic structure of the xerogel catalysts containing ruthenium and other metals have been examined using our in-house developments of environmental high resolution electron microscopy (EHREM) the atomic scale [1-3] and low voltage high resolution SEM (LVSEM)[4] methods.

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SAKAI, Mutsuji, Yukihiko MINAMIDA, Ken SASAKI, and Yasumasa SAKAKIBARA. "Catalytic Properties of Colloidal Nickel for Hydrogenation of Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds." NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI, no. 4 (1992): 412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1992.412.

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42

Liu, Manhong, Meifeng Han, and William W. Yu. "Hydrogenation of Chlorobenzene to Cyclohexane over Colloidal Pt Nanocatalysts under Ambient Conditions." Environmental Science & Technology 43, no. 7 (April 2009): 2519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es803471z.

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43

Yang, Xinlin, Hanfan Liu, and Hao Zhong. "Hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene over polymer-stabilized palladium–platinum bimetallic colloidal clusters." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 147, no. 1-2 (November 1999): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-1169(99)00128-4.

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44

Manbeck, Kimberly A., Nathan E. Musselwhite, Lindsay M. Carl, Carrie A. Kauffman, Oliver D. Lyons, Jason K. Navin, and Anderson L. Marsh. "Factors affecting activity and selectivity during cyclohexanone hydrogenation with colloidal platinum nanocatalysts." Applied Catalysis A: General 384, no. 1-2 (August 2010): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2010.06.007.

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45

Musselwhite, Nathan E., Sarah B. Wagner, Kimberly A. Manbeck, Lindsay M. Carl, Kyle M. Gross, and Anderson L. Marsh. "Activity and selectivity of colloidal platinum nanocatalysts for aqueous phase cyclohexenone hydrogenation." Applied Catalysis A: General 402, no. 1-2 (July 2011): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2011.05.033.

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46

Brown, N. J., J. Weiner, K. Hellgardt, M. S. P. Shaffer, and C. K. Williams. "Phosphinate stabilised ZnO and Cu colloidal nanocatalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol." Chemical Communications 49, no. 94 (2013): 11074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cc46203j.

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47

Yang, Yongjun, Xianxiang Liu, Dulin Yin, Zehui Zhang, Dichen Lei, and Jing Yang. "A recyclable Pd colloidal catalyst for liquid phase hydrogenation of α-pinene." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 26 (June 2015): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.12.005.

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48

Duyar, Melis S., Alessandro Gallo, Samuel K. Regli, Jonathan L. Snider, Joseph A. Singh, Eduardo Valle, Joshua McEnaney, Stacey F. Bent, Magnus Rønning, and Thomas F. Jaramillo. "Understanding Selectivity in CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol for MoP Nanoparticle Catalysts Using In Situ Techniques." Catalysts 11, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11010143.

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Molybdenum phosphide (MoP) catalyzes the hydrogenation of CO, CO2, and their mixtures to methanol, and it is investigated as a high-activity catalyst that overcomes deactivation issues (e.g., formate poisoning) faced by conventional transition metal catalysts. MoP as a new catalyst for hydrogenating CO2 to methanol is particularly appealing for the use of CO2 as chemical feedstock. Herein, we use a colloidal synthesis technique that connects the presence of MoP to the formation of methanol from CO2, regardless of the support being used. By conducting a systematic support study, we see that zirconia (ZrO2) has the striking ability to shift the selectivity towards methanol by increasing the rate of methanol conversion by two orders of magnitude compared to other supports, at a CO2 conversion of 1.4% and methanol selectivity of 55.4%. In situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) and in situ X-ray Diffraction (XRD) indicate that under reaction conditions the catalyst is pure MoP in a partially crystalline phase. Results from Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy coupled with Temperature Programmed Surface Reaction (DRIFTS-TPSR) point towards a highly reactive monodentate formate intermediate stabilized by the strong interaction of MoP and ZrO2. This study definitively shows that the presence of a MoP phase leads to methanol formation from CO2, regardless of support and that the formate intermediate on MoP governs methanol formation rate.

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Hirai, Hide fumi, Shigeru Komatsuzaki, and Naoki Toshima. "Colloidal Palladium Supported on Chelate Resin Containing Iminodiacetic Acid Groups as Hydrogenation Catalyst." Journal of Macromolecular Science: Part A - Chemistry 23, no. 8 (August 1986): 933–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222338608081102.

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CHAWANYA, Hitoshi, Naoki TOSHIMA, and Hidefumi HIRAI. "Selective hydrogenation of hexadienes using colloidal palladium in poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 43, no. 3 (1986): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.43.161.

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